Argument Literacy & T3C’s

Argument Writing from TextCCR.W.1

College and Career Ready Writing; Text Types and Purposes: 1

• Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

• What does this mean?????

• Let’s look at the standard at your grade level.

The StandardsCollege and Career Readiness Anchor Standard for Writing #11. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Writing Standard #1 6th gradeWrite arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.a. Introduce claim(s) and organize the reasonsand evidence clearly.b. Support claim(s) with clear reasons andrelevant evidence, using credible sources anddemonstrating an understanding of the topicor text.c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify therelationships among claim(s) and reasons.d. Establish and maintain a formal style.e. Provide a concluding statement or sectionthat follows from the argument presented.

Writing Standard #1, 7th Grade 1. Write arguments to support claims with clearreasons and relevant evidence.a. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge alternate oropposing claims, and organize the reasons andevidence logically.b. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning andrelevant evidence, using accurate, crediblesources and demonstrating an understandingof the topic or text.c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to createcohesion and clarify the relationships amongclaim(s), reasons, and evidence.d. Establish and maintain a formal style.e. Provide a concluding statement or sectionthat follows from and supports the argumentpresented.

Writing Standard #1, 8th Grade1. Write arguments to support claims with clearreasons and relevant evidence.a. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge anddistinguish the claim(s) from alternate oropposing claims, and organize the reasons andevidence logically.b. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning andrelevant evidence, using accurate, crediblesources and demonstrating an understandingof the topic or text.c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to createcohesion and clarify the relationships amongclaim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.d. Establish and maintain a formal style.e. Provide a concluding statement or sectionthat follows from and supports the argumentpresented.

The Standards…continued

What Is the Difference between Persuasive Writing

and Writing Argument?Persuasive - In a persuasive essay, you can select the most favorable evidence, appeal to emotions, and use style to persuade your readers. Your single purpose is to be convincing . The same might be said of propaganda and advertising.

Argument, on the other hand, is mainly about logical appeals and involves claims, evidence, warrants, backing, and rebuttals, Argument is at the heart of critical thinking and academic discourse; it is the kind of writing students need to know for success in college and in life—the kind of writing that the Common Core State Standards puts first.

Kinneavy and Warriner

Let’s do a group practice?

What does it take to be a hero?

• What are the attributes of a hero?

• Complete the Ranking Heroic Action Activity, answer the following questions:

• Why are some actions more heroic than others?• What are some key characteristics or rules that could

be used to judge whether or not someone’s action is a heroic act?

ELA Argument

Claim-An assertion or conclusion that answers the original question.Evidence- Data from the text that support the claim. The data need to be appropriate & sufficient to support the claim.Reasoning – A justification that links the claim & evidence. The reasoning shows why the data count as evidence to support the claim by applying an appropriate ELA framework or established criteria and clearly explaining how the evidence fits the framework or meets the criteria.

Scientific Argument

Claim-An assertion or conclusion that answers the original question.

Evidence- Scientific data that support the claim. The data need to be appropriate & sufficient to support the claim.

Reasoning – A justification that links the claim & evidence & shows why the data count as evidence to support the claim by using the appropriate scientific principles & theories of a conceptual framework.

Elements of ArgumentClaimEvidence: relevant and verifiableWarrant: explanation of how the

evidence supports the claim; often common sense rules, laws, scientific principles or research, and well-considered definitions.

Backing: support for the warrant (often extended definitions)

Qualifications and Counter-arguments: acknowledgement of differing claims

How can argument writing support the use of T3C’s

1. TOPIC Sentence (debatable claim)

2. Concrete evidence (x3)statisticsdataexperimental resultstextual evidence

3. Commentary Unit of JustificationReasoning

4. Conclusion

The Claim or Thesis Statement

…is the most important sentence in your paper

…is an assertion

…answers the question: “What am I trying to prove?”

...brings focus to the entire essay

…lets the reader know the main idea of the paper

…is not a factual statement or an announcement of purpose, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper.

#1

Example: Which is a thesis statement?• Parents, often too busy to watch television

shows with their families, can monitor their children’s viewing habits with the aid of the V-chip.

• To help parents monitor their children’s viewing habits, the V-chip should be a required feature for television sets sold in the U.S.

• This paper will describe a V-chip and examine the uses of the V-chip in American-made television sets.

Types of Claims• Claims of fact or definition: These claims

argue about what the definition of something is or whether something is a settled fact.

• Claims of cause and effect: These claims argue that one person, thing, or event caused another thing or event to occur.

Types of Claims

• Claims about solutions or policies: These are claims that argue for or against a certain solution or policy approach to a problem

• Claims about value: These are claims made of what something is worth, whether we value it or not, how we would rate or categorize something.

Is this a Claim?

• What some people refer to as global warming is actually nothing more than normal, long-term cycles of climate change.

A STUDENT READ “DREAMS” AND “DREAM DEFERRED” BY LANGSTON HUGHES, AND HE GENERATED THIS THESIS.

Langston Hughes uses metaphors to illustrate how having to postpone one’s

wishes or desires can lead to destruction.

Is this a Claim?

Is this a Claim?

The adverse affects of using alcohol and tobacco accounts for a disproportionately large fraction of Medicare costs, and therefore need to be taxed more heavily.

The Claim or Thesis Statement

…is the most important sentence in your paper

…is an assertion

…answers the question: “What am I trying to prove?”

...brings focus to the entire essay

…lets the reader know the main idea of the paper

…is not a factual statement or an announcement of purpose, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper.

#1REVIEW

#2 Concrete evidence from Reading…

Strong Evidence should be:UnifiedSpecificAccurateAdequateRelevantRepresentative

From a source…..

Appropriate Evidence

• Current events (local, municipal, state, national, global)

• Historical events• Literature (and other academic texts)• Analogies and hypotheticals• Personal anecdotes (if appropriate to

the prompt)

#3 Commentary

The why (justification) of the data you used in your

claims…making relevant in-depth understanding of text

-Have I ended the discussion of the logical argument?

-Have I restated my claim

-Have a summarized the main points of the argument?

#4 Conclusion

Creating an ArgumentCl

ai

m

A Miner would be a good mascot selection for our school.

Evi

dence

Mascots should be strong or tough and represent the area. They should be something people would be proud to be.

Expl

anation

Our area has mining as one of its primary industries, so the choice would represent our area. In addition, miners need to be tough because they do strenuous work—and dangerous work. They work hard to fill a need for people everywhere. That’s something to be proud of.

Let’s practice with content specific reading focusing on Claims, Evidence and Argument

Let’s Practice T3Cs for Argument

• Should the government implement a tax on junk food?

• Resources:• Adult Obesity Facts• Would junk food taxes really make people eat

better?• Poll: Most Oppose Tax on Junk Food

Junk Food Tax

• Use the resources to write a claim and support it with evidence and reasoning using the T3C model for argument.

• Closely read and annotate the following texts to make your argument.

Thank you!