write everything in yellow!. the focus and epicenter of an earthquake the point within earth where...
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WRITE EVERYTHING IN YELLOW!
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The Focus and Epicenter of an Earthquake
• The point within Earth where rock under stress breaks and triggers and earthquake is called the focus
• The point directly above the focus on the surface is the epicenter
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A vibration that travels through Earth carrying energy released during an EQ.
Three types of seismic waves:Body waves
P wave S wave
Surface waves
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Body waves P or primary waves
fastest waves travel through solids,
liquids, or gases compression wave,
material movement is in the same direction as wave movement
S or secondary waves slower than P waves travel through solids
only transverse waves -
move material perpendicular to wave movement
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Surface Waves Travel just below or along the ground’s surface Slower than body waves; rolling and side-to-side
movement Especially damaging to buildings
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What is the difference between surface waves and body waves?
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What is the difference between surface waves and body waves? Surface waves move along the surface and
cause the most damage. Body waves run underground and cause little damage.
![Page 8: WRITE EVERYTHING IN YELLOW!. The Focus and Epicenter of an Earthquake The point within Earth where rock under stress breaks and triggers and earthquake](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649edc5503460f94bec926/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is the difference between surface waves and body waves? Surface waves move along the surface and
cause the most damage. Body waves run underground and cause little damage.
What’s the differences between P waves and S waves?
![Page 9: WRITE EVERYTHING IN YELLOW!. The Focus and Epicenter of an Earthquake The point within Earth where rock under stress breaks and triggers and earthquake](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649edc5503460f94bec926/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is the difference between surface waves and body waves? Surface waves move along the surface and
cause the most damage. Body waves run underground and cause little damage.
What’s the differences between P waves and S waves?P-waves are the fastest moving waves and are
a compressional wave. S-waves are slower and a tranverse wave. S-waves only travel through solids.
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Seismographs record earthquake events
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Seismic wave behavior P waves arrive first, then S waves, then surface waves Average speeds for all these waves is known After an earthquake, the difference in arrival times at a
seismograph station can be used to calculate the distance from the seismograph to the epicenter.
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Damage in Oakland, CA, 1989• Building collapse
• Fire• Tsunami• Ground failure
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most often caused by an underwater earthquakeearthquake must register at least 6.5 magnitudeonce the wave hits land, the wave slows and the
trough grows tall.
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/2004_Indonesia_Tsunami_Complete.gif
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80% of all earthquakes occur in the Ring of Fire most of these result from convergent boundary activity ~15% occur in the Mediterranean-Asia belt remaining 5% occur in the interiors of plates and on
spreading ridge centers more than 150,000 quakes strong enough to be felt are
recorded each year
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Mercalli Scale: rates Eqs from I-XII (roman numerals).Based on how the
earthquake affected people and buildings
Richter/Moment Magnitude: rates from 1-10.Reported by
seismograph machines around the world.
4.5 and below cause little damage