worms - mr. burkett's science classroommrburkettscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/1/9/...parasitic...

Worms Friend OR Foe ? http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=1&n=75

http://www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html

http://www.dof.virginia.gov/images/anim-worm-crawl.gif

CHARACTERISITCS

OF ALL WORMS

Invertebrate ___________

Elongated bodies

______________ symmetry

Cephalization

____________________

No respiratory organs (Breathe through __________)

WHERE DO THEY LIVE?

_______________ -

Found in environment

_______________

Live on or in another organism

http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/sws/images/grasscycling.jpg

http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=66&n=75

http://www.placervillevet.com/heartworm.htm

PARASITIC WORMS

Animal host where ADULT feeds and

reproduces = ______________HOST

Animal host where LARVAL form

lives and feeds = ______________ HOST

FLATWORMS PHYLUM: Platyhelminthes

FREE LIVING PARASITIC

Planaria Flukes & Tapeworms

ALL FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

PLATYHELMINTHES (Flatworms)

http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html

PLANARIA

NOT

PARASITES

http://www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html

http://www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg

ONE opening digestive system http://www.biologia.edu.ar/animales/images/planaria.jpg

GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY

(Combination Digestive & circulatory)

EXCRETORY • FLAME

CELLS collect excess water and nitrogen waste

• Excreted through pores in skin

Moving cilia look

like little “flames” http://tim.nccu.edu.tw/biotech/biolife/maricopa/flatwormexcret.gif

REPRODUCTION SEXUAL-

HERMAPHRODITES

(have both ovary & testes

in one organism)

but trade with a partner

http://www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg

ASEXUAL-

can use regeneration to

grow a new organism from

part of parent worm

http://faculty.stcc.edu/rapp/biol102/biology_links.htm

PARASITIC FLATWORM

Schistosoma

NOT IN USA but infects over 250 million

people worldwide

Worms can block blood

vessels to organs causing

irritation, bleeding,

tissue decay producing

disease called

= __________________ http://www.coc.org/focus/food/pics/rice_paddy.jpg

HUMAN BLOOD FLUKE

Schistosoma

Larva hatches from

egg & infects snail

(intermediate host)

Eggs leave body in

urine or feces

Adult worms mature & reproduce

in blood vessels; eggs travel to intestines or bladder

Larvae grow tails

and leave snail

Immature worms

burrow through skin

into blood vessels

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/schistosoma_lifecycle.gif

TAPEWORMS

PARASITIC FLATWORM

that lives in HOST animal intestines

Dog tapeworm

http://www.bangkokhealth.com/cimages/tapeworm02.jpg

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/pictures/whole_tapeworms.GIF

TAPEWORM VOCAB

____________- Head with suckers and hooks to help hold on inside host

http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_drawing.gif

TAPEWORM VOCAB

___________________-

hermaphroditic reproductive structures

(contain both male & female sex organs)

Contain

fertilized

eggs

Shed in feces

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/labeled_taenia.html

WORM VOCAB ______________

Thickened PROTECTIVE layer on the outside of worms made of CELLS

_______________

NON-CELLULAR PROTECTIVE coating found on the outside of worms

http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_drawing.gif

Attaches with SCOLEX http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab__10_platy_nemat/images/taenia_scolex.jpg

http://www.microscopyu.com/galleries/smz1500/images/tapewormscolexsmall.jpg

TAPEWORM

NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

-absorbs nutrients through skin

TEGUMENT protects them from host

digestive enzymes and immune system


TAPEWORMS

Can grow up to 30 ft

(2000 proglottids)

REPRODUCE WITH PROGLOTTIDS

Add new proglottids behind scolex

Mature ones drop off at tail end

Leave body in feces



EX: BEEF TAPEWORM

Adults attach

inside intestines

and absorb

digested food

Proglottids are

released in feces

Proglottids burst

releasing eggs with

larvae inside on ground

Cows eat grass;

larvae travel through blood vessels;

make cysts in muscle

Humans eat

undercooked meat

containing cysts

http://net.unl.edu/wonderwise/12parasi/a-para.htm

ROUND WORMS Phylum: Nematoda

Ascaris

Trichinella

Hookworms

Pinworms

Filarial worms


ALL

ROUND WORMS

are

PSEUDOCOELOMATES

NEMATODA (Round worms)


ROUND WORM

Ascaris PARASITIC

Have a 2 OPENING

digestive system

Lives in intestines

Feeds on passing food

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/images.html

http://www.hillsdale.edu/Personal/Swinehart/Aquatics/Courses/Biodiv/ascaris_bolus.gif

Females can grow up to 1 ft long

& produce 200,000 eggs/day

Humans become

infected when they

eat FOOD or WATER

contaminated with

eggs

Image from: http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif


Most common

worm infection

WORLD WIDE

Mostly in children

Estimated 25%

of world’s

population is

infected with

Ascaris


ROUND WORM

Trichinella Cysts release

larvae that burrow

into intestinal wall &

mature

Adults release

larvae that travel

through bloodstream

to muscles

Larvae forms

cysts in muscle

http://jeggeri.pri.ee/Kontuur/Loomad/pig.gif

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/trichinella_lifecycle.html

http://www.umm.edu/images/ency/fullsize/trichinella_spiralis_in_human_muscle_2638.jpg

Humans infected by

eating undercooked

meat containing cysts

Trichinella

Trichinella infection can lead to disease called = __________________

Symptoms:

Muscle pain & stiffness Can be fatal if cysts form in heart

http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/unsegm3.jpg

TRICHINOSIS

Less than 100 cases/year in USA from PORK

Most from eating wild game

Curing (salting), drying, smoking, or

microwaving meat does not consistently kill

infective worms.

PARASITIC ROUND WORMS

Guinea worm

Found in AFRICA



PARASITIC ROUND WORMS Guinea worm

Female bodies under skin fill with eggs

and break open; larvae form blisters

Blisters pop and larvae

are released in water

Larvae eaten by small crustaceans

Humans infected by drinking water

Larvae mature and adult worms

migrate to skin



FILARIAL

ROUNDWORMS

are transmitted

by insects

DISEASES caused by

FILARIAL ROUND WORMS

DOG HEARTWORM

Elephantiasis

Loa Loa - eye worm

FILARIAL

ROUND WORMS

DOG HEARTWORM

Carried by

mosquitoes


DISEASES caused by


Elephantiasis

Adult worms

live in lymph

nodes causing

blockage so

fluid back ups http://www2.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/32FF6DCF-75CF-42D0-BCAE-297EFDE27CF1/0/elephantiasis.jpg

ELEPHANTIASIS Common in

tropical countries

Adult worms can

grow to 4” long

http://health-pictures.com/elephantiasis-picture.htm

ELEPHANTIASIS

http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph3.html

Adult worms live and reproduce in lymph vessels

Mosquito picks up

larvae from blood

when it feeds

Larvae develop into

juveniles inside mosquito

Mosquito injects

juveniles which

migrate to lymph

nodes and mature


Loa loa

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/loa.html

Found in AFRICA

Loa Loa worm • Humans are infected with

larvae when bitten by loa fly

• Larvae mature & crawl

around under skin

(especially near face)

• Adults mate and produce

larvae which can be picked

up by another fly and

transmitted to another

person

http://maven.smith.edu/~sawlab/fgn/pnb/loaloa.html

PARASITIC ROUND WORMS

Hookworms

Ancylostoma

Live in intestine;

feed on BLOOD


http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/placoconus.html

Eggs leave body in feces

and hatch as larvae in soil

Larvae are coughed

up & swallowed;

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/polk/health/carbon/fact3.htm

http://www.retiredgreyhounds.co.uk/page12.htm

http://www.barefooters.org/1995-spring/gifs/mtn_pjl_feet.jpg

HOOKWORM LIFE CYCLE

Adult worms live in

intestine and feed on blood Larvae enter body by burrowing

through skin on feet & travel to lungs

Return to intestines;

mature & mate

Hookworms in Humans

• PROBLEMS

caused by

migrating larvae

• Cause intense

reaction in skin at

site

• Infect 40 million

people worldwide

Parasitic ROUND WORMS

Pinworms • Most common

parasitic infection IN UNITED STATES

• 1/5 children are infected

• Worldwide 500 million people are infected with pinworms


Grow up to ½ inch long


Parasitic ROUND WORMS

• Adult Pinworms live in intestine

• Females crawl out through anus at night and lay 15,000/day eggs on skin

• Intense itching causes host to scratch

• Eggs under fingernails and on hands are spread back to self or to others when objects/food are touched

ALL

SEGMENTED

WORMS

are

EUCOELOMATES!

“True coelom”

SEGMENTED WORMS

(PHYLUM: ANNELIDA)


SEGMENTED WORMS Annelida

FREE LIVING PARASITIC

Earthworms Leeches

SEGMENTED WORMS

Return nutrients to soil by decomposing dead leaves and organic matter

Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots

Tunnels loosen soil so roots can grow more easily

Earthworms play an important role in soil fertility

“intestines of the earth”

-Aristotle

PARASITIC SEGMENTED WORMS

LEECHES

Medical uses

worms - mr. burkett's science classroommrburkettscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/1/9/...parasitic...

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