worldwari

8/7/2019 WorldWarI

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/worldwari 1/19

World War I1914 - 1918

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Tensions in Europe

Tensions in Europe incr eased for anumber of r easons from 1880-1910.These r easons included:

� Imper ialism

� Nationalism

� Alliances� Militar ism

� Failed diplomacy

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


The War Begins

� War was sparked by the assassination of Austr ian heir Ar chduke Ferdinand by aSerbian group.

� This event set off a chain of events leading to World War I

-Austr ia invaded Serbia

-Russia mobilized in support of Serbia-Germany declar ed war on both Russiaand France in r esponse to Russia

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Germany¶s plan

� Germany border ed Russiaon the East and France on the West

� Germany did not want to

f ight a war on two fronts and came up with the Von Schlieff en plan, wher e they would quickly def eatFrance and then tur n their attention towards Russia

and the easter n front.� Germany decided to

invade France through Belgium, violating Belgium¶s neutrality.

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Alliances shift

� Br itain was upset with Germany¶s decision to go

through Belgium as Belgian ports wer e close to

England. They declar ed war on Germany,

coming to France¶s aid.

� Italy decided that Germany was the aggr essor ,

and left the Tr iple alliance, becoming neutral

they would later oppose Germany.

� The Ottoman Empir e joined for ces with

Germany and Austr ia.

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Alliances in 1914

AlliesCentral

Powers

Austr ia-

Hungar y

Germany

Ottoman Empir e

France Russia Gr eat

Br itain

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


The German Invasion

� Germany initially overran France¶s def enses andmade fast progr ess towards Par is.

� However , Russia¶s army was now fully mobilized

(r eady to f ight) and Germany had to split its for ces and send some to f ight on the easter n front.

� France and Br itain fought back at the Battle of

Mar ne for cing Germany to end its advance.Germany now settled in for a long war on twofronts.

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Tr ench Warfar e� World War I f eatur ed new

technologies such as machine guns. This made engaging the enemy in an open f ield

ver y bloody.� Each side dug tr enches

for their men to take cover in. A lar ge per centage of the war was fought with both

sides battling fromtr enches. Militar y units would lose thousands of men battling for a f ewhundr ed yards of terr itor y between tr enches.

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


New Weapon Technology

Other than the machine gun, other weapon technology was f ir st putinto use in the war.

These included:± Poison Gas (Germans

1915)

± The Tank (the Br itish 1916)

± Blimps and Airplanes± Submar ines r ef err ed to

as U-Boats (Germany 1914)

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


German U-Boats gave them an advantage at sea, but ther e use caused tension

with many other countr ies

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


German pilot, Manfr ed von Richthof en,

aka ³The Red Baron´ was the top ace of

World War I achieving 80 kills in aer ial

combat.

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Total War World War I was a total war ,

r equir ing effort and sacr if ice from all of its citizens.These occurr ed in a number of ways.

-Men wer e drafted into the army, rather than r elying on volunteer s

-Food supplies wer e rationed

-Factor ies wer e converted by the gover nment to make war supplies

-As men went to the battlef ieldwomen r eplaced them in many factor y jobs.

Women at a munitions

factor y

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Propaganda

Each countr y putout Propaganda, one-sidedadvertisements designed to get

people to join in the war effort in some way.

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


The Role of the Colonies� World War I even

extended to the colonialpossessions around the world. Battles wer e fought in West Afr ica andin Asia.

� Many in the colonies believed that by f ighting with the mother countr y¶s army they couldsomehow ear n their

independence� Japan enter ed the war

against Germany andtook many of their Pacif ic island colonies.

Fr ench Propaganda aimed at

their Afr ican Colonies

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Russia leaves the War

� Russia suff er ed numerous def eats to the Germans as they wer e poorly equipped.However , Russia¶s huge population was able to keepthem f ielding an army

� Russian had been upset with their Czar ist gover nment for year s, and f inally in 1917 the Russian people overthr ew the

Czar.� When the Bolsheviks, a

communist group, took control in Russia they made peace with Germany and left the war.

Czar Nicholas II of Russia lost even mor e support dur ing WWI.

Revolutionar ies in Russia such as Vladimir Lenin (Below) wouldoverthrow the czar ist gover nment

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


The United States Enter s the War

� Initially the United States under itpr esident Woodrow Wilson stayed out of the war.

� Amer ican-German r elations became tense after German U-

boats sank Amer ican ships bound for Br itain.

� Amer ica would eventually enter the war in Apr il 1917 after being given the ³Zimmerman Telegraph´ that Br itain hadinter cepted from Germany. This

telegram suggested that Mexicoshould the war on the side of Germany, and that Germany would help Mexico r egain landlost to Amer ica (Texas, Califor niaetc).

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


The Tide Tur ns in the War

� Germany now tur ned all of its attention towards the Wester n Front.

� Germany made one huge assault on France andadvanced to within 50 miles of Par is.

� However , this was not enough

to still not def eat the allies as the fr esh Amer ican troops gave the allies a boost andGermany began to r etr eat.

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


Germany weakens� In 1918 The German war effort

began to show signs of weakness, as they wer e running out of supplies andsoldier s. Their economy couldno longer support the war

effort� The Allies soundly def eated

them at the Battle of Amiens, and Germany lost support as the Ottoman empir e surr ender ed to the Allies.

� Germany was in politicaldiscontent as r evolutionar y movements took hold within

Germany.

German def eat at Amiens left

them in a sever ely weakened

position

8/7/2019 WorldWarI


The War Ends

� In November 1918, Germany f inally signed a cease-f ir e andsurr ender ed, even though ther e wer e no allied troops inside of

Germany¶s border.� Kaiser Wilhelm gave up his

throne and Germany became ar epublic.

� Peace had come with a gr eatcost as millions had died, landhad been ruined and r esour ces wasted. ³Victor y was indistinguishable from def eat.´

Germany¶s weakness

for ced Kaiser Wilhelm to

abdicate the throne

eff ectively ending WWI.

worldwari

Documents