world war ii us history paul dunn instructor – 2005

World War II US History Paul Dunn Instructor 2005

Road To War Aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles Aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles Germany Lost Territory Germany Lost Military Germany was assigned total blame for war Map was redrawn with nine new independent nations. Video Clip

Road to War Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin Communist leader of Russia Total govt control of all aspects of life Did not tolerate dissent Great purge Killed an estimated 8-13 million of his own people Eventual US Ally in the war Photo

Road to War Benito Mussilini Benito Mussilini Leader of Italy Promoted Fascism Military rule Forced his way into power by threatening civil war to the king of Italy Led a group of thugs called the black shirts (secret police) Photo

Road to War Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Formed the Nazi Party Promoted Aryan race as the master race Relied on hatred and rascim Wrote Meine Kampfe (My Struggles) Seized power through a series of brilliant political and military moves

Road to War Emperor Hirohito Emperor Hirohito Royal leader of Japan Real control of the country was in the hands of the Military (fascism) Hungry for land and resources especially oil Invaded Manchuria - a province of China in 1931 Viewed Japan as the rightful ruler of China and Southeast Asia

The Rise of Nationalism Nationalism once again pushes the World towards armed conflict. Nationalism once again pushes the World towards armed conflict.

Clouds of War Many regional conflicts erupt Spain, Ethiopia, Annexation of Austria, Sudetenland Many regional conflicts erupt Spain, Ethiopia, Annexation of Austria, Sudetenland Set the stage for larger conflict Set the stage for larger conflict Policy of Appeasement PM Neville Chamberlain of Great Britain give Hitler what he wants to avoid war. Policy of Appeasement PM Neville Chamberlain of Great Britain give Hitler what he wants to avoid war.

The Axis Powers

Axis Powers Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini signed an alliance in 1936 that created the Axis Powers Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini signed an alliance in 1936 that created the Axis Powers They thought that the axis of Europe should revolve around Germany and Italy Japan later joined the Axis Powers in late 1936 Japan later joined the Axis Powers in late 1936

Adolf Hitler 52 min video clip

Russo-German Non-aggression Pact Also referred to as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) Also referred to as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) Agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany where they agreed not to attack each other Also granted the Soviets control of the Baltic states in the event of war Hitler violated this pact when he invaded Russia later in the war Hitler violated this pact when he invaded Russia later in the war Photo at the signing of the pact

Russo-German Non-aggression Pact Video clip

Fighting Begins September 1, 1939 Germany Invades Poland September 1, 1939 Germany Invades Poland Britain and France immediately declare war on Germany Britain and France immediately declare war on Germany Germany also occupied Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and attacked Finland and annexed part of its territory Germany also occupied Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and attacked Finland and annexed part of its territory Video clip

Blitzkreig Lightning War Lightning War 1.Relied heavily on Air Support and long-range bombing to soften up enemy forces. 2.Used artillery to provide cover. 3.Used paratroopers to get behind enemy lines to cause problems for enemy supply lines, troop movements, communications and retreat avenues.

Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg (cont.) Blitzkrieg (cont.) 4. The tank was used as a mobile artillery piece to provide troop support 5. Troops moved in armored personal carriers to allow faster movement

Blitzkrieg Forced enemies to move rapidly or be overrun. Forced enemies to move rapidly or be overrun. Required an elaborate system of logistics to keep troops supplied with fuel and ammunition Required an elaborate system of logistics to keep troops supplied with fuel and ammunition Autobahn Air drops Troop engineers built roads, bridges etc. on the fly

Blitzkrieg Video clip

Maginot Line Series of fortifications, tunnels, forts etc. that was designed and built by the French to buy time for mobilization in the event of German attack. Series of fortifications, tunnels, forts etc. that was designed and built by the French to buy time for mobilization in the event of German attack.

Maginot Line The French did not extend the line of defense to the Ardennes Forest The French did not extend the line of defense to the Ardennes Forest They thought that it was so dense that no army would be able to move through it This is where the Germans attacked

American Isolationism The American Public was very hesitant to become involved in the conflict in Europe The American Public was very hesitant to become involved in the conflict in Europe Neutrality Acts (1935) forbid the sale of arms and munitions to warring countries Neutrality Acts (1935) forbid the sale of arms and munitions to warring countries FDR sent arms to aid China in 1937 and there was a public outcry FDR sent arms to aid China in 1937 and there was a public outcry

Invasion of France Germany Invades France May 10 th 1940 Germany Invades France May 10 th 1940 Paris Falls on June 22 nd 1940 Paris Falls on June 22 nd 1940 Invasion route Though the Ardennes Forest and Belgium into Northern France Avoided Maginot Line

Invasion of France Mussolini and Italian forces also invade southern France in a coordinated attack of the Axis Powers Mussolini and Italian forces also invade southern France in a coordinated attack of the Axis Powers Blitzkrieg was used as a battle tactic Blitzkrieg was used as a battle tactic French had forces concentrated on the Maginot Line and were out of position to mount effective defense French had forces concentrated on the Maginot Line and were out of position to mount effective defense

Invasion of France Attack was well coordinated Attack was well coordinated Rapid advance on 2 Fronts Rapid advance on 2 Fronts Pinned the bulk of French Troops Pinned the bulk of French Troops In the north of France

Miracle of Dunkirk Nazi forces cut off the retreat of the French toward Paris and push those forces to the port of Dunkirk Nazi forces cut off the retreat of the French toward Paris and push those forces to the port of Dunkirk British Navy and Merchant marine evacuated over 350,000 French troops to the British Isles in less than a week British Navy and Merchant marine evacuated over 350,000 French troops to the British Isles in less than a week Video clip

Fall of France Nazi and Italian forces then marched to Paris and occupied the city and the entire country Nazi and Italian forces then marched to Paris and occupied the city and the entire country French leaders evacuated to England and set of the Vicci government (government in exile) French leaders evacuated to England and set of the Vicci government (government in exile)

Occupied France

Lend-Lease Lend Lease Act of 1941 Lend Lease Act of 1941 US to become the arsenal of Democracy Changed our status from Neutral to Non-combatant Provided arms to all nations that were at war with the axis powers Eventually produced $50 billion in war goods Germans began sub warfare on American ships in Atlantic Military escorts for shipping Video clip Video Clip

Battle of Britain Following the occupation of France, Hitler turns to England as his next conquest Following the occupation of France, Hitler turns to England as his next conquest London Blitz used carpet bombing to totally destroy London and Britains industrial capacity Royal air force wins the Battle for London and Hitler decides to let England rot for a while Intends to invade the islands at a later date Invention of Radar helps British win Battle Invention of Radar helps British win Battle Importance of Lend-Lease Importance of Lend-Lease Video clip

Atlantic Charter Churchill and Roosevelt met on USS Augusta - August 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt met on USS Augusta - August 1941 Agreed to fight Nazi tyranny Promote democracy throughout the world Establish freedom of the High Seas All Nations must abandon the use of force to resolve conflict Create a lasting Peace Basically laid the groundwork for the lasting alliance between the 2 countries Basically laid the groundwork for the lasting alliance between the 2 countries

Path to Infamy Relations with Japan deteriorate Relations with Japan deteriorate Oil Embargo Lend-Lease for Chinese Japan leaves League of Nations Japan tries to negotiate peace while planning attack on American Soil

Operation Barbarossa

Nazi Invasion of Soviet Union Hitler violates the Russo-Soviet Non- aggression Pact and invades Russia Hitler violates the Russo-Soviet Non- aggression Pact and invades Russia Hitler wanted the valuable food and oil resources that were available in the Ukraine Hitler wanted the valuable food and oil resources that were available in the Ukraine Video Clip

Russian Retreat Strategic Retreat Strategic Retreat Fought fiercely and then pulled back Had space and distance on their side Created long supply lines for the Nazis Russian resistance fighters sabotage Destroyed anything of use to the Nazis as they retreated *Scorched Earth Policy

Defense of Stalingrad

Russian Stand at Stalingrad Stalin told troops No more retreat Not one step backwards Stalin told troops No more retreat Not one step backwards Soviet Lines held Soviet Lines held

Defense of Moscow and Counterattack Nazi forces reached the outskirts of Moscow Nazi forces reached the outskirts of Moscow Russian forces held Counterattacked in December German forces were weak and exhausted 1200 miles supply lines were unreliable Soviet forces began to slowly push back the Nazi forces The march to Berlin had begun

Russian Counterattack

Nazi Invasion of the Soviet Union Hitler made numerous mistakes here Hitler made numerous mistakes here Claimed he could conquer Russia in 6 weeks Underestimated Russian resolve and fighting skill Underestimated the nastiness of the Russian winter Thought the Russians were weak and stupid Added large nation and its resources to the enemy Overestimates the ability and strength of his own forces this trend continues throughout the remainder of the war Ignores the advice of leading field generals this trend also continues throughout the remainder of the war

Nazi Invasion of the Soviet Union Hitler begins to fire generals that are not successful on the battlefield Hitler begins to fire generals that are not successful on the battlefield This trend continues throughout the remainder of the war Generals eventually withhold battle information and he begins to make decisions on incomplete data Experienced Generals are replaced by rookies that make unnecessary mistakes

The Day that will live in Infamy Video Clip

Pearl Harbor December 7 th, 1941 Japanese surprise attack on the naval forces located in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii December 7 th, 1941 Japanese surprise attack on the naval forces located in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 19 ships, damaged or sunk 19 ships, damaged or sunk 3,088 Americans killed in the attack 3,088 Americans killed in the attack

Japanese Plan of Attack Surprise attack Surprise attack Coordinated attack from air (6 aircraft carriers) and submarines (3-7 mini-subs) Coordinated attack from air (6 aircraft carriers) and submarines (3-7 mini-subs) Planned to Attack in 3 waves Prevent ships from leaving harbor Battleship Row Destroy military facilities Destroy repair facilities and fuel storage

Japanese plan of attack Japanese pilots were able to practice for months on almost identical island in Japan Japanese pilots were able to practice for months on almost identical island in Japan Main target was aircraft carriers, but they were out of Pearl Harbor on maneuvers Main target was aircraft carriers, but they were out of Pearl Harbor on maneuvers Battleships were lined up for maintenance and supplies in a series of docks Battleships were lined up for maintenance and supplies in a series of docks Large in-flight of US planes from carriers confused radar operators about attack Large in-flight of US planes from carriers confused radar operators about attack

The Attack Begins Complete surprise Complete surprise Most troops were either in church or at reveille All military installations were attacked simultaneously US troops took significant time to mount a defense of the island Japanese thought that the American Public would not support a war if we sustained heavy losses Underestimated American resolve Video clip

1 st Wave Tora, Tora Tora roughly translated, means total strategic surprise Tora, Tora Tora roughly translated, means total strategic surprise 7:55 AM Radar picked up in-flight of planes from the north, but it was ignored 7:55 AM Radar picked up in-flight of planes from the north, but it was ignored Attack began at approximately 8:05AM at multiple locations Attack began at approximately 8:05AM at multiple locations Series of blunders and coincidences led to heightened confusion and stall the defense of the island Series of blunders and coincidences led to heightened confusion and stall the defense of the island

The Second Wave Chaos reigns during the hours after attack Chaos reigns during the hours after attack Fear that the Japanese would launch ground attack Fear that the Japanese would launch ground attack Island very vulnerable High probability of success Third Wave called off by admiral Yamamoto because he could not locate American Aircraft carriers Third Wave called off by admiral Yamamoto because he could not locate American Aircraft carriers Huge mistake by the Japanese Military

Attack Aftermath Martial Law Martial Law Rule by the military Retaliation against Japanese who lived and worked on the Island Retaliation against Japanese who lived and worked on the Island Salvage and search and rescue operations begin Salvage and search and rescue operations begin Preparations for the defense against ground attack Preparations for the defense against ground attack

Aftermath of the attack at Pearl Harbor

Losses at Pearl Harbor 19 Ships including the Arizona and the Oklahoma 19 Ships including the Arizona and the Oklahoma 14 of those ships were recovered and repaired and fought in the war 92 naval aircraft and 96 Army aircraft were lost 200+ were damaged 92 naval aircraft and 96 Army aircraft were lost 200+ were damaged 2388 men killed, 1778 wounded 2388 men killed, 1778 wounded Japanese lost only 29 planes Japanese lost only 29 planes

War comes to America 5 million volunteered to serve in armed forces 5 million volunteered to serve in armed forces 10 million were drafted 10 million were drafted 8 week basic training and were then declared ready to fight Video clip

War comes to America 250,000 women serve in the armed forces 250,000 women serve in the armed forces Pilots Nurses Mechanics Trainers Non combat deployment Women also work in factories by the thousands to produce war goods Women also work in factories by the thousands to produce war goods

War comes to America War production was tremendous War production was tremendous 800 million tons of merchant shipping 1500 Liberty Ships 60,000 tanks 60,000 tanks 45,000 planes 45,000 planes 20,000 artillery pieces 20,000 artillery pieces Millions of tons of ammunition Millions of tons of ammunition

America Mobilizes for War Retooling - switching from civilian production to war production Retooling - switching from civilian production to war production Retrain workers for new and different jobs Retrain workers for new and different jobs Video Clip

America mobilizes for war Victory Gardens citizens were encouraged to grow food to support the war effort Victory Gardens citizens were encouraged to grow food to support the war effort Rationing From gas to wheat, Americans were forced to do with less Rationing From gas to wheat, Americans were forced to do with less Rationing books Americans were encouraged to do without to support the troops Americans were encouraged to do without to support the troops

Propaganda The spreading of ideas, information or rumor to promote a cause or to detract from an enemy The spreading of ideas, information or rumor to promote a cause or to detract from an enemy Dorie Miller Hero of Pearl Harbor

Financing the War War Bonds - $185 billion was raised by the public purchasing war bonds War Bonds - $185 billion was raised by the public purchasing war bonds Fed Govt instituted Federal income taxes and for the 1 st time made weekly deductions from employee paychecks Fed Govt instituted Federal income taxes and for the 1 st time made weekly deductions from employee paychecks

Technological Advances Congress created the OSRD Office of Scientific Research and Development Congress created the OSRD Office of Scientific Research and Development Overseers of programs that developed the following Radar locate enemy planes and bombers Sonar locate submarines Penicillin Fight against battlefield infections Manhattan Project Atomic Bomb Video Clip

Internment Camps Thousands of Japanese Americans were transferred to internment camps in the American West Thousands of Japanese Americans were transferred to internment camps in the American West Fear of sabotage, and espionage Families were moved Families were moved Property was confiscated without compensation Property was confiscated without compensation Only proof was country of origin Only proof was country of origin

Internment Camps

Europe First Strategy Churchill and Roosevelt met and decided that Hitler was the biggest threat Churchill and Roosevelt met and decided that Hitler was the biggest threat Agreed to defeat him first and then redeploy troops to the pacific to defeat Japan Video Clip

Reasons for Europe First Pacific fleet was heavily damaged Pacific fleet was heavily damaged All potential US Allies in the pacific were at war in Europe All potential US Allies in the pacific were at war in Europe Space Space War infrastructure was already in place in Europe War infrastructure was already in place in Europe Necessity of training and material for numerous amphibious assaults Necessity of training and material for numerous amphibious assaults

Battle of the Atlantic The Allies must first open shipping lanes to Europe The Allies must first open shipping lanes to Europe British break the German Code that allowed the allies to anticipate German U- boat attacks British break the German Code that allowed the allies to anticipate German U- boat attacks Allowed for buildup for invasion of Europe Allowed for buildup for invasion of Europe Video Clip

Battle of Midway 1 st Naval battle where the enemy fleets never saw each other 1 st Naval battle where the enemy fleets never saw each other Important in that it bought time and severely injured Japanese naval and air strength Important in that it bought time and severely injured Japanese naval and air strength Prevented the Japanese from having land-based airfields to attack Hawaii Prevented the Japanese from having land-based airfields to attack Hawaii Video Clip

Losses at Midway Japan Japan 4 modern aircraft carriers 2 heavy cruisers 3 destroyers Numerous other damaged ships US US 1 carrier - Yorktown 1 heavy destroyer

Preparation for Invasion of Europe Troop Troop buildup and training Massive transport of material from US to Europe Choice of a sight Selection of strategy Preparation of the public Misinformation campaigns Propaganda

War in Africa American and British troops defeat Rommels Africa Corps in Tunisia American and British troops defeat Rommels Africa Corps in Tunisia Pincer movement made Rommel fight on 2 fronts Rommel fleas back to Germany and his Army surrenders to the Allies

Invasion of Fortress Europe Massive Scale of the attack Massive Scale of the attack 176,000 Troops 5,000 Ships Thousands of Planes Five Main Beaches Five Main Beaches Utah (US) Omaha (US) Juno (Canada) Sword (Britain) Gold (Britain)

War in Italy Benito Mussolini was overthrown by the Italian People, but it took 18 months to drive axis forces out of Italy Benito Mussolini was overthrown by the Italian People, but it took 18 months to drive axis forces out of Italy Pattons 3 rd Army Pattons 3 rd Army Video Clip

War in the Pacific Island Hopping Island Hopping Every island took an amphibious assault that lead to high casualties Every island took an amphibious assault that lead to high casualties Each victory allowed planes to get closer to the island of Japan Each victory allowed planes to get closer to the island of Japan Very slow process Very slow process

Island Hopping Use air power to cut supply lines Use air power to cut supply lines Move slowly closer to Japanese homeland Move slowly closer to Japanese homeland Soften-up heavily defended island with repeated air strikes Soften-up heavily defended island with repeated air strikes

Code Talkers Created nearly unbreakable code for secure battlefield communications Created nearly unbreakable code for secure battlefield communications Gave US tremendous advantage over Japanese in the ability to communicate freely on open radio channels. Gave US tremendous advantage over Japanese in the ability to communicate freely on open radio channels.

Battle of the Bulge Last German offensive of the War Last German offensive of the War Last ditch effort to stop the Allied advance on the Western Front Soviets enter Germany from the east and race towards Berlin Video Clip

Holocaust The systematic extermination of Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, mentally ill and homosexuals. The systematic extermination of Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, mentally ill and homosexuals. Policy based on prejudice and hate of Hitler for these groups Policy based on prejudice and hate of Hitler for these groups Master Race

Victory in Europe May 7 th, 1945 V-E Day May 7 th, 1945 V-E Day Russians capture Berlin German high command surrenders Hitler commits suicide German concentration camps are liberated German concentration camps are liberated Evidence of genocide, torture and medical experiments found at the camps. Video Clip

Iwo Jima and Okinawa Islands were necessary to mount invasion of the Japanese home islands Islands were necessary to mount invasion of the Japanese home islands High civilian casualties (up to 100,000) Suicidal defense of the island

IWO JIMA

Kamikazes The divine wind. The divine wind. Only honor in battle was victory or death Only honor in battle was victory or death Way of life Way of life Religious in nature Religious in nature

Manhattan Project Japan refused to surrender despite tremendous losses in fire bombing raids and at Okinawa and Iwo Jima Japan refused to surrender despite tremendous losses in fire bombing raids and at Okinawa and Iwo Jima Expected losses to the allies from a full scale invasion of the island of Japan were in the 100,000s Expected losses to the allies from a full scale invasion of the island of Japan were in the 100,000s

The Atom Bomb Enola Gay was the plane that dropped 1 st A-bomb (Little Boy) over Hiroshima Enola Gay was the plane that dropped 1 st A-bomb (Little Boy) over Hiroshima 3 days later (Fat Man) was dropped over Nagasaki 3 days later (Fat Man) was dropped over Nagasaki 100,000 plus were killed in the attack or died due to radiation following the attack 100,000 plus were killed in the attack or died due to radiation following the attack

The Atomic Bomb

Japan Surrenders Japan surrenders on Sept.2 nd 1945 on board the USS Missouri that was anchored in Tokyo Bay Japan surrenders on Sept.2 nd 1945 on board the USS Missouri that was anchored in Tokyo Bay Surrender was unconditional Surrender was unconditional

After the War 50 million dead from the war 50 million dead from the war 300,000 US military deaths 300,000 US military deaths 11 million dead from ethnic cleansing (Holocaust and Russian purges) 11 million dead from ethnic cleansing (Holocaust and Russian purges)

Marshall Plan Series of aid programs that were aimed to help rebuild both Europe and Southeast Asia Series of aid programs that were aimed to help rebuild both Europe and Southeast Asia Programs focused on humanitarian aid and rebuilding infrastructure Financed through taxes and long term loans to countries involved Tried to avoid the problems that followed WWI and allowed the rise of Hitler Tried to avoid the problems that followed WWI and allowed the rise of Hitler

New World Yalta and Potsdam Conferences - meetings by the Allies at the end of the war that shaped how the world would look and be administered following the war Yalta and Potsdam Conferences - meetings by the Allies at the end of the war that shaped how the world would look and be administered following the war Germany divided into 4 zones Britain, France, US and USSR all separately administered these zones Germany divided into 4 zones Britain, France, US and USSR all separately administered these zones Helped lead to the Cold War Helped lead to the Cold War Mistrust and deception between the Allies Mistrust and deception between the Allies New Alliances were created NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact New Alliances were created NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact Creation of the United Nations to deal with disputes and distribute aid. Creation of the United Nations to deal with disputes and distribute aid.

Occupation of Germany

Japanese Occupation General Douglas MacArthur lead the occupation force General Douglas MacArthur lead the occupation force Force economic reform Womens suffrage Government reforms Laid the groundwork for one of the most powerful economic expansions in world history Laid the groundwork for one of the most powerful economic expansions in world history

MacArthur and Hirohito

Nuremburg Trials 1 st time that world leaders were held accountable for their actions during wartime 1 st time that world leaders were held accountable for their actions during wartime Many Nazi leaders and Japanese leaders were tried and convicted by the world court Some were executed Most were imprisoned Hideki Tojo at War Crimes Trial He was later executed

world war ii us history paul dunn instructor – 2005

Documents

war photo slide

pact slide

germany germany

world war

war aftermath

war adolf hitler adolf

event of war hitler

war map