World War II

Benito Mussolini • Organized fascist groups in Italy • King named him Prime Minister in 1922 • He and the Blackshirts outlawed elections and established a dictatorship

Italy Wants Land

Ethiopia

Adolf Hitler

Timeline for Hitler’s War •  1936

– Germans take the Rhineland, violation of the Treaty of Versailles

– Germans join with Italians, and later joined by Japan, to the Axis Powers

•  1938 – German troops marched into Austria

and annexed it

Hitler and Mussolini

Hitler informs jubilant Nazi deputies in the Reichstag that Germany has annexed Austria, 1938

The Munich Conference •  Later in 1938, Hitler

demanded the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia full of Germans

•  Britain & France followed a policy of appeasement

•  March 1939 – Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia

In the Munich Conference, Britain and France

a.  Told Hitler they would declare war if he invaded Poland.

b.  Gave in to Hitlers demands for the Sudetenland.

c.   Allowed Czechoslovakia to become a German protectorate.

d.  Told Hitler that they would declare war if he invaded Czechoslovakia.

Hitler and

Neville Chamberlain

Nazi-Soviet Pact Germans & Soviets signed an agreement that

would come to each other’s aid and share Poland

Joseph Stalin

America’s Neutrality •  Americans

wish to remain neutral

•  Neutrality Act (1935) – prohibited the sale of weapons to warring nations

Timeline for Hitler’s War • March 1939

– British & France agree to protect Poland in case of attack

•  September 1, 1939 – Germany attacks Poland

•  September 3, 1939 – Britain & France declare war on

Germany

Blitzkrieg – “Lightning War” • April 1940

– Germans attack Denmark & Norway • May 1940

– German troops marched around the Maginot Line and take Belgium, the Netherlands, and France

Maginot Line

German Troops March Into Paris

During the 1930s, Hitler, Mussolini, and the military leaders of Japan

a.  Organized the League of Nations. b. Began invading neighboring

lands. c.   Bolstered national pride by

calling for free elections. d. Had a monopoly on world trade.

Two causes of the rise of dictatorships after World War I were:

a.  New political ideas and economic depression.

b.  The Versailles treaty and economic depression.

c.   New political ideas and lack of strong leadership after the war.

d.  The Versailles treaty and lack of strong leadership after the war.

During the early years of World War II, the United States

a.  Tried to remain neutral while supplying weapons to Britain and France.

b.  Organized several peace talks between the Allies and the Axis powers.

c.   Sent military and economic aid to all nations at war.

d.  Stopped trading with all nations at war.

June 22, 1940 Paris Was Forced to Surrender

• Germany took control of northern France Vichy France-a puppet government in Southern France

Hitler’s Trip to Paris

The Battle of Britain, aka “The Blitz”

•  German bombing of England that lasted from September 1940 until May 1941 •  British people inspired by Winston Churchill to stand strong against the Germans •  Called off by Hitler to begin preparations for the attack of Russia •  The United States reacts by offering to trade naval

bases in the Caribbean for naval destroyers

With these words, American poet Archibald MacLeish honored a journalist famous for his live reports of the Blitz and whose work became the standard for broadcast journalism: “You burned the city of London in our houses and we felt the flames that burned it. You laid the dead of London at our doors and we knew that the dead were our dead.” Who was the journalist? a. Walter Cronkite b. Norman Rockwell c. Edward R. Murrow d. Orson Welles

How did the U.S. government respond to the 1940 Battle of Britain?

a.  By passing stricter neutrality legislation

b.  By declaring war on Germany c.   By approving atomic bomb

development d.  By trading destroyers for Caribbean

naval bases

Operation Barbarossa •  Germany invaded the Soviet

Union in June 1941 •  In response, the Soviets adopted a

scorched-earth policy

The siege of Leningrad lasted for a total of 872 days, from September

8, 1941 until January 27, 1944.

LEND-LEASE ACT – March 11, 1941 authorized the president to send aid to any nation whose defense was considered vital to America’s

national security

Hideki Tojo Japanese military

officer that became prime minister

1931 - Japan invades Manchuria 1937 – Japan takes much of Eastern China 1940 – Japan advanced into French Indochina & Dutch East Indies 12/7/1941 – Japanese attack Pearl Harbor 12/11/1941 – Germany & Italy Declare war on U.S. **Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

December 7, 1941

Which event was most significant in the U.S. decision to enter World War II?

a.  The attack on Pearl Harbor b. The news of the Holocaust c.   The Red Scare d. The Great Depression

Exit Slip 4/7/2016

1.  List three things that really interest you about World War II.

2.  List two things you would like to know more about.

3.  List one big idea from today (a theme or a large concept).

Turning Points of the War •  El Alamein – Rommel, trapped, surrendered

in May 1943 •  Invasion of Italy – weakened Hitler by

causing him to fight on another front •  Battle of Stalingrad – Germans were

trapped & forced to surrender early 1943 •  Normandy – June 6, 1944, Allies launch an

offensive into France (in Paris, 8/25)

The D-Day Invasion – Normady, France June 6, 1944

Mussolini and his mistress

Battle of the Bulge •  Allies advanced and were trapped in

Belgium in December 1944 •  Marked Hitler’s last success •  Germany was being bombed

constantly & Hitler was losing support

•  Late April 1945, Allies & Soviets met at the Elbe River

American and Soviet troops make a friendly meeting east of

the Elbe River in 1945.

German Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel surrenders at Soviet headquarters in Berlin, May 7, 1945.

V-E Day

War in the Pacific •  Battles of the Coral Sea – battle carried out

exclusively by aircraft, prevented the invasion of Australia

•  Midway – weakened Japan’s navy, stopped advance toward Hawaii, & put Japan on the defense

•  Battle of Guadalcanal – MacArthur, commander; beginning of “island-hopping” campaign

•  Iwo Jima & Okinawa – major battles that had cost many lives & proved that Japanese would fight to the death

Mt. Surabachi

Thousands of Men Died to Raise This Flag

The combined efforts of Mike Strank of Czechoslovakia, Harlon Block of Texas, Franklin Sousley of Kentucky, Ira Hayes of Arizona, Rene Gagnon of New Hampshire, John Bradley of Wisconsin raised this U. S. flag on the island of Iwo Jima on March 21, 1945.

President Harry S. Truman

Arguments for and Against the Bomb

FOR AGAINST

Fat Man Dropped

August 9, 1945 On Nagasaki, Japan

Little Boy Dropped

August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima, Japan

August 9, 1945: A U.S. plane drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city

of Nagasaki.

Nagasaki two days before the bombing

Nagasaki three days after the bombing

September 2, 1945 Japan signs

surrender on the U.S.S.

Missouri

The Final

Solution

Herschel Grynszpan

killed a German diplomat

November 7, 1938

Kristallnacht

SS St. Louis

War Crimes Trial at Nuremburg

Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels

Minister Joseph Geobbels

Adolf Eichmann

Henrich Himmler inspects the camps

Execution of Jews in Poland

The Camps

Auschwitz Concentration/ Extermination Oswiecim, Poland (near Krakow) 1,100,000

Belzec Extermination Belzec, Poland 600,000

Bergen-Belsen Concentration near Hanover, Germany 35,000

Chelmno Extermination Chelmno, Poland 320,000

Dachau Concentration Dachau, Germany (near Munich) 32,000

Gross-Rosen Concentration near Wroclaw, Poland 40,000

Koldichevo Concentration Baranovichi, Belarus 22,000

Majdanek Concentration/ Extermination Lublin, Poland 360,000

Mauthausen Concentration Mauthausen, Austria (near Linz) 120,000

Natzweiler/Struthof Concentration Natzweiler, France (near Strasbourg) 12,000

Neuengamme Concentration Hamburg, Germany 56,000

Plaszow Concentration Krakow, Poland 8,000

Sobibor Extermination Sobibor, Poland (near Lublin) 250,000

Stutthof Concentration near Danzig, Poland 65,000

Theresienstadt Concentration Terezin, Czech Republic (near Prague) 33,000

Major Nazi Death Camps

Inside The

Barracks

Auschwitz Gas

Chamber Door

The furnace house at Auschwitz

Execution of German Guards after liberation

Citizens were forced to see the camps

What We Found

Reviewing remains

outside the furnace

at Dachau

Hair ready for shipment to make clothing

One of the shrunken heads

at Auschwitz