World War I

War to end all wars

1914 – 1918

World War I

• Began on July 28, 1914

• Ended on November 11, 1918

• United States joined in April 1917

Causes of WWI – MANIA

• Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war

• Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another

• Nationalism – extreme pride or loyalty in one’s country

• Imperialism – when a stronger country takes over a weaker country economically and politically.

• Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Militarism

Country 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenses

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%

Alliances

Triple Alliance Triple Entente

Nationalism• Pride or loyalty to one’s nation

• At the Congress of Vienna in 1815 nationalism was ignored in favor of preserving the peace.

• Germany and Italy were left as divided states, but strong nationalist movements and revolutions led to the independence of Italy in 1861 and Germany in 1871.

• France lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany, and regaining it was a major goal of the French.

• Nationalism was a problem for Austria-Hungary and the Balkans, areas of many conflicting national groups.

Imperialism

• Control of influence a stronger country has over a weaker country.

• Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets and raw materials after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution

• These countries also competed for Africa

• In the Middle East, the crumbling Ottoman Empire was wanted by Austria-Hungary, the Balkans, and Russia.

European Conquest of

Africa

The“Spark”

Assassination

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

http://www.loyno.edu/~seduffy/MapImages/Austria-Hungary1867-display.jpg

Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

was killed in Bosnia by a

Serbian nationalist

group called the Black Hand who believed that Bosnia

should belong to Serbia.

Domino Effect

• Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.

• Germany pledged their support for Austria-Hungary.

• Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

Domino Effect

• Germany declares war on Russia

• France pledges their support for Russia

• Germany declares war on France

• Germany invades Belgium on the way to France

• Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany

War World I

Central Powers

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Italy

Allied Powers

Great Britain

France

Russia

United States and WWI

• President Woodrow Wilson tried to keep us out of WWI and we were a neutral country at the beginning of the war.

• Sinking of the “Lusitania” in 1915

• In 1917, Germany began unrestricted warfare in waters around Britain – meaning they would sink any ship even ones from neutral countries

• Germany tried to get Mexico to side with Germany and against the United States

• April 6, 1917 the United States declared war on Germany

New weapons used in WWI

• Machine gun

• Poison gas

• Submarine

• Airplane

• Tank

• Why these weapons? Why now?

• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history/videos/the-christmas-truce?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/battle-of-the-somme

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/battle-of-the-somme/videos/the-us-in-world-war-i?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_zUKDjj_2U

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history/videos/u-boats-sink-the-lusitania-in-1915?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/battle-of-the-somme/videos/world-war-i-global-connections?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

Why was WWI a Stalemate?

• What is a stalemate?• Neither side can make a move to

win

• Machine gun. How did this change war? How was it fought before?

• Trench Warfare = “solution”

• Millions die without gaining ground.

What were the results?

• Germany surrendered

• Allies impose Treaty of Versailles• Declares Germany guilty for war• Germany must pay reparations to Allies

• This sets the stage for WWII!

• League of Nations formed to try to prevent war in the future

Casualties

• Total troops dead - 8,556,315

• Total troops mobilized - 65,038,810

• Total troops wounded - 21,219,452

• Total missing or POWs - 7,750,945