world war i strategies and stalemate pan-slavism: the balkans, 1914 the “powder keg” of europe
TRANSCRIPT
World War I
Strategies and Stalemate
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The
“Spark”
The
“Spark”
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: The Assassin:
GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip
Causesof theWar
Causesof theWar
1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System
Triple Entente:Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:Triple Alliance:
2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
4. Aggressive Nationalism
4. Aggressive Nationalism
The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II [Rus]
Nicholas II [Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Central Powers:Central Powers:
Enver Pasha[Turkey]
Enver Pasha[Turkey]
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
German Atrocities in Belgium
German Atrocities in Belgium
Recruits of the Central PowersRecruits of the Central Powers
Austro-Hungarians
Austro-Hungarians
A German Soldier Says
Farewell to His Mother
A German Soldier Says
Farewell to His Mother
New French RecruitsNew French Recruits
Russian Women Soldiers
Russian Women Soldiers
SpiesSpies
e “Mata Hari”
e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide
Zelle
e German Spy!
e “Mata Hari”
e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide
Zelle
e German Spy!
Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
Advantages:
Allies- held superior numbers, financial resources, and command of the sea.
Central Powers- possessed internal communication lines and attacked first.
Germany:Schlieffen Plan- attack France by way of Belgium, conquer France quickly, then focus on Russia.
France:Courage and spirit could not defeat machine guns and heavy artillery.
Schlieffen Plan fails, as the French are a much more difficult opponent.
Britain:The British enter the war after the invasion of Belgium, a neutral country.
Introduce the armored tank into battles.
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
Trench Warfare.
A new type of war, fought by digging trenches, positioning artillery, barbed wire, land mines over an area.
Millions lost their lives fighting this way.
Battle of Somme- 1 million die.
War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!
Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War
Russia:
Battle of Tannenberg- Russian army captured/ destroyed by Germany.
60,000 casualties, 90,000 POWs.
New Allies:Bulgaria and Turkey join the Central Powers.
Italy joined the Allies, but dropped out. Romania joined the Allies.
A New Strategy:Winston Churchill proposed to go around the Western front and attack the Dardanelles and knock Turkey and Bulgaria out of the war.
Failed
Battle of Verdun
Germany attempted to inflict heavy French casualties and occupy forces.
Failed
War at Sea
Unrestricted submarine warfare by German U-boats.
Sank the Lusitania, killing 1200 and 128 Americans.
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sinking of the Lusitania
U.S. enters the War
Why?
German Unrestricted Submarine warfare
Zimmerman Note- telegram from German official to Mexico, promising German aid to win back Texas and SW U.S.
The Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram
The YanksAre
Coming!
The YanksAre
Coming!
Americans in the Trenches
Americans in the Trenches
New Technologies
British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres
French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
U-BoatsU-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The AirplaneThe Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
FlameThrowers
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchersGrenade
Launchers
Introduction of Poison Gas…
Machine Gun
Machine Gun
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Turkish Genocide Against ArmeniansDistricts & Vilayets of
Western Armenia in Turkey 1914 1922
Erzerum 215,000 1,500
Van 197,000 500
Kharbert 204,000 35,000
Diarbekir 124,000 3,000
Bitlis 220,000 56,000
Sivas 225,000 16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia 371,800 27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria 309,000 70,000
European Turkey 194,000 163,000
Trapizond District 73,390 15,000
Total2,133,19
0387,800
World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS