world war i causes militarism – building military w/willingness to use it. alliances - centuries...
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World War I
CausesMilitarism – Building Military w/willingness to use it.
Alliances - Centuries old practice of inter-marrying.
Imperialism – Competition for resources of the world.
Nationalism – Pride in country or self-determination
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Austria vs. Serbia
• Serbia was takeover target of Austria and once was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire.
• On Serbian Independence Day Archduke Ferdinand visits Sarajevo, Bosnia.
• Assassinated by rebel group – Black Hand.
• War becomes imminent.
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World War I Begins 1914
• War had engulfed Europe
• Triple Entente – France, England, Russia
• Central Powers – Germany, Austria- Hungary & Italy
• US sought to stay neutral. Trade with both sides continues, but President Wilson keeps us out of the war.
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The United States Enters World War I - 1917
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Trade with Europe
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American Neutrality is Hotly Debated.
Why?• Wilson wanted trade to prosper but our economic ties to
Allies was strong.
• Immigrants in US had strong ties to their homelands.
• Socialists opposed German vs. American “Imperialist” struggle over resources.
• Conscientious Objectors – morally wrong.
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Germany Attacks
• “Schlieffin Plan” – Hold Russia • Hit Belgium & France & take French ports to cut supply lines
• Turn attention to Russia.
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British Blockade & Germans Torpedo
• German U-boats sink any and all ships that could re-supply Allies.
• 1915 - ’16 – 3 ships sunk and Americans die…Lusitania.
• Wilson begins campaign for war after he’s re-elected in 1916.
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• Zimmerman Note
• American response
• Congress votes for WAR – Enter it - 1917
• Gen. Pershing
• “War to end all wars”
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Planning & Propaganda
• War Industries Board manages resources.
• Committee on Public Information manages nation’s opinion about the war.
• Espionage & Sedition Acts prevents disloyalty or obstructing the war effort.
• War Bonds sold to public financed the war.
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America Turns the Tide
• Millions of fresh American soldiers help wear down the Central Powers – Allies win.
• Germans blamed for the war & Europe wants revenge for starting it.
• Wilson welcomed as a hero & has a plan for world peace at Treaty of Versailles.
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Wilson’s Work for Peace
“Fourteen Points” Proposal
1st 5 Points addressed War’s Causes (MAIN)
Militarism – Arms buildupsAlliances - Secret TreatiesImperialism – Colonies Nationalism- Self DeterminationTariffs & Free Trade promotes goodwill
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Wilson’s Work for Peace
“Fourteen Points” Proposal
Next 8 Points
Boundary Changes for countries that helped Allies
Arab Nations, Poland, Slavic Areas
14th Point – Wilson’s Dream
League of Nations
US Congress never ratifies membership
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Real Treaty of Versailles
• Forced Germany to accept war guilt.
• Forced Germany to pay everybody war damages - $33 Million.
• Created 9 new nations in Eastern Europe
• Ignored Russia’s Interests • Harsh treatment of Germany sets stage for WWII