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Slide 2 WORLD WAR I (1914-1918) Slide 3 Britain threatened by Germanys industrial success Germany felt disrespected by rest of Europe France had old grudge against Germany Russia felt they had to prove themselves to Europe Germany builds huge military so other European nations do too= competition GROWING RIVALRIES Slide 4 4 Main Factors led to WWI in Europe: Militarism Alliance System Imperialism Nationalism THE M.A.I.N CAUSES OF WWI Slide 5 Militarism policy of building up, glorifying military; belief that only way to guarantee peace is to prepare for war Arms race: Countries wanted to prove they had the best military; competition for best weapons Reliance on military strength and building up military size MILITARISM Here comes the BOOM! Slide 6 Alliance System promises between nations to support each other in case of war Meant that if two nations fought, all of Europe would get involved Mutual defense treaties placed European countries into 2 main groups: Triple Alliance Triple Entente ALLIANCES Slide 7 Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Triple Entente Great Britain France Russia MILITARY ALLIANCES Slide 8 Imperialism policy of taking over places and making them into colonies Colonies were exploited for raw materials & to aid in industrialization France & Britain colonized most of the world Germany tried gain colonies, which threatened France & Britain Territorial rivalries: France wanted Alsace Lorraine from Germany Russia wanted ice-free harbors IMPERIALISM Slide 9 Nationalism: cultural identity based on common language, religion, and national symbols Germany proud of economic & military strength Russia= Pan- Slavism Russia+Serbia French wanted Alsace- Lorraine back Austria-Hungary feared rebellions NATIONALISM Slide 10 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was visiting Bosnia He was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary This was an area Serbia wanted to join 1914, he was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist THE SPARK: ASSASSINATION LEADS TO WAR!!! Slide 11 Ottoman Empire (Turkey) disbanded & independent nations supported by Russia Alliance system pulled nations into conflict one by one If a nation had sworn to protect another, it had to declare war on that nations enemies CHAIN REACTION Slide 12 Ferdinand assassinated Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia mobilized for war Germany declared war on Russia & France (ally) Great Britain aided France & declared war on Germany Germany thinks France will help Russia, so they launch the Schlieffen Plan SPECIFIC CAUSE Slide 13 STRATEGY & TECHNOLOGY Slide 14 German plan to quickly defeat France, then focus on Russia Plan= to take neutral Belgium before Great Britain could mobilize Russian Army mobilizes quicker than expected German retreat Plan fails, leads to stalemate & trench warfare on Western Front SCHLIEFFEN PLAN FAIL! Slide 15 Kind of combat on the Western Front Huge number of deaths, very little movement Defense was best strategy Conditions in trenches were terrible Trenches were wet, muddy, cold, and damp, with disease, lice, trench foot, and rats, as well as shell shock TRENCH WARFARE Slide 16 TRENCH PARTS http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/a nimations/wwone_movies/index_embed.sht ml Slide 17 Slide 18 Modern weapons=High casualties Germans then Allies used poison gas, tanks, airplanes, & modern submarines Germany used zeppelins & airplanes w/ machine guns Flying Aces pilots= dog fights in the sky German used U-boat submarines to damage trade & shipping WEAPONS & TECHNOLOGY Slide 19 NEW WEAPONS PLAYED A BIG ROLE IN WAR Slide 20 Germany mobilized 13 million soldiers Russia 12 million Britain 9 million France 8.5 million Austria 8 million 1 in 4 soldiers were killed, even more wounded, lost limbs, vision, mental health, etc THE GREAT WAR Slide 21 British navy blockaded Germany In response, Germany practiced unrestricted submarine warfare This angered many Americans, especially after Germans sank the Lusitania which killed some Americans US ENTRY Slide 22 To keep the US from entering, Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the US This was called the Zimmerman Telegram The US intercepted it, declares war on Germany Both sides used propaganda to control public opinion US ENTRY Slide 23 Women stepped in to fill the jobs previously held by me who were now off at war Many women served in military as nurses Womens strength during war time helped them to achieve voting rights after WWI ROLE OF WOMEN Slide 24 After US entry (1917), Germany & Austria- Hungary are quickly defeated President Wilson issues Fourteen Points, his terms for resolving WWI & future wars Armistice= cease-fire issued & signed agree to stop fighting Treaty of Versailles ends WWI War ends on Nov. 11 1918 The Treaty says that Germany: Must disarm its military Must give up land Must pay back money to winning countries END OF THE WAR