world of jewish prayers - tefilah.org

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www.tefilah.org www.tehillim.org.il Beni Gesundheit [email protected] ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื”Studying Tefilah ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชWorld of Jewish Prayers ืจึธ ื–ึธ ืขึฐ ืœึถ ื™ ืึผ ื‘ึท ืจ ืจึท ืžึธ ื: ืœึฝ ืœึท ืคึฐ ืชึผ ื™ึฐ ืšึธ ืจ ื›ึท ื—ึท ืึฐ ื•ึน ืชื•ึธ ืœึผ ืคึฐ ื ืชึธ ื“ึธ ื™ืจ ืึผ ื“ึฐ ืกึท ื ื™ึธ ืœึน ืขื•ึฐ ืœ( ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœ" ื” ืข" ื) Rabbi Elazar said: A person should always arrange his prayer in his mind and only then pray. Rabbi Jay & Ilana Kelman

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Page 1: World of Jewish Prayers - tefilah.org

www.tefilah.org

www.tehillim.org.ilBeni Gesundheit

[email protected]

ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื”Studying Tefilah

ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชWorld of Jewish Prayers

ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืœ: ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืœ ืชืค ืš ื™ ืชื• ื•ืื—ืจ ื› ืœ ืค ื™ืจ ืื“ื ืช (ื"ื” ืข"ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœ)ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืกื“ Rabbi Elazar said: A person should always arrange his prayer in his mind and only then pray.

Rabbi Jay & Ilana Kelman

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Musaf Rosh Hashanaืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”

โ€ข Historical Overview of Musaf for RH

โ€ข Text Analysis: Structure + sources โ†’ Narrative

โ€ข Messages for usโ€ฆืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื”

Studying Tefilah

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Rav Amram Gaon (810-875, Sura) quotes the full text for RH in his Siddur

(responsa for Jews in Barcelona)

Historical Overview

Musaf RH ื”"ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจ

ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชืžืœื›ื• ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืชื•ื–Talmud Yerushalmi & Bavli suggest verses; Midrashim are incorporated

Shofar for RH ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”

ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

BIBLE

MISHNA

TALMUD

ืจืื•ืฉื ื™ืCommentaries and Philosophical analysis

Ismar Elbogen

(1875-1943).

German. Berlin 1913

Jewish Liturgy:

A Comprehensive

History.

โ€œHistory from withinโ€, โ€œcollective memoryโ€โ†’ personal meaning ?

ื” : ื•', ืžืฉื ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื“ ืจ ื” , ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืชืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื—ืชื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉ ืจ ืจ , ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชืžืขืฉ ืจื•ืชื” ืžืขืฉ .ืฉื•ืคMishna Rosh Hashana 4, 6: One does not recite fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Kingship, of Remembrances, or Shofarot.

โ€œFinalโ€ Text in Machzor = ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ" ืกื•ืคื™"ื ื•ืกื—

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BIBLE (Torah) โ€“ Shofar & RH

ื : ื™-ื˜', ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ ื” ื‘ ืž ื‘ืื• ืžืœื— ืจืฆื›ื ืขืœ ื•ื›ื™ ืชืจ ื”ืฆืจืจ ืืชื›ื ื— ื•ื”ืจืขืชืื”ืฆ ืืฆืฆืจืช ื‘ ืจืช ื•ื ื–ื›

ื ืžืื™ื‘ ' ืœืคื ื™ ื” ืขืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื : ื™ื›ืืืœื”ื™ื›ื ื•ื ื•ืฉืืฉ ืžื—ืชื›ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื›ื ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื ืฉ ื“ืฉ ืื•ืชืงืขืช ื™ ื—

ื—ืฆืฆืจืช ืขืœ ืขืœืชื™ื›ื ื•ืขืœ ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืฉ ื™ื• ื‘ ืœืžื™ื›ื ื•ื”ื›ื ืจื•ืŸืœ : ืืœื”ื™ื›ื'ืœืคื ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื›ื ืื ื™ ื”ืœื–ื›

Numbers 10, 9-10: When you go to war in your land against the army who oppresses you, you shall sound an alarm with the trumpets; and you shall be remembered before the Lord your God, and you shall be delivered from your enemies. On the day of your rejoicing, at your appointed times on your New Moons, you shall sound the trumpets over your communal peace offerings; they shall be a remembrance for you before your God, I am the Lord your God.

ืจ ืืœ ื‘ : ื›ื“, ื’"ื•ื™ืงืจื ื› ื‘ ื ื™ ื“ื—ื“ ืืœ ืœืืžืจ ื‘ ืจ ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื“ ืœ ืื— ื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื”ื”ืฉ

ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ ื›ื ืฉ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืช ืœ ืจื•ืขื ืงื“ืฉ :ืžืงืจ

Leviticus 23, 24: Speak to the children of Israel, saying: In the seventh month [Tishrei], on the first day of the month [RH], shall be a day of rest for you, a remembrance by means of an alarm blast, a holy convocation.

ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ : ื, ื˜"ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ ืœ ืื— ื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ ื ื”ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืงืจ

ืœ ื›ื ื› ืžืœืื›ืช ืงื“ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ืช ืขื‘ื“ ืจื•ืข

ื›ื : ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœ

Numbers 29, 1: In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, it shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall not perform any toilsome work; a day of sounding the alarm it shall be for you.

ื”ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช : ื™-ื˜, ื”"ื•ื™ืงืจื ื› ืจื•ืข ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ ืฉื•ืคืจ ืชืค ื™ื•ื ื”ื› ื•ืจ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ ืฉ ืข ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืฉ ืจืจื™ื ืช ืฉื•ืค

ืœ ืืจืฆื›ื ื› ื ืช ื”ื—ืž :ื‘ ื ืืช ืฉ ืช ืฉ ื” ื•ืงื“ ื  ื™ื ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื™ื• ืœ ื™ืฉ ืจืฅ ืœื› ื ืจื•ืจ ื‘ ืืชื ื“ ื›ื ื•ืงืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœ ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืชื–ืชื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืž ื ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืื— ื‘ืช ื‘ื• ื•ืฉ ืฉ ื—ืชื• ืช ืค : ืฉ

Leviticus 25, 9-10: You shall sound an alarm blast of the shofarduring the seventh month, on the tenth day; on the Day of Atonement you shall sound the shofar throughout the land. You shall sanctify the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty in the land for all its inhabitants. It shall be a Jubilee year, when each man shall return to his ancestral property and to his family.

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BIBLE Neviim-Ketuvim

ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื : ื™ื’, ื–"ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื› ื™ื” ื‘ ืงืขื•ื” ืจ ื™ืช ืฉื•ืค ื‘ื“ื•ืœ ื• ื’ ืืจืฅ ืืฉ ืื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ ืื• ื” ื ื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื ื‘ ื“ ืจืฅ ืจ ื•ื”ื 

ื—ื•ื• ืœื” ืช ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉ ื”ืจ ื” ' ืžืฆืจ ืื‘ ืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉ : ืงื“ืฉ ื‘

Isaiah 27, 13: It will be on that day that a great shofar will be sounded and the [Israelites] lost in the land of Assyria and the outcasts [of Israel] in the land of Egypt will come and prostate themselves to the Lord on the holy mountain in Jerusalem.

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MISHNA Rosh Hashana 4, 6 Taanit 2, 3

ื” : ื•', ืžืฉื ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื“ ืจ , ืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืชืž ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื—ืชื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉ ื” ืจ ื” , ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชืžืขืฉ ืจ ืจื•ืชืžืขืฉ .ืฉื•ืค

Mishna Rosh Hashana 4, 6: One does not recite fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Kingship,of Remembrances, or Shofarot.

ืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ : ... ื’', ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืชื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืขืฉ ืจ , ืข ื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ื› ื‘ ืจื” ืฉ ืžื ื” ืขืฉ , ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ: ืฉ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉ , ืฉ

ืจื•ืช, ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ... ื•ืฉื•ืค

Mishna Taanit 2, 3: And he recites twenty-four blessings before the congregation: The eighteen blessings of the everyday Amida prayer, to which he adds another sixblessings, and they are as follows: The special series of blessings recited on Rosh HaShana, the Remembrances and Shofarot; and the sections of Psalms โ€ฆ TALMUD (Yerushalmi + Bavli)

suggest 10 pesukim

MISHNA

โžข Common Experience of Taanit and Rosh Hashana, but RH adds Kingship โ†’ Messages!

ืื“ืืฉืœืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื•,ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจืชืขื ื™ืชื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื›"ื•ื™ื”ื”"ืจื‘ืจื›ื•ืช:ื‘ื”ืŸืฉืžืืจื™ื›ื™ืŸื‘ืจื›ื•ืชืืœื•: ื”, ืื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ื”ื•ืื‘ื•ืจืืื”ื•ืื—"ืชืืื ื™ื›ืจ

Yerushalmi Brachot 1, 5: These are the blessings that are longer than usual: the Blessings of Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur and of the fast days; one can tell who is a Torah scholar from the way he prays these Blessings.

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ืœ ืจ: ื“ ื‘"ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœ ื›ื•ืช ืฉ ืงื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจ ืืฉ ืชื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื› ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื› ื” ื•ืฉ ื  ื. ื”ืฉ ืžืจ ? ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืž ื

ื” ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ืœ :ืจื‘ ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ ืžืจ ื”ืง ื  ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ื” ืคืจื•ืช ืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื› ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช, ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืค ืช ื“ื™ ืฉ

ื ื™ ื–ื› ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชืขืœื™ื›ื ื™ื‘ื ืœืค ื“ื™ ืฉ ื” ื› ืจื•ื ื™ื›ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืจื•ื‘ืž ืฉื•ืค :ื‘

Bavli Rosh Hashana 34b: The shofar blasts andblessings of Rosh HaShana and of Yom Kippur do invalidate one another i.e., if one was omitted, this invalidates the other blasts and blessings. What is the reason that all the blasts and blessings are indispensable on Rosh HaShana? Rabba said that the Holy One, Blessed be He, said: Recite before Me on Rosh HaShana Kingship, Remembrances and Shofarot. Kingship, so that you will crown Me as King over you; Remembrances, so that your remembrance will rise before Me for good. And with what? With the shofar.

ืžื” ืจืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ : ืกืคืจื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš ืขื–ืืœื ? ื•ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืชื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืชืขืœื™ืš ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ื›ื”ื•

ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจืœื• ื•ื‘ืžื” ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื›ื“ื™ ื™ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ' ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืืž

ืืœื”ื™ื ' ืœ ื•ื”"ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ ืชื•ืงืขื• ืช( ื™ื’, ื–"ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›)ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ( ื™ื“', ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื˜)ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื™ืชืงืข

ื”ืชืงื™ืขื” ื™ื•ืฆืื” ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืงื•ืœ ืฉืื•ืŸ ืžืขื™ืจ ื•ืงื•ืœ ืžื”ื™ื›ืœ ( ื•, ื•"ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืก)ืžืฉืœื ื’ืžื•ืœ ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื• ' ืงื•ืœ ื”

Sifre Numbers Behaalotcha 77: Why did the Sages see it fitting to first say Kingship and then Remembrances and Shofarot? So that we first crown God as king and then ask for His compassion so that He will remember us. How? By using the shofar of freedom. The shofar is a symbol of freedom as it says: It will be on that day that a great shofar will be sounded (Isaiah 27, 13)

โžข 3 blessings of ืจื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืค constitute a literary, philosophical (halachic) unit

โžข Different meaning & perspective of Shofar: Bavli โ‰  sources from Eretz Yisrael

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Text Musaf of Rosh Hashana

ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื—ืชื™ืŸ : ื•', ืžืฉื ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื“ื” ืจ ื” , ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืชืžืขืฉ ืจ ื” ืžืขืฉ , ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชืžืขืฉ ืจื•ืชืจ .ืฉื•ืค

Mishna Rosh Hashana 4, 6: One does not recite fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Kingship, or fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Remembrances, or fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Shofarot.

โ†’ Shiur on Aleinu

โ†’ some comments on each Berachaโ†’ Flow and narrative unit of the 3 Berachot

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ืจื•ืช Remembrancesื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชKingshipืžืœื›ื• ื™ื•ืช Shofarotืฉื•ืค

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ืืœ ืจ ืžืข ื™ืฉ ื™ื ื• ื”-ื ' ื”ืฉ ( ื“', ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•)ืื—ื“ ' ืœื”

ื™ื ื• ื”' ื”: "ื™"ืจืฉ ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช , ืœื”ื™ื ื• ืขืชื” ื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช-ืฉื”ื•ื ื' ื”: ืื—ื“' ื ื ื‘ 'ืื—ื“ ืฉื ืืžืจ ' ื” ืงืจื ื›ืœ ืคื” ื‘ืจื• ืจื” ืœ ื™ื ืฉ ืš ืืœ ืขืž ื™ ืื– ืื”ืค ื ื”ื› ื›ื ืื—ื“' ืฉ ' ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ' ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”'ื•ื ืืžืจ (ื˜, ืฆืคื ื™ื” ื’) ื”ื™ื” ื”ืœืžืœืš ืขืœ ื› ื™ ื•ื ื”ื”ื• ื ื™ ืžื• ืื—ื“ื ' ื‘ ' ื—ื“ ื• ืฉ". (ื˜, ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™ื“)

โ†’ Shiur on Aleinu

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ื™ื ื• -ื ืืœื” ื™-ื• ื™ื ื• ืœื” ืืœื› ืขืœืžืœื•ืš ืื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืœ ื”ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื› ืื‘ ืฉ ืœืขืœื•ื”ื  ืจืฅื› ื ืจืš ื” ื™ืง ืขื•ื”ื•ืค ื‘

ื”ื“ืจ ืื•ืŸื‘ ื–ืš ื’ ืœืขืœืข ื‘ื™ื› ...ืืจืฆืš ื‘ืœืช ื™ื•ืฉ

Our God and the God of our forefathers, reign over the entire universe in Your glory; be exalted over all the world in Your splendor, reveal Yourself in the majestic grandeur of Your strength over all the dwellers of Your inhabited worldโ€ฆ

ื™ ืคื ื™ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸื™ื” ืœ ื™ื ื• -ื 'ื”ืž ืืœื” ื™-ื• ื™ื ื• ืœื” ืื‘ื•ืชืฉื• ื‘ืจื—ืžืŸืžืœืš ืช ืืฉ ื™ื ื• ืข ื• ืชืจื— ื™ื ื• ...ืœ ืื‘

ื ื• ื”,ืžืœื› ื‘ื•ื“ื’ืœ ื™ื ื• ืข ืžืœื›ื• ืชืš ื› ืจื”ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืคืข,ืžื”ื ืฉ ื  ื™ื ื• ื•ื” ื™ืขืœ ื™ื  ืœืœืข ื‘ื•ืง ,ื—ื™ื› ื™ื ื• ืจ ื–ื• ืจ ื™ืค ื‘ ืŸืžื ื•ื™ ื™ื ื• ,ื”ื’ ืกื• ื ืคื• ืฆื•ืช ื  ื™ ืจื› ื› ื™ืž :ืืจืฅืช

May it be Your will, Lord, our God and the God of our forefathers, O merciful King, that You once more be compassionateโ€ฆ.appear and be upliftedover us before the eyes of all the living. Draw our scattered ones near from among the nations and bring our dispersions from the ends of the earth.

ืœืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”ืจื’ืœื™ื' ืฉืœ ื’

Intertextuality!

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ื” ืื”ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืงื“ื”ื• ื•ืช , ื–ื›ืจืช ื•ื’ื ืืช ื ื— ื‘ ื‘ื” ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืข

ืจื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ ืœื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• -ืœื”ื™ื ื• ื•ื-ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื›ื ื™ืš ืช ืœืค ื“ ืคืง ืงื“ื ื• ื‘ ื” ื•ืจื—ืžื™ืื™ืฉื• ื•ืค ืžื™ ืข ืžืฉ

ื ื• ื” ืจ ืœ ืžื™ ืงื“ื ื•ื–ื› ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื ื• ื -ื ' ืฉืจื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืก ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ ื‘ื•ืข ื“ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉ

ื‘ ื ื ื” ืขืช ืœืื‘ืจ ื‘ ืจ ื ืฉ ื™ื ื• ืืฉ

You lovingly remembered Noah and You recalled him with words of salvation and mercy

Our God and the God of our forefathers, remember us with a favorable remembrance before You, recall us with a recollection of salvation and mercy from the primeval, loftiest heavens

ืช: ืื˜"ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืง ืŸ ื” ื  ืข ื‘ืจื•ืš ... ืจืš ืดื‘ ืจื™ืชโ€ฆ ืžื‘ ืดื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื‘

Bavli Berachot 59a: One who sees a rainbow โ€ฆ says the blessing: โ€œBlessedโ€ฆ Who remembers the covenant with Noahโ€.

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ื™ : ื”', ืชื”ืœื™ื ื— ื” ืื ื•ืฉ ื› ืจื ื• ืž ื ื•ื‘ืŸ ื ืชื–ื› ื™ ื“ :ืชืคืงื“ื ื• ื›

Tehillim 8, 5: What is a mortal that You rememberhim, a man that You take him into account?

ื"ืข' ื–ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื”ืจืืœื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืชื™ื'ืฉื ืืžืจ?ืžืชืคืœืœื”ื•ืื‘ืจื•ืšืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉืžื ื™ืŸ:ื™ื•ืกื™ืจื‘ื™ืžืฉื•ืื™ื•ื—ื ืŸืจื‘ื™ืืžืจ

ื”ื•ืื‘ืจื•ืšืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉืžื›ืืŸ-'ืชืคืœืชื™'ืืœืื ืืžืจืœืืชืคืœืชื,(ื–,ื•"ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื•)'ืชืคืœืชื™ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•ืฉืžื—ืชื™ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืœื•,ื›ืขืกื™ืืชืจื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื›ื‘ืฉื•ืžืœืคื ื™ืจืฆื•ืŸื™ื”ื™:ืจื‘ืืžืจื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื‘ืจื–ื•ื˜ืจืืจื‘ืืžืจ?ืžืฆืœื™ืžืื™.ืžืชืคืœืœ

ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืจื‘ื™ืืžืจ,ืชื ื™ื.ื”ื“ื™ืŸืžืฉื•ืจืชืœืคื ื™ืืœื”ืื•ืื›ื ืก,ืจื—ืžื™ืื‘ืžื“ืชื‘ื ื™ืขืื•ืืชื ื”ื’,ืžื“ื•ืชื™ืขืœืจื—ืžื™ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืฉื”ื•ืืฆื‘ืื•ืช'ื”ื™ื”ืื›ืชืจื™ืืœื•ืจืื™ืชื™,ื•ืœืคื ื™ืืœืคื ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจืชืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืจื ื›ื ืกืชื™ืื—ืชืคืขื:ืืœื™ืฉืขื‘ืŸื›ืขืกืšืืชืจื—ืžื™ืšืฉื™ื›ื‘ืฉื•ืžืœืคื ื™ืšืจืฆื•ืŸื™ื”ื™:ืœื•ืืžืจืชื™-!ื‘ืจื›ื ื™,ื‘ื ื™ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ:ืœื™ื•ืืžืจื•ื ืฉืืจืื›ืกืืขืœ

ืœื™ื•ื ืขื ืข,ื”ื“ื™ืŸืžืฉื•ืจืชืœืคื ื™ืืœื”ืื•ืชื›ื ืกื”ืจื—ืžื™ืื‘ืžื“ืชื‘ื ื™ืšืขืื•ืชืชื ื”ื’ืžื“ื•ืชื™ืšืขืœืจื—ืžื™ืšื•ื™ื’ื•ืœื•.ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืšืงืœื”ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื‘ืจื›ืชืชื”ืืฉืœืืœืŸื•ืงืžืฉืžืข.ื‘ืจืืฉื•

โ†’ Shiur Tehillim 8 & unit of 3-14.

www.tehillim.org.ilLecture #2

Berachot 7a: Along the same lines, Rabbi Yoแธฅanan said in the name of Rabbi Yosei: From where is it derived that the Holy One, Blessed be He, prays? As it is stated: โ€œI will bring them to My holy mountain, and make them joyful in the house of My prayerโ€ (Isaiah 56:7). The verse does not say the house of their prayer, but rather, โ€œthe house of My prayerโ€; from herewe see that the Holy One, Blessed be He, prays. Rav Zutra bar Tovia said that Rav said: God says: May it be My will that My mercy will overcome My anger towards Israel for their transgressions, and may My mercy prevail over My other attributes through which Israel is punished, and may I conduct myself toward My children, Israel, with the attribute of mercy,and may I enter before them beyond the letter of the law. Similarly, it was taught in a baraitathat Rabbi Yishmael ben Elisha, the High Priest, said: Once, on Yom Kippur, I entered the innermost sanctum, the Holy of Holies, to offer incense, and in a vision I saw Akatriel Ya, the Lord of Hosts, one of the names of God expressing His ultimate authority, seated upon a high and exalted throne (see Isaiah 6). And He said to me: Yishmael, My son, bless Me. I said to Him the prayer that God prays: โ€œMay it be Your will that Your mercy overcome Your anger, and may Your mercy prevail over Your other attributes, and may You act toward Your children with the attribute of mercy, and may You enter before them beyond the letter of the law.โ€ The Holy One, Blessed be He, nodded His head and accepted the blessing.

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ื™ ืืœื” ื™ื ื• ื• ืœื” ื ื™ื ื• ืœ ืœ ืžืœื•ืš ืข ืื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื• ื ื› ืขื•ืœ ื› ื” ื‘ื•ื“ืš ื‘

ื ืขืœ ื› ืฉ ืจืฅ ื•ื”ื  ื ืœ ื”ืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืคืข ื‘ ื™ืง ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื–ืš ืขืœ ื› ืื•ืŸ ืข ื‘ื™ ื’ ืœ ื™ื•ืฉ

ืชื‘ืœ ืืจืฆืš

ื” ืขื•ืœื ื• ืคื•ืง ืจ ืžืขืฉ ื” ื–ื•ื› ืœ ืืช ื“ ื› ื™ ืงื“ื ื’ืœื• ื› . ื™ืฆื• ืจ ืขืœื• ืžื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ืš ื  ืœ ืช

ืจื•ืช ืกืช ืจืืฉ ื•ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื  ื‘ ืž ื™ืŸ . ื™ืชืฉ ื™ ื ื› ื ืก ื™ ื› ืคื  ื›ื—ื” ืœ ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ืฉ ืกืช ื™ืŸ ื  ื•ื

ื™ื ื™ืš ื’ื“ ืข ื  ืจ ื : ืž ื” ื–ื•ื› ืœ ืืช ืช ื› ืคืขืœ ืœ ื”ื™ืฆื• ืจ ืœ . ื”ืž ื›ื—ื“ ื•ื’ื ื› ื ื 

ืš ืž ืœ : ืž ืœื•ื™ื”ื› ื™ื ื• ' ืคื ื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ื“ื• ืข ืœ ื’ ืœื” ื

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ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืชืžื” ืจืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ : ืกืคืจื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš ืขื–ืขืœื™ืš ื”ืžืœื™ื›ื”ื•ืืœื ? ื•ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืชื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš

ืœื• ืฉืชื–ื›ืจืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจ ืืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจื•ื‘ืžื” (ื™ื’, ื–"ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›)ื™ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ' ืฉื ืืž

Sifre Numbers Behaalotcha 77: Why did the Sages see it fitting to first say Kingship and then Remembrances and Shofarot? So that we first crown God as king and then ask for His compassion so that He will remember us. How? By using the shofar of freedom. The shofar is a symbol of freedom as it says: It will be on that day that a great shofar

will be sounded (Isaiah 27, 13)

ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื : ื™ื’, ื–"ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื› ื™ื” ื‘ ืฉ ื•ื” ืงืข ื‘ ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืช ืจ ื’ ื•ืคื“ ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื  ืืจืฅ ืืฉ ืื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ ืื• ื” ื™ื ื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจ ื—ื™ื ื‘

ื—ื•ื• ืœื” ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉ ' ื•ื”ืฉ ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ ืื‘ : ืœ

Isaiah 27, 13: It will be on that day that a great shofar will be sounded; and the [Israelites] lost in the land of Assyria and the outcasts [of Israel] in the land of Egypt will come and prostate themselves to the Lord on the holy mountain in Jerusalem.

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Musaf Rosh Hashanaืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”

ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื”Studying Tefilah

โ€ข Historical Overview of Musaf for RH

โ€ข Text Analysis: Structure + sources โ†’ Narrative

โ€ข Messages for usโ€ฆ

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ื”"ืกื•ืฃ ืžืืžืจื™ ืจืื™โ€“ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ื• "ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืงืค

; ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ืคื•ืฃ, ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื... ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื™ื , ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“

โ€“ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืžืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื

ื™ืฆืโ€“ื•ืื ืชืงืข ื‘ื• , ืœื ื™ืชืงืข

ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ืคืจ ืื—ืจ ื™ืชืงืข ื‘ื• ... ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ืžืื” (ื—, ื•"ืชืงืค, ื—"ืื•, ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”)ืื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื•

"ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื"1838-1933

268-9' ืขืž, ื"ืชืฉื“, "ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™ื”"ื‘ืชื•ืš " ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช"

ื‘ืื™ื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืื–ื ื™ื ื• โ€“ืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื›ืฉืจ ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ", ื•ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืžื ื•ื— ื‘ื’ื•ืœื”... ื”ื ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ , ืœื’ืื•ืœื”

' ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ื•ื›ื•, ืคื™ืœื˜ื•ืจื”, ืขืžืœืง, ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื” ื˜ืžืื” ื ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื•ืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ืงืœืœื” ืื™ืŸ "โ€“ืขืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš , ืื•ืœื... ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื’ืื•ืœื”

(ื’"ื• ืž"ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืค" )ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•

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Rabbi Jay & Ilana Kelman

ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื”Studying Tefilah

Studying Tefilahืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื”

(ื‘"ืชืฉืค)ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™Holidays of Tishrei (2021) Musing on the Machzor

Chanaโ€™s Prayer :#1ืชืคื™ืœืช ื—ื ื” โ€ข

Aleinu :#2ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื— โ€ข

Musaf of Rosh Hashana :#3ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”โ€ข

U-netaneh :#4" ื•ื ืชื ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ"โ€ข Tokef

ื“"ื‘ืก

Page 21: World of Jewish Prayers - tefilah.org

โ€ข Ismar Elbogen (1875-1943). German. Berlin 1913. Jewish Liturgy: A

Comprehensive History.

โ€ข Rabbi Dr. Eli Munk: The World of Prayer (revised; 2 volumes)

โ€ข Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan: The Living Torah

โ€ข Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik: Rosh Hashana Machzor

โ€ข The Steinsaltz Humash, Neviim and Ketuvim

ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘" ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื”: "ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ืกื•ืŸโ€ข

ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชโ€ข

ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ: ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ื•ื™ืโ€ข

ืขืœ , ื”ืจืจื™ ืงื“ื, ื˜ื–-ื  ืชืฉืจื™ ื‘ ื™ื’"ืžืกื•ืจื” ืชืฉ: ื”"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื™ืง ืขืœ ืจ"ื’ืจื™โ€ข

. ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

REFERENCES