World History

The Renaissance

Mr. Read

Effects of the Crusade

• Decrease power of the Pope

• Decrease feudal nobility

• Trade between Europe and Southwest Asia

• Religious intolerance grows

• Muslims distrust Christians

• Trade between Middle East and Europe

• European technology increases

The Mortality

Rate

35% - 70%25,000,000

dead !!!

Changing Nature of the Catholic Church – 1st

Estate"The church is not susceptible of being reformed in her doctrines…The church is the work of God and, like all of God's works, it is perfect…The church is independent of any earthly power, not merely in regard to her lawful end and purpose, but also in regard to whatever means she may deem suitable and necessary to attain them."

–Stated by a 14th Century pope

Changing Nature of the Noble Class

•Consequences of the War– People lost respect for knights– Knights became outmoded method of

fighting– Knights were a suppressed class– Commoners were important in war– Barons lost power to the king– Nationalism was promoted – Parliament gained control over money

End of Middle Ages – Creativity

•Changes in the church – negative•Changes in the nobility – kings

gained power at expense of church and minor nobles

•Changes in the commoners – much gain in power and development of technology helped

The Beginning

• The term Renaissance means “rebirth” in Latin.

• It was the rebirth of art and learning.

• It was influenced by very powerful families such as the Medici family.

• The Medici’s were bankers out of Florence.

• The families gave support to various artists.

Characteristics of the Renaissance

• Humanism• Individualism• Questioning Attitude• Interest in Secular, or non-religious worldly

matters.• Rise of the middle class (Disposable

income)• Great achievements in the arts.

Humanism

• Humanism is the idea that is focused on human achievements and potential rather than religious themes.

• Focused on the man and his world.• Concentrated on everyday human problems

and relationships.• Humanists focus on pleasure rather than

morality.

Humanism

• The secular nature of humanism, as well as it’s questioning attitude, often brought it into conflict with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and Medieval thinking.

Medieval Art

• Artists depicted subjects in an unrealistic two-dimensional style to indicate the importance of the soul over the body.

Renaissance Art

• Use of oil paints

• 3-D and realism were the new techniques of the Renaissance.

Characteristics of Renaissance Art

• Three dimensional

• Realistic

• Lifelike

• Influenced by Greco-Roman culture

Renaissance Artists

• Leonardo da Vinci

• Michelangelo

• Raphael

• Donatello

Leonardo da Vinci

• Da Vinci was considered the “Renaissance Man”

• Was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and a scientist.

Renaissance Writers

• Began to use the vernacular (vernacular = the native language) instead of classical Latin.

• Machiavelli, who wrote The Prince a handbook for behavior.

Machiavelli

• Machiavelli was a political philosopher

• The Prince advised kings how to rule.

• In Machiavelli way of thinking, there are no means in which the end does not justify (The end justifies the means)

The Renaissance Moves North

• Because of the plague, it was not until 1450 did northern Europe enjoy the economic growth that helped support the Renaissance in Italy.

• Northern artists and writers imitated Italian styles while adding new methods and ideas of their own.

• As a result of the printing press, books became more available and people became more literate.

Humanism in Europe

• Northern Humanists stressed education and classical learning, however, unlike the Italian humanists, they emphasized religious themes.

• They believed that the revival should be used to bring about religious and moral reform.

Shakespeare

• The best known Renaissance writer was William Shakespeare.

• Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 37 plays that are still preformed around the world.

The Printing Revolution• In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the bible

using movable metal type on a machine called a Printing Press.

• Printed books became cheap and easier to produce than hand copies.

• Now, readers gained access to broad range of knowledge (Medicine to Religion)

• The printing press would greatly contribute to the Protestant Reformation.

Your Assignment

• Collaboratively develop an essay that builds on the following beginning:

– Learning and the arts began to flourish during the Renaissance. There were many factors that contributed to the “rebirth of Europe.”