World History

Mr. Taylor

WORLD WAR ITHE GREAT WAR 1914-1918

MARCHING TOWARDS WAR

RISING TENSIONS IN EUROPE

• IMPERIALISM– Read setting the Stage –Page 407

• The quest and competition for empires and colonies

• Led to rivalry and mistrust

• NATIONALISM

• A strong dedication to one nations culture- unifying and competitive force

• Power struggle in the Balkans and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire

• Read page 407

• MILITARISM

• European Nations had undertaken a massive military buildup.

• Development of new weapons- Industrialization

• Even a minor disagreement had the potential to turn into armed conflict.- Detailed plans for military mobilization

• ALLIANCES- Before the war- Bismark and Wilhelm

• TRIPLE ALLIANCE- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

• TRIPLE ENTENTE- Great Britain, France and Russia-(2 Front War)

• Meant to Keep the PEACE-BALANCE OF POWER

MARCHING TOWARDS WAR

RISING TENSIONS IN EUROPE

BALKAN PENINSULA

• Ottoman Empire was in decline

• Many different Ethnic groups

• New nations were being formed- Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia

• Powder Keg of Europe

• Rise of nationalism- SERBIA- Page 409

MARCHING TOWARDS WAR

RISING TENSIONS IN EUROPE

• Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and his lovely wife Sophie

• Gavrilo Princip- Serbian Nationalist

• June 28th, 1914

• Austria-Hungary makes humiliating demands of Serbia

• Austria- Hungary declares war – July 28th, 1914

• Russia supports Serbia

• Germany supports Austria-Hungary

• EUROPE’S ALLIANCES AND RIVALRIES TURNED THE ACTION OF A SINGLE ASSASSIN INTO A MAJOR CONFLICT

WAR BREAKS OUT

• Setting the Stage- Page 411

• By mid August 1914, Battle Lines had been drawn

• Central Powers-

• Germany and Austria-Hungary

• Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire would join later

• Allied Powers-

• Great Britain, France and Russia

• Italy would join later

• In the late summer of 1914, millions of soldiers marched happily off to battle, convinced that the war would be short. Only a few people forsaw the horror ahead. One of them was Britain’s foreign minister, Sir Edward Grey. Staring out over London at nighfall,

Grey said sadly to a friend, “The lamps are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.”

EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR

SECTION 2

BLOODY STALEMATE

Schlieffan Plan- Avoid a Two Front War- Russia and France

Belgium

Battle of the Marne

Western Front

Trench Warfare

EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR

SECTION 2

CHAPTER 26 SECTIONS 1 AND 2 QUESTIONS

• Page 782- 1b, 1c, 2a, 3a, 3b

• Terms- Page 779 (Key terms and People)

• Page 788- 1a,1b,2a,2b,3b

• Terms- Page 783- (Key terms and People)

• 1st and 4th hours only- #6 page 788

• Due Wednesday at the beginning of the class

TRENCH WARFARE

• WORLD WAR I BATTLEFIELD

• POISON GAS

• NO MANS LAND

• OVER THE TOP

• MACHINE GUNS

• HIGH EXPLOSIVE ARTILLARY SHELLS

• TANKS

• AIRCRAFT

• Read Page 413-414

TRENCH WARFARE

EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR

SECTION 2

The Eastern Front

• German Russian Border

• More of a mobile front, unlike the Western Front

• Battle of Tannenberg- Russian offensive

• Russian war effort struggles-1916

• War was going poorly

• Russia had not industrialized

• Allied supply shipments fell short- German control of the Baltic, U-boat patrols, Ottomans controlled the Straits

• Russia suffered terrible losses

EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR

SECTION 2

World War I became a Global Conflict• Setting the Stage- Page 417

• War Affects the World

• Gallipoli Campaign- Attempt to take the Dardanelle's from the Ottoman Empire- Quickly became a stalemate

• Terrible allied losses- 250,000 Causalities

• Battles to Africa and Asia

• Japan overran German outposts in China

• Japan captured Germany’s pacific island colonies

• Read Page 418

• Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States, wanted the U. S. to remain neutral “in thought as well as deeds”

REASONS FOR AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT

1. U- Boat attacks- unrestricted

2. Lusitania Incident- May 7, 1915

3. Zimmerman Note

4. Cultural and Economic ties with Great Britain

1917 AMERICA DECLARES WAR ON THE CENTRAL POWERS -April 2nd

AMERICA JOINS THE WAR

WAR ON THE HOMEFRONT

• TOTAL WAR- Requires the use of ALL of society’s resources.

• Factories began to produce military equipment

• Civilians were asked to conserve

• Control of public opinion

• PROPAGANDA- Information designed to influence people’s opinion

• WOMAN AND WAR

• Factory workers- Nurses

PROPAGANDA

PROPAGANDA

• Read the following-pgs. 786-788

• Italian Front

• Battle of Verdun

• Battle of the Somme

• Battle of Ypres

• Gallipoli Campaign

• Armenian Massacre

• Other Fighting

BATTLES OF THE WESTERN FRONT

• Czar Nicholas II had promised reforms after the 1905 Revolution but failed to deliver.

• Russia Withdraws

• Russian Revolution

• Czar was imprisoned and executed

• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

• Lenin and the BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION

• Allows Germany to concentrate on the WESTERN FRONT

ALLIES WIN THE WARRUSSIA WTHDRAWS

FINAL GERMAN OFFENSIVE

• March, 1918- Germany mounted one final massive offensive

• May 1918- Victory seemed within reach

• Allied Counter-offensive- 140,000 American troops

• Second Battle of the Marne- Read Page 421

• Nov 11th- Armistice

• Page 421- Legacy of the War

ALLIES WIN THE WARRUSSIA WTHDRAWS

WOODROW WILSON AND HIS 14 POINTS

1. Reduction of Weapons

2. Right of people to choose their government-self-determination

3. Form a world peace organization

• Leaders of the 4 major Allied Powers wanted to punish Germany and wanted Germany to pay for the cost of the war

• Some Allied Powers wanted new territory

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

1. Germany was forced to pay Reparations

2. Limited the size of Germany’s military

3. Germany lost land

4. League of Nations

5. Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were broken up

6. Mandates and the Middle East

7. Balfour Declaration

8. The Troubled Treaty- Page 427

A DIFFICULT PEACE

THE COST OF THE WAR