CHAPTER SEVENTEENThe Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and CommerceII. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change III. The West by 1750

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

A. A New SpiritFrancesco Petrarch (1304-1374)

Secular writing

B. The Italian Renaissance

Begins 14th, 15th centuriesIn northern Italy

ItalyUrbanizedMerchant classPolitical rivalry

Petrarch, BoccaccioUse ItalianSecular topics

PaintingUse of perspectiveShadow, distanceFocus on humans

Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

B. The Italian RenaissanceMichelango Buonarotti

Leonardo da Vinci

Nicolo Machiavelli

HumanismLooking back to classical pastStudy of texts, especially ancient

C. The Renaissance Moves Northward

By 1500, impetus moves north

Northern RenaissanceFrance, Low Countries, England, Germany

Thence to eastern EuropeMore concerned with religious mattersWilliam ShakespeareMiguel de Cervantes

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

D. Changes in Technology and FamilyTechnology

printingFamily

later marriage age commonnuclear family common

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

E. The Protestant and Catholic Reformations1517, Martin Luther's challenge

Attacks church institutionsBible the only authority

Vernacular translations

Protestant protest used for political gainGerman opposition to the papacyRulers seize church lands

Henry VIIIEstablishes Anglican church

Jean CalvinCalvinism

Predestination

Catholic ReformationRenewalJesuits

MissionariesEducation

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce

F. The End of Christian Unity in the WestReligious Wars

FranceCalvinists v. Catholics1598, Edict of Nantes

Promises Protestants’ toleration30 Years War (1618-1648)

Devastating to GermanyNetherlands independent

Literacy increases

G. The Commercial RevolutionInflation, 16th century

Gold, silver from New WorldDemand outstrips supply

H. Social ProtestProletariat developsAttitudes towards poor changeProtestsWitchcraft hysteria

Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change

A. Did Copernicus Copy?

Nicolai CopernicusPolish monkKnowledge of work of al-Urdi, al-Tusi?

Earlier Arab scientists

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change

B. Science: The New AuthorityNew instruments add to data collectionGalileo Galilei

Uses Copernicus' work

Kepler’s observations confirm earlier work

William HarveyCirculatory system

MethodsFrancis Bacon

Empirical researchRené Descartes

SkepticismIsaac Newton

System of natural laws

DeismGod does not intervene with nature

John LockeUse of reason

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change

C. Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies

17th century, medieval balance disrupted

France dominatesCentralized monarchyBureaucracy“Absolute monarchy"Louis XIV the best example

Nobles kept at court

Other absolute monarchsSpain, Prussia, Austria-HungaryTerritorial expansion

EnglandDifferenceCivil War

Parliament triumphant

Western Europe under Absolute Monarchies

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change

D. The Nation-StateDefinition

Common language, cultureNational literature, songs, foods

Territorial aspectCommon allegiance

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The West by 1750

A. Political PatternsGreat change in central Europe

Frederick the Great of PrussiaReligious freedomState regulates economyOverseas commercial networks

Continual warfareFrance v. Britain

Rivalry over overseas territoryPrussia v. Austria

Territorial conflicts

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The West by 1750

B. Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture

Scientific Revolution leads to EnlightenmentScientific methods applied to other fields

General principlesPeople are goodReason the answerBelief in progress

Political scienceAdam Smith

Laissez-faire

CriminologySociety

Women's rightsProtection of childrenAttack inequities

Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The West by 1750

C. Ongoing Change in Commerce and Manufacturing

Mass consumerism

AgricultureNitrogen-fixing cropsStockbreedingSwamp drainagePotatoes, etc. introduced

Domestic systemHouseholds produce finished goods

D. Innovation and InstabilityChange becomes the norm