world bank document...of mandaluyong, makati (part), quezon (part), pasig, san juan, marikina and...

MTSP Environmental Assessment

Executive Summary

May 16. 2005

Contents

1 2

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES .......................................................................... 2 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................... 2

2.1 Project Components ............................................................................................ 2

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ........................................................... 5 Assessment o f Alternatives ................................................................................. 6 Regional Wastewater Management Strategy in Metro Manila ........................... 8

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................... 12

2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Project Location and physical Setting ................................................................. 4

3 IMPACTS ......................................................................................................................... 9 4

4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Mitigatiomnhancement Plan ........................................................................... 13

Organizational and Institutional Arrangements ................................................ 16 CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE .................................................................. 17

4.3 4.4

Environmental Monitoring Plan ........................................................................ 16

5

List of Figures

Figure 2 . MTSP Service Coverage .................................................................................. 39 Figure 1 . Overview o f the Eastern Concession Area ....................................................... 38

List of Tables

. . . Table 1. Impact Classification .................................................................................................... 9 Table 2 . Summary Matrix of Identified Impacts ...................................................................... 10 Table 3 . Overview o f main MTSP Project Benefits ................................................................. 12 Table 4 . Summary o f potential impacts and mitigation measures ........................................... 14 Table 5 - MTSP Environmental MitigatiodEnhancement Plan (EMiP) ........................... 18 Table 6 - MTSP Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) .......................................... 27

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MTSP Environmental Assessment - Executive Summary Mav 16.2005

1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The sewerage and sanitation programs of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System ( M W S S ) prior to i t s privatization in August 1997 were limited. The sewerage program represented less than 5% of the total MWSS service area, other areas are served by the Manila Central Collection System, the Dagat-Dagatan system, the Magallanes System, and isolated systems in Quezon City. M W S S provided desludging services on a very limited basis for the sanitation programs.

The privatization o f M W S S leads to the division o f i t s service area into the East and West Concession areas. Manila Water Company Inc. (MWCI) became the concessionaire for the East service area, and Maynilad Water Services Inc. (MWSI) for the West service area. The concessionaires are responsible for managing, operating, repairing, decommissioning and refurbishing the facilities owned by the MWSS for the delivery and expansion o f water, sewerage, and sanitation services.

M W C I i s responsible for providing water, sewerage, and sanitation services in the East concession area which i s composed o f parts o f Quezon City and Manila, Mariluna, Makati, Mandaluyong, Pasig, Pateros, Taguig and the Rizal Provinces (see Figure 1 on MWCI Concession Area).

In recognition o f the growing need .for sewerage and sanitation services and the water pollution attributed to untreated domestic wastewater, MWCI wi l l implement the Manila Third Sewerage Project (MTSP), a follow-up project to the Manila Second Sewerage Project (MS SP).

MTSP has two objectives:

T o increase the coverage and effectiveness o f sewerage service delivery in participating areas o f Metro Manila through an integrated approach involving septage management, sewage management, and heightened consumer awareness o f water pollution problems and their solutions.

To establish the financial and technical viability of new approaches for sewage management in Metro Manila.

2 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 PROJECT COMPONENTS

The MTSP i s estimated to cost JPY 8,054 mi l l ion (US$ 78.2 mill ion) and w i l l benefit a population o f approximately 3.3 mi l l ion (see Figure 2 for service coverage). During implementation o f f ive years (2005 to 2010), MTSP wil l improve sanitation and sewer coverage in the East Zone, from less than 8% in 2004 to an estimated 30% in 2010.

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MTSP Environmental Assessment - Executive Summary May 16,2005

The Project consists o f three components:

Component I: Sewage Management (JPY 5,399 million). This component w i l l involve the construction o f various sewage treatment plants (STP), interceptor sewers, and pumping stations, repair o f existing drainage and upgrading o f communal septic tanks to secondary treatment. The STPs to be constructed under this component w i l l utilize established biological treatment processes. The component w i l l benefit a population o f about 1.0 million. A description o f the sub-components i s summarized below:

o Taguig Sewerage System includes the construction of four STPs (Hagonoy, Taguig, Tapayan and Labasan), which w i l l use the existing flood .retention ponds as secondary clarifiers during the dry season. Treated effluent w i l l be discharged to Laguna de Bay.

o Riverbanks Sewerage System includes the construction o f three STPs (Poblacion, Capitolyo, and Ilaya). The Capitolyo and Ilaya STPs w i l l be underground, and the Poblacion STP on a platform above a flood retention pond. Treated effluent w i l l be discharged to the Pasig River.

o Quezon City-Marikina Sewerage System includes an underground STP along the Marikina River. The service area includes residential barangays and sub- divisions in Quezon City and two low-income sub-divisions in Marikina City. Treated effluent w i l l be discharged to the Mar ihna River.

o Quezon City Sanitation Upgrading includes the modification o f two communal septic tanks in Quezon City to modern STPs. Rehabilitation o f existing separate sewerage and extension of service areas o f existing STPs are also included. The treated effluent wi l l be discharged to local drainage canals.

o Sanitation for Low-income Communities includes the construction o f two STPs serving Pinagsama, Taguig and East Bank, Taytay along the Manggahan Floodway. The plants w i l l serve low-income communities wi th poor or non- existent sanitation facilities. Treated effluent w i l l be discharged to the Pinagsama Creek and the Manggahan Floodway.

Component 2: Septage Management (JPY 2,456 million). This component wi l l involve the provision of vehicles for pumping-out septage from septic tanks (fecal tankers), and the construction of septage treatment plants. The component wi l l benefit a population o f about 2.3 mi l l ion and includes the following:

o Provision o f (a) about seventy fecal tankers f rom 5 to 10 m3 capacities provided with vacuum pumping; and (b) specialized equipment for transport and application o f dewatered septage on soil.

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o Construction o f (a) a septage treatment plant (SPTP) with a treatment capacity o f about 800 m3/d, to be located in the Taguig Industrial Complex which w i l l serve mainly the cities o f Mandaluyong, Pasig, Makati and Taguig, and (b) a septage treatment plant (SPTP) with a capacity o f about 600 m3/d, to be located in San Mateo, Rizal which wil l serve mainly the cities o f Quezon, Marikina, and San Juan.

Component 3: Instittctional Strengthening (JPY 199 million). This component would enhance the proposed project investments through (a) carrying out o f a public information campaign on the environmental benefits of sewage and sanitation services and the best practices o f proper disposal o f sewage; and (b) assisting in preparation o f follow-up programs for sewage and sanitation improvements.

2.2 PROJECT LOCATION AND PHYSICAL SETTING

The MTSP covers the East Concession zone o f Metro Manila, primarily the seven cities o f Mandaluyong, Makati (Part), Quezon (Part), Pasig, San Juan, Marikina and Taguig. The population within the MWCI concession area i s predicted to increase from 5.3 mi l l ion in 2004 to 8.2 mi l l ion in 2021. There are no indications that the population growth w i l l subside even after this period o f sustained growth.

Land uses vary in areas where project components are to be situated. Facilities for the Riverbanks Sewerage Systems, the Quezon City-Mariluna Sewerage System, the Quezon City Sanitation Upgrading and the Sanitation o f L o w Income Communities wil l be located in low-income residential areas. The South (Taguig) Septage Treatment Facility w i l l be located within the waste treatment area in a controlled industrial zone, while the North (San Mateo) Septage Treatment Facility wi l l be located in a predominantly rural town where a wide area is still used for agriculture. The Taguig Sewerage System subcomponent w i l l be located in a predominantly agricultural and shoreland area. The Lahar disposal sites situated north of Metro Manila are sugarcane fa rms and idle agricultural land.

The project region lies on the southern portion o f the Luzon Central Plain. The regional landscape exhibits a contrasting relief from the gently sloping to rugged terrain of the uplands to a central valley plain. The valley i s drained b y the Marikina River, which flows southwards to join the Pasig River. The Pasig River System i s a complex network o f waterways, which includes Marikina, San Juan, various esteros and canals. The Pasig River empties into Manila Bay and drains the Laguna Lake.

Recent statistics show that domestic wastewater i s the main contributor (70%) to the pollution loading into the Pasig and Mariluna Rivers, and the Laguna Lake. There i s insufficient oxygen within the waterways to support aquatic life. Fecal coliform levels exceed the standards o f the Department o f Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) by several orders o f magnitude most of the year. In terms o f health impact, the 2003 Philippine Environment Monitor states that 31% o f all illness in 2003 i s water related which accounts for nearly 5 mi l l ion o f the reported illnesses. Moreover, i t i s estimated

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that 17 bi l l ion pesos i s lost annually in the Philippine economy due to the degradation o f the marine environment.

2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)' prepared by MWCI determines the potential impacts that may arise from the MTSP implementation and presents a corresponding Environmental Management Program (EMP) for the project. Based on the EIS, the MWCI obtained an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) from the DENR that describes the mitigating measures and institutional and monitoring arrangements to be applied during the implementation and operation o f the project. This i s in accordance with the Philippine environmental assessment legal framework, which requires development projects to address environment and social safeguards issues, and i s compatible wi th the World Bank safeguards and disclosure policies.

Based on the results o f the EIS, the project w i l l bring overall positive improvement to the region's overall environmental quality. Adverse environmental impacts are minor, mainly related to the construction o f facilities. Risks are l inked to the disposal o f collected septage and sludge. All impacts and risks, and their corresponding mitigating measures, have been integrated into the EMP.

Disposal o f septage and sludge in Lahar areas has been pilot-tested for over a year and has produced clear benefits. No adverse impacts have been noted because o f the strict use o f selection criteria for disposal sites, abd implementation o f procedures for Lahar application. Considering the lack o f long-term experience with sludge or septage disposal in the Lahar areas in the Philippines, an extensive monitoring program has been defined in the EMP.

The Land Bank o f the Philippines (LBP) w i l l have the oversight responsibility o f ensuring the compliance o f M W C I with the ECC and EMP. Day-to-day implementation and monitoring wil l be carried out b y the MWCI. Both agencies have sufficient capacity to implement and monitor the safeguard framework and have dedicated staff responsible for compliance with the environmental and social safeguard framework..

The following i s a l i s t o f Environmental and Social Safeguards documents prepared by MWCI, which were submitted for disclosure to the World Bank Infoshop and for information of the various local government units in the East Concession Area last February 11,2005:

Environmental Impact Statement @IS). The EIS provides an extensive overview o f baseline conditions and assessment of impacts, and includes an EMP which details measures to mitigate and monitor the project. Special

' An EIS is a statement supported by a set of documents including an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) which details a thorough assessment of all the environmental and social impacts of the project and an Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

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attention was given to sludge management and disposal (e.g. the Lahar study, see below). The EIS includes a detailed Annex on the consultations conducted with all stakeholders for all project components and sites.

Regional Environmental Assessment (REA). The M W S S and M W C I prepared a REA to strengthen overall wastewater management in the Metro Manila area as described above. The REA forms a principal background document for the preparation o f a GEF funded Manila Bay Coastal Management Strategy, addressing regional pollution reduction in the Metro Manila area. The project i s a jo int initiative by principal Governmental agencies (Le. DENR, MWSS/ M W S U MWCI, LLDA, LBP, and PPRC).

‘%A for Sludge/Septage-use as soil conditioner for Sugar Cane growth in Lahar-laden areas” (referred to as Lahar study) (2 Volumes). The special study was launched partly as a reply to experiences in the Mani la Second Sewerage Project (MSSP). The findings and recommendations of the report have been incorporated into the EIS and EMP for the MTSP.

“Biosalids Management Strategy” prepared by MWCI to assess the quantity and quality o f all biosolids to be generated from MWCI’s current and future treatment plants, including the plants proposed under MTSP. The report details management strategies to deal with the biosolids generation from short-term to long-term.

Environmental and Social Assessment Framework (ESAF). The ESAF describes the safeguard policies and procedures (environment assessment, resettlement, land acquisition) to be applied for future compliance work for all possible additional project activities.

2.4 ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

The strategy to address sanitation and sewerage in the East Zone o f Metro Manila was generally defined in a 2000 master plan designed to meet the original sewerage targets in the 1997 MWSS-MWCI Concession Agreement. The master plan envisaged a centralized sewerage system and the phasing out o f the use o f septic tanks. However, major difficulties in implementing the master plan included the low willingness-to-pay o f the public for sewerage services, lack o f available land for the proposed treatment facilities, and low tolerance by the public and local governments to the immense road disruption that would be required to implement such a scheme.

In 2003, new sewerage and sanitation targets were agreed between MWSS and M W C I as part o f the f irst rate rebasing period. The targets were based on a decentralized sewerage strategy which involves the construction o f small sewage treatment plants in certain areas in the concession, and the shift in focus to the regular maintenance o f existing septic tanks. Hence, sewerage targets were downscaled while sanitation targets were substantially increased.

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While the 2003 targets are not ideal from the perspective o f environmental improvement, there i s merit, at least in the init ial stages, of implementing projects throughout the city to raise awareness and build a constituency for the sector. In the second rate rebasing period in 2008, new sewerage and sanitation targets may be established to closely align the concession targets with environmental goals. An updated sewerage master plan prepared in 2004 can be used as basis for the setting o f new sewerage targets. The new master plan focuses on combined sewage-drainage treatment systems.

The components o f the MTSP were identified by MWCI in consideration o f environmental and socio-economic impacts, technical constraints, and l i m i t s set by the Concession Agreement between M W S S and MWCI. Upon identification o f the individual project sites by MWCI in coordination with the M W S S , a Feasibility Study (FS) was conducted to determine the viability and to optimize efficiency o f the MTSP components in terms o f costs, coverage and beneficial impacts.

Conceptualization o f the MTSP took into account the limitations and lessons learned from implementing past projects on sewerage and sanitation that are listed below:

0 Land availability: Recognizing land as a major limitation in project implementation, M W C I closely investigated land availability in the areas where the M W S S set sewerage targets. The elected representatives o f the LGUs, as administrators o f cities and municipalities, played a large role in identifying possible sites for sewerage facilities. Possible use o f existent and future flood retention ponds as secondary sewage treatment facilities were also explored, including projects under government agencies such as the National Housing Authority, the Department o f Public Works and Highways, the LLDA and the PRRC.

0 Applicable concepts: The previous master plans pointed to the use o f combined sewerage systems as the means to expand sewer coverage at the least cost and minimum disruption. This was heavily considered in conceptualizing the MTSP. Also, programs to address the sanitation requirements o f low-income groups, and the portion of the population that has no access to basic sanitation facilities, were explored.

0 Social acceptability: Projects that are technically and financially feasible do not get implemented if they are socially unacceptable. Hence, social indicators w i l l be obtained prior to implementation o f projects conceived for MTSP.

Health and Environmental Impacts: The MTSP was init ially formulated to arrest direct discharges of untreated wastewater to water bodies. Hence, an immediate response was the survey o f drainage outfalls to the Pasig and Mar ihna Rivers. However, the results of a survey conducted in late 2003 on some MTSP project areas, show that designing the components should

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consider prioritizing human benefits over environmental benefits, in some cases.

Financial and Economic considerations: MTSP-affected communities are in the low- to middle-income brackets. The impact o f the sewer charges that the sewered communities w i l l pay once the STPs operate was considered in finalizing the l i s t o f project components especially for the Sanitation for Low- Income Communities component. The l i s t has been narrowed down to two from more than ‘twenty communities originally considered due to issues on willingness and capacity to pay for water and sewer charges.

2.5 REGIONAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN METRO MANILA

A Regional Environmental Assessment (REA) was conducted to study the cumulative impacts o f development options to complement the traditional EIA of wastewater management in Metro Manila. The REA focused on wastewater management, sludge and septage management and regional planning integration. The REA supports the decentralized MTSP approach, considering the existing constraints (e.g. concession agreements, land availability and social acceptability).

The REA findings also show that the existing wastewater, environment, and health management legislation i s too complex, overlapping and unclear, not just in terms o f basic laws, but also in terms o f the devolution status. A number o f obligations have been devolved from one agency to another and eventually to the LGU in some cases, but without a clear mandate or operational guidelines. For example, provisions in the Sanitation Code relating to wastewater management, in particular the provision on mandatory sewer connections, have been devolved f rom the Department o f Health (DOH) to the LGUs, without clear guidance on penalties. As such, the alternative to non- compliance with this provision i s a lengthy legal process. Provisions of the Local Government Code have resulted to the devolution o f the responsibility for providing wastewater services. However, local water districts are also empowered to provide such services. The Clean Water Act passed in 2004, aims to strengthen government’s role in wastewater management, but fails to address the existing institutional gaps.

As a result, the government’s capacity and institutional framework to manage and improve sanitation and sewerage in the region i s very weak. This i s aggravated by the lack o f public awareness on health and socio-economic impacts o f poor sewage, and sludge management. The REA recommends among others a Regional Management System aimed to strengthen the institutional and management capability o f the government and i t s concessionaires in implementing the sanitation and sewerage strategy for Metro Manila.

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Time Element

3 IMPACTS

Short-term - transitory effect; w i l l last for a certain period only

Long-term - effect w i l l last within a considerable period of time

The impact areas for the MTSP project components were classified as primary and secondary based on guidelines set in DENR Administrative Order 96-37. Primary impact areas are where the proposed treatment facilities w i l l be constructed, and the communities that w i l l be serviced during the operation o f the facilities. The area w i l l be the direct beneficiaries o f the sanitation improvement as well as the recipients of effluents, disturbance o f habitat, generation o f dusts, etc. The Secondary impact areas refer to the M W C I concession area o f the National Capital Region consisting o f parts o f Quezon City and Makati City, Pasig City, Marikina City, Taguig, Mandaluyong, San Juan and Pateros plus the municipalities o f Taytay, Cainta, and San Mateo in the Province o f Rizal.

Primary - direct effect o f the project I Nature 1

Specific environmental impacts are assessed and evaluated using the impact matrix shown below in Table 1:

Table 1. ImDact Classification

Secondary - indirect effect o f the project

Type Degree

Beneficial - positive effect

Significant - the effect i s important

Adverse - negative effect

Insignificant - the effect i s negligible

Impacts are categorized in three (3) phases: pre-construction, construction and operation. Major impacts on the social aspect include project acceptability o f communities in the primary impact areas and relocation o f about 14 families. On the environmental aspect, improvements in water quality and concerns on odor and noise emissions are some o f the major impacts. able 2 summarizes the identified impacts from MTSP components.

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Summary

Generated BOD in MWCI area BOD removal b y Sewage component BOD removal by Septage comnonent

For the septage/sludge disposal to Lahar areas, major environmental impacts include possible contamination o f groundwater and surface water, odor and noise emissions, pathogen control, vector control, and health hazards on workers.

BOD todday BOD todyear

Lower High Lower High case Case case Case 296.1 329 108,076 120,085 37.6 47.5 13,724~ 17,300

4.6 55.9 1693 20,400

4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Total BOD removed by the project Performance in removing

4.1 INTRODUCTION

42.2 103.4 15417 37,700 14% 31% 14% 31%

A Feasibility Study (FS) was conducted to determine the viability and to optimize efficiency o f the MTSP components in terms o f costs, coverage and beneficial impacts. Based on the FS, EIS, and REA, the MTSP wi l l bring overall positive environmental impacts which include a contribution in the reduction o f domestic pollution o f surface waters. The project benefits in terms o f BOD reduction are summarized in Table 3.

Table 3. Overview o f main MTSP Proiect Benefits

I residential pollution in BOD The implementation of the MTSP components may have adverse social and environmental impacts. n order to mitigate the l ikely adverse impacts, an EMP was prepared, which outlines measures for preventing, reducing or mitigating significant negative impacts.

The EMF i s comprised of: Environmental Mitigation Plan (Section 4.2), Environmental Monitoring Plan (Section 4.3), and Organizational and Institutional arrangements (Section 4.4). I t complies with the environmental and social safeguard requirements and procedures o f the Philippines, as described by the DENR Administrative Order No. 2003- 30 (DAO 2003-30), and with relevant Wor ld Bank Safeguards Policies.

The EMP covers the pre-construction, construction, and operatiodmaintenance phase. Emphasis has been given to sludge and septage management. A detailed EMP was prepared for the use of septagehludge as soil conditioner in Lahar areas, which incorporates the guidelines o f the U S EPA for septage land application.

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4.2 MITIGATION/ENHANCEMENT PLAN

The mitigatiodenhancement plans provide detailed activities aimed at eliminating, reducing or controlling the adverse environmental impacts o f the proposed project summarized in Table 2. These plans consist of ecological, scientific or engineering options that the project proponent may consider as courses o f action to take before, during, and after project implementation.

Table 4 provides a summary o f all potential impacts and applied mitigation measures for the MTSP. The full detailed Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMiP) applicable to the sewage and septage management components o f MTSP i s included in Table 5.

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Table 4. Summary of potential impacts and mitigation measures Sub-components Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Septage Management Septage Treatment Land acquisition and RAP preparation, implementation Plants resettlement of 11 and monitoring.

Risks

households. Consultations, Appropriate Minor Regular construction methods and construction impacts supervision. Risks related to Sludge disposal and handling/application Public health hazards procedures. Pollution of soils, Proper O&M o f STP and waste groundwater and surface management program. water Extensive monitoring program.

Strict guidelines for site selection

Sewage Management Taguig Sewerage Social and environmental Due diligence of applied safeguard Systems safeguards in the D P W compliance and land acquisition

flood control project. practices. Standard Construction Appropriate construction methods, impacts 0 & M , monitoring and

Supervision Riverbanks Standard Construction Consultations, Appropriate Sewerage Systems impacts construction methods, 0 & M,

monitoring and supervision Sanitation for Low Standard Construction Consultations, Appropriate Income impacts construction methods, 0 & M, Communities monitoring and supervision Quezon City- Standard Construction Consultations , Appropriate Mariluna impacts construction methods, 0 & M, Sewerage System monitoring and supervision Quezon City Resettlement of 3 Consultations, RAP preparation, Sanitation households implementation and monitoring Upgrading Appropriate construction methods,

Standard Construction impacts

0 & M and supervision

All adverse environmental and social impacts during construction and operation can be mitigated and risks are within acceptable l im i ts . Most of the adverse environmental impacts are construction impacts that wi l l be mitigated. Furthermore, an Environmental and Social Framework (ESAF) provides for future guidance on unforeseen environmental and social impacts.

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MTSP Environmental Assessment - Executive Summary Mav 16,2005

Except for the North (San Mateo) Septage Treatment Plant, where MWCI purchased a 1.5-hectare property f rom a private landowner, no further acquisition o f land may be necessary. Most o f the land to be utilized for the projects are public lands covered or to be covered by usufruct agreementsMOA between MWCI with the concerned LGU/government agency.

Critical impacts and risks: A number o f critical issues and r isks related to the implementation o f the MTSP have been identified. These were addressed in the EMP as follows:

Disposal of Septage and sludge: Disposal o f septage and sludge in Lahar areas has been shown to improve soil condition, bringing direct benefits to the farmers in terms o f lower cost o f land fertilization. Application has been piloted in the area for over 12 months using 120 tons/ha o f sludge, which has increased production o f sugarcane by 28 %. No adverse impacts have been noted and are foreseen because o f the strict use o f proper selection criteria for disposal sites as well as strict land application procedures (based on US-EPA standards). However, considering the lack o f long-term experience with sludge/septage disposal in the Lahar areas in the Philippines, an extensive monitoring program has been defined in the EMP.

Resettlement. A total o f 14 households w i l l have to be resettled (3 farnilies in Road 5, Quezon City and 11 families in San Mateo) as a result o f the project. For these two sites, abbreviated RAPS have been prepared and compensation and relocation procedures w i l l be applied as specified in the MTSP Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework.

DPWH project: The MTSP i s expected to use four flood retention ponds included in the DPWH Project as secondary sewage treatment facilities. This DPWH project obtained DENR clearance on June 18, 1993. A due diligence assessment was conducted b y the Bank, wi th respect to the applied social and environmental safeguards standards, in particular to the land acquisition process. The assessment revealed that while there are differences in the methodologies and procedures in dealing wi th land acquisition and resettlement between the DPWH project and Bank-assisted projects, these aspects are being covered (various types of losses are compensated and resettlement assistance is being provided) to the satisfaction o f the Bank. The outcomes for the people who were resettled for the completed parts are comparable to what they would have been under Bank policies. There are outstanding and unresolved claims regarding land titling, but systems are in-place to address grievances. Also, there i s strong support from the concerned LGUs to assist displaced persons in seeking redress to their concerns regarding the realignment o f the dike, and a commitment on the part o f DPWH to ensure that the new resettlements are adequately addressed in the project.

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4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) details the environmental monitoring to be done for the MTSP Project Components (Table 6). An integral part o f environmental protection i s the continuous monitoring o f the conditions o f the receiving environment to determine if any undesirable changes are occurring as a result o f the project. Since the effects on living receptors are received mainly through surface water, air, and surrounding soil, environmental monitoring principally requires quantitative measurements o f the amount o f pollutants present in these environmental media.

4.4 ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Implementation arrangements: M W C I has obtained from the DENR an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for the Project in April 2005. The M W C I i s primarily responsible for securing proper implementation o f the ECC, EMP and RAPS. All reports to be submitted to the DENR related to MTSP shall be prepared and directly forwarded by M W C I to DENR, copy furnished to LBP.

M W C I and facilitators responsible for the supervision w i l l provide supervision reports for the identified indicators for monitoring as required by regulatory bodies. Additionally, the proponents w i l l provide supervision for projects with major environmental and social issues or for those projects where unanticipated issues may arise. MWCULBP w i l l provide project-affected groups and the general public with a means o f filing complaints on environmental issues (including noise and other nuisance effects). The project proponent should respond to the complaint and provide records o f complaints and responses to the fund manager as part o f the supervision reports.

The LBP, as the borrower of the loan from the World Bank, shall be responsible for ensuring the completeness and accuracy o f all MTSP environmental reports. The LBP, through i t s environmentallsocial unit w i l l perform an oversight function to ensure that environmental loan covenants are complied with, and that the EMP i s properly incorporated into the contracts used by the MWCI to implement the project.

Monitoring, auditing and reporting: Monitoring, auditing and reporting procedures related to the EA implementation, covering both biophysical and social parameters, are described in the EMP guidelines and in the ECC issued by the DENR for the project. A sludge management plan based on the Lahar and biodsolids studies w i l l be implemented and monitored. More specific resettlement-related monitoring i s provided in the Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework and in the Resettlement Action Plans that have been prepared for specific components.

Reports to be submitted in relation to the MTSP components include:

Pollution Control Officer’s Report - contains details on maintenance activities, results o f all analyses, average flow, power consumption, water consumption,

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generator usage. The PCO Report i s to be submitted to the DENR or the LLDA on a quarterly basis.

Report to the MWSS-Regulatory Office - monthly report from the MWCI Central Laboratory on water and wastewater quality analyses based on all parameters.

Quarterly compliance report to the ECC to be submitted to the DENR-EMB and the Land Bank, copy to be furnished to the World Bank.

As part o f the monitoring and impact assessment to be done at the end o f the project, the proponents w i l l evaluate the effectiveness and implementation o f the EMP. The evaluation w i l l be attached to the final report on the project and lessons learned w i l l be incorporated into the EMP and EA process for future projects, as appropriate.

Implementing capacity. Both LBP and MWCI have experience in the preparation and implementation o f s imi lar World Bank projects. Through the implementation o f the ongoing WDDP, the LBP has developed effective working procedures for on-lending activities. Also the MWCI has extensive experience with Wor ld Bank procedures, as this project i s a follow-up to the ongoing MSSP.

Local capacity for safeguard compliance has been strengthened and a strong commitment and ownership by M W C I has been built during the project preparation. M W C I w i l l obtain all necessary clearances from the regional DENR regarding the Lahar disposal. However, as the MTSP i s part o f the overall strategic plan to improve sewerage and sanitation in Metro Manila, additional support for the main stakeholders (e.g. D E M E M S E A , MWSSIMWCZIMWSI, LLDA, PPRC) to continue developing and applying appropriate planning tools (such as the REA) i s recommended. The REA forms a principal background document for the preparation of a GEF funded Manila Bay Coastal Management Strategy, addressing regional pollution reduction in the Metro Manila area. The project i s a jo int initiative by principal Governmental agencies (e.g. DENR, M W S S / MWSY MWCI, LLDA, LBP, PPRC).

5 CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE

The key stakeholders for the MTSP are the estimated 3.3 mi l l ion people to be covered by the different MTSP Components and include the homeowners, barangay leaders, councils, local government units and NGOs. The 14 rent-free, squatter households who stand to lose their houses as a result o f the project, as well as, the volunteer farmers and adjacent farm owners and communities in the Lahar septage disposal sites also have a stake to the project. Various consultations with stakeholders, to explain and obtain their participation in the MWCI’s overall sanitation and sewerage program, were made during the project preparation.

Consultation Process: The EIS for the Project was conducted to comply with the requirements o f the DENR in accordance with DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No.

17


2003-30. The EIS process, which requires extensive consultations, i s started with scoping meetings with the EMB-NCR, EMB, EIA Review Committee (EIARC) representatives and various stakeholders from both the local and national levels. Meetings were held and scoping workshops were conducted to elicit issues and concerns from the stakeholders including Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and Local Government Units (LGUs). Subsequently, surveys and interviews, public consultations for concerned barangays and communities, and focus group discussions with local government officials (Barangay and municipal level) were conducted in all project sites. The findings, issues and concerns were included in the scope of the EIS.

In addition to these EA-related consultations, a series of project presentations/ discussions were held with the city/municipal councils of concerned LGUdagencies by M W C I with the objective of firming up the usufruct agreements for the various sites for the riverbanks WWTPs, sanitation for low-income communities and upgrade of existing sanitation facilities. These consultations with the LGUs wi l l continue until the agreements have been finalized and become executory.

Consultations with the 14 affected households have been initiated as part of the RAP preparation and wi l l continue until the RAP has been fully implemented and evaluated.

Disclosure: All environmental documents prepared by M W C I were publicly disclosed on February 11, 2005 at the InfoShop in Washington and in the Knowledge for Development Center (KDC) o f the World Bank Philippine Office. At that time two sets of reports were also sent to every City in the Concession zone Metro Manila and concerned municipalities in the Lahar areas with a request to make one set available to the public in the public library, with notices posted in prominent places. These documents have likewise been submitted to and reviewed by the Regional Safeguards Committee for review.

The documents were posted in LBP and M W C I public library and advertisements in the newspaper were posted on February 16, 2005, informing the availability of the documents for public consultation. LBP also put a copy of the newspaper advertisement in the public board of i t s branches in the project area to increase the coverage of the disclosure.

18

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PHILIPPINES

MANILA THIRD SEWERAGE PROJECT PROJECT SITES

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PROJEff A R M UNDER MTSP

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PRCJEff A R M UNDER MSSP

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