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P hoto by the D e tro it News

R EC O R D -B R EA K ER . P art of tremendous throng that marched for Freedom Now in D etro it June 23.

Detroit Civil-Rights March Biggest in Nation’s History

By H arrie t Talan

World Appeal Made for Aid to Algeria— See page 5 —

Moscow and Peking a t Breaking Point— See page 6 —

lllllllllliilli:illlMli!lllllllllllUllll(llllllli:illllllll<llllllllllllllli:illlllll(llllllllllllllllilllllllllllii|lltlllllllllllllllllt<llllllllllllll(lllllllltllllll||||||||ll|||||||||MllllllllllllllllllllllltlllMIIIIIUIIIIIIIIlHlllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIII(IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUi

MILITANTPublished in the Interests of the Working People

V ol. 27 - No. 26 M onday, J u ly 10, 1963 P rice 10c

Giant March Can Force Congress To OK Rights B ill

DETROIT — June 23 was a beautifu l day — the th ird day of summer and the f irs t day of a new era in the struggle fo r Negro equality here.

I t was “ March to Freedom Day,” and the Negro com m unity of D e tro it w rote history. I t was the biggest c iv il-r ig h ts demon­stration ever held in the United States.

The only tim e I have ever seen anyth ing like downtown D etro it on June 23 was on January 2, 1961, in Havana, where I watched the mammoth celebration of the Cuban Revolution’s second anni­versary.

The Freedom M arch dwarfed the biggest labor demonstrations ever held here w ith in my mem­ory — which goes back to the 1940s — and some o f them used to be p re tty big.

This demonstration was not o r­ganized by any of the “ o ld- guard” Negro groups, bu t by a new one — the D etro it Council fo r Human Rights. And the masses of the Negro people responded to it in a new way.

By the thousands, they lite ra lly flooded downtown D etro it. The D etro it News described it : “ As If a huge dam had burst, thousands

Our Schedule For the SummerD uring July and August

The M ilita n t is published every other week. O ur next issue w ill be dated Ju ly 22. W eekly publication w ill be resumed in September.

of Neeroes swept down Woodward in waves yesterday in the ir ‘w a lk to freedom.’ ”

Woodward Avenue is nine lanes wide, bu t the column of marchers extended from curb to curb, sometimes sp illing over onto the sidewalks and sweeping the on­lookers along.

Cobo Arena — te rm ina l point of the march — was jammed, and so was the area a ll around it. Tens of thousands never got w ith ­in hearing distance of the speak­ers. The expressways were so plugged up w ith tra ff ic that ad­d itiona l thousands could not even get downtown.

The f irs t “ o ffic ia l” count by the police was 100,000. This figure was qu ick ly increased to 125,000, and then to 150,000. A c tua lly there were at least 200,000, and maybe a quarte r-m illion , who turned out on June 23 to show the ir so lidarity w ith Southern Negroes and to voice the ir de­mand fo r Freedom Now in the N orth too.

M y guess is that there were a couple of thousand whites pa rtic ­ipating in the demonstration. Not enough — considering the issues! And not many, considering how many predom inantly w h ite l ib ­eral, labor and relig ious groups endorsed the m arch in the fin a l week or two.

B u t at least there were some whites present, a m a jo rity prob­ably radicals. That’s to the ir credit, o f course. They were w el­come beyond th e ir numbers. A woman marching w ith the Wayne State U n ive rs ity teachers’ local, which carried its own banner, and which was m a in ly w hite, to ld me it got more applause than its size

(Continued on Page 5)

Socialists Reunited At World Parley of 4th International

NAPLES, Ita ly , June 27 — A ten-year-o ld sp lit in the w orld T rotskyis t movement was healed in the main yesterday at a Re­un ifica tion Congress held by the Fourth International, w orld party of the socialist revo lu tion founded by Leon Trotsky. Delegates and observers were present from 26 countries and from a ll continents.

The sp lit in 1953 resulted from a factional struggle over d iffe ren t interpretations of the meaning of incip ient libera liz ing processes in the Soviet Union and over d if­ferent views on organizational practices inside the Trotskyist movement. The delegates at the Reunification Congress were of the unanimous opinion that these differences had long been super­seded and that both sides stand today on a common po litica l p la t­form .

The Reunification Congress fo l­lowed tw o separate gatherings, one a conference held by dele­gates representing the m a jo rity of sections adhering to the In te r­national Committee (IC ) of the Fourth International, the other the Seventh W orld Congress held by delegates from the sections ad­hering to the In ternationa l Execu­tive Committee (IEC ) of the Fourth International.

A t the Reunification Congress common documents were adopted. The IEC delegates ra tified the Reunification Congress at once; the delegates of the IC said tha t they w ould recommend early ra t i­fication by the ir respective organ­izations.

The Seventh W orld Congress, (Continued on Page 5)

New Haven Negroes Contest for Mayor

A new ly formed organization is runn ing a Negro fo r mayor of New Haven, Conn., as an inde­pendent candidate. The Citizens fo r P o litica l E qua lity announced the candidacy of its chairman, Raymond H. Paige on June 16.

Running as an independent, Paige w il l be challenging the Democratic incumbent, M ayor R ichard C. Lee and the Republi­can aspirant, H enry H. Town- shend Jr. Among the backers of Paige’s campaign are John Fer­nandez, president of the New Haven branch of the Negro A m er­ican Labor Council and co-chair­man of Citizens fo r Po litica l Equality, and John Barber, presi­dent of the local NAACP.

Fernandez stated the reason fo r Paige’s candidacy was t h a t “ neither o f th is lo ca lity ’s tw o ma­jo r parties, Democratic and Re­publican, have evidenced a signi­fican t concern fo r the problems of the m in o rity segments o f the community^ especially the Negro and Puerto Rican citizens.”

The June 16 New Haven Regis­ter commented tha t Paige was running ‘‘w ith the express pur­pose of draw ing Negro votes away from the tw o m ajor parties, especially the Democrats.”

Running independent candidates is being disfcussed by m ilita n t Negroes in many cities. A t a June 1 ra lly in Harlem , jo u r­nalist W illia m W orthy called fo r sdch action and consideration of form ing a Negro party nationally.

By Fred HalsteadNEW YORK, Ju ly 2 — A form al

ca ll fo r a March on Washington has f in a lly been issued by seven c iv il-r ig h ts groups. Both Rev. M artin Lu ther K ing and NAACP Executive-Secretary Roy W ilk ins stressed, in the announcement made here today, that the action on Aug. 28 would involve no “ c iv il disobedience” or s it-ins in Congress.

Rev. George Lawrence, no rth ­eastern representative of the Southern C hristian Leadership Conference, had previously de­clared the possib ility of w ide­spread c iv il disobedience and con­gressional s it-ins to protest a filibus te r against c iv il-r ig h ts leg­islation.

Today, however, Roy W ilk ins said Rev. Lawrence’s statement had been unauthorized and that in any case, a new agreement had been arrived at. The plans, said W ilk ins, call fo r a simple march up Pennsylvania Avenue and a tw o-hour meeting at the L incoln Memorial.

Series of MeetingsS ign ifican tly , the announcement

of the new plan was made after a series of meetings here in the last two weeks between w hite m illiona ire philanthropists and some of the older, more conserva­tive ' c iv il-r ig h ts ieaders. The p u r­pose of these meetings, according to the Ju ly 1 National Observer, was “ to strengthen the established Negro leadership” by pu tting a new large fund under control of the more conservative elements.

I t is clear that these leaders, under the influence of ‘ the ir w ealthy w h ite donors and advi­sors, have decided to try tb avoid upsetting the Kennedy adm inis­tra tion, w hich frowns on a m ili­tant march.

Cleveland Robinson, secretary- treasurer of New Y o rk ’s D is tric t 65, AFL-C IO , and together w ith Rev. Lawrence a co-ord inator of the match, has predicted an at­tendance of “ 100,000 or more.”

The po litica l climate in Wash­ington — where the phony N orth ­ern liberals and D ixiecrats are Up to the ir old game o f sham battle — w il l have to be changed dras­tica lly i f Negroes are going to get m eaningful c iv il-r ig h ts legis­lation. No business-as-usual dem­onstrations w il l change tha t c li­mate. Too many of that type — w ith the demonstrators filid in g themselves Shunted o ff fo r a cou-

COORDINATOR OF MARCH. Union official Cleveland Robin­son w ill act as co-ordinator of Washington March in association with Rev. George Lawrence.

pie o f hours of boring speeches at the L inco ln M em orial and then sent home — have been held be­fore w ith lit tle , i f any, effect.

A massive outpouring — the m obilization of a m illio n Negroes around Congress — w ould pu t a salutary fear in to the filib u s te re d and sham libera ls and convince them of the “ m ora l” necessity of a real c iv il-r ig h ts law . That’s the k ind of action the Negro people want. And because they w ant it, i t is feasible fo r Negro leaders to set out to organize it.

The recent March fo r Freedom in D etro it, m obiliz ing up to a quarter of a m illio n people in a single city, points the way. The D etro it march was organized, not by the o ld-guard Negro leaders, but by new m ilitan ts. The same th ing is true of the most effective recent demonstrations, from B irm ­ingham on.

Nationally, i t is up to these newer, m ilita n t leaders a ll over the country to organize the March on Washington in the way the s it­uation demands. The old, timorous leadership — w ith neither the heart nor the competence fo r such a struggle — should not be a l­lowed to make th is M arch on Washington a fa ilu re .

Page Two THE M ILITANT Monday, July 10, 1963

New Steel Pact Does Little To Expand Job Opportunities

By Fred HalsteadSpokesmen fo r the eleven ma­

jo r steel companies are pleased w ith w hat they ca ll the cheapest steel labor contract they have ob­tained since 1944. Considering the problems facing the country and the steelworkers, the settlement signed June 29 is not only cheap fo r the companies, bu t is the w orst contract improvem ent the U nited Steelworkers of America has ever signed w ith b ig steel. In addition, i t is the second settle­ment in a row tha t does not pro­vide a wage increase.

The m ain feature is an “ ex­tended vacation p lan” which Steelworkers president David J. McDonald has pushed as his a l­te rna tive to the shorter w ork week w ith no reduction in pay. The plan provides a special 13- week vacation fo r one-tenth of each company’s regular w o rk force each year fo r five years be­g inn ing in 1964,

Little Time OffMcDonald is cla im ing tha t th is

w i l l help solve the unemploy­m ent problem in the steel indus­t r y because new workers w il l have to be hired to replace those on vacation. A ctua lly , the amount o f tim e o ff w il l amount to about tw o per cent of the w ork ing time in unionized basic steel.

Translated into terms of the shorter w o rk week, the to ta l jo b ­spreading effect w il l be equal to a w o rk week shortened by about 45 minutes. This is w hat McDonald has substituted fo r the “ 38-hour week at 40-hours pay” w h ich the Steelworkers union adopted sev­era l years ago as a bargaining demand designed to create jobs. McDonald dropped tha t demand a fte r President Kennedy declared his opposition to the shorter week w ith no reduction in pay.

McDonald claims the new set­tlem ent w il l create some 20,000 j ' i;s, b u t company sources esti­mate the vacation plan w il l p ro ­vide only about 10,000 job open­ings w hich w ould not have existed w ith o u t it. E ither way, the job ­spreading feature of the contract is p it i fu l ly inadequate. There are some 485,000 workers now em­ployed in basic steel. The union has estimated tha t w e ll over 100,- 0p0 basic steel workers are unem­ployed. The new settlement w on’t provide nearly as many jobs as autom ation destroys each year, le t alone pu t the unemployed back to w ork, or make a place fo r the youth.

Majority Get NothingThe extended vacations w il l be

given only to those w ith the highest seniority. A fte r five years, i f a ll goes as planned, h a lf the regu lar w o rk force in each com­pany w i l l have had a crack at the extended vacations. The other ha lf w i l l have got nothing. N either w il l the tens of thousands o f workers w ho have had jobs fo r re la tive ly short periods o f time, or have changed from one company to another and thus in terrupted the ir seniority.

A w orker at U nited States Steel — by fa r the largest employer —

Weekly CalendarDETROIT

"This Union Cause," new UAW film on history of American labor. Artist John Gelsavage, whose paintings are used in the film, will speak and answer questions. Fri., July 12, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward. Ausp. Friday N ight Socialist Forum.

•LOS ANGELES

Theodore Edwards of the Socialist Workers Party presents a Marxist view o f the news in his bi-weekly commen­tary, Fri., July 12, 6:45 p.m. KPFK-FM, 90.7 on your dial.

McDonald

w il l need 17 years seniority to get the extended vacation. A ll other workers at U.S. Steel w il l get exactly nothing out of the plan. Seniority requirements fo r the vacation at other companies range from eleven to 21 years.

The younger, more m ilita n t workers have v ir tu a lly no stake in the settlement. A t the very tim e when youth, and pa rticu la rly Negro youth, are find ing i t in ­creasingly d iff ic u lt to get in to in ­dustry, the leadership of the Steel­workers union has abandoned them to th e ir fate.

The settlement has increased the “ job tru s t” features of the union, doing noth ing to provide the unemployed w ith jobs and ex­cluding the younger workers. Superfic ia lly i t may strengthen the McDonald machine, which rests on the high seniority w o rk ­ers, bu t the seeds of bitterness have been sown by th is settle­ment.

The other features of the agree­ment are m inor improvements in hospital and insurance plans; m inor changes in w ork rules; and some restrictions on le tting w ork to outside contractors. Tota l cost of the package to the company w il l be between six and eight cents an hour each year. The con­trac t may be re-opened in May of 1965.

God grant tha t not only the love o f lib e rty bu t a thorough know ­ledge of the rights of man may pervade a ll the nations of the earth, so tha t a philosopher may set his foot anywhere on its sur­face and say: “ This is m y coun­try .”

—Benjam in F rank lin , Le tter to David H artley, Dec. 4, 1789.

DETRO IT — Sharp disappoint­ment was the reaction of most Negro attorneys from M ichigan who attended the recent W hite House conference of lawyers ad­dressed by President Kennedy.

Speaking fo r the m a jo rity of M ichigan’s Negro participants, A t­torney John Conyers, J r. said in a statement June 24, “ We were un­happ ily forced to the conclusion tha t the President is more deeply concerned w th the reduction of tensions than w ith the e lim ination of the ir causes. Both he and the A tto rney General appeared only p a rtly aware tha t the c iv il-r ig h ts revo lu tion can no longer be curbed by m anipulation.” Conyers’ view was seconded by Attorneys George Crocket, Jr. and Alphonso Harper.

They noted tha t President K en­nedy suggested form ation of a lawyers’ committee to w ork toward racia l conciliation, bu t tha t the national co-chairmen named “ were both w h ite and w ithou t conspicuous concern in th e ir ca­reers, to date, fo r c iv il rights.”

Two facets of the conference

Antioch Students Score Dealings With Snoopers

By A rth u r M aglinYELLO W SPRINGS, Ohio —

Students picketed the Antioch College adm inistration June 17 to protest its collaboration w ith a w itch -hun t investigation of a form er student by m ilita ry in te l­ligence.

The p icket line of about a dozen had an effect fa r beyond its size, because demonstrations have been so rare in the past against the “ lib e ra l” Antioch adm inistration.

Large crowds o f apparently sympathetic students were at­tracted by the picket line, where heated arguments took place be­tween demonstrators and members of the facu lty and adm inistration.

The action made front-page headlines in the June 17 Dayton D aily News. Before i t was a ll over, the m ilita ry intelligence agent, who had planned to in te rv iew stu­dents, reportedly canceled a ll ap­pointments and le ft in indignation.

InvestigationThe ex-student was being in ­

vestigated fo r his po litica l beliefs in connection w ith his d ra ft status. The adm inistration had opened pa rt of its files on the form er stu­dent to the investigator — the part which, i t was claimed, constituted only “ objective in fo rm ation” such as grades. In addition, the adm in­is tra tion gave names of in d iv id ­uals, who had known the ex-stu­dent, w ithou t consulting them be­forehand.

The protest was sponsored by the Antioch Young Socialist A l­liance, although the m a jo rity of pickets were una ffilia ted students who agreed w ith the YSA on the particu la r issue.

A leafle t d istributed at the dem­onstration linked th is case w ith other recent cases o f w itch -h u n t­ing of students: the ind ictm ent of young socialists in Indiana; the use of the McCarran A c t against the Advance youth organization; the harassing of students planning to trave l to Cuba; and police spying on student po litica l meetings at the U n ivers ity of C a liforn ia in Los Angeles.

LOS ANGELES — The fig h t against the w itch -hun t on campus has scored a v ic to ry in Californ ia, where state un ive rs ity branches have been subject to a ban on Communist speakers since 1951. A fte r a resounding vote against the speaker ban in a recent stu­dent referendum, the regents of the un ive rs ity voted June 21 to rescind the ban.

drew sharp comment from the Negro participants: “ We were to­ta lly unprepared to observe,” as one pu t it , “ tha t a ll o f the num er­ous W hite House servants were colored, and a ll o f the guards w h ite ; and the President o f the Alabama B ar . . . on three occa­sions used the epithet ‘nigger’ w ithou t re to rt or remonstrance by e ither the President or the A tto r­ney General.”

Conyers said in conclusion tha t the conference was a fo rw ard step. “ B u t we cannot conceal our dis­tress at the adm in istra tion ’s ap­parent misreading of the central meaning of the libera tion struggle. There are no ‘deals’ to be cut on a m atter so basic as equa lity un­der the law. E qua lity is to ta l o r i t is nothing . . . . We urge tha t the President p rom ptly dispatch a ll competent t r ia l lawyers of the De­partm ent of Justice to a ll parts of the South to defend the thousands of beleaguered Negro citizens now ja iled or facing tr ia l fo r doing w hat the Constitution of the U.S. says they have every r ig h t to do.”

By a narrow margin, Carl Stel- lato squeaked through to re-elec­tion as president o f U AW Ford Local 600 in a ru n o ff against H a r­ry Becker June 19-20. Out of 25,- 085 votes cast, Stellato got 12,860, Becker 12,225- The local has 27,000 members at the R iver Rouge p lant near D e tro it and 15,000 retirees.

Becker had led Stellato in the May p rim ary election, when 23,- 500 voted fo r the presidency, but lacked less than 200 votes to be elected then. Stellato was able to make the runoff, and to w in it; be­cause he got the overwhelm ing vote of the more conservative re ­tirees. Both times a m a jo rity of the workers in the p lan t voted against him . In a le tte r to retirees before the election, Stellato as­serted he w ould keep a record of who turned out and who d idn ’t.

In addition, Stellato resorted, as usual, to smears against his op­ponent. He im plied tha t Becker was an agent or stooge of the Ford M otor Co., tha t he had un­savory “ connections” w ith the C aliforn ia State Loya lty Commis­sion, tha t his previous union and po litica l background was suspect, etc. On the day before the runo ff Becker file d a $100,000 court suit against Stellato fo r character as­sassination.

There was l it t le difference be­tween Becker’s program and Stellato’s w h ich is understandable since both are Reutherites. Becker almost unseated Stellato because he benefited from a general ten­dency to vote against incumbent bureaucrats.

In some other recent U AW elec­tions, the incumbents weren’t as lucky as Stellato. In Chrysler Amalgamated Local 212, president Tony Czerwinski was forced into a ru n o ff and then defeated by H arold Wood by a m argin of 50 votes, 3,357 to 3,307. In Local 735, representing 5,600 GM members, president N ick Napolitano was ousted in a ru n o ff w ith Robert W alker by a 52-vote margin.

* * *

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters has called a strike fo r Ju ly 1 fo r a shorter w o rk month. Under the National R ailw ay Act, however, the federal government can impose a 90-day postpone­ment of the strike. The union has 9,000 members on tw o dozen ra il­roads, and is seeking a 173-hour month or a 40-hour week. Mem­bers now w ork a 208-hour month w ith overtim e paid a fte r 240 hours. The shorter w o rk month, the un­ion estimates, w ould create 700 additional jobs. In recent years, according to the union’s president, A. P h ilip Randolph, the ra ilroads’ force of porters and attendants has been cut in half.

* * *

A group of Harvard studentspicketed a favorite student c loth­ing store recently in so lidarity w ith union workers who are in a dispute at the H enry I. Siegel pants plant. The students woreburlap pants and carried signs declaring, “ I ’d ra ther wear burlap than H enry I. Siegel pants.”

* * *

The New York City Board ofEducation’s June 25 ru lin g against salary increases fo r school teach­ers has made a teachers’ strike “ inevitable” according to United Federation of Teachers President Charles Cogen. The U FT voted 13,707 to 1,201 to re ject any con­trac t tha t d id not include pay boosts. Cogen said tha t there was $41,000,000 in c ity funds tha t could be used fo r pay raises.

In a s im ila r s ituation last year, a court in junc tion ended a one- day teachers’ strike. Cogen said that neither a court in junction

nor the an ti-s trike Condon-Wad- l in A ct w ould deter the c ity ’s 40,- 000 teachers from w alk ing out when school opens on September 9- The teachers w ant m in im um salaries raised from $5,300 to $5,400 a year, at the f irs t step, and from $9,170 to $10,200 at the high­est, o r 14th salary step.

* * *

District 4 of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher W ork­men has announced a d rive to o r­ganize the increasing number o f non-union shops appearing in the area. The d is tric t covers Wiscon­sin, Minnesota, the Dakotas, Iowa, Colorado and Wyoming.

* * *

A1 C. Skinner, 55, has been elected president o f the Mine, M ill and Smelter Workers U nion fo l­low ing the retirem ent o f John Clark. Skinner is one of six past and present officers o f the 70- year-o ld union who have been hounded by a T a ft-H a rtley prose­cution. They are scheduled to be re tried th is summer on the charge o f fa lsely signing a “ non-Com- m unist a ffidav it,” even though tha t section of the law has been removed since they were f irs t in ­dicted.

* * *

Berman Gibson, leader of the striking Hazard, Kentucky, miners,has been ja iled along w ith five others on charges of try in g to blow up a ra ilroad bridge. The men were arrested in P erry County on Monday, June 17. Two others were picked up on s im ila r charges a week earlier.

The southeastern Kentucky m in­ers have been driven to despera­tion in a b itte r struggle against m ine operators who have cut wages from better than $20 a day to as lit t le as $5 a day. The opera­tors skimp on expenditures fo r m ine safety, fa il to cover the ir men w ith d isab ility insurance, and, in some cases, even fa il to make social-security payments. The strike, w h ich has received no support from the U nited M ine Workers, has been met w ith con­siderable violence. A number of pickets have been shot.

An indication tha t the charges against Gibson and the others are a fram e-up is the nature of the evidence brought fo rw ard by the FB I. I t consists of n itrog lycerin supposedly found on the Lou isv ille & N ashville Railroad span lead­ing to an eastern K entucky coal fie ld . Most coal m iners use dy­nam ite in the ir w ork, so tha t dynamite, not n itroglycerine, is read ily available to the strikers in the area. The men were held on bonds ranging from $15,000 to $25,000-

Berm an Gibson

Negro Lawyers Left Cold By Parley With Kennedys

Monday, July 10, 1963 THE M ILITANT Page Three

t * i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i in i i i i i i in i i i i i Highlights o f D etro it Freedom March i i i i i i i i n i i i i r i i i i i i i m i i i i n i i H i i i i i i i i u i i i n i i i i u i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i n i i i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i H i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i n i i i n r i i i i i i i i i i i i i n i i i i i i i i i i n i i i i i i i i u i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i e

! “ It Makes Me Proud to Be Black This Day” 1

P h o to b y B a r ry K a p la n

“T H A T ’S T E L L IN G ’E M !” Participants in D etro it c iv il-rig h ts march register hearty approval as Rev. A lbert Cleage declares need fo r m ilitan t and uncompromising freedom fight.

As you looked around in the march, as fa r as the eye could see, o r even i f you ju s t study the p ic­tures, the thought occurs: This massive demonstration is not a m a jo rity of the D e tro it population, and not quite a m a jo rity of the Negro population — bu t could the enemies o f Negro equality tu rn out a demonstration of th is size, o r anything like it, in D e tro it or any other part of the U.S.? The answer is a f la t NO — and tha t’s one of the many insp iring lessons o f the march. The white-suprem a­cists and bigots are powerful, and can do a lo t of damage, bu t they are a m inority , a t least as fa r as active forces go. This is another reason w hy the prospects of Free­dom Now are so good.

* * * *

In May, Rev. Cleage, one of the leaders of the D e tro it Council fo r Human Rights, noted how c ity and labor offic ia ls stayed away from the NAACP protest ra lly to which they had been invited. He pred ict­ed tha t i f 100,000 Negroes came out to p demonstration, ty ing up tra ffic , “ these leaders w ould be a t the head of the march i f they had to get in to a helicopter to get there.” H is prediction was con­firm ed. M ayor Cavanagh was on vacation in H aw aii and not sched­uled to re tu rn u n til a fte r the march. A few days before June 23, he endorsed the march from the m id-P acific and to ld his sub­ordinates to place his o ffic ia l car a t Rev. K in g ’s disposal. B u t at the last m inute he changed his m ind and boarded a je t, instead of a helicopter, to f ly to D e tro it so he could be up fro n t w ith K ing.

• • * *Marchers liked the spectators on

the sidewalks, bu t preferred to have them become part of the pa­rade. Many marchers reached out good natured ly and tr ied to p u ll Negro spectators in to the line. “ Come on, get out here,” one shouted. “ You ain ’t in M ississippi. You don’t have to be afra id. L e t’s w a lk !” When the parade started, whole sections of people standing on the sidewalks le t out an enthu­siastic cheer and surged in to the street to jo in the marchers.

* * * *

A middle-aged Negro laborer said: “ B lack men thought of th is march. B lack men organized it. B lack men carried i t out. I t makes me proud to be black th is day.”

• • •R igh t behind a group of m arch­

ing children singing We Shall Overcome, w alked a contingent of young men carry ing a sign tha t read, “ Negroes W ith Guns Shall Overcome.”

* * * *D etro it cops were given special

tra in ing in politeness before the march. Even so, they were in ­structed not to speak to m arch­ers, nor to bystanders about the marchers, bu t to deal only w ith the parade marshals. “ I t is no secret tha t we can never re tract

Documents of the

Negro StruggleTexts of discussions on ques­tion with Leon Trotsky and o f analytical resolutions adopted by conventions of Socialist Workers Party.

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a spoken w ord,” stated the w r it ­ten orders given to the police de­ta il.

* * * *One w hite man was arrested,

when he tr ied single-handedly to stop the march. He rushed in to the street, demanding to speak to Rev. K ing. Later he explained that he wanted to te ll K ing to “ slow downdesegregation in the w hite sub­urbs.”

* * * *The mounted police were sup­

posed to lead the parade — one of the gestures of the Cavanagh- Edwards c ity adm inistration to try to water down the meaning of the demonstration. B u t the jam at the head of the march was so big that the horses couldn’t get through. They had to bypass the march and go d irectly to Cobo Arena to stand tra ff ic du ty — w hich was rea lly a more f it t in g job fo r them.

* * * *When Rev. K ing showed up at

the fro n t line, the crowd surged fo rw ard and the fro n t line, inc lud­ing a ll the “ notables,” was pushed ahead. Nobody was hurt, except that a cop was knocked down. The notables linked arms to keep from getting separated. According to the D etro it News (June 24) “ they

P ho to b y B a r ry K a p la n

Rev. A lb e rt B. Cleage

were pushed, shoved and pulled down W oodward.” Two cops stayed w ith them “ a ll the way down Woodward, and they were completely w inded when they ar­rived at Cobo H a ll.”

* * *There was an account in the

same issue dealing w ith UAW President W alter Reuther. A fte r some o f his Negro stooges fa iled to take over the march, and when he saw w hat a success i t w ould be, he pushed h im self in to the picture, getting h im self lis ted as a speaker and marching up fro n t w ith K ing . He was one of those “ pushed, shoved and pulled down Woodward.” In fact, “ Reuther said his feet sometimes were not even touching the pavement.” The News adds, “ at times members of the entourage were shoved aside, f i ­n a lly regaining the ir place by runn ing down an alley para lle ling W oodward to catch up.”

• * * *

Exp la in ing w hy he was there, a Negro contended: “ I t ’s fo r better jobs r ig h t now — like next week.”

* * * *A college student: “ I keep hear­

ing old radicals ta lk ing about the power of mass action. Today I know w hat they mean.”

* * * *A 64-year-old marcher repre­

senting a union local, said he was surprised there were “ so very, very few, i f any” w h ite union members marching. “ I can’t un­

derstand this,” he mused. Another marcher intoned, “ I do under­stand.” He did not elaborate.

* * * *Another w hite marcher: “ W hat

this country needs is fo r whites to start demonstrating like the Negroes are doing.”

* * * «D etro it NAACP President Ed­

w ard Turner said the march in d i­cates the masses “ are suddenly in a mood to demand deliverance from the evils of segregation and race prejudice.” This is his w ay of expla in ing w hy on ly 350 people turned out to a s im ila r ra lly called by the NAACP in May. The NAACP leadership was one o f the groups tha t had to be dragged, k ick ing and resisting, to a ha lf­hearted endorsement o f the march at the last m inute. I t must have been the NAACP leaders who were suddenly in a new mood.

* * * *

Commented Cleage: “ The Coun­c il fo r Human Rights is a mass movement; i t represents the feel­ing and thought o f the Negroes here. The NAACP leadership Is not trusted. I t couldn’t be, bound hand and foot as i t is to labor groups and the Democratic Party.”

* * * *Said DCHR director James Del

R io: “ There w il l be no stopping. The movement has begun. I t is a mass movement. We couldn’t stop i t i f we wanted to. A ll we w il l be doing is d irecting it . ”

* ♦ * *

One of the fine things about th is march w hich ought to be im ita ted by a ll mass movements, is tha t i t inv ited a ll organizations advocating Negro equa lity to par­tic ipate — not ju s t some — not ju s t “ respectable” and “ approved" groups. Among the more than 100 partic ipa ting organizations listed on the o ffic ia l program card was the Socialist W orkers Party.

* * * *

The managing ed ito r o f the De­tro it Free Press contends tha t Rev. K in g ’s presence in D e tro it made the m ajor difference be­tween a “ m inor and a massive ef­fo r t” in the march. The same issue of the Free Press (June 25) quotes NAACP Secretary A rth u r John­son’s much more accurate ap­praisal on th is po in t: “ These peo­ple were not fo llow ing a leader. They were individuals, expressing themselves. I t was a great tr ibu te to Dr. K ing , bu t something very much lik e i t w ould have happened w ithou t h im .”

* * * *Rev. K in g pu t his foo t in his

mouth when he praised D e tro it’s “ w onderfu l police force.” D e tro it Negroes w ould never call the local cops w onderfu l — ju s t the op­posite.

* * * *

In his speech Rev. K in g took his usual crack at the B lack Mus­lim s: “ B lack supremacy is as bad as w h ite supremacy.” This idea happens to be w rong a ll the tim e — w hite supremacists are in power and “ black supremacists” (even i f the Muslims could be included in th is doubtfu l category) are not in power. This certa in ly makes a big difference in the ir degree o f “ bad­ness.” B u t K in g ’s rem ark wasespecially uncalled fo r on th is oc­casion. W hile the Muslim s d id not o ffic ia lly endorse the march, a l­though they had been inv ited to do so, many of the ir members participated in swelling the tu rn ­out.

* * * *

Said one Negro about K ing :“ K ing is a great man and a man of peace. I f everyone stood behind h im in th is situation, there w ould be no problem w ith violence.”

* * * *Another Negro disagreed: “ He

was a ll r ig h t fo r the m iddle fifties .

I suppose i t was sm art to start the movement on a non-vio lent basis. B u t now there are a lo t o f young Neogroes who are tired o f excuses, tired of rosy po litica l promises, tired o f fire hoses, police dogs and e lectrica lly charged pokers. They are about to give up on the ‘blood­less revo lu tion.’ I don’t believe they intend to back o ff now. Rev. K ing could lose his leadership position unless he can qu ick ly in ­fluence those who now hold the ‘chains.’”

* * * *

W alter Reuther’s big contribu­tion at the post-march ra lly was: “ I th in k this rem arkable demon­stration is most encouraging. I t indicates you can provide ap­propriate leadership in the strug­gle against d iscrim ination and you can s ti l l have a peaceful dem­onstration.”

* * * •

That was the theme w ith the big-business papers too. They a ll harped on how peaceful and or­de rly the demonstration was, as i f tha t was the most im portan t th ing. W ouldn’t a ll the demon­strations, N orth and South, be peaceful i f the cops and the a n ti- Negro elements d idn ’t attack them? A ll th is phony ta lk has the effect of somehow blam ing thedemonstrators when violence oc­curs. The fact is tha t violence is in va riab ly caused and provoked by the enemies of Negro equality.

* * » *

A t one po in t during the ra lly the s p ir it o f the crowd was so thoroughly dampened by the du ll speeches of Reuther, fo rm er Gov­ernor Swainson and D e tro it M ayor Cavanagh, tha t ushers were fin d ­ing i t impossible to get contribu­tions from the audience. Rev. Cleage was h u rr ied ly called to the m ike to help save the day. He was so successful in restoring the en­thusiasm of the crowd tha t a con­servative member of the com m it­tee panicked and tr ied to cut o ff the public address system to keep things from going too far. Un­like other speakers, Cleage was not a fra id to take some verbal swipes at Reuther and Cavanagh w h ile they sat on the p latform .

* * * *

A fte r the ra lly Cleage com­mented: “ I don’t th in k the pro­gram in general reflected the tem ­per of the people. In troducing a ll the old po litica l figures and lead­ers like Swainson, Reuther and Cavanagh was a mistake. Nobody wanted to hear them. They shouldn’t even have been on the p la tfo rm .”

* * * *Others were displeased by th is

too. One partic ipant was quoted

in the M ichigan Chronicle (June 29) as saying: “ I th in k they out­smarted us on our Freedom W alk. They took i t away from us! They took i t over! They ran it ! They as much as said, ‘I f you can’t l ic k them, jo in them.’ Do you th in k we gained anyth ing w ith tha t march?”

* * * *

Republican Governor Romney may have committed po litica l sui­cide on June 23, when, as a M or­mon, he refused to appear in pub­lic on Sunday. He therefore de­clined an inv ita tion to speak at Cobo Arena. Instead he pro­claimed Sunday “ M arch to Free­dom Day” and sent tw o o ffic ia l representatives. B u t the crowd booed them and local Republicans are w a lk ing around w ith gloom on th e ir faces th ink ing w hat th is w il l do to Romney’s presidentia l aspi­rations.

* • * *The great m a jo rity o f the dem­

onstrators never did get to hear K ing or the other speakers. A round 25,000 could be seated at Cobo Arena and another equal num ber found places outside where they could hear the loud­speakers. B u t most of the m arch­ers couldn’t even get close enough to hear. There was a reverse march back up W oodward by the thousands who couldn’t get buses. Some of the ir comments were as good or better than those of the o ffic ia l speakers. “ I w ould have listened, bu t I don’t care,” said one. “ I know w ha t K in g Cava­nagh and Reuther w ould say any­how. W hat counts is I had a chance to do some ta lk ing m yself today — w ith m y feet. Me, and a lo t more.”

* * * *The march was impressive and

insp iring in a w ay tha t’s hard to get in to words. I t must have made some people th in k : Suppose the labor movement got a tu rnou t fo r a demonstration like th is — to ­gether w ith and in addition to the Negro people — is there any power on earth tha t could stop them? Labor’s power is po ten tia lly great­er than th a t o f the Negroes. When i t jo ins the march tha t has been in itia ted by the Negroes, noth ing in the w orld can stop them from bu ild ing a new, better and more decent life fo r a ll who are now exploited and oppressed. June 23 was a promise, and a harbinger of the day tha t’s surely coming when the w hite workers w il l catch up w ith the ir Negro brothers and to ­gether they w i l l bu ild a new so­ciety based on the abundance they both w ant and the equality they both need.

Page Four THE M ILITANT Monday, Ju ly 10, 1963

the MILITANTE d ito r: JO SEPH H A N S E N

M anag ing E d ito r: GEORGE L A V A N Business M anager: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

P ub lished w e e k ly , excep t d u r in g J u ly and A u g us t w hen pub lished b i-w e e k ly , by The M ili ta n t P u b lis h in g Ass'n ., 118 U n iv e rs ity PL, N ew Y o rk 3. N .Y . Phone CH 3-2140. Second-class postage pa id a t N ew Y o rk , N .Y . S u b sc rip tio n : $3 a year; Canadian. $3.50; fo re ig n , $4.50. S igned a rtic le s b y c o n tr ib u to rs do n o t necessarily represen t The M i l i ta n t ’s v iew s. These are expressed in e d ito ria ls .

Vol. 27 - No. 26 •^ ^ ^ *•3 4 5 Monday, July 10, 1963

Don't Let Them Get Away With ItThe W ash ing ton p o lit ic ia n s — in th e W h ite House and in

Congress — are p la n n in g to g ive the N egro people th e same o ld ru n -a ro u n d . These pro fess iona l con m en th in k th e y have now w ea the red the s to rm o f N egro dem onstra tions and th a t b y im ­p roved a p p lica tio n o f the o ld tre a tm e n t they can come o u t o f the c ris is and th is session o f Congress w ith a w eak and tooth less c iv i l- r ig h ts act.

T hey w i l l , too, unless the N egro people keep up th e ir dem ­onstra tions th ro u g h o u t th e co u n try and th e n go dow n to W ash ing ­ton en masse to fo rce th ro u g h a la w , fu l l o f sharp en fo rcem ent tee th , es tab lish ing a l l th e ir c iv i l r ig h ts then and there.

M ost c iv i l- r ig h ts leaders w e re too la v ish in th e ir p ra ise o f K e n n e d y ’s June 11 T V speech m e re ly because he used the w ords “ m o ra l c ris is ,” “ N egro ,” and “ re v o lu tio n .” T h is la rg e ly exp la ins w h y K ennedy da red in tro d u ce a c iv il- r ig h ts package w h ic h was s® inadequate. I t con ta ins no dead line fo r school desegregation, its fa i r em p loym en t p rov is ions are tooth less a fte rth o u g h ts , ob­v io u s ly in tended to be d iscarded, and i t does n o t cover a ll c iv i l r ig h ts .

B u t K ennedy is n ’t even serious about g e ttin g th is inadequate package passed in ta c t. H ad he m eant business, he w o u ld have im m e d ia te ly gone to w o rk , c a llin g in each p o te n tia l f i l ib u s te re r and d o u b tfu l N o rth e rn Senator and Congressman, th re a te n in g th e m w ith loss o f fe d e ra l pa tronage and p o rk b a rre l a p p ro p ria ­tions unless th e y d id r ig h t. Instead, K en n e d y to o k a pow der to Europe.

A tto rn e y G enera l K ennedy began h is te s tim o n y w ith an o f­fe r to com prom ise — his s ta tem en t th a t “ M rs. Jones’ b o a rd in g ­house” need n o t be com pelled to stop d is c rim in a tin g . A d m in is ­tra t io n s tra tegy is to accept a ro tte n com prom ise a fte r N o rth e rn D em ocrats have ta lke d up a “ good re co rd ” fo r n e x t y e a r ’s elec­tio n cam paign.

W il l th e N egro people and th e ir tru e a llies accept th is sw ind le? O r w i l l th e y descend on W ash ing ton in th e ir m ig h t and dem and com ple te and e ffe c tive c iv i l- r ig h ts le g is la tio n now?

Equal Time and the *64 ElectionsThe House o f R epresentatives has passed a b i l l suspending

th e r ig h t to equa l ra d io and te lev is ion tim e fo r candidates fo r p re s id e n t and v ice -p re s id e n t in the 1964 elections. The b i l l is now be fo re the Senate w h e re i t is expected to pass. Once again m in o r ity pa rties are to be denied th e ir c o n s titu tio n a l r ig h t to be heard ove r the mass m edia as the n e a r-m onopo ly o f p o lit ic a l channels he ld by the R epublicans and D em ocrats is converted in to an absolute m onopo ly.

To suspend the r ig h t o f m in o r ity pa rties to be heard d u r in g an e lec tion is to deny the p u b lic th e r ig h t to hear d issen ting po in ts o f v ie w , and to tu rn th e a ir waves fro m p u b lic p ro p e rty in to the p r iv a te dom ain o f a h a n d fu l o f n e tw o rk and s ta tion ow ners. U n ­der such cond itions ou r “ fre e ” e lections w i l l become m ore o f a tra v e s ty than ever.

The tw o m a jo r reasons advanced fo r the suspension o f the e q u a l- tim e p ro v is io n w e re th a t i t w o u ld p e rm it s ta tions to g ive m ore fre e t im e to the R epublicans and D em ocrats, and th a t i t w o u ld m ake possib le the “ G rea t Debates” by a llo w in g te lev is ion broadcasters to l im i t p a rt ic ip a tio n to the tw o candidates fro m th e m a jo r parties .

The f i r s t reason has a lready been p roven false. FCC s ta tis ­tics show th a t a s im ila r suspension in 1960 resu lted in no m ore fre e tim e fo r th e m a jo r pa rties than in 1956. I t m e re ly excluded m in o r ity parties . As fo r th e second reason, the “ G rea t D ebates” them selves dem onstra ted the em ptiness o f “ debates” betw een tw o pa rties w h ich a re in fu n d a m e n ta l p o lit ic a l agreem ent.

Fund ScoreboardCity Quota Paid PercentBaltimore $ 120 $ 150 125Cleveland 500 584 117The General 395 455 115Connecticut 200 233 111Chicago 1,400 1,525 109San Diego 400 425 106Newark 225 245 104Allentown 150 150 100Boston 750 750 100Denver 130 130 100Detroit 900 902 100Los Angeles 6,300 6,300 100Milwaukee 350 350 100Minneapolis-St. Paul 1,000 1,000 100New York 5,800 5,800 100Oakland-Berkeley 750 750 100Philadelphia 300 300 100St. Louis 100 100 100San Francisco 750 750 100Seattle 600 600 100

Totals to June 15 $21,120 $21,499 102

THE CIVIL RIGHTS BATTLE FRO NT

Demonstrations Continue North and SouthJU LY 2 — Demonstrations by

Negroes seeking equality continue in both North and South. Conces­sions have been won in some areas, but in others the movement is meeting s tiff opposition and delaying tactics from racist o ff i­cials.

The Philadelphia movement fo r more jobs fo r Negroes pioneered a significant experiment in demon­stration techniques on June 24. A four-hour general work-stoppage by the c ity ’s Negroes was called “ to mourn fo r Medgar Evers.” The stoppage was called by Cecil Moore, local NAACP head, and was supported by CORE and an alliance of ministers. The c ity ’s top A FL-C IO offic ia ls opposed it, but some local unions gave sup­port.

C ity offic ia ls at f irs t threatened reprisals against c ity employes jo in ing the stoppage but la ter changed the ir tune. W hile i t is d iff ic u lt to estimate jus t how many actually stayed o ff the ir jobs tha t morning, observers in P h ila ­delphia generally agreed tha t a s ign ificant number did. Some 4,000 people picketed c ity hall during the stoppage.

In Mississippi, voter-registra­tion and d irect-action campaigns continued in the fact o f increasing violence and police harassment. In Etta Bena, Miss., on June 18 a smoke bomb was throw n at a voter-reg istra tion meeting. Ne­groes walked out of the meeting to go to the police to protest the lack of protection, bu t 58 were arrested then and there on charges of “ breach of the peace.”

Tw enty-n ine of the group — the others were children between ten and 17 years of age — were con­victed and sentenced- to six months in ja il and $500 fine each, w ith bonds set. at $500 fo r women and $750 fo r men. Robert Moses, d i­rector of the Student N onviolent C o-ordinating Committee’s voter- registration pro ject in Mississippi, appealed fo r financia l aid to bail the people out.

In Clarksdale, Miss., over 20 people were arrested last month fo r p icketing against segregation at the lib ra ry , c ity ha ll and the B e ll Telephone Co.

In A lbany, Ga., only seven out of a sta ff o f 26 SNCC workers remained out of ja il as of June 26. Police have been arresting the sta ff members on such charges as “ investigation of vagrancy.”

Greensboro, N. C., b irthplace of the s it- in movement which swept the South, has become an “ open c ity ” w ith v ir tu a lly a ll public

On June 15 The M ilita n t $21,000 Fund Campaign came to a success­fu l conclusion. A c tua lly we went over the top by tw o per cent. We w ish to take this opportun ity to thank a ll our loya l readers and friends fo r the ir generous support.

Since the Spring Fund Cam­paign in 1962 when we raised a lik e amount to increase the size o f the paper to eight pages, The M ilita n t has never fa iled in its pledge to b ring the tru th to its readers — the tru th w hich is sub­merged or distorted in the b ra in ­washing da ily press, radio and TV. We made another promise in that fund drive — to publish educa­tional, background m ateria l on po litica l and social uphealvals the w orld over.

Our readers got authentic docu­m entary m ateria l r ig h t out of Cuba — whole speeches by F idel Castro and President Dorticos; and firs t-hand reports from Canadians who are s ti l l free to trave l to Cuba to see fo r themselves.

We have w ritte n background stories on the peasants move-

Muslims Framed: The Final VerdictThe fina l ta lly on the

fram e-up tria l of the 14 Black Muslims in Los A n ­geles is as follows: 39 con­victions, 15 acquittals and five charges dismissed be­cause of the a ll-w h ite ju ry ’s fa ilure to reach agreement. Since there w ere m ultip le charges against most de­fendants, the result is: eleven guilty of some charges, two not guilty of a ll charges, one acquitted because of the ju ry ’s disagreement. The last issue of The M ili ta n t erred in totaling the convictions and acquittals. Sentencing is set for July 16.

fac ilities desegregated, according to the Congress of Racial Equality. Desegregation fo llowed tw o waves o f massive demonstrations in May and June.

CANTON, Miss., June 27 — Ben Lewis, a w hite gas-station attend­ant, was arrested yesterday on charges of shooting at five young Negroes here tw o days ago fo l­low ing a CORE voter-reg istra tion meeting. The five were h it by shotgun pellets — as police stood by and watched — and were taken to a hospital fo r treatment. They were released the next morning. The charges against Lew is are “ u n la w fu lly po in ting and un law ­fu lly discharging a firea rm .”

D A N V ILLE , Va. — Police ra id ­ed the church headquarters of c iv il-r ig h ts leaders here, seeking several persons indicted by a grand ju ry June 21 on charges of “ inc iting to r io t.” Those against whom indictm ents were brought include James Forman, executive secretary of the Student Non­v io lent Co-ordinating Committee, A tto rney Len H olt, and Rev. C ur­tis H a rris and Dr. M ilton Reed of the Southern C hristian Leadership Conference. A lm ost 100 persons were arrested in D anville demon­strations in May and June, and some 40 persons were in ju red by police clubs and fire hoses. CORE has also been active in the Dan­v ille drive.

GADSDEN, Ala., Ju ly 1 — The Gadsden T ransit Company has promised to begin tota l desegre-

ments in Mexico and Peru, Para­guay and Uruguay. We have re ­ported and analyzed the A lgerian revolution; the curren t r i f t be­tween Moscow and Peking; the w ar in V ietnam and Laos; the revolutions and counter-revolu­tions in A frica .

The Negro people’s va lian t fig h t fo r Freedom Now has and w il l continue to get p r io r ity in our columns. This fig h t is no longer a legal battle fo r desegregation of schools, trains, buses, and lunch counters. The slogan Freedom Now means jus t w hat i t says — fu ll social, po litica l and economic free­dom fo r a 19-m illion m in o rity of our population. The ir supporters must be a ll o f us, regardless of race, na tiona lity or relig ion. The M ilita n t has proved tha t i t is a partisan in tha t figh t.

You, the ind iv idua l reader, too, can prove your partisanship w ith a ll the beleagured peoples in our own country and the rest of the w orld , by continuing to support The M ilita n t both w ith your sub­scriptions and your T ru th Dollars.

gation of its buses. C ity officia ls have promised to b ring about the w ithd raw a l of state troopers and Negro leaders have suspended demonstrations in the hope of fu rth e r progress.

Some 500 demonstrators were arrested here recently. Some of them were shocked by electric prod poles — both outside and inside the ja il. A fie ld secretary fo r SNCC reported tha t police beat at. least tw o Negro teen-agers here June 26 a fte r 15 demonstrators were arrested tha t afternoon. C lub-sw inging state troopers in i­tiated the violence and the use of prod poles on June 19. Questioned about the b ru ta lity , A lbe rt Lingo, commander of the state troopers, to ld reporters: “ I can’t help i t i f these people ran in to each other.” CORE Field Secretaries M arvin Robinson and M ary Ham ilton have been arrested here. The dem­onstrators are being released on bonds ranging from $100 to $500. according to Etowah County o f­ficials.

SAVANN AH, Georgia, June 25— An executive committee mem­ber of the Student N onviolent Co-ordinating Committee is being held w ithou t bond here a fte r his th ird consecutive arrest on tres­passing charges. In A tlanta , the student anti-segregation group asked A tto rney General Robert Kennedy to investigate the arrest of 19-year-old Benjam in Van C lark and called the incident “ a basic v io la tion of c iv il rights.”

Van C lark was arrested yester­day as he partic ipated in a dem­onstration against segregation here. He was refused bond under a c ity ordinance w h ich forbids bail to anyone arrested three times on the same charge.

State and c ity police had fired tear gas at 2,600 Negroes here June 19 as they kne lt on the street in fro n t of the c ity ja il, protesting the arrest of 400 dem­onstrators earlie r tha t day. That fo llowed tw o weeks of protests under the leadership of Van C lark and Hosea W illiam s of the Chatham County Crusade fo r Voters. The demonstrators have been asking fo r desegregation of a ll hotels, motels, restaurants, cabs and other public facilities.

With or Without Strings?

A group of rich, w h ite contrib ­utors to the c iv il-r ig h ts move­ment were called to a secret meet­ing at New Y o rk ’s Carlyle Hotel June 19, according to a report in 1he Ju ly 1 National Observer. A t the meeting, says the Observer, the fo llow ing occurred:

“ In b lunt terms, three of A m er­ica’s most in flu e n tia l Negroes — W hitney Young of the Urban League, Roy W ilk ins of the NAACP, and James Farm er of the Congress of Racial Equality— explained tha t the Negro lead­ership faced a pa in fu l, i f some­w hat ironic, dilemma. The Negro revolt, which they as leaders had encouraged, was in serious danger of getting out of hand. Revolu­tions, they said, have a distress­ing habit o f devouring th e ir lead­ers, and th is one is no exception. The ir aim was not to stop the movement to w hich they had been so long com m itted; the ir aim was to d iscipline it, to d irect the energies of 18 m illio n im patient Negroes to peaceful ends, and thus to prevent the movement from collapsing of its own weight and violence. And fo r th is task they needed money and man­power. The Negro leaders made the ir point. By the end of the meeting, $550,000 had been raised, and, according to insiders, the tota l sum is now close to $850,- 000.”

Militant Fund Drive

We Made It With a Bit to Spare!By M arve l Scholl

National Fund D rive D irector

Monday, July 10, 1963 THE M ILITANT Page Five

An Urgent Call to Aid AlgeriaA LG IE R S , June 20 — On closing its sessions here yester­

day, the European Conference fo r Nongovernm ental A id to A lgeria issued the following appeal:

“A fte r seven years of a cruel w ar, A lgeria was left w ith 250,000 orphans, 800,000 displaced persons, thousands of destroyed villages, an illite racy rate of 80 per cent, entire regions w ithout medical help, a thousand plants abandoned by key personnel, an economy disorganized by the massive departure of Europeans.

“A lgeria needs medical instructors, industrial and agri­cu ltural specialists, skilled workers, people w illin g to gener­ously share th e ir know -how w ith the A lgerian people.

“A lgeria needs equipment and supplies in a ll fields: tractors, medical units and furnishings, mobile clinics, hos­pita l equipment, school supplies, books for libraries.

“A lgeria needs food for its children, clothing, medicine.“A lgeria needs understanding of its difficulties, its e f­

forts, its hopes. I t needs the truth , so often falsified, to be spoken out vigorously and clearly.

“A t this moment when the A lgerian workers are ex­pressing the ir determ ination to w ork out the ir own destiny, declaring that they are taking the road to socialism, the 150 participants who came from ten countries to the E u ­ropean Conference fo r Nongovernm ental A id to A lgeria, held June 15-19<, 1963, m ake an urgent appeal to international opinion to ra lly in support of the N ew Algeria.

“W e especially appeal to w orkers’ organizations, trade unions, co-operatives, youth movements, civic bodies, fa rm ­ers’ associations* and in te llectual groups to undertake rapid and effective action.

“The heroic struggle of the A lgerian people for indepen­dence has won the adm iration of the entire world.

“Long live friendship and solidarity w ith the N ew A l­geria!”

.. .Conference of Fourth In t’ l(Continued from Page 1)

which was attended by IC dele­gates as observers, spent a fu ll day discussing a report by M ichel Pablo on the A lgerian Revolu­tion. There was unanimous agree­ment tha t A lgeria may now begin to play the role in A frica and the A rab w orld w hich Cuba has played in L a tin America. The Congress resolved to do its utmost to help mobilize aid fo r the A lgerian Revolution.

In sharp contrast to the bureau­cratic and s tiflin g atmosphere tha t pervades most trade-union, Social-Democratic and Communist pa rty assemblies, the Congress was notable fo r its s tr ic t adher­ence to democratic rales. D if­ferences between two main tend­encies w hich were present were amply and clearly debated. Fo l­low ing the vote, representation was assured the m in o rity in the incom ing leadership on the basis of the support it won among the delegates.

Points of D ifferenceThe points of dispute between

the m a jo rity , headed by P ierre Frank, E. Germain and L iv io M aitan, and the m ino rity headed by M ichel Pablo revolved around d iffe ren t estimates of how nuclear w ar w il l be prevented; the in te r­relationship between various sec­tors of the w orld revo lu tion; the significance of the Chinese-Soviet dispute and w hat the attitude of Trotskyists should be toward it ; and the record of the outgoing leadership.

The debate took place around the m a jo rity documents: “ The Dynamics of W orld Revolution Today,” a study of the dialectics of the m ajor trends in the current revo lu tionary process; “ The Sino- Soviet C onflic t and the Situation in the USSR and the Other W ork­ers States,” which analyzes the crisis in the S ta lin is t movement and defines the stand of the w orld T ro tskyis t movement in re-

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la tion to it ; and “ The In te rna­tiona l S ituation and O ur Tasks,” a description of immediate w orld trends along w ith proposed con­crete tasks fo r the Trotskyist movement.

A counter document presented by M ichel Pablo, “ Theses on the New In ternationa l S ituation and the Tasks of the Fourth In te rna­tiona l,” summarizes in concise form points developed extensively in a number of other documents submitted fo r in terna l discussion since October 1961.

SWT StatementIn addition to the three m a jo r­

ity documents, the Reunification Congress adopted a statement by the P o litica l Committee of the So­cia list Workers Party, “ For Early Reunification of the W orld T ro t­skyist Movement,” proposing the basic po litica l positions and con­ditions fo r the reunifica tion of a ll the forces of w orld Trotskyism. The Socialist W orkers Party of the United States, w h ile not af­filia ted because of reactionary legislation, maintains close fra ­ternal interest in the life of the Fourth International.

D uring the proceedings, the delegates observed a m inute of silence in memory of the late Natalia Sedova, the companion of Leon Trotsky, m artyred founder of the Fourth International. S im ­ila r tr ibu te was paid to T ro tsky­is t leaders Sherry Mangan and Fernando Bravo who died since the previous congress.

The gathering called fo r an energetic campaign in defense of Hugo Blanco, leader of the Peruvian peasants who was re­cently arrested, and Ismael Frias, another Peruvian T ro tskyis t lead­er, who has been held in prison.

I t declared its so lidarity w ith the Ind ian Trotskyists and le ft- w ing Communists imprisoned by the Nehru regime fo r the ir oppo­sition to the super patrio tism whipped up over the Ind ian- Chinese border dispute.

The un ifica tion brought together the main forces of the w orld T ro tskyis t movement. Hold-outs include an u ltra - le ft current in La tin Am erica, fo rm erly adhering to the IEC, and the B ritish and French sections of the IC. A l­though inv ited to send observers, they declined. The Congress, how­ever, reaffirm ed its appeal fo r the un ifica tion o f a ll T ro tskyist forces.

REPORT FROM ALGIERS

Europeans’ Aid Parley Huge SuccessBy Ross Dowson

ALGIERS, June 19 — The five - day European Conference fo r Non­governmental A id to A lgeria closed this afternoon in th is capital of the new ly forged Popular and Democratic Republic of A lgeria. I t was a tremendous success on a ll counts.

A lgeria ’s President Ben Bella addressed the fina l session. The evening before he had held a sup­per-reception fo r the delegates in the Palais du Peuple, fo rm erly the palace of French governor- generals. The previous afternoon, accompanied by m ajor cabinet m inisters, the president delivered an o ffic ia l address of welcome capped by an hour or more of answering questions asked by the delegates assembled in the audi­to rium of the Palais du Gouvem - ment. The entire A lgerian press fo llowed the da ily progress of the conference and gave i t extensive coverage.

Some 150 delegates came to ­gether from ten d iffe ren t countries to partic ipate in the sessions con­vened at Ben Aknoun on the out­skirts of the c ity. The delegations contained in the ir ranks leading personalities of various po litica l tendencies, includ ing many of in ­ternational prominence.

Among the B ritish delegates were tw o Labour Party M P ’s, the editors of New L e ft Review, Union Voice, Peace News, and persons associated w ith other journals of the left. In his short address to the opening session on the ir be­half, M P John B aird read a mes­sage of so lida rity from the eminent mathematician and philosopher Bertrand Russell.

Prom inent among the French delegates were jou rna lis t Claude Bourdet, h istorian Daniel Guerin, and leading partisans of A lge ria ’s struggle fo r independence during the seven and a h a lf years of m ur­derous straggle waged by French im peria lism to m ainta in its grip on the country.

Ahmed Ben Bella

There were leading unionists from Germany, Belgium, France and Ita ly , and representatives of the Spanish and Portuguese un­derground.

Among the observers were lead­ers of the In te rnationa l Confed­eration of Free Trade Unions and the W orld Federation of Trade Unions, three representatives of the trade unions of the USSR, the ambassador from Hungary, the firs t secretary of the Czechoslova­kian embassy, and a representa­tive of the Cuban government.

Opening AddressesThe opening address by the

head of the presidium , Le lio Bas­so, a deputy and the form er gen­eral secretary of the Ita lian So­cia list party, was followed by a series of short addresses. Ernest Mandeb editor of the Belgian weekly, La Gauche, won vigorous applause.

Among the presidium were B r it ­

ish Labour Member of Parliam entS. Awbery, R. Anderson (Den­m ark). Dutch socialist youth lead­er H u ib R iethof, J. C. GiUet (UNEF, ASFA ) France, and Helen Raptis.

W ith the adoption of an agenda the delegates participated in a series of commissions where, on the basis of reports delivered by representatives of appropriate gov­ernment m inistries, they studied the widespread and most urgent needs of the A lgerian people.

Technicians NeededThe crucial need fo r technicians

of every k ind was graphica lly in ­dicated by the observation of a government representative to the commission on agricu lture tha t o f the 80 veterianarians under French ra le only six have re­mained in the country. An on-the- spot p icture was provided the del­egates by tours arranged to various projects in the A lg iers d istrict. Delegates also had an opportun ity to v is it farms and plants desert­ed by the ir fo rm er owners, in many cases a fte r extensive sabot­age of equipment, tha t have re­cently been brought under w o rk ­ers’ management.

A few of the requirements were f ille d on the spot. Various del­egates pledged immediate and spe­c ific action on behalf of th e ir o r­ganizations. Others gave assur­ances of an a ll-o u t campaign through organizations already w ork ing to aid A lgeria o r organ­izations in the process of being bu ilt.

Offices are now being set up by the government through the Bu­reau National d’A n im ation du Sec- teur Socialiste, Palais du Gouver- nement, A lgiers, A lgeria. This o f­fice w il l co-ordinate the w o rk now being done by already existing bodies in Europe and bodies w h ich must be set up elsewhere across the w orld. Fu rthe r in form ation about helping the New A lgeria can be obtained by w rit in g to th is address.

... D etroit March Was a Record-Breaker(Continued from Page 1)

warranted. I t was as though the mostly Negro sidewalk crowds were saying: “ We appreciate your support, even i f your num ­bers are few .”

In the June 17 M ilita n t, we wrote that i f the march succeeded in m obiliz ing 100,000:

“ I t would signal a tu rn ing point in the Negro struggle jus t as sig­n ifican t as the student s it-ins did in the South three years ago. I t w ould fu rth e r weaken the hold of the conservative and gradualist Negro leadership, who have now lost the in itia tive . I t w ould inspire the Negro masses w ith greater confidence in the ir own independ­ent strength and encourage them to re ly on it, ra ther than on phony allies, and i t would help to p ro ­duce a new and more radical leadership . . . . The big th ing about this march, therefore, w il l be the size of the turnout. That is w hat the Negroes’ friends and foes w il l be watching. The size of the march w il l be more im por­tan t than the plans of the leaders, the program of Rev. K ing, and even the specific slogans carried by various groups.”

I t seems to us tha t this analysis has been confirm ed by events. The tu rnou t was so big tha t i t overshadowed everyth ing else. The masses of the Negro ghetto stepped onto the stage and in te r­vened — so decisively that nobody could misunderstand or ignore what they were saying. The De­tro it Free Press quoted a DCHR o ffic ia l as saying: “ You know, D e tro it w il l never be the same after th is day.” And the Free Press managing editor, F rank A n ­gelo, commented, w ith some glumness: “ He had a point.”

Angelo understands tha t the march was a “ giant economic and

po litica l force” tha t w il l have a “ long-lasting im pact on the com­m un ity ,” especially the Negro leadership. The group tha t organ­ized i t “ moves into a strong posi­tion, which means tha t D etro it w il l hear more from the D etro it Council fo r Human Rights.”

He quotes one of its leaders’ critic ism s of the “ o ld-guard” Ne­gro leaders: “ Our Negro leader­ship had become loo close to the w h ite com m unity and was losing contact w ith the Negro m an-in - the street.” The DCHR leaders, among whom he lists Rev. C. L. F rank lin , Rev. A lbe rt B. Cleage Jr., and James Del Rio, are ob­viously going to m aintain better contact w ith the Negro masses than the “ old guard.” They rep­resent the more m ilita n t w ing of the present Negro movement. They, and Cleage especially, have been denounced by the w hite papers and o ld-guard Negroes as “ too nationalist.” The Negro masses don’t seem to regard tha t as any k ind of drawback. The ap­plause fo r Cleage at the post­march ra lly r iva lled tha t given Rev. K ing.

Angelo sees some hope, how­ever: The DCHR leaders “ are not unchallenged.” He recalls that “ long-tim e leaders in the Negro com m unity made an e ffo rt early in the planning stages fo r the 'W alk to Freedom’ to take control of this march but they were re­pulsed. However, they have not been idle. P ractica lly a ll o f them marched Sunday and they s till head organizations tha t represent thousands of D etro it Negroes. As a result o f the march, i t can be expected, however, that they w il l become firm e r in the ir demands fo r progress w hich they have been negotiating fo r years.

So already the DCHR has had

an im portant impact. By its very existence, i t has, like the Muslims, forced the o ld-guard leaders to the le ft, or to the appearance of being more m ilita n t. That is a ll to the good.

But the DCHR is facing a test, too. I t has a tremendous reservoir of confidence among the masses. It. has a broad base as w e ll as high prestige. B u t i t can’t stand s till. I t w il l have to go beyond the old guard in action as w e ll as words. I t w il l have to learn to resist the k ind of pressures tha t caused the last m inute additions of w hite liberals like W alter Reuther, M ayor Cavanagh and ex- Governor Swainson to the pro­gram of the post-march ra lly despite p rio r agreement in the committee not to.

Rev. Cleage, leader of the most m ilita n t w ing o f the DCHR, leaves the fu tu re o f the Council open. “ This depends on how ac­curately i t assesses w hat the masses of the Negroes w ant,” he replied to m y question on the sub­ject. “ I t is too early to say they have arrived. They could easily fa ll in to the same mistakes as the old leadership. I don’t know fo r sure tha t they w il l continue to guide mass protests. I hope they w il l continue to re flect the Negro masses. I f they try to ‘use’ people, they w il l w ind up jus t like a ll the other organizations.”

For the present, the DCHR has earned the rig h t to the support and aid of a ll the m ilitan t, radical and revo lu tionary Negroes and the ir w h ite allies. Where i t goes from here w ill determ ine whether or not i t w il l be able to keep this support and bu ild the type of movement tha t w il l resu lt in June 23 becoming the f irs t in a series of beautifu l days, a ll over the N orth as w e ll as in D etro it.

Page Six THE M ILITANT Monday, July 10, 1963

THE SINO-SOVIET DISPUTE

The Chinese Letter That Brought Rift to Breaking Point

D ID K H R U S H C H E V RENEG E? In 1955 N orth Vietnamese Pres­ident Ho C hi M inh was received in Moscow by then Soviet President K lem enty Voroshilov. Ho Chi M inh was there to w in Soviet backing on demand for free elections in South V ietnam and reunification of country. There is no record of any serious effort by Khrushchev to help realize this and the N orth V ie t­namese have lined up w ith China in current dispute.

B y W illia m F . W ardeA series of sharp clashes cu l­

m inating in the expulsion of five Chinese Communists from the Soviet U nion has brought S ino- Soviet relations close to the break­ing po in t and reduced to a m in i­m um any chances of settling the ir differences at the conference scheduled to begin Ju ly 5 in Moscow.

The latest breach between Mos­cow and Peking was precipitated by publication of a long le tte r ad­dressed by the Chinese to the So­v ie t Central Committee on June 14. I t lis ted 25 questions they wanted discussed at the meeting and set fo rth Peking’s positions in a manner tha t leaves l it t le room fo r compromise. This critic ism of Khrushchev’s policies was not de­signed to clear the w ay fo r con­c ilia tion bu t fo r a confrontation of opposing views on a ll the main issues in dispute.

The Soviet Central Committee responded by accusing the Chinese o f g iv ing an “ a rb itra ry in terpreta­tion ” of Communist doctrine, m ak­ing “ unwarranted attacks on the Communist pa rty o f the Soviet U nion and other fra te rna l parties,” and v io la ting an agreement to cease “ open polemics.”

Peking, w hich has published a ll the m ajor po licy statements on both sides, challenged Moscow to do likew ise so tha t the “ Soviet people can th in k fo r themselves and judge who is r ig h t and who is w rong.” However, the Central Committee refused to publicize the Chinese le tte r on the p re text tha t i t w ould “ lead to a fu rth e r aggravation o f the polemics.” The Chinese Communists derided the Russian leaders fo r suppressing the other side of the debate.

They were fu rth e r incensed by the fact tha t Moscow papers pub­lished the fu l l te x t o f President Kennedy’s recent speech at A m er­ican U n ive rs ity w h ile refusing to p r in t the Chinese letter.

W hen Chinese embassy person­nel in Moscow gave a Russian transla tion o f th e ir document to Soviet citizens, the K re m lin re­ta lia ted by demanding the recall o f five Chinese, inc lud ing three embassy offic ia ls, fo r c ircu la ting hostile propaganda. The expelled men were welcomed w ith bou­quets in Peking.

The Chinese Central Committee announced i t w ould go ahead w ith

the opening of the talks, despite this provocation. I t warned tha t measures taken by the Soviet leaders “ constitute a serious step in worsening Chinese-Soviet re la­tions and in m anufacturing a sp lit in the in ternationa l Communist movement.”

Since last w in te r the Soviet spokesmen had suspended open argument w ith the Chinese either to lessen the tension before the ir ta lks or out of a feeling tha t they had more to lose than gain by continuing the controversy. Khrushchev sought to exp lo it Castro’s five-w eek v is it to the Soviet Union to demonstrate So­v ie t so lidarity w ith Cuba, to counteract continued c ritic ism of his actions in the Caribbean crisis last fa ll, and secure Havana’s neu tra lity in the dispute w ith Peking.

The Chinese Communists have been fa r more vocal and vigorous in pressing the ir line. In a May 15th le tte r from Peking, Anna Louise Strong reports tha t the

Tito

Chinese do not expect the Ju ly conference to settle anything, bu t ra ther to be one o f many con­ferences to come. She points out tha t the tw o parties do not even agree on the agenda. The Chinese proposed in a le tte r of M arch 9 tha t the f irs t o f the five m ain sub­jects fo r discussion should be “ the strategy and tactics o f revolution in the contemporary w orld .” The Soviet rep ly o f M arch 30 om itted th is not un im portan t topic and substituted one on “ co-existence and disarmament.” There are no

differences on these points, she says, since the Chinese likew ise favo r disarmament and co-exist­ence between d iffe ren t social sys­tems. The real differences revolve around the problems of strategy in the present w orld situation.

This is emphasized in the C h i­nese le tte r w hich defines the ir general line as “ one of resolute revo lu tionary struggle by the peo­ple of a ll countries, and o f ca rry ­ing the pro letarian w orld revo lu­tion forw ard to the end.” This, they said, w ould most e ffective ly combat im peria lism and defend w orld peace.

W ithou t m entioning Khrushchev and his colleagues by name, the le tte r assails “ certain persons in the Communist movement” fo r taking a “ passive or scornful or negative a ttitude toward the strug­gles of the oppressed nations fo r libera tion .” The Peking newspa­per, Jenm in J ih Pao, spelled out w hat th is means now in Southeast Asia by ca lling upon the Soviet Union to support the liberation movement in Laos against U.S. “ aggression and in te rvention” and suggesting that Moscow had not adequately distinguished “ r ig h t from wrong” in tha t country.

“ Erroneous Views”The le tte r condemned as “ er­

roneous views” a ll the Soviet posi­tions w hich diverge from those of the Chinese. These include the associated beliefs tha t “ the con­trad ic tion between the pro le taria t and bourgeosie can be resolved w ithou t proletarian revo lu tion in each country” and tha t the “ con­trad iction between oppressed na­tions and im peria lism can be re ­solved w ithou t revolution by the oppressed nations.”

The message attacked the K rem ­l in ’s doctrine tha t the “ contradic­tion between the two w orld sys­tems of socialism and capitalism w il l autom atica lly disappear in the course o f ‘economic competi­tion ’ and tha t a ‘w orld w ithou t wars’ w ould then appear.”

I t condemned any Communist country tha t “ demands tha t other fra te rna l countries subm it to its needs” and “ even goes to the length of pu tting economic pres­sure on other fra te rna l countries.” The response tha t th is com plaint w ould receive in certain East Eu­ropean countries was indicated by the defiance by the Romanian Communists who p rin ted a lengthy summary of the Chinese critic ism . This refusal to fo llo w Moscow’s lead is prompted by resistance to Soviet proposals to res tric t Ro­mania’s industria liza tion through the Council fo r M utua l Economic Assistance (COMECON).

A lbania IssueThe Chinese le tte r also de­

manded that Moscow mend its re­lations w ith A lban ia and said tha t anyone who followed the policies o f the “ Yugoslav revisionists” or helped capita lis t countries to at­tack “ fra te rna l socialist countries” was “ betraying the interests o f the entire in ternationa l p ro le taria t and the people of the w orld .” This c learly referred to the support given by Moscow and the m a jo rity o f the Indian CP to Nehru in the Ind ia-C hina border conflict.

The Chinese also made i t p la in tha t they intend to m ainta in the ir opposition to Khrushchev’s de- S talin ization measures. They ask­ed fo r discussion of the “ critic ism of S talin ism ” and other matters raised at the 20th and 22nd Con­gress of the Soviet CP.

The Chinese le tte r is especially notew orthy fo r upholding S ta lin ’s conceptions of bu ild ing socialism in a single country and fo r the necessity of continuing and in ten­s ify ing the class struggle through the dictatorship of the pro le taria t “ fo r the entire h istorica l period of the transition from capitalism to communism.” These doctrines, counterposed to any relaxation of police-state methods, provided ideological jus tifica tion fo r the un­

m itigated despotism of the Stalin era.

The le tte r warned the Soviet leaders tha t “ to entrust the fate of the people and of m ankind to collaboration w ith U nited States im peria lism is to lead the people astray." This w arn ing was met by President Kennedy’s concilia tory speech on Soviet-U.S. relations at Am erican U n ive rs ity June 16 w h ich was calculated to stiffen Khrushchev’s stand against the pressures from Peking and its sup­porters.

On June 21 Jenm in J ih Pao declared tha t the “ peace gestures” of the Kennedy adm inistration were a “ most cunning and vicious move” to sow discord between China and the Soviet Union and “ underm ine the socialist camp.” I t said tha t the Yugoslav Commu­nists are “ beside themselves w ith jo y ” at Kennedy’s speech.

T ito Speech

Washington’s d ip lom atic e ffo rt came a fte r a m a jo r foreign policy speech by President T ito to the Central Committee of the Yugos­lav Communist League in May along para lle l lines. T ito advised against any “ compromise or un­princip led agreements” at the ex­pense o f others, or at the expense of the fundam ental principles upon w h ich the contemporary struggle fo r socialism rests.

N either side is disposed to y ie ld any ground to the other as the dispute moves toward a clim ax. The Chinese leaders are getting ready, not fo r a rapprochement, bu t fo r a prolonged fig h t against Khrushchev’s course.

A jo in t Chinese-North Korean communique, signed in Peking June 23, condemned the Russian stand on “ peaceful co-existence” and denounced Khrushchev fo r try in g to w in agreement w ith U.S. im peria lism “ by begging.” I t brushed aside the K re m lin ’s ap­peal to end public critic ism of each other, demanded equa lity in the talks, and insisted tha t the participants should not “ force the w il l o f one party o r country on another.”

The next day Pravda rebuked the Chinese fo r renew ing open polemics. This was the f irs t time the K rem lin has pub lic ly criticized the top Chinese leaders. The Mos­cow papers repeated tha t the Cen­tra l Committee resolution had in ­structed the Soviet delegation to the J u ly ta lks to fo llow “ unswerv­in g ly ” the Khrushchev policies.

Both sides are busy solic iting

support fo r the ir line from the other Communist parties and even in those parties’s ranks over the heads of the ir leaders. The Soviet blackout of the Chinese commu­nication is connected w ith a th in ­ly -ve iled suggestion tha t the Khrushchev leadership ought to be removed. I t accuses Moscow of “ crudely in te rfe ring in the in ­terna l a ffa irs of other fra te rna l Parties and fra te rna l countries and fo rc ing other fra te rna l Par­ties to change the ir leadership in order to impose the ir own w rong line on these parties. W hat is a ll th is i f not great-power chauvan- inism, sectarianism and splittism . W hat is a ll th is i f not subversion?”

A t another po in t the le tte r says: “ I f the leading group in any party adopt a non-revo lu tionary line and convert i t in to a re form ist party , then M arx is t-Len in is ts inside and outside the P arty w il l replace them and lead the people in m ak­ing revo lu tion . . . I f Communists slide down the path of opportun­ism, they w il l degenerate in to bourgeois nationalists and become appendages of the im perialists and the reactionary bourgeoisie.”

Thus the document no t only contains a po litica l p la tfo rm fo r organizing opposition to K hrush­chev’s line bu t also an im p lic it d i­rective fo r Peking’s sympathizers to do so. The faction fights, ex­pulsions and resignations w hich have already taken place in the Belgian, B razilian and A ustra lian Communist parties w il l be ex­tended elsewhere i f the Ju ly meet­ing turns out to be as fru itless and em bittered as these preparatory clashes portend.

Moscowvs.

PekingThe Meaning

By William F. Warde

Of the Great DebateThe first comprehensive appraisal of

the Sino-Soviet dispute from a Marxist standpoint

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Monday, July 10, 1963 THE M ILITANT Page Seven

^tcitcA A J ’Avm O uh <Rcads2MKennedy and "Violence"

New York, N.Y.In his June 19 speech on c iv il

righ ts President Kennedy con­demned “ m elodram atic” demon­strations, saying tha t “ they are not the w ay in which th is coun­tr y should r id itse lf o f racial dis­crim ination .” H ypocritica lly , he te lls A fro -Am erican citizens that “ violence is never jus tified .”

How about Vietnam? I f “ v io ­lence is never ju s tified ,” M r. Ken­nedy should prove it by taking the Am erican troops out of South Vietnam. U n til he does, le t h im te ll Barnett and the rest of the rascists tha t “ violence is never jus tified .” I w ould like to ask the president i f violence was jus tified when he sponsored the invasion of Cuba. Kennedy should tjave said “ violence is never jus tified unless I am behind it . ”

Speaking of Cuba, remember R. H a rt Phillips? She is the New Y ork Times correspondent who used to w rite a ll those vicious articles about the Cuban Revolu­tion. In the June 23 issue of the Times she has a story on the

10 YEARS AGO

IN THE M IL IT A N T“ Three k ille r cops, each of whom

took the life of a Negro — one in Alabama, one in F lo rida and one in New Y ork — were whitewashed by court and government offic ia ls and are free to continue the ir murderous gunplay.

“ In B irm ingham , Ala., David (L itt le Buddy) G arrett, 27-year- o ld Negro coal m iner, was shot and k ille d on June 14 by police pa tro l wagon d rive r R.G. L u t- tre ll . . .

“ In M iam i, Fla., Emmet Je ffe r­son, a 30-year-old Negro, was shot and k ille d on Christmas Day last year in the yard of his home by policeman Paul V. M inn ick . . .

“ In Rosedale, N.Y., Fred North, 34-year-old Negro butler, was shot and k ille d on June 25 by Bruce W erelinger, a probationary cop on the police force fo r five months, who was o ff du ty and in c iv ilian clothes . . .

“ These k illings are part o f the grim pattern of ‘legalized’ police m urder attacks on the Negro peo­ple tha t is tak ing the place of the cruder lynchings tha t have draw n widespread attention and pro­tests.” — Ju ly 6, 1953.

20 YEARS AGO“ A series of assaults upon the

Negro people throughout the coun­try has reached a bloody clim ax in D etro it. This latest ferocious lynch attack murdered 24 Negroes, beat and in ju red hundreds, struck te rro r in to the hearts of D e tro it’s com m unity of almost 200,000 Ne­groes. This was not a ‘race r io t ’ bu t an unprovoked attack by ‘w h ite supremacy’ mobs.

“ The hoodlums who constituted the lynch mobs in D e tro it operated w ith comparative im m unity . That is proven not on ly by the many eye-witness accounts testify ing tha t the police either tolerated or d irectly aided the mobsters, bu t also by the o ffic ia l figures show­ing tha t 85% of those arrested were Negroes. Emboldened by the ir success, the hoodlums are undoubtedly ready fo r fu rth e r lynch attacks against the Negro people . . .

“ These attacks are an inevitable outgrow th of the J im Crow sys­tem fostered by reactionary cap­ita lis t interests, protected by the Democratic and Republican par­ties, and buttressed by the gov­ernm ent’s policies of d iscrim ina­tion against Negroes in w ar in ­dustry and segregation in the armed forces.” — Ju ly 3, 1943.

struggle fo r freedom in Savannah, Georgia. Here is one section of her story:

“ The attitude of the business­men has hardened against de­mands fo r desegregation largely on the basis tha t they w il l not y ie ld to mob pressure.”

The racists claim that in up­holding J im Crow they are resist­ing the Negro “ mob.” In present­ing th is phony argument as good coin, Mrs. P h illips is whitewash­ing the racists. I t gives a good clue to the biased nature of her reporting from Cuba. And i f a paper like the Times perm its such reporting, is i t any wonder the Am erican people don’t know the tru th about Cuba?

J.S.

A Negro in CourtD etro it, M ich.

A friend of m ine was in court last week and the case before his involved a Negro teen-ager who had been picked up fo r fighting.

The young man’s arm was in a sling, having been broken the n igh t before at the police station.

The judge to ld him , “ Since you have already been p a rtia lly pun­ished, I ’m going to le t you go on a year’s probation.”

N X .

Hard Facts on Latin AmericaCleveland, Ohio

Sweeping changes are due to take place throughout La tin America in the near future.

The average per capita income of L a tin Am erica’s 200 m illion people is a th ird of tha t of West­ern Europe and a seventh of that of the U nited States. A t the pres­ent rate of economic grow th i t w il l take La tin Am erica 252 years to reach a level one th ird tha t of the present U.S. average income, according to the L a tin American Journal.

There are not only appalling deficiencies in housing, education, health services and w ater supplies. A g ricu ltu ra l production, upon w hich the region depends, is at a lower level today than i t was 25 years ago.

H a lf of a ll the agricu ltu ra l land in La tin America is owned by only 1.5 per cent of the people.

The grow th rate of production per head has practica lly halted in La tin America since 1955. Yet the population is grow ing at the fast­est rate in the w orld.

The w o rld prices of commodi­ties, upon w hich the La tin Am er­ican economy depends so heavily, have dropped considerably in the last fou r years w h ile the cost of im ports have steadily increased. Unemployment rates are getting h igher and higher and there is severe in fla tion .

Two th irds of the population of L a tin America are no t consumers in the sense of buying im ports or m anufactured goods; they live on w hat they grow or make or scrounge.

By and large, there is a pro­found discontent throughout La ­tin America. M any people have revo lu tionary ideas and when revo lu tionary leaders come to the fro n t th is is soon to erupt in rev­olutions tha t w il l shake the u n i­verse.

For the f irs t tim e in history, L a tin Americans do not have to look abroad fo r something to solve the ir problems. I t is in the ir midst. The Cuban Revolution is setting the example fo r the vast m a jo rity of them.

The Cuban Revolution means to m illions of La tin Americans that in one of the ir sister countries a sta lw art man by the name of F idel Castro has given land to the poor, fixed the rich, and put the gringos in the ir place.

G.C.

Religious FreedomSan Diego, Calif.

Enclosed is $2. Please send me eleven copies of your June 11 is­sue w ith the artic le on the role of Catholicism in Vietnam, and six copies of F ide l Castro’s speech, The Revolution Must Be a School of Unfettered Thought.

I have given $5 to the M ilita n t fund d rive and recently about ten in troductory subscriptions. Your paper has become outstanding in its coverage of human rights and the rig h t of worship regardless of dogma tha t is awakening the status-quo Americans to the in ­trigue tha t is tak ing place to force Catholicism on those who do not believe in i t in Vietnam, Korea and Ceylon. I w ant to thank you fo r publish ing the tru th be­hind the cold w ar in these coun­tries. The artic le on V ietnam by Steve Graham was extrem ely in ­form ative.

T.Z.

Later Than We ThinkF ort Bragg, Calif.

A ll the pictures we see of M r, Khrushchev in the public press and elsewhere shows a man w ith

Social Theory Dep’t — A C ali­fo rn ia Senate “ fac t-fin d in g ” com­m ittee on fa rm labor buttresses its cla im tha t m igrant workers aren’t doing too badly w ith th is b it of deep th ink ing from a P rof. Varden F u lle r of the U n ivers ity of C ali­forn ia : “ When the workers are found to be poor or destitute, fa rm wages and employment conditions are often blamed. A ctua lly , the cause and effect relationship, at least in it ia lly at the tim e of entry in to fa rm w ork, may be more the other way. The people have not become poor from w ork ing in agricu lture ; they have become agricu ltu ra l workers because they were already poor.”

U.S. A id Program Assessed —Discussing the U.S. foreign aid program, Supreme Court Justice W illia m O. Douglas declared June 18 tha t “ our armament program abroad has resulted largely in in ­creasing strength of to ta lita rian regimes run by feudal kings and feudal fam ilies. Those who espouse democratic causes are e ither in ja il or in exile .”

Delay on Dogs — The Akron, Ohio, police department called of a slated public showing of its new ly acquired dog squad when the NAACP threatened a mass demonstration. A n NAACP spokes­man said, “ We w ant to see the dogs called o ff entire ly . Whenever the dogs appear on the streets of A kron we plan to demonstrate.” The June 18 A kron Beacon-Jour­nal said the dog show was can­celled because c ity o ffic ia ls feared a “ public disturbance” m igh t re ­sult. Meanwhile, in neighboring Youngstown the Police Depart­ment is having d iff ic u lty in secur­ing m unicipal approval fo r funds fo r a dog corps. The proposal was

a big smile. He has a good reason to be in a sm iling mood. He is reported to have said of A m eri­cans, “ We w il l bury you.” No doubt he is pleased as w e ll as amused to see the excellent job we are doing of bury ing ourselves — thus re liev ing h im of the job. We are doing the job much better than he could.

Over ha lf the national income is being used to tu rn the country in to an armed camp in prepara­tion fo r a suicidal, atomic w ar tha t no one wants. B illions of dol­lars are recklessly squandered on te rrib le weapons of destruction tha t are obsolete by the tim e they are perfected. Does th is make sense? The foreign policy of our government is apparently domi­nated by a m ilita ry clique in the Pentagon who “ never had i t so good.” They are liv in g happily and contentedly in the tw ilig h t zone between w a r and peace, and have no desire tha t the status quo be changed regardless of conse­quences.

W hy should they w ant peace? So fa r they have been able to silence a ll opposition to the ir w ar plans by labeling as “ Commu­nists” a ll who do not w ant the ir country pushed in to a senseless w ar tha t no one could w in .

The rea lly “ forgotten man” in th is rat-race is the Am erican tax­payer. The ever-increasing burden of taxes needed to support this gigantic w ar machine, and our equally rid icu lous “ fo re ign-a id ”

strongly protested by the local NAACP and the A FL-C IO Coun­cil.

For G rilled Cheese Sandwiches?— Secretary of A g ricu ltu re O r­v ille Freeman to ld a House Arm ed Services subcommittee tha t he has stockpiled 8,400 pounds of cheddar cheese and a supply of crackers in the Departm ent of A gricu ltu re basements that are designated as fa llou t shelters.

W hat About Overtime? — TwoC aliforn ia assemblymen have in ­troduced a b ill requ iring a tele­phone so lic itor to state his name and the product or service he is selling them, to o ffe r to pay the listener ten cents fo r each three minutes of his time, and to rem it payment in seven days.

M isunderstanding? — A re youconcerned about Negroes being a target o f mass in tim idation? Or about J im Crow being an a ffron t to the ir in tegrity? O r that mob ru le is sometimes visited upon them? Or the fact tha t the ir enemies show contempt fo r de­mocracy? I f so, your w o rry ing has a somewhat d iffe ren t focus from tha t of the New Y ork Herald Tribune which, in a June 21 edi­to ria l, took a d im view of a c iv il- rights march on Washington. I t

program, is ra p id ly reducing m il­lions of people to the status of vassals of the state. I f , by any chance, they have any money le ft at the end of the year, soaring county property taxes “ complete the slaughter.”

This dangerous situation w il l continue to get worse u n til the people demand of the ir elected representatives that some e ffo rt be made to stop th is wholesale waste of taxpayers’ money. I t is la ter and more dangerous than we th ink.

Jack Odom

Is Mrs. Luce Suspect?New Y ork, N. Y.

W hat do you th in k about C laire Booth Luce on the Soviet woman in space? In the L ife magazine of June 28 she gets mad at the government men who say the rea­son the Russians pu t a woman in o rb it was as a female guinea p ig or a propaganda stunt.

She says: “ The rig h t answer is tha t Soviet Russia pu t a woman in to space because Communism preaches and, since the Revolution of 1917 has tried to practice, the inherent equality of men and women.”

Is there no l im it to the w ra th of a woman scorned? O r is Mrs. Luce one of those Reds L ife some­times says have in filtra te d high places?

Mrs. B.G.

speaks of such a march as “ an a ffro n t to the in te g rity of Con­gress” and asserts tha t i t w ouldn ’t succeed because Congressmen would refuse to “ abdicate to mob ru le.” I t te lls Negroes to “ show respect, no t contempt, fo r the processes of democracy” and lauds Kennedy’s statement against “ un­ru ly tactics or pressure.”

A Question — Robert M. H u t­chins, president o f the Fund fo r the Republic, recently said: “ The aim of the whole industria l sys­tem is to reduce a ll operations down to the level where they can be performed by a 12-year-old child, and demand very l it t le o f his attention at that. This was so in the 19th Century: H oratio A lge r d idn ’t need a mind. And in 1948 a psychologist . . . showed tha t the average male moron makes $3.50 more per w_ek than a norm al male w orker . . . So w hat is the ad­vantage of not being a moron?”

Substantial Inventory — TheU.S. stockpile o f atomic weapons is so extensive tha t even i f 90 per cent of i t were destroyed there w ould be enough rem ain ing to b low up the w orld eleven times over, according to H enry J. Taylor, Washington correspondent of the Dallas Times Herald.

Thought for the Week" In the process of freeing himself, the American Negro may shake

his own society out of the complacent torpor — indeed, the sleeping sickness — that is the pervasive national malady. I f he can reawaken the dorm ant rad ica l trad ition in Am erican life , the Negro w ould give a greater l i f t to national prestige than any conceivable feat in outer space. There are signs tha t a m iracle of th is magnitude m ight occur in the near fu tu re .” — K a r l E. Meyer in the June 7 London New Statesman.

IN T R O D U C T O R Y OFFER!A Four-Month Subscription To The Militant for only $1

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It Was Reported in the Press

Page Eight the MILITA Monday, July 10, 1963

By Charles GardnerThe indictm ent of three Young

Socialist A lliance leaders at Ind ia ­na U n ive rs ity under the state “ an- ti-C om m unist” law was quashed June 28 by C ircu it Judge Nat U. H ill. He declared the indictm ent was unclear and did not specify w hat the defendants allegedly had done. B loom ington’s w itch -hun ting prosecutor, Thomas A. Hoadley, however, redrew the ind ictm ent the next day fo r resubmission to the grand ju ry Ju ly 10.

In the meantime, support fo r the Indiana YSAers continued to m ount na tiona lly and interna­tiona lly .

S o lidarityIn Puerto Rico, the national

student union, U n ive rs ity Federa­tion fo r Independence (F U P I) , made the case known to the Puer­to Rican public in a statement declaring:

“ ?£he Executive Committee of the F U P I has resolved to express itfe fu l l so lidarity w ith the Bloom­ington students' in the ir struggle against the unconstitu tional ‘an ti- ^iibversive’ law w hich threatens td*deprive them of the ir libe rty .

“ The F U P I energetically con­demns the M cCarthyism present today in Indiana in the same way tha t i t condemns i t in Puerto Rico. ItT' recognizing the high degree of democracy w hich prevails in the state un ivers ity of Indiana, which— contrary to the U n ivers ity of Puerto Rico — defends the righ t o f its students to fo rm groups and make use of its facilities, the FU P I protests the efforts of M r. hoadley to d rive out libe ra l po l­itics from the un ive rs ity in order to tu rn i t in to a ‘study cage.’

“ F ina lly , the Executive Com-

Denver Rubber Co. Hit With Walk-Out

By M ike McCrackenDENVER — A t m idn igh t June

16, workers at the Denver plant o f the Gates Rubber Co. went on strike.

The strike was called by a vote o f 2,385 to 130, in opposition to company demands fo r a tw o-year contract w hich w ould not go in to effect w h ile contracts at any of Gates’ other eight plants are being negotiated.

The strikers also seek to block management efforts to introduce a wage scale based on piece w ork and to stop a plan whereby several men could be replaced by one man du ring slack seasons. Company V ice-President H a rry Brown, re­p ly ing to newsmen’s questions, declared: “ The company has been more than generous w ith its w o rk­ers.’ ’

Family PreserveThe Gates Co., s ix th largest

m anufacturer o f rubber goods in the U.S., has been owned by one fa m ily since i t was started 53 years ago, and is run as a fam ily preserve. President Charles C. Gates, Jr., commented on the present s trike : “ Wages, w ork rules, factory conditions, contracts— a ll o f these are rea lly manage­ment’s business.”

Gates, carry ing on in the pater­na listic trad ition o f his fo re run­ners, is determined that the strike —w hich involves 3,200 of the 5,500 workers in his Denver p lant — w il l be settled on his terms.

The strikers do not agree. One w orker, asked when he thought toe strike w ould end, replied: “ When the company comes across!”

P rosecutor H oadley

mittee of FUPI has agreed to ap­peal to the student organizations of La tin America, who so often have supported the FUPI in its figh t fo r Puerto Rican independ­ence, to express the ir support to our N orth American colleagues, victim s of McCarthyite persecu­tion.”

The statement was signed by Ramon Arbona, FU PI president, and Norman P ie tri, general secre­tary.

The Student Association Senate at Carleton College, Minnesota, sent a le tte r June 9 to the student government at Indiana U n ivers ity urg ing i t “ to support the three IU students in the fig h t against the ir ind ictm ent fo r subversion.”

“ I t is im perative,” the le tte r stated, “ tha t college students de­fend the freedom of anyone to unpopular dissent throughout so­ciety. I t becomes a m atter of d i­rect personal concern when the c iv il liberties of students at one’s own school are attacked.” The le tte r was signed by Felic ia O ld- father, president of the Carleton student government.

B y P earl S pang le rP H ILA D E LP H IA — On M ay 27

two youths were b ru ta lly beaten by police here w h ile peacefully p icketing a school-construction site. The picket line — whose m ilitancy drew national attention and marked the beginning of a mass Negro protest movement in Philadelphia — had been called by the local NAACP against dis­crim ination in h ir in g by contrac­tors and unions.

I t was la te r revealed tha t the young men were members of a m ilita n t local “ A fro -Am erican liberation movement” called RAM . One o f them, M ax Stanford, 21, is an adm irer of Robert W illiam s, the exiled Monrbe, N.C., Negro leader who advocates self-defense. Last week Stanford gave The M ilita n t the fo llow ing in te rv iew

Q. W hy did you partic ipate in the NAACP picket line?

A. Because i t was centered around the true issue of ou r p ligh t — pla in economic exploitation. As a member of R AM I don’t argue Islam versus C hristian ity, or In tegration versus Separation, because we believe tha t neither can be achieved by the A fro - Am erican the way this society is structured. We fe lt th is demon­stration did not cloud the issues and w ould raise the consciousness Of our people.

Q. W hat relationship do you feel th is Philadelphia demonstra-

By Steve GrahamUnder a photo of the m artyred

Buddhist priest, Quang Due, bu rn ­ing to death on a Saigon street, 12 distinguished U.S. clergymen pro­claimed in a fu ll-page ad in the June 27 New York Times: “ WE, TOO, PROTEST.”

Headed by the Rev. Donald S. H arrington of New Y o rk ’s Com­m un ity Church, the new ly-form ed M inisters’ V ietnam Committee in ­cludes seven Protestant ministers, three rabbis, a Hew Y ork Bud­dhist m in ister and the Episcopal bishop of C aliforn ia, James A. Pike. Other notables on the com­mittee are Rev. D r. H a rry Emer­son Fosdick, Rev. Dr. Reinhold N iebuhr and Rev. Dr. John Haynes Holmes.

The Am erican clergymen pro­tested: “ 1) O ur country ’s m ilita ry aid to those who denied h im [Quang Due] religious freedom; 2) The im m oral spraying of parts of South V ietnam w ith crop- destroying chemicals and the herd­ing of many of its people in to concentration camps called ‘s tra t­egic hamlets’ ; 3) The loss of American lives and b illions of dollars to bolster a regime u n i­versally regarded as unjust, un­democratic, and unstable; 4) The fic tion that th is is ‘figh ting fo r freedom.’”

A State Department press o f­ficer, attem pting to answer the clergymen, declined to discuss “ the sensitive in terna l problem ” of religious persecution in V ie t­nam. B u t he denied tha t Diem was a ty ran t o r tha t the U.S. backs concentration camps and chemical w arfare there. Washing­ton correspondents said tha t p r i­vately o ffic ia ls were cohcemed that prom inent religious leaders should “ fa il to understand” Ken­nedy’s V ietnam policy.

A larm ed over grow ing U.S. dis­trust of tha t policy, the Pentagon had already issued a d irective to U.S. servicemen in V ietnam not to critic ize conditions there when ta lk ing to reporters.

The d irective says: “ The b itte r tru th is that c ritica l comments by

tion had w ith the Southern move­ment?

A. I th in k i t showed the South that the black man in the N orth was and is jus t as w illin g to sacri­fice his time, jobs and blood fo r the cause o f liberation. I th in k the Philadelphia struggle has be­come the vanguard of the black liberation movement because i t showed the weakness in figh ting fo r lunch-counter, beach, and pub­lic - fa c ility desegregation. W hat’s the po in t of s itting beside a w hite person to eat a hot dog when you don’t have the money to pay fo r it? I hope Philadelphia shows the Southern movement tha t the black man m ust d irect his actions in to changing the things that actually keep h im inbondage, which is the economic position" he is forced to live iri;

I th in k the people in Philadel­phia responded because the dem­onstrations were Held in the heart of the black "ghetto, and also be­cause' the people liv in g in the afea ar& 'th e H irf-tiest'h it by the economic s ituation Li. h a lf o f them are unemployed. This is why the comm unity responded. I th in k a greater response could have been obtained i f the so-called leaders of the demonstrations w ould have allowed the people to protect themselves against the Gestapo tactics o f the police. Another rea­son fo r the response Was toe frustrations that toe people have

New York Students: 'End Vietnam War!'NEW YORK, June 29 — An

estimated 50 members of toe Stu­dent Peace Union marched in front of the United States Mis­sion to the United Nations here this Saturday, calling for an end to the war in Vietnam. The marchers carried signs with pic­tures of slain Viet Cong guerrillas and copies of an advertisement from the New Y ork Times show­ing a Buddhist monk burning himself alive to protest the per­secution of his religion by the Diem government. The pickets chanted “Withdraw U.S. Troops!” and “Self Determination for the Vietnam People!”

After an hour or so of picket­ing, the demonstrators marched to Times Square as police stopped traffic to let them pass. Pam­phlets by Bertrand Russell on the W ar in V ietnam were sold along the line of march. Copies may be obtained for 15 cents from the Student Peace Union, c/o Kirsch, 1108 Grant Avenue, Bronx 56, New York.

indiscreet or un inh ib ited advisers [the doubletalk name fo r U.S. troops] are producing ‘bad’ stories which adversely affect public un­derstanding of Am erican policy in Vietnam. Continuation of this trend would un jus tifiab ly weaken public support of tha t policy.”

The d irective tells how report­ers’ questions should be answered: “ Emphasize the positive aspects of your activ ities and avoid gra­tuitous criticism s. Emphasize the feeling of achievement, the hopes fo r the fu tu re and the instances of outstanding ind iv idua l or u n it performance and optim ism in general.”

The Kennedy adm inistration has consistently lied to the A m er­ican people to offset pub lic c r it i­cism of the w ar i t embarked on in Vietnam. Its biggest, most cynical lie is tha t some 14,000 U.S. troops

when they see the true side o f so-called Am erican democracy. Here they could see before the ir very eyes the ir tax money being used to keep them in a state o f economic slavery.

These demonstrations had a tremendous effect on the neigh­borhood. The people realize the ir potentia l now and don’t w ant to compromise. They feel the fig h t has ju s t begun, and they are w i l l ­ing to carry i t out to the end.

Q. Is there any tru th in the statement going around the area tha t you and Stan Daniels were picked to be beaten?

A. Yes, there is de fin ite ev i­dence tha t certain members o f the police force not on ly had us spotted bu t had been fo llow ing us. The attack on Daniels and my­self was deliberate and was meant to discourage R AM and other m ilita n t freedom fighters from being so aggressive.

Q. W h a t' is the status of your case at the present time?

A. We have been charged w ith conspiracy and, in addition, Dan­iels has been charged w ith ag­gravated assault and battery. We are out on $400 ba il each, and are w a iting fo r our case to come before the grand ju ry . We are asking people to w rite to M ayor Tate and to the Police Commis­sioner to have the charges dropped. This is a clear case o f police b ru ta lity and a fram e-up.

now there are not figh ting but merely “ advising” D iem ’s arm y.

A recent issue of the G I news­paper, Pacific Stars and Stripes, spilled the beans on that. I t fan a front-page photo g iv ing docu­m entary evidence of the combat role U.S. troops are playing. The photo shows a Special Forces he li­copter crewman holding a fr ig h t­ened peasant lad at r i f le point. The photo caption reads: “ Pounc­ing on a V ie t Red.”

A rm y o ffic ia ls berated the G I newspaper, complaining tha t such pictures were “ detrim enta l to the accomplishment of our m ission.”

Buddhists in V ietnam have asked the government to stop d ra fting student priests in to the arm y except as chaplains. O ther­wise, say the Buddhist priests, they w il l go to ja il ra ther than break the ir vows not to k i ll . A t present only Catholics and a few Protestants serve as arm y chap­lains.

Buddhist leaders had postponed fu rth e r demonstrations to perm it the government to show good fa ith in the agreement to Buddhist de­mands. B u t this promises to be temporary. Diem is going ahead w ith plans to try ten students a r­rested in the June 16 mass protest. Buddhist leaders have been u rg ­ing tha t a ll those arrested then be freed. They are also angered by reports that a student leader was tortured to death by police in the c ity of Hue, po litica l ba iliw ick of D iem ’s brother, Ngo D inh Can, and the sp iritua l seat of D iem ’s brother, Ngo D inh Thuc, the Ro­man Catholic archbishop.

Fight Grows Over Cuba Travel Ban

JU LY 2 — W ith the a rr iv a l in Havana of 59 Am erican students, the State Departm ent edict against trave l to Cuba is in the headlines. The students, who arrived yester­day via Prague, have touched o ff a debate among adm inistration o f­fic ia ls whether they should be prosecuted on the ir re tu rn to this country under a law carry ing $5,000 fines and five years in prison.

Para lle ling the Cuba tr ip is an attack by the House U n-Am erican A ctiv ities Committee and a federal grand ju ry in Los Angeles.

Helen Travis, chairman of the Greater Los Angeles F a ir P lay fo r Cuba Committee, was indicted by a federal grand ju ry last week fo r m aking tw o tr ips to Cuba in de­fiance of the trave l ban.

Mrs. Travis is one of about 15 Californians subpoenaed to appear at HUAC hearings Ju ly 1-2. The hearings were picketed by the Citizens Committee to Preserve American Freedoms.

Mrs. Travis, before her HUAC interrogation, commented on the indictm ent, “ I shall f ig h t this prose­cution because I th in k tha t pre­serving the r ig h t to trave l and to observe and to report m y obser­vations are an essential pa rt of the democratic process.”

On June 25 the Cuban Ins titu te of Friendship w ith Peoples inv ited “ 15 or 20” Americans to v is it Cuba as its guests. Among those known to have been inv ited are novelist T rum an Nelson, Louis Lomax, author of The Negro Re­vo lt, and James Hicks, ed itor of the N. Y. Amsterdam News, a leading Negro paper.

Nelson said his inc lina tion was to go but his law yer had advised h im that would constitute a fe l­ony. He then w rote Senator Lev- erett Saltonstall o f Massachusetts, saying tha t w h ile he deplored the B e rlin W all he was also baffled by the U.S. “ ba rrie r to m y free­dom of movement and observa­tion .”

f J i im n im iim im ii m m i i i i im i ii i i i i im ii i i im i i i im i i i i i i i i i in m i i i i i im i im im m i i i i im i i i i im i i i i im im i i i i im i im m im m m im m im ii im m m ihA Freedom Fighter's Story i

Victim of Philadelphia Cops Faces Jail

Indiana Indictment Quashed; But Another to Be Submitted

New Blow at U.S. Role in Vietnam

Clergymen Protest Aid to Tyrant Diem