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Union Endicott Central Schools

Union Endicott High School Library

Works Cited Style Booklet

Based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th Ed.)

Latest version available on the Web at http://www.uek12.org/UEHSLibrary.aspx

Research Support

June 2015

http://www.uek12.org/UEHSLibrary.aspx

The 7th edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers includes the following significant changes:

1) underlines replaced by italics,

2) addition of Print or Web to citation entry,

3) deletion of library, city, state where database citations were found,

4) addition of format to cite a collection of web pages on a single web site, and

5) deletion of most extended web addresses (see note below).

EXAMPLE USING MLA 7TH EDITION

Tuttleton, James W. “F.Scott Fitzgerald and the Magical Glory.” New Criterion Nov. 2008: 24-31. SIRS Renaissance. Web. 5 March 2014.

NOTE: URLs / Web Addresses - MLA no longer requires the use of URLs in MLA citations. Most readers can find electronic sources via title or author searches in Web Search Engines. For teachers or editors who still wish to require the use of URLs or for your own personal reference, MLA suggests that the URL appear in angle brackets after the date of access (<http://sks.sirs.com>). Break URLs only after slashes.

NOTE: IMPORTANT CHANGES in MLA FORMAT in 7 TH EDITION (Published in 2009)

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General Works Cited Information (Why Prepare a Works Cited Page) .…………. 4 How to Prepare a Works Cited Page ……………………………………. Choosing the Correct Works Cited Pattern ……………………...

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Requirements for Works Cited Page ……………………………………. 8 Book (including Encyclopedia & Pamphlet) Citations (& Multiple Author Citation Formats) .. 9 - 13 Periodical Citations - Print ………………………………………………... 13 - 14 Interview Citations …………………………………………………………. 14 Literary Criticism – A Two-Layer Citation Process .............…………. 14 Electronic Citations – eBooks & Books on CD ................................... 15 Electronic (Web) Citations – Encyclopedias ....................................... 16 Electronic (Web) Citations – Research Databases …………………… 16 - 18 Electronic (Web) Citations – Free Web Sites (including YouTube, Blog Posts,

Emails, Tweets) & Digital Files …………………………………………. 18 - 21

AV Material Citations ………………………………………………………. 22 - 23 Image Citations ……………………………………………………………... 24 - 25 Parenthetical Documentation Requirements & Examples…………... 26 - 27 Sample Works Cited Page ………………………………………………… 28 Sample Parenthetical Documentation for Works Cited Page ………. 29

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Citation has several important purposes: 1) to promote intellectual honesty and to properly acknowledge and give credit to the sources used in order to avoid plagiarism, 2) to allow the reader to find the exact source(s) used in the paper, 3) to help the reader to seek additional information on the topic, 4) to allow the reader to determine independently whether the sources used support the author's argument in the claimed way, and 5) to help the reader gauge the strength and validity of the material the author has used.

The purpose of the Works Cited page is to give readers a complete bibliographical entry for each source used in an essay, paper, presentation, or multimedia poster. The entries found on this page usually include author’s name, title of source, publisher or source of publication, publication dates, page numbers (if appropriate) and the format (web or print).

1. Placement – Works Cited entries start on a new page following the text of your paper. Number the Works Cited page(s)

continuing the page numbers of the research paper.

2. FORMATTING – Set formatting requirements below in Word BEFORE starting Works Cited page

Font – On Home tab, set font for 12 pt. text in an easily readable typeface (e.g. Times New Roman) Indentation and Spacing - Set Indentation and Spacing BEFORE typing Works Cited entries.

1. In Word, in center Paragraph section, click down arrow in lower right corner. 2. In the Indentation section, look for Special in the center of the page. Click on arrow to right to change to

Hanging. 3. Just below, set Spacing to Line Spacing: Double. Verify that Before & After Spacings are set to 0.

Title Works Cited Page – Type, Works Cited, one inch from the top of the page, highlight it and click ALIGN /

CENTER using centering icon in Paragraph tab (12 pt. text, centered, not underlined, not bold, no italics).

WHY PREPARE A WORKS CITED PAGE

HOW TO PREPARE A WORKS CITED PAGE

Sample Works Cited see page 28

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Alignment / Hanging Indentation – Return ALIGNMENT to left margin using icon and begin each entry flush with the left margin. If an entry runs more than one line, hanging indentation will indent the second line ½” from the left margin. Never use the space bar or tab key! Press Enter between entries to return cursor to the left margin. Hanging indentation clearly defines each individual citation thus making the Works Cited page easier to read.

3. Material Format - Select the appropriate Works Cited format for each material format and entry – See HOW TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORKS CITED PATTERN section below.

4. Arrangement of Entries – Works Cited entries are arranged in ALPHABETICAL ORDER by the letter(s) flush against the left margin. Usually this arrangement is by the author’s last name, but if the author is unknown, alphabetize by the title used, but ignore A, An, or The or its’ equivalent in another language. For example, The Longest Day would be alphabetized by L.

5. Italics, Capitalization and Punctuation – All book, periodical, web site, and database titles appear in italics. Article titles are enclosed in quotation marks and are not italicized. Each significant word in an article or book title is capitalized including the first word of a subtitle. Each segment of a Works Cited entry ends with a punctuation mark. See the MLA Handbook 7th edition for complete rules or Purdue University OWL web site - https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/

6. Use appropriate abbreviations. See ABBREVIATIONS section below.

7. Check your Works Cited page against the WORKS CITED PAGE REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST shown below.

Alphabetize each Works Cited entry by the first letter in the left margin, followed by the second letter, etc. If an entry starts with a title that includes A, An, or The or its’ equivalent in another language, leave in, but ignore A, An,The or Its’. For example, The Longest Day would be alphabetized by L. Works Cited entries that start with author’s names and those that start with titles are interfiled.

HOW TO PREPARE A WORKS CITED PAGE (cont’d)

ALPHABETIZATION

NOTE: You MUST know the FORMAT of the material you used!

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https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/

Using the TABLE OF CONTENTS page in this booklet,

1) select the format for the source that you are referencing (e.g. Books, Internet – Free Web Site, etc.),

2) review the pages in the Works Cited Style Booklet for that format ONLY,

3) systematically review each entry in the chosen format selection to locate the one that best fits your source material (e.g. Books – Whole Book vs. Chapter in a Book; Internet – Research Database vs. Free Web Site)

Use the generalized format pattern to tell you WHAT ELEMENTS YOU NEED and THE ORDER in which you place them for your Works Cited entry. Use the Examples below each format pattern to show you HOW TO PLACE THEM paying special attention to the formating for dates (e.g. 17 Mar. 2014). TIP: If the information that you have available does not fit easily into the format that you have selected, PLEASE ASK THE LIBRARIAN for assistance.

CHOOSING THE CORRECT WORKS CITED PATTERN & OTHER TIPS

PATTERN SELECTION BY MATERIAL FORMAT - IMPORTANT

USE BOTH GENERALIZED FORMAT PATTERN & EXAMPLES

NOTE: You MUST know the FORMAT of the material you are citing!

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Generally, the author’s last name is listed first, followed by a comma, and the remainder of the author’s name (e.g. Smith, Alfred A.). If the author’s name carries a name suffix (Jr., Sr., M.D., etc.), append it to the author’s last name (e.g. Smith Jr., Alfred A.) To cite MULTIPLE AUTHORS IN ANY FORMAT, use the appropriate Works Cited pattern and draw from the examples of authors shown under Books – Whole Book by One Author, Whole Book by Two Authors, etc.

All dates are written out Day Month Year (e.g. 17 Mar. 2014). Given that MLA is an international format, this format works for dates written in ANY language whereas 9/11/01 is 11 Sept. 2001 in the United States and 9 Nov. 2001 in Europe, Asia and much of the rest of the world.

If Works Cited information is missing or unavailable for a given publication, MLA requires the use of special abbreviations to indicate that this information is not available. Use n.p. to indicate that neither a publisher nor a source organization has been provided. Use n.d. when the Web page does not provide a publication date. When an entry requires that you provide a page number, but no page numbers are provided in the source (printed works only), use the abbreviation n. pag.

Abbreviate months except May, June, and July (e.g. Dec.) If information about your source is not given, use the following abbreviations:

No date n. d. No place of publication n. p. No page numbers n. pag. No publisher n. p.

AUTHORS

DATES

ABBREVIATIONS

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___ Proper Title – (Correctly titled means title in 12 pt. text, centered, not underlined, not bold, no italics). ___ Alphabetical Order – All works cited entries must be listed in alphabetical order.

___ Correct Indentation & Spacing – Each entry on your works cited page must start flush with the left margin. If the entry runs more than one line, indent the second line ½” from the left margin. Use Hanging Indentation instructions below to do this easily on the computer – Never use the space bar or tab key! DOUBLE SPACE entire page!

___ Correct MLA Pattern – Use the correct MLA pattern for each source based on material format (book, article on CD ROM, article from subscription database, free web site, etc.). (Note: Article titles must be in “quote marks,” titles of books, web pages, magazines, etc. are italicized, CAPITALIZE all significant words, No underlines! The new MLA format NEVER uses underlines.)

___ All Required Information – All required information must be included accurately and correctly formatted for each entry (author, title, publisher, date, place of publication, page number range, name of database, etc.).

____ Author and/or Editor (use Ed. before Editor’s name) ____ Title (“Periodical Article Title,” “Chapter Title,” Book Title: Subtitle, Series Title and/or Image Title) ____ Place of publication (first US city listed, include state initials if city is less known) & Publishing Company (books) ____ Source Organization (web pages) Spell out acronyms! ____ Date (Year only for Book, Database, & CD ROM; Day Month Year for Article, Date of Access for Web Pages) ____ Page Number Range (Start - end page numbers for articles from books/periodicals). ____ Name of Database ____ Medium (Print, Web, CD, DVD, etc.) ____ Format (CD ROM, [Digital Image]) as appropriate ____ Web Address – Provide within < > brackets at end of reference only if required by instructor or editor (use

correct address for image (usually ending in .jpg or .gif) or for entire web page (usually ending in .htm, .html, .asp, .cfm). Remove link to remove underline.

WORKS CITED PAGE REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST

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WHOLE BOOK BY ONE AUTHOR: Author’s last name, first name. Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Medium.

Example:

Handford, Martin. Find Waldo Now. Boston: Brown, 1988. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Handford 12)

WHOLE BOOK BY TWO AUTHORS: First author’s last name, first name and second author’s first name then last name. Book Title. Place of

publication: publisher, copyright date. Medium. Example:

Hayes, William and Robert Cole. Vision of America. New York: Putnam, 1992. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Hayes and Cole 312)

WHOLE BOOK BY THREE OR MORE AUTHORS: First author’s last name, first name, et al. Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date.

Medium. Example:

Eldredge, Walter, et al. Television and Violence. Chicago: Random, 1988. Print. Parenthetical Example: (Eldredge, et al. 119)

WHOLE BOOK WITH EDITOR OR CORPORATE AUTHOR (NO INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS): Editor’s last name, first name, ed. Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Medium.

Examples:

Langer, H.J., ed. America in Quotations: A Kaleidoscopic View of American History. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2002. Print. National Geographic Society. Atlas of the World. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2005. Print.

Parenthetical Examples: (Langer 192) (National 34)

BOOK CITATIONS - Print

NOTE: To cite MULTIPLE AUTHORS IN ANY FORMAT, use the appropriate Works Cited pattern and draw from examples of authors shown below.

NOTE: To cite MULTIPLE EDITORS, use the examples of multiple authors shown above followed by eds. (e.g. Smith, E. and F. Jones, eds.)

NOTE: If a book has CHAPTERS/ENTRIES BY INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS, cite each separately.

Medium for Books: Print

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CHAPTER/ENTRY IN A BOOK WITHOUT EDITOR

(SCHOOL TEXT, DICTIONARY, ETC): Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Chapter.” Title of Book. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page

number range. Medium. Example WITHOUT EDITOR:

Oates, Joyce Carol. “Where is Here?” Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes – The American Experience. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999. 349-355. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Oates 350) CHAPTER/ENTRY IN A BOOK WITH AN EDITOR (GENERAL OR SPECIALIZED ENCYCLOPEDIA):

Author’s last name, first name (if signed). “Title of Entry.” Title of Encyclopedia. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Medium.

Example (signed article):

Author. “Sharks.” World Book. Eds.

Parenthetical Example: () Example (unsigned article):

“Sharks.” International Wildlife Encyclopedia. Eds. Maurice Burton and Robert Burton. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish, 2002. 2329-2333. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (“Sharks” 2331)

BOOK CITATIONS – Print (cont’d)

Note: Many works in encyclopedias are signed. Locate author’s information at the beginning or the end of the article. Do not confuse author’s information with a bibliography or list of references at the end of the article.


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ARTICLES FROM BOOKS IN A SERIES (such as Opposing Viewpoints, Current Controversies, etc.): Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Title of Book. Book Ed. Editors first name last name. Series

name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Medium. Example:

Marcuse, Peter. “The Government Should Do More for the Homeless.” The Homeless. Ed. Jennifer A. Hurley. Opposing Viewpoints Series. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1990. 90-99. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Marcuse 91) AN INTRODUCTION, A PREFACE, A FOREWORD, OR AN AFTERWORD:

Author’s last name, first name. “Title of (Introduction, Preface, Foreword, Afterword).” Name of part being cited. Title of Anthology or Compilation. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Medium.

Example:

“Jane Austen.” Introduction. World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 142-144. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (“Jane” 143)



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ARTICLES REPRINTED IN A BOOK (including World Lit. Criticism): [Use correct citation pattern for original material]. Rpt. In Title of Book. Ed. Editor’s first name last name.

Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Medium. Example of article from a periodical reprinted the book you are using:

Wiegand, William. “J.D. Salinger: Seventy-Eight Bananas.” Chicago Review Winter 1958: 3-19. Rpt. in World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 3020-3024. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Wiegand 3020) Example of chapter from a book reprinted in the book you are using:

Wilson, Edmund. “F. Scott Fitzgerald.” The Shores of Light: A Literary Chronicle. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1952. 27-35. Rpt. In World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 1221-1223. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Wilson 1222) Example of a complete work (book) reprinted in the book you are using:

Way, Brian. F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Art of Social Fiction. New York: St. Martin’s, 1980. Rpt. in World Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 1231-1236. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Way 1232) HISTORICAL WORKS REPUBLISHED IN A BOOK:

Author’s last name, first name. Title of Original Publication. (Original year of publication). Title of Book. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range. Medium.

Example:

Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. 1845. Classic American Autobiographies. Ed. William L. Andrews. New York: Mentor, 1992. 229-327. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Douglass 229)



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PAMPHLETS: Use Book Format including as much information as is available. Use appropriate abbreviation(s) for missing information. Follow the citation with the word Print.

Example: CAD Technician. Moravia, NY: Chronicle Guidance Publications, 2005. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (CAD 3)

ARTICLE IN A PRINT MAGAZINE: Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title Date of magazine: page number range. Medium.

Examples (signed article, unsigned article):

Barone, Michael. “Banners for the Future.” Newsweek 11 Dec. 1995: 55. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Barone 55)

“Discover the Comet.” Time 22 Mar. 1996: 32-35. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (“Discover” 33)

Example: CQ RESEARCHER REPORTS (Bound magazine issues in large Blue Books):

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” CQ Researcher Date: page number range. Medium. Example:

Glazer, Sarah. “Juvenile Justice.” CQ Researcher 25 May 1994: 16-29. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Glazer 16)


PERIODICAL CITATIONS - Print (e.g. print magazine or newspaper)

Medium for Pamphlets & Magazines: Print

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ARTICLE IN A PRINT NEWSPAPER: Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Newspaper Title Date, edition information: section number page

number range. Medium. Examples (signed article, unsigned article):

Mane, Catherine. “Smoke Free Tobacco.” New York Times 4 Apr. 1996, late ed.: C5+. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Mane C5) “Broadway Hits.” New York Times 22 Mar. 1996, late ed.: A1+. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (“Broadway” A1)

See Literary Criticism under Research Support on the UEHS Library web page or ask librarian for a handout.

INTERVIEW:

Person’s last name, first name. Type of Interview (telephone, personal, etc.) Date. Example:

Clinton, Bill. Personal Interview. 10 Jan. 2010. Parenthetical Example: (Clinton)

PERIODICAL CITATIONS - Print (e.g. print newspaper)

LITERARY CRITICISM – A TWO-LAYER CITATION PROCESS

INTERVIEW CITATIONS

Medium for Newspapers: Print

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eBOOK (Kindle, Nook, ePub, pdf, etc.) : Author’s last name, first name. Title of Book. Name of Reader. Publisher, copyright date. File type.

Example:

Rowley, Hazel. Franklin and Eleanor: An Extraordinary Marriage. New York: Farrar, 2010. Kindle file.

Parenthetical Example: (Rowley ch. 2) (NOTE: use page numbers for .pdf files)

eBOOK FROM DATABASE :

Author’s last name, first name. Title of Book. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. Name of database. Medium. Date of access.

Example:

Baker, Candida. The Wonderful World of Dogs. New York: Allen & Unwin, 2010. ebrary. Web. 27 Feb. 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Baker ch. 2) BOOK ON CD:

Author’s last name, first name. Book Title. Name of Reader. Publisher, copyright date. CD. # of discs (if >1). Example:

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. New York: Random House, 2007. CD. 17 discs.

Parenthetical Example: (Rowling disc 4)

ELECTRONIC CITATIONS - eBook & Book on CD

NOTE: For Books on Audiocassette, see AV Materials (Sound Recordings)

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ARTICLE FROM A RESEARCH DATABASE ENCYCLOPEDIA (SUBSCRIPTION ) ON THE WEB: Author’s last name, first name (if signed). “Article Title.” Encyclopedia Title. Date of electronic publication.

Name of database. Medium. Date of access. Example:

Wesser, Robert F. “Roosevelt, Theodore.” Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2005. Grolier Online. Web. 12 September 2005.

Parenthetical Example: (“Roosevelt”)

ARTICLE FROM A FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA ON THE WEB: Author’s last name, first name (if signed). “Article Title.” Encyclopedia Title. Date of electronic publication.

Name of provider/sponsoring organization. Medium. Date of access.

Example: “Literature.” Wikipedia. 2009. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 12 September 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (“Literature”)

ELECTRONIC (WEB) CITATIONS – ENCYCLOPEDIA

ELECTRONIC (WEB) CITATIONS – RESEARCH DATABASES

NOTE: To cite images, see Image Citation Section

Note: Libraries purchase annual subscriptions to research databases because they are searchable and contain individual articles from hundreds of publications (magazines, books, etc.). Sometimes called subscription databases, this high quality information is NOT available for free on the Web.

Medium for Web: Web

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PERIODICAL ARTICLE REPUBLISHED IN A RESEARCH DATABASE ON THE WEB: (Academic OneFile, CQ Researcher, EBSCO databases, Facts.com, SIRS databases, etc.):

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Original Source/Publication Original Date: page number range. Name of database. Medium. Date of access.

Examples: Rosenberg, Merri. “Teenagers Work To Be Tomorrow’s Stars.” New York Times 9 Oct. 2008, late ed: C14. Academic OneFile.

Web. 5 Sept. 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Rosenberg)

Tuttleton, James W. “F.Scott Fitzgerald and the Magical Glory.” New Criterion Nov. 1994: 24-31. SIRS Renaissance. Web. 5 March 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Tuttleton)

CHAPTER IN A BOOK REPUBLISHED IN A RESEARCH DATABASE (Opposing Viewpoints in Context, etc.): Author’s last name, first name. “Chapter Title.” Title of Book. Ed. Editor’s first name last name. Series Title

if applicable. Place of publication: publisher, date. Page number range (use n. pag. if no page range given). Name of database. Medium. Date of access.

Example: Gelbspan, Ross. “Global Warming is a Serious Environmental Threat.” The Environment. Ed. William Dudley. Opposing

Viewpoints Series. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 10 January 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Gelbspan)

ELECTRONIC (WEB) CITATIONS – RESEARCH DATABASES (cont’d)

Medium for Web: Web

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ARTICLE WRITTEN FOR A RESEARCH DATABASE ON THE WEB:

(ABC-CLIO Databases, SIRS Databases (selected articles only), etc.):

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Name of database. Original Date. Name of database provider. Medium. Date of access.

Example: “World War II.” American History. 2006. ABC-CLIO. Web. 13 June 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (“World”)

PAGE FROM A WEB SITE: (Note: Use only for materials not formally published elsewhere) Author’s last name, first name (if given). “Web Page Title.” Name of Site. Source organization (or name if

personal web site). Medium. Date of access. (Note: Ask librarian if you can’t find the source) Examples:

"How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013.

Parenthetical Example: (“How”)

Williamson, Alice. “Alice Williamson Diary.” Special Collections Library. Duke Univ. Libraries. Web. 15 Jan. 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Williamson)

ELECTRONIC (WEB) CITATIONS – RESEARCH DATABASES (cont’d)

ELECTRONIC (WEB) CITATIONS – FREE WEB SITES

NOTE: To cite images, see Image Citation Section

NOTE: Quality free web sites are usually found using a database of quality web sites (eg. NetTrekker) and/or a search engine (e.g. Google). CHECK for quality of the author or source organization information! If an author or source is NOT given or is NOT reliable, you should seriously consider NOT using the web page. It may be incorrect and checking the content information for accuracy is a lot of work on your part.

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ENTIRE WEB SITE:

Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Source organization, date of resource creation (if available). Medium. Date of access.

Example:

Diseases and Conditions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010. Web. 8 Nov. 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Diseases)

PERIODICAL ARTICLE PUBLISHED ON A FREE (NON-SUBSCRIPTION) WEB SITE:

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Original Source/Publication Original Date. Medium. Date of access.

Example: Nossiter, Adam. “Outlines Emerge for a Shaken New Orleans.” New York Times 27 Aug. 2006. Web. 12 Sept. 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Nossiter) CHAPTER FROM A BOOK REPUBLISHED ON A FREE (NON-SUBSCRIPTION) WEB SITE (ex. GoogleBooks):

Author’s last name, first name. “Chapter Title.” Book Title. Place of publication: publisher, copyright date. page number range. Title of Web Site. Source Organization. Medium. Date of access.

Example:

Honan, Park. “Hamlet’s Questions.” Shakespeare: A Life. n.p.: Oxford University Press, 2000. 274-294. GoogleBook Search. Google Books. Web. 13 June 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Honan 277) Note: Page numbers as reproduced from the original text should be given in the parenthetical documentation. ARTICLE FROM AN ENCYCLOPEDIA ON A WEB SITE:

See Electronic (Web) Citations – Encyclopedia section of Works Cited Style Booklet

ELECTRONIC (WEB) CITATIONS – FREE WEB SITES (cont’d)

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YOU TUBE VIDEO: Author’s last name, first name (if given) or poster’s user name. “Video Title.” Media type. Name of Web Site.

Source Organization. Date of posting. Medium. Date of access.

Example: Associated Press. “3 Women, Missing for Years, Found Alive in Ohio.” YouTube. 6 May 2014. Web. 13 June 2014.

Parenthetical Example: (Associated) BLOG POST FROM A WEB SITE:

Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title/Post Title.” Media type. Blog Title. Website Publisher/Source Organization, publication date. Web. Date of access.

Example:

Cohen, M. “Retirements Contributing to Largest Senate Turnover in Decades.” Web blog post. FiveThirtyEight. The New York Times, 28 March 2013. Web. 13 June 2013.

Parenthetical Example: (Cohen) E-MAIL MESSAGE:

Author of e-mail message. Subject line of message. E-mail to recipient’s name. Date of message. Example:

Winfrey, Oprah. My Book Club. Message to Cheryl Naslund. 20 May 2010. Email.

Parenthetical Example: (Winfrey) TWEET:

Author of tweet (user name). “Text of the tweet.” Date of tweet. Time of tweet (as shown). Tweet. Example:

Athar, Sohaib (ReallyVirtual). “Helicopter hovering above Abbottabad at 1AM (is a rare event).” 1 May 2011, 3:58 p.m. Tweet. Parenthetical Example: (Athar)


Medium for Web: Web

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AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIAL FROM A FREE WEB SITE: See the AV MATERIALS section of this Works Cited Booklet or the MLA Handbook for more complex

publication information.

DIGITAL FILES (MP3, JPG, WORD DOC, ETC.): Example:

Beethoven, L. van. Moonlight Sonata. Crownstar. 2006. Web. 8 Nov. 2014. MP3.

Parenthetical Example: (Beethoven)


DIGITAL FILES (MP3, JPG, WORD doc, etc.)

NOTE: Determine the format for the work you wish to cite (e.g. article, image, sound recording) and cite appropriately. End the entry with the name of the digital format. Use Digital file when the medium cannot be determined.

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BOOK ON AUDIOCASSETTE:

Author. Title. Read by reader’s name (if different from author). Distributor of secondary medium, date. Medium.

Example:

Roth, Veronica. Divergent. Read by Emma Galvin. HarperCollins, 2011. Audiocassette.

Parenthetical Example: (Roth) BOOK ON CD:

Author’s last name, first name. Book Title. Name of Reader. Publisher, copyright date. CD. # of discs (if >1). Example:

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. New York: Random House, 2007. CD. 17 discs.

Parenthetical Example: (Rowling disc 4) VIDEORECORDING / DVD:

Title. Dir. Director’s first name last name. Perf. Performer’s first name last name. Film Distributor, original date. Distributor of secondary medium, date. Medium.

Example:

Schindler’s List. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Perf. Liam Neeson, Ralph Fiennes, Caroline Goodall, Jonathan Sagalle, and Embeth Davidtz. Universal Studios, 1994. Universal Home Video, 2004. DVD.

Parenthetical Example: (Schindler’s) TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM:

Title of Episode. Title of Program. Series title (if given). Name of network. Call letters, location of local station. Broadcast date. Medium.

Example:

The Beginning. Middlemarch. Masterpiece Theatre. PBS. WSKG, Binghamton. 10 Apr. 1994. Television. Parenthetical Example: (Beginning)

AV MATERIAL CITATIONS

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TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM ON THE WEB: Author. Title of Episode. Title of Program. Series title (if given). Source organization. Broadcast date.

Medium. Date of access.

Example: Keillor, G. A Prairie Home Companion. Minnesota Public Radio. 16 Oct. 2007. Web. 18 Oct. 2009.

Parenthetical Example: (Keillor)

SOUND CLIP FROM THE WEB: Example:

Roosevelt, Franklin D. “Americanism.” 1920. American Leaders Speak: Recordings from the 1920 Election. American Memory Project. Library of Congress. Web. 25 April 2008. mp3.

Parenthetical Example: (Roosevelt)

AV MATERIAL CITATIONS (cont’d)

See also YouTube Video, Electronic (Web) Citations – Free Web Sites, and Digital File Section above. For more complex publication information, see the MLA Handbook, 7th ed.

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IMAGE FROM A PRINTED WORK:

Image author’s last name, first name. Image Title [or description if title not given] [image type]. Image date (if given). [Use correct citation pattern for original material]. Page number. Medium.

Example: (Image from a Book)

Da Vinci, Leonardo. Mona Lisa. [photo]. The A to Z of Art. By N. Hodge. New York: Macmillan, 1994. 107. Print.

Parenthetical Example: (Da Vinci 107) Example: (Image from a Periodical)

Bill Gate’s World [drawing]. in Adam Cohen. “The Microsoft Empire.” Time Feb. 1999: 42-43. 43. Print. (Note: 43 is page image is on)

Parenthetical Example: (Bill 43) IMAGE FROM A RESEARCH DATABASE (Academic OneFile, EBSCO databases, Facts.com, SIRS

databases, etc.):

Image author’s last name, first name. Image Title [or description if title not given] [digital image]. Copyright holder. Image date if given. Name of subscription database. Medium. Date of access.

Example:

Burns, Richard. The Moons of Jupiter [digital image]. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2001. Academic OneFile. Web. 10 October 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Burns)

IMAGE CITATIONS

IMAGE NOTE: If an image does not have a title, you should give it a descriptive title and indicate this by enclosing the title in square brackets (e.g. [Woman Reading a Book]).

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IMAGE FROM A FREE WEB SITE: Image author’s last name, first name. Image Title [or description if title not given] [digital image]. Copyright

holder. Image date if given. Source organization. Medium. Date of access. Example:

The Colors in the Tail of Haley’s Comet [digital image]. Palomar Observatory. 22 September 2001. Kopernick Observatory. Web. 24 April 2010.

Parenthetical Example: (Colors) ORIGINAL ART WORK IN A MUSEUM OR COLLECTION:

Artist’s last name, first name. Title of Artwork [or description if title not given]. Date. Institution housing the work or owner’s name if in a private collection, city.

Example:

Rembrandt van Rijn. Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer. 1653. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Parenthetical Example: (Rembrandt van Rijn) ART WORK VIEWED ON THE WEB:

Artist’s last name, first name. Title of Artwork [or description if title not given] Date. Institution housing the work or owner’s name if in a private collection, city. Name of Site. Medium. Date of Access.

Example:

Rembrandt van Rijn. Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer. 1653. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Artchive. Web. 22 May 2006.

Parenthetical Example: (Rembrandt van Rijn)

IMAGE CITATIONS (cont’d)

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___ Listed on the Works Cited page - Every parenthetical reference in the text of your paper must be listed on the Works Cited page.

___ Matches exactly the first word of text in left margin of the Works Cited entry,

usually the author.

___ Brief – Use only enough of the Works Cited entry to distinguish between entries on the same Works Cited page.

___ Correct Punctuation – If words in left margin of the Works Cited entry are in italics or in quotes, be sure that your parenthetical reference matches exactly.

___ Page Numbers – Must be included for all print sources and any electronic sources which include them (e.g. pdf files,

etc.)

___ All Works Cited entries referenced in text of paper – Every entry listed on the Works Cited page must have at least one parenthetical reference in the text of your paper. This is what it means to be “cited.”

___ Works Cited entry not referenced parenthetically? - If you do not cite a particular reference that you used in the text of your paper, be sure to list it on the Works Consulted page - NOT on the Works Cited page.

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION - REQUIREMENTS

See Parenthetical Citation examples below and Sample Parenthetical Citation References following Works Cited Page Sample on page 28.

NOTE: Every entry listed on the Works Cited page must have at least one reference in the text of your paper AND every parenthetical reference in the text of your paper must be listed on the Works Cited page.

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Common Example: (Parenthetical Documentation in text of paper) Until recently Jupiter was believed to have four moons (Loomis). The discovery of another seven orbiting objects, possibly moons, opens up new territory in the search for life (Colonna 14). The picture is further complicated by the presence of a slow-moving comet (“Discover” 33). (Works Cited) Loomis, Rick. Urmel (bomb-sniffing dog) [digital image]. McLatchy Photo. Academic OneFile. Web. 10 September

2010.

Colonna, Thomas E.. “Following a New Path along the Search for Life”. Mercury 11 June 2000: 11-17. Print. “Discover the Comet.” Time 22 Mar. 1996: 32-35. Print. Notes: For two authors, use both names as you would in the Works Cited entry – ex. (Barone and Doe 55). For three or more authors, use the first author followed by et al. – ex. (Eldredge, et al. #) where # means page number or page

number range used. To list more than one parenthetical reference for a given sentence or paragraph, use a semi-colon between entries – ex.

(“Discover” 34; Loomis; Colonna 11) If an entire paragraph comes from a single source, you may list it once at the end of the paragraph. For two entries by the same author or starting with the same title words, see the librarian or your Research Paper Guide.

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION - EXAMPLES

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Works Cited Barone, Michael and John Doe. “Banners for the Future.” Newsweek 11 December 1995: 55. Print.

Burke, Charles. “Africa and Human Rights.” Human Rights Reports 3 May 1996: 12-24. Web. 5 July 2010.

The Colors in the Tail of Haley’s Comet [digital image]. Palomar Observatory. 22 September 2001. Kopernick Observatory. Web.

24 April 2010. JPG. (Note: Ignore A, An and The when alphabetizing titles)

Eldredge, Walter, et al. Television and Violence. Chicago: Random, 1988. Print.

[Florida Swamp Alligator with Two Babies] [digital image]. Wailer, David. “Alligator.” Animals in Danger. CD ROM. New York:

Exegetes, 1996.

Heilman, Robert B. “Charlotte Bronte’s ‘New’ Gothic.” The Brontes: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Ian Gregor. New York:

Prentice-Hall, 1970. 96-109. CD ROM. Discovering Authors. 2000.

“Ivory Coast.” The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2002. 24. Print.

Schindler’s List. Dir. Stephen Spielberg. MCA, 1993. Videocassette.

Wiegand, William. “J.D. Salinger: Seventy-Eight Bananas.” Chicago Review Winter 1958: 3-19. Rpt. in World

Literature Criticism: 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. 3020-3024. Print.

Yero, Judith L. The Meaning of Education. Teacher’s Mind Resources. 2001-2002. PDF.

Zimmerman, B. “Health in Today’s World.” Washington Post 2 Dec. 1999: B6. Academic OneFile. Web. 7 Sept. 2010.

SAMPLE WORKS CITED PAGE

28

(Barone and Doe 55)

(Burke)

(Colors)

(Eldredge, et al. #) - # means page number or number range used

([Florida])

(Heilman)

( “Ivory” 24)

(Schindler’s)

(Wiegand 3021-3023)

(Yero 3)

(Zimmerman)

SAMPLE PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION for WORKS CITED PAGE (above)

See Works Cited Page Requirements (page 8)

and

Parenthetical Documentation Requirements (page 26)

29

QUESTIONS

30

NOTES

31

Librarians – Union Endicott Central Schools

Prepared by Cheryl Naslund Librarian at Union Endicott High School

Union Endicott High School Library June 2015

Cheryl Naslund Union Endicott High School

Elizabeth Engle Jennie F. Snapp Middle School

Carrie Potter Ann G. McGuinness Elementary George F. Johnson Elementary Sue Carey Charles F. Johnson Elementary Thomas J. Watson Elementary

works cited style · pdf fileunion endicott central schools . union endicott high school...

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