How Do We Look at Our World’s Greatest Innovations

Through Differing Lenses?

Lens 1: Origin

Lens 2: Past View

Lens 3: Present View

Issue #1, Volume #1 Spring 2010

New Tech @ Wayne

High School

9100 Winchester Road Fort Wayne, IN 46819

(260) 467-6500 (Phone) (260) 467-6493 (Fax) www.fwcs.k12.in.us

Volume 1, Issue 1

Spring 2010

Publishers

Melissa Cox & Riley Johnson

Design & Editing Team

Paege Bowers, Shauna Doss, Demarcus Martin, Corlonda Patterson,

and Bre Shaw

Contributing Writers

Students of First Period World Studies Class

Cover Pictures

Harper’s Weekly Magazine ©,

University of Miami ©, New Tech @ Wayne

Trust,

Respect,

& Responsibility

1

©

©

©

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Innovations

Pg. 4-8: Crop Rotation

Pg. 9-13: Gun Powder

Pg. 14-21: Printing Press

Pg. 22-27: Renaissance Art

Pg. 28-32: Leonardo da Vinci

Pg. 33-38: Vaccination

Pg. 39-42: Steam Engine

Pg. 43-47: Electricity

Pg. 48-54: Telephone

Pg. 55-60: Jazz

Pg. 61-65: Mexican Revolution

Pg. 66-71: Television

Pg. 72-76: Atom Bomb

Pg. 77-82: Computer

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Dear Reader, Albert Einstein once said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” Some will argue that this statement is crazy, but the two together can be a powerful thing. Our World Studies class examined some of the most important innovations throughout his-tory to see what their impact on society was. In today’s ever-changing world, it is important that you provide literature that reaches beyond your culture. For this reason, we chose to create a bi-lingual magazine in English and Spanish. As historiographers, we chose to look at each innovation through THREE distinct lenses. In order to understand the im-pact, we had to see how societies view of the innovation has either changed or continued from the ORIGIN, into the PAST VIEW, and currently in the PRESENT VIEW. We hope that you can gain a better understanding of the exact impact that these powerful inno-vations have had and still continue to have on our very own global culture. Thank you and enjoy our magazine. World Studies Class New Tech @ Wayne HS 2010

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Well it started in 2,000

B.C, well that when the Ro-

mans started to spread their

farming practices through the

Roman Empire. After that the

Europeans followed their little

cropping rotation and called it

“Food, Feed, and Follow.” A

nice little catchy name huh?

Well after that the farm-

ers divided their land into a

nice little three sections, and

each year they planted food

grain as Wheat on the first sec-

tion, Livestock on the second,

and Barley on the last.

Once farmers started

to hear about this rotation,

all farmers wanted to use it.

They’d always remember

the catchy name “Food,

Feed, And Follow.” Europe-

ans quickly increased begin-

ning in the fifteenth century,

allowing farmers more space

to experiment with different

crop rotation schedules. By

1800, many European farm-

ers had adopted a four-year

rotation cycle developed in

Holland and introduced in

Great Britain by Viscount

Charles turnip towns end in

the mid-1700s.

BY DION WALKER

Have you ever seen the com-

mercials with hungry chil-

dren around the world? At

one point, our cultures

couldn’t have help these

starving children. Well how-

ever, the system of crop rota-

tion however, Changed how

food is now provides food

for people across the world.

It is an interesting story in

agricultural history.

Droughts have always af-

fected civilizations ability to

put food in the table.

algunos un plantarando

el ciclo de cosechas

4

The four-field system ro-

tated wheat, Barley, a root

crop like turnips, and a nitro-

gen-fixing crop like clover.

Livestock, Grazed directly

on the clover, and consumed

the root crop in the field. In

the new system, fields were

always planted with either

food or feed, increasing both

grain yields and livestock

productivity, and that’s how

it all originated.

2,00B.C- El Compartido Romano empezar su practi-cas Con el imperio Romano

1700s- ellos encuentran la riacien metodo de co-secha

late 1700s- La rotación de cultivos en 1794 esta de arvejas, los guisantes las habas, seguidos por los nabos, vendieron a los vaca encargados de Londres, entonces por el trigo cebada avena.

1800s- La rotación vieja encountrando

1900s- los romanos plantarando cosechas en principal piso de suelo

present 2008- ahora tienen un día de maniobras de centro de la in-vestigación de la agricultura de Hermiston y de la patata de la ex-tensión

el ciclo de cosechas

5

Have you

ever wondered why plants take up to 4 years to grow and reach their full nutrition? At the beginning, the Ro-mans waited 3 and ¾ of a year waiting for their food to grow. This started a riot, causing villagers to kill for food. A form of crop rotation was a cause for many deaths for many Romans, but the real crop rotation wasn’t in-vented yet.

Crop rotation is a rotation of plants. Farmers rotate plants because their nutrients are wasted in the soil. Well, we’re about to go back to the Ancient Romans times where it all began. The Romans were some of the people that grew their plants from the earth. They grew many foods which took up to 4 years to grow.

Once it was in-vented, people started to use it to produce more delicious food. The industry made a profit on various foods. At this time, farmers who used crop rotation made high revenue, making more peo-ple buy a certain product. What happens to the crop in the winter months, you may ask. In the winter months such as late December, Janu-ary, February, and early March the soil is not produc-tive.

By: Demarcus Martin

Well, Mues from the Southwest Iowa News says that the farmers spread nitro-gen fertilizer in the desired area by plowing it in the soil that following spring or the upcoming fall.

The Romans were great cultivators, they used animals that they had to har-vest or plow their crops. We used machines like tractors. As the Romans making their civilization they started to spread to other lands with different people. This con-vergence was mixed with surrounding countries such as early Greece, Italy, and Turkey, but they also created divergence for keeping their techniques to themselves. They have techniques for crop rotation about harvest-ing. The method is food, feed, and fallow. The Roman used this successful method to them to grow their food.

Crop rota-tion is a very pro-ductive way to produce your foods to their richest and most nutritious taste and quality. Viscount Charles "Turnip" Townshend developed the invention of crop rotation. The Romans made the idea of crop rotation, but it was not successfully develop into an invention because of the downfall of the civili-zation of the ancient Ro-mans. As this caused diversion across the continents, crop rotation lost until Turnip researched it.

Viscount Charles Townshend se llama "Turnip" porque le gusta plantar.

L a r o ta c i o n d e c u l t i vo s

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Many years later, the U.S. got a hold of it and then started to use it so does other countries. Let's use India as an example; they have many farmers cropping plants to grow. India does not use that many ani-mals because of their religion to respect animals such as cows. The U.S. uses both animals and machines for crops and crop rotation. The U.S. is a country that has major growth, but since the recession, crop rotation is not talked about much. India is a country with many cul-tures with growth and has a high rise in movie productions; however, crop rotation is very popular in India because their abundant respect of animals.

2000 B.C. - Los Romanos crean una forma diferente de cultivo rotacion.

16th century - Muchos ag-ricultores no saben como hacer cultivo rotacion, pero usan los animales para cor-tar sus comidas y plantas.

1750 A.D. - Viscount Charles Townshend esta investagando si los Ro-manos hacen sus metodos de cultivo rotacion. Su in-vencion lleva muchos anos para crear.

1800 A.D. - Un agricul-tor Europeo se llama Viscount Charles "Turnip" Townshend descubre cultivo ro-tacion.

1950 A.D. - Los Ag-ricultors empiezan crear fertilizantes para sus cultivos. Los fertilizantes son para matar los in-sectos que esta comiendo el cul-tivo.

Los Romanos estan usando miaz, papas, y tomates.

Los cinco innovaciones son tecnologia, ciencia, arte, politics, y agricultura. Ellos son descubrido por los inventores y la gente quien hace ideas. (Picture of Kan-sas rural area from miles up in the clouds (Right))

Timeline

Credit to: “Crop Rotation– History.” 2010. Net indus-tries and its licensors. 27 April 2010. < http://science.jrank.org/pages/1870/Crop-Rotation-History.html>. Visit their website for more.

(Continued)

El rotación de cultivos fase

Think of you being on your farm and you start to see all of your plants begin to die due to a disease or some kind of pest in a time where there are no pesticides or plant medi-cines. Now think of a time where there is a method where you can prevent these diseases and pests. This method is called the crop rotation and it has revolutionized the way that people have farmed in the past as well as now.

The crop rotation is one of the oldest innovations around. It started in the late 1200’s by the Ro-man Empire. This innovation was a way to stop disease and pests getting into your crop. The basic process of the crop rotation is to switch through completely different crops each season to stop the build of different pests and diseases. The crop rotation is very important and affects people even today. It pro-vides millions of people with fresh disease free food. Without contami-nated food people won’t get sick as often. Also this innovation will help

the economy of the country greatly because the crops that are being grown are mostly cash crops and with damaged crops there will be less money and a damaged economy.

Society today has a strange view on the crop rotation because it seems that most people don’t even know what it is. Although they don’t know what the crop rotation is it af-fects everyone around the world. Eve-ryone eats something that comes from a farm and they are probably happy that that they aren’t getting sick from their food although sometimes people do. So if you had to say societies view on the crop rotation is that it is a great way to grow crops. The method of the crop rotation hasn’t changed much over the years but there are a few select things that have changed. One of the big things that has changed is the use of machines in the crops which causes people to grow, harvest, and rotate their crop much faster. There are some differences in the way that they fertilize the crop as well. When the crop rotation first came

along there was the “off” crop which restores the nitrogen in the soil and they had cows eat the entire crop and the manure would fertilize the soil. Now they way they do the fertilization it to till the soil with crop back into the soil and let it make natu-ral fertilizer. The lasting impact of the crop rotation is that people know that they can always get fresh crops with-out disease and their economy won’t be in trouble

Hopefully everyone knows a little more on the crop rotation. It is a strange subject because not many people know what it is but it does affect everyone around the world and without it there would be many dis-eases in the crops. Also the economy would be in deep trouble and crops and the way people grow them would be completely different today.

By Austin Art

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In 142 AD during the Han Dynasty a man named Wei Boyang was one of the first to write anything about gunpow-der. He wrote a paper about three mixtures but no one knew if it was about gunpowder or not. In 300AD a chin dynasty scientist named Ge Hong has recently wrote down the ingredients in gun-powder and described the explosion. It’s not very hard to make gun-powder all the ingredi-ents are is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter, or potassium nitrate. Sculpture is naturally a yellowish rock that you mine out of the ground. You get potassium nitrate or salt-peter by taken animals manure and letting it sit somewhere for a while and then letting it decay. Then you will mix the three powders together, using about fifteen parts of saltpeter to the three parts of charcoal and two parts of sulphur.

The reason gunpow-der explodes is that it

burns so fast and when the gunpowder burns it releases a gas that is bigger than the volume of original powder. About 700 AD people begin to use gunpowder. T’ang dynasty emperors used gun-powder to put in the great fireworks that where dis-played. Around 904 AD Chinese inventors began to see that gunpowder could also be use in powerful weapons. The first to use gunpowder was the army, they used the gunpowder to shot cannonballs witch all they did was light gunpow-der at the one end. . That was the same idea that they use today to work guns and cannons. The Chinese tried to keep their discovery se-cret. But by the 1100’s AD the secret had got out and people in Islamic empire and then Roman Empire understood how gunpowder was used in weapons. Not too long after that Europe also learned how to use gun-powder. The Chinese where not exactly how they found out but they thought it had something to do with third. crusade. There was a monk

named roger bacon in England and he described gunpowder as a weapon and thought it came from foreign places. The invention of gunpowder led to many different other stuff such as firearm, bombs, cannons, fire-works, and also grenades. The origi-nal black gunpowder was replaced later by smokeless powder. The rea-son for replacing black gunpowder to smokeless powder is because the black gunpowder produced so much smoke that it could lessen a soldier’s vision once they fired the gun. When smoke-less gun powder was invented it solved a lot of problems. This inven-tion is still used in advanced firearms and other hobbies like target shooting or hunting. Also every Fourth of July is an example of gunpowder used be-cause it explodes and shoots the fire-work into the air and explodes. With-out gunpowder you wouldn’t be able to enjoy the beautiful display. The bullets to day they make have many different amounts of gun powder. The amount of gunpowder put into a bul-let gives it many different more ve-locities and many other advanced technologies that the Chinese would be proud of.

Ad, 300. "History of Gunpowder - History for Kids!" Kidipede - History and Science for Kids Homework Help for Middle School. Web. 23 Apr. 2010. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/war/gunpowder.htm . Castleden, Rodney. “Inventions That Changed The World”. Chartwell Books, INC07 The Chinese Invention of Gunpowder." Howard-Suamico School District. Web. 23 Apr. 2010. http://www.hssd.k12.wi.us/bayport/staff/berna/wh101/student/wh101/3rd/stevenbuss.htm .

By Chase Forshee

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1700

1760

1800

1860

1900

1960

2000

2010

Coal is found by Huguenot settlers at Manikin on the James River, near what is now Richmond, Virginia. (1701)

Coal is used to manufacture, shot, shell, and other war material during Revolution-ary War. (1762)

Surface mining, then called “strip” mining, begins near Danville, Illinois. Horse-drawn plows and scrapers are used to remove Overburden so the coal can be dug and hauled away in Wheelbarrows and carts (1866)

Electric Co. builds the first alternating Current power plant at Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania, for Webster Coal and Coke Co., to eliminate inherent Difficulties in long-distance direct-connect transmis-sion. (1901)

1961 Coal becomes the major fuel used by electric utilities to generate electricity.

2005 Congress passes and President signs into law the Energy Policy Act of 2005 that promotes increased use of coal through clean coal

10

Have ever wondered what the impact of gun-powder has done to past societies? One of four great inventions of ancient China, gun-powder. Has had a huge impact on our world in the present but most importantly past times. Gunpowder has been created into many deadly weapons such as bombs, can-nons, grenades, and especially firearms, but have you ever wondered what gunpowder was first used for? Ancient China’s Taoist alchemist, Ma Jun formulated black powder around the 850’s and filled bamboo tubes with this explosive substance. When this ex-plosive substance was ignited it produced an invigorating and sadistic explosion. When Chinamen were notified that this substance produced such disaster, they immediately found a way to use as warfare weapons, such as missiles and war rockets. This wondrous weapon revolutionized warfare and gave an advantage to the Chinese, because of its dev-astating effect. This one simple invention al-lowed china to over throw civilizations and dynasties, and also defend themselves more confidently.

Gunpowder is a concoction of two different elements known as carbon and sulfur, and also assorted with a compound known as saltpeter. Gun-powder works by the rapid burning of sulfur, which requires the lowest ignition temperature. China was known for using gunpowder for driving off evil spirits and for pyro-technic entertainment. The first known recipe for gunpowder came from an an English alchemist and Fran-ciscan monk, known as Roger Bacon. The explosive Bacon described was composed of six parts of saltpeter to five parts of charcoal and five parts of sulfur. Afterwards later versions used more saltpeter to make a more devastat-ing effect. However this invention is still very significant it doesn’t just harm our society it helps our society protect themselves as well as celebrating our holidays, and the way it revolutionized war. The revolutionizing of war and the way wars were fought became the his-tory of the use of this explosive mixture in new and more violent ways. War changed from hand-to-hand combat to killing at a distance. Gunpowder has a positive impact on past societies by being used to celebrate holidays, such as New Years and the 4th of July, gun-powder has also influenced the develop-

ment of metallurgy, engineering, chemistry, physics, industry, trade economics, and social structure. For the most part the least obvious impact but the most important was its influence on theories of nature. By the 17th century many studies of the reaction of gunpowder resulted in the understanding that fire isn’t an element, which over threw the old first four elements. Along with positive impacts gunpowder has a negative impact on society by being used for warfare. Gunpowder had an effect on many past cultures, by only china men knowing the for-mula to gunpowder, other cultures were fasci-nated as well as devastated. Wars against the Chinese were unfair due to the gunpowder for-mula being withheld under china. In war china men would use war rockets (a bamboo stick with a small rocket/firework attached to the bamboo and aimed at the enemy in war). No matter how hard China tried to hide formula it still seemed to pass down the silk road along to other cultures which began more wars against more cultures. Around the 15th century is when hand-guns were starting to be created. This caused soldiers lives to multiply and end faster. Gunpowder helps us in many ways, by still being used in modern time wars, and without gunpowder we would’ve never gained out independence, as well as for many other countries, due to the massive use of gunpowder our modern day times wouldn’t be the same without the invention of gunpowder.

By Nate Vargas

By: Dillan Esquivel

Where would we be in today’s society without the in-vention and innovation of gun-powder? It is true that if we didn’t discover gunpowder we wouldn’t have so many fire-arms related deaths, but some in the “gun loving” society are against this they say that “guns don’t kill people, people kill people.” But as this is true gun-powder is used for more than just the gloom and doom of warfare; they are also used for things like demolition projects, fun objects like fireworks, and a varying number of things.

“What gunpowder did for war the printing press has done for the m i n d . ” Wendell Phillips

Before mining with dynamite and charges, they used hand-drills for 300 years before 1870 then after 1870 they were introduced to ma-chine drills then to gunpowder charges in 1927 then to dyna-mite in 1942 as a more produc-tive means to get metals for the war effort. In 1931 gunpowder got a bad wrap in the mines due to the blasts creating fire and igniting the trapped methane gas known back then as “fire damp” and was replaced by a substance called Maizite this was the safer alternative until the Mining Corporation of America developed a safe way of ventilating mine-shafts in 1967. In 1971, gunpowder made a reappearance in the mining scene.

In modern day Amer-ica we use gunpowder for pri-marily fireworks, mining, and firearm rounds. The invention of mining works a similar way but it is not trying to propel anything instead it is trying to blow something away this is a very simple process you “ignite” the fuse, it gets to the charge and boom no more rock. The boom comes from the gunpowder’s gasses being

You are just amazed by how these work because it is actually just as simple as min-ing charges. Because all that happens is a fuse ignites a pro-pellant it flies up and explodes. The Chinese actually invented firecrackers in the 10th century AD. They used gunpowder wrapped in papyrus and wound papyrus lased with gunpowder.

Fuegos de artificiales son una vista preciosa. La Pólvora un grand parte en permitir ellos traba-jan.

La Pólvora tiene un uso por más que 1000 años y todavía usa hoy. La pólvora tiene lugar en una prueba del tiempo.

12

Gun powder today there are many different types of gunpowder and all of them are im-portant one type is smokeless powder we use this for guns and some types of fireworks and as you can guess from the name it does not give off much smoke or residue. Another type is black powder now this stuff is dangerous is is classified as a Class-C explosive under pressure be-cause of the very “active” nitrates it is made out of and we use this for reenactments and movie productions for blanks. When this is under pressure it gives off a lot of energy almost as force-ful as dynamite! Today gun powder is a major staple in entertainment as well as warfare gun-powder like all of us has a good side and a bad side gunpowder is here to stay we might as well get use to it.

New world encyclopedia. “Gunpowder.” New World Encyclopedia.

New World Encyclopedia. April 2, 2008. Web. April 18, 2010.

The Faversham Website. “All About Gunpowder”. Early history and the use of gunpow-

der in guns. The Town of Faversham. Jan. 2010. April 2, 2010.

Las balas son un devastador arma, pero ellos pueden estar seguros si usa en las manos justas.

1999: La Policía prueba para el residuo de pólvora para la primera vez.

April 3rd 1901: La Pólvora es el aprovación para ser ca-paz de exportar, reservar, y usar.

1903: Primero el rifle automático; el Winchester es fuego.

1939: El primero largo dis-tancia del mundo: el rifle francotirador de 20 yardas. 2003: La pólvora tiene

DNT A cáncer motivo agente.

13

I am examining the past view invention called the printing press that German inventor Johannes Gutenberg had invented. Well throughout this project I learned many things of the printing press. To be truthful with you I didn’t have any idea what the printing press was at first. But as I did some research I came to realize that the print press was not some press or like papa-razzi for like celebrities or something. It as I had no idea it would be a ma-chine that applies pressure to a piece of paper or like back in there days it was also cloth. As I found out the inventor of this revolutionary machine was named Johannes Gutenberg he was a German goldsmith by profession, he lived his whole life in the Holy Roman Empire. Before he came out with the printing press he first made a printing process system to lead him to a suc-cessful product. Yeah as you would know, like many other inventors he had made earlier inventions that were not successful or just simply didn’t work.

14

But Gutenberg never gave up and even though he went to a process of money problems and was broke he still managed to get a way to come out with a printer, it de-layed the release of the product a couple of years after it could have been but it was worth the wait. It opened a door for other people to make a better innovation as well as a different invention.

The printing first came out way be-fore Gutenberg had made the printer. Nobody really knows when they actually started the printing but the earliest date ever recorded was in the year 888 in China, when the when the diamond sutra, a Buddhist scripture was the first of block printing that people had showed

documents to just a simple paper ei-ther an important person like a king to just a simple person that nobody hardly knows. This innovation happened to improve the improved from the first printer that Gutenberg brought to

the world; today there are people than can't do some things without the printer. Today printers have really changed and improved from the first printer that Gutenberg brought to the world, today there is people than can't do some things without the printer. This innovation had changed to this day by get-ting better and better because we just click a button and it prints itself which is way eas-

15

Printing Press timeline   

first stamp print  

movable clay tape was in‐vented 

printing press is started 

wooden press is com‐pleted with clay tape 

1448 calen‐dar is printed   

888  1041  1436  1440  1448   

el dia‐mante Sutra fue el primer ejemplo que fue fechado como un estampado de con molde 

Bi Sheng en china inventó la impresión móvil de arcilla 

Gutenberg empezó  a trabajar en la im‐prenta 

Gutenberg completó su im‐prenta que utilizaba madera 

Gutenberg imprenta el primer calendario para el año 1448   

16

The unprecedented impact of Gutenberg-style printing on the long-term development of modern European and then world history is difficult to capture in its entirety. Attempts at analyzing its manifold effects include the notion of a proper Printing Revolution and the creation of the Guten-berg Galaxy. The ready availability and affordability of the printed word to the general public boosted the democratization of knowledge and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy.Stencils may have been used to color cloth for a very long time; the technique proba-bly reached its peak of sophistication in Katazome and other techniques used on silks for clothes dur-ing the Edo period in Japan. In Europe, from about 1450 they were very commonly used to color old master prints printed in black and white, usually woodcuts. This was especially the case with playing-cards, which continued to be colored by stencil long after most other subjects for prints were left in

Printing press work cited

Phil Ament.The History of The Printing Press. Troy MI: ©1997-2007 The Great Idea Finder, May 1, 2007. Online. Available: <http://www.ideafinder.com>.4/17/10

17

En la primera imprenta presnas, El

papel es pone en la impresora

manualmente ser estampado. La

impresora maneja imprime mucho

páginas de un libro en un día. Los

escritores poden solo copian un

libro en un año. La cantidad de la

personas ser los escritores es limi-

tado, para que la cantidad de los

libros escasear. La imprenta prensa

Johannes Gutenberg es un orfebre

de Mainz, Alemania. Johannes

Gutenberg crea la imprenta prensa

en el año 1445 con la ayuda de

otro las personas. El invento de

Johannes Gutenberg cambia el

mundo y cómo las personas ve los

libros y la educación. Johannes

Gutenberg crea el más importante

el invento por educación.

Imagine a world without

books and being lucky to even know

the alphabet. Before the printing

press was invented by Johannes

Gutenberg in 1445, books were very

scarce because books had to be cop-

ied by hand. Scribes’ jobs were to

hand copy books like the bible, but

for a book that size, it could take up

to a year to copy it! With the inven-

tion of the printing press, several

hundred copies of books could be

made a year, but there was a down-

side to this. The type for pages had

to be set manually, as well as feeding

the paper into the printing press. The

invention of the printing press gradu-

ally changed the world according to

peoples' literacy, how books were

In the past time of the printing

press, printed books were often

rejected. Nobles did not want them

in their libraries because they

would spoil the valued hand-

copied books. Islamic cultures also

often rejected the printed books

because of the value of calli-

graphic traditions, which were

very important. No matter how

many people rejected the printing

press, it spread all over Europe

and Asia.

The invention of the

printing press surely altered the

way books are viewed today, and

even the authors themselves. As

books were produced and distrib-

uted in mass amounts, there was a

was attained and how reliable the

information was.

Because of the invention of

the printing press, the worlds' liter-

acy level was gradually raised and

education was revolutionized. The

printing press insured that the same

information was transferred to multi-

ple pages, which caused page num-

bering, table of contents, and such to

become more common.

The invention of the print-

ing press by Johannes Gutenberg in

1445 changed the world. Without his

invention books were rare and liter-

acy levels were low. It was rare to be

able to even read before books were

being printed, because books were

scarce. Today, there are millions of

18

Works Cited

Fontaine, Jean-Paul. L'aventure du livre: Du manuscrit medieval a nos jours. Paris:

Bibliotheque de l'image, 1999.

Ament, Phil. "Printing Press". Troy MI: ©1997-2007 The Great Idea Finder. May 1,

2007. <http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/printpress.htm>. April

28, 2010.

Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. "HANDPRESS". April 26, 2010.

<http:// www.letterspace.com/handpress/index.html>. April 28, 2010.

Könyvtár, Országos . "The Hand-Press Period". National Széchényi Library. Jan 30,

2008. <http://typographia.oszk.hu/html/uk/gutenberg_uk.htm>. April 28, 2010.

1700

1900

1800

1750

1850

1728 William Ged está perfec-cionando el estereotipo im-prenta en 1728. Una página está puesta en un molde hacer un imprenta plato por el molde.

Un inventor crea la primera imprenta prensa por un americano. El in-ventor es Isaac Doolittle,

El inventor Alois Senefelder está experimentando con el planographic método de prenta, litografía, en 1794-98. El propósito de este méto-do es cubrir un ilustraciones en petróleo y aplica a una litografía

1769 1794-98

En 1812, Friedrich Koenig está creando la primera automática imprenta prensa y está instalando en las ofi-cinas de The London Times.

1812

El invento del primero automático composición tipográfica máquina comieza en las oficinas de The New York Tribune por Ottmar Mergen-thaler es un éxito.

1886

19

By Jason Cromwell

You! Tell me something,

and I want the whole nine yards

about this! What is printing press?

Do you know about it? Where it

came from? How it was made? Or

better yet do you even know what

it is? See that you are stressing on

this. So I will tell you some infor-

mation that would change your

mind about this topic. Are you

ready for this information? Sit

down, buckle up and be prepared

for what you are about to see. Are

you ready? Come on in then!

Johannes Gutenberg in-

vented his first printing press.

Printing press was invented around

1450 A.D. In the middle of the 19th

century Gutenberg technology for

his printing remained largely un-

changed. But during the 1800’s the

development of the rolls of paper

kept up with times as being effec-

tive way to produce many docu-

ments. The material also changed

for printing, instead of using wood

they use iron. During all this

changes, it added to the efficiency

So, the bigger question

is how did the printing press

change the world? Don’t know

the answer? Ok, I’ll tell you. It

changed the world because the

amount increased of available

information to a huge mass of

people. Think about it today

people enjoy technologies like the

emails, the internet, radio, cellular

devices (better none as cell phones to

the generation today), television,

digital camera and more! Those tech-

nologies have a huge impact on our

world today!

How did printing press

change over time? Gutenberg based

his design for the printing press was

Chinese. But due to the phonetic na-

ture of the European languages, the

printing press was able to produce

books in European & other lan-

guages. This also increases the

Later, the wonderful crea-tion of the internet became a new communication. It allowed for people to have ability to communicate with someone on the other end of the world in a mat-ter of seconds.

So have you had an

educational read today? Now

you can go and tell your

friends about the wonderful

printing press. Take this in-

formation that I have pro-

vided for you & share it &

love it. Well that’s all peeps!

I’m signing off. Adios!

By: Zaleikia P

20

Bellis, Mary. "Johnes Gutenberg

and the Printing Press".

About.com: Inventors. Apr

20.2010

<http://

inventors.about.com/od/

gstartinventors/a/

Gutenberg.htm>.

Carlyle, Thomas. "The Printing

Press". The History Guide. Apr

16.2010

<http://

www.historyguide.org/intellect/

press.html>.

Time". HyperHistory.net. Apr

21.2010

<http://

1452:En Europe, plato metalico ser primera impersion.Gutenberg em-peza impresion de Biblia cual el ter-mina en 1456.

1476:William Caxton comienza una impresion de Gutenberg en In-glaterra.

1477:Intaglio es usado para libro ilustracion para el libro Flemish Il Monte Sancto di Dio.

1495:Primero papel Molino abre.

1501:El tipo en cursive primero

21

By: Max Carroll

Imagine you are walking through a museum in Italy and you see this painting. Some people would not think much of it, but this is truly a beautiful piece of art. But this is only one of many that come from the Renaissance Art period. The Ren-aissance Art period was a time where many artists connected to the true beauties in life. The art period began in the 14th cen-tury, and ended in the 16th century. In that time many beautiful pieces of art have been created by the artists of that time. They called the art period the Renaissance because it means “rebirth”. They called it the rebirth because it was a time period of a huge change in the way artists made their art.

Artist began to look at art from a dif-ferent prospective. They looked at the natural beauties in life. But the art was not only paintings; it was also sculptures that made the art period known. The artists really made a connection to the art they created. They wanted to show the world the real beauties of human life.

Many of the artists connected with more than human beauties, they made art that represented religions of all over.

This innovation came about from the more wealthy people who would travel to Italy just to have these paintings made for them. They would also purchase the al-ready made paintings from the artists. To have a painting in your house from the renaissance art period is a real privilege and shows some of the most famous art in the world.

The painting above is the Mona Lisa painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in the Renascence Art Period, this is one of the most Famous pieces of art in the world today.

Above is a painting of the last supper connecting to religious be-liefs of the artists of the time.

The religion it connected the most with was Catholic. As you can see in the painting above by Leonardo Da Vinci he painted a picture of the last supper. But that was not the only famous painting he created. He also painted the Mona Lisa. But another famous artist of the time was Michelangelo, a painter and a sculptor. He made many beautiful pieces of art in his life time.

The Innovation That Changed and Shaped Our Culture

By Evelyn Leiva

“Art is never finished, only abandoned,” were the inspiring and true words of Leonardo Da Vinci. Has it ever occurred to you that maybe art has al-ways been a significant part of our lives? It’s all around us, and yet we still don’t notice it. Renais-sance art is one of the most significant innovations that has changed the way we look at art. Many artists during the renaissance created paintings that not only showed the beauty of humans, but relig-ion and the joy of life’s pleasures. Many do not know what the cause of the renaissance art was, but many believed it to be connected to the Black Death and the wars that went on between England and France, which had a huge impact on the arts. Many also believe that painting these portraits let them reflect on what had happened. It is still a mystery of why it even occurred. Renaissance art may have been more alive in the past, but it still continues to live on. Renaissance art affected people, but not as much as others thought it would. During this time period, many peasants lived on farms. The upper class mostly lived in cities with comfortable lives, while most peasants were poor and unemployed. Their lives differed immensely, which is why up-per and lower classes didn’t have the same inter-ests or lifestyles. The merchant class with the money to afford the art considered this an impor-tant activity. Many of them commissioned por-traits which is why many new ideas for paintings were created. Renaissance art was not only a hobby in Italy, but it became a part of their culture that easily influenced others, which was why it spread so quickly. Renaissance art was an important innovation that some people did not even know existed. Without the help of the Printing Press, the ideas wouldn’t

Esta pintura también es por Leonardo Da Vinci, que fue encargado de pintar “La Virgen de las Piedras.”

have spread as far and quickly in Italy as they did. Not only did it spread to the rest of Italy, but it spread to the rest of Europe as well! Each country has their own culture and tradi-tions, which is why the art changed constantly. Many of the reasons why it spread significantly was be-cause of people bringing back the ideas and paintings to their homeland. Evidently, it was mostly the mer-chant class who had the money and time to travel to Florence, the home of renaissance art. Renaissance art was usually inspired by the idea of religion, but once this innovation was spread around Europe, peo-ple began to think outside of the box. They focused on the human body; they painted portraits that to this day, are still extraordinarily famous.

Leonardo Da Vinci has been mentioned quite a lot throughout the renaissance history, but many do not truly know who he was or what he did. Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the greatest artists to live. Da Vinci was born and raised in Florence where his parents provided him with the best education they could. He was recognized as an artist, sculptor, scien-tist, and engineer. His innovations impacted the society greatly. For example, “The Mona Lisa” became well known all around the world and still continues to carry the fame it had in the past. His innovations spread quickly and easily influenced other painters, which still influences many today as well! El arte de renacimiento finalmente llego a un acabo en los 1600s, pero como dijo Leonardo Da Vinci, “El arte nunca se acaba, solo es abandonado.” El arte de rena-cimiento afecto la sociedad bueno y malo, pero tambien formo la cultura. Muchos de nosotros tenemos diferentes perspectivas de el arte de renacimiento, pero es creído que es unas de las innovaciones más importantes. Es visto como una innovación que tiene un sig-nificado y una innovación que importa. El arte de renacimiento necesitaba una manera de cambiar la forma que la gente miraba las situaciones, los proporciono con conocimien-to. El arte de renacimiento ha vivido por mu-chos años y seguirá viviendo y formando nuestra cultura por el resto de nuestras vidas.

Works Cited "Art quotes." ThinkExist 22 April 2010<http://thinkexist.com/quotations/art/>. "Renaissance Art Lesson." World History 22 April 2010<http:// www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_lessons/ma/renais sance_art.htm> "Renaissance Art." Art and Contemporary Art 22 April 2010 <http://wwar.com/masters/ movements/renaissance.html>. "Renaissance Art." Browse the World 19 April 2010 <http:// www.mrdowling.com/704-art.html>. "The Renaissance." Tucson Unified School District 17 April 2010<http://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/ uhs/website/courses/WC/Historiography/ renaissance.htm>. "Science and the Renaissance." Science and You 17 April 2010 <http://www.scienceandyou.org/articles/ess_15.shtml>.

La pintura de Leonardo Da Vinci representa la última cena que tuvieron en los últimos días de Jesús. También repre-senta los 12 apostales de Jesús y uno que lo traicionó.

Vinci que pintara su esposa. En estos años Leonardo Da Vinci empezó a crear unas de sus pinturas más famosas, “La Mona Lisa.” Esta

pintura fue encargada por Frances-co del Giocondo, que alquilo a Da

“La Sistine Madonna” fue pintada por Raphael Santi que usó muchas de las técnicas de Leonardo y también de Mi-chelangelo. Raphael pintó esta pintura en un altar de la iglesia monasterio de San Sisto. Después de pintar “La Sistine Madonna,” el recibió la tarea de pintar la pintura para el Papa Julias II.

En 1525 empezó la batalla de Pavia. La razón por la batalla fue por que el rey Louis XII quería extender las fron-teras de su país a la península de Italia.

1503-1504

1505-1507

1512-1513

1516-1519

1525

Albrecht Durer hizo un viaje a Venice, Italia que cambió su forma de ver las pinturas. Este viaje lo inspiró y también lo hizo ser más pro-ductivo. Unas de sus influencias más grandes de este viaje era Giovanni Bellini.

Este tiempo fue muy importante para Leonardo Da Vinci por que fue invitado al castillo del Rey Francis I. La razón de esta invitación fue por que el rey quería que Da Vinci pase sus últimos años ahí. Tres años después en 1519, Leonardo Da Vinci murió por su salud que no estaba en un buen estado. 24

25

As a well‐spent day brings happy sleep, so a life well spent brings happy death  Leonardo Da Vinci ‐ 

Leonardo Da Vinci creao Mona Lisa”

“ La virgin, el Niño, e St. Anne”

Wouldn't it be neat to take a

time travel machine and go back to

the day Renaissance began? Be able

to explore all the experience they had

and be able to see what rebirth meant

in their eyes? It all began back in

1350, renaissance or "Rebirth" art

was the new beginning of modern

days. Renaissance art started in Italy

and spread throughout the world in

the 1600's. It was a period of great

changes in art, science and culture.

The word renaissance also means"

Rebirth". It was the perfect word to

describe the time period. Many of the

great artists in history such as,

Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci

were present through this [re-birthing

period of time]. Leonardo was a big

inspiration back in this time. He was a

painter, sculptor, architect and an

engineer. Besides the time that it

took for each painting, Leonardo always found a

way to inspired people with the art he made. He

always showed great details that were filled with

love, happiness and some sad times. Many peo-

ple focused their lives on the way the art was

painted. Many religious people took this as a

chance to be "reborn" and brake free of their

religion. The way the art was looked at changed

the way people saw themselves and the world

around them. Not only was the society very dif-

ferent from our time, but the medieval world was

built around the nearest manor. Most of the ac-

tivities had to do with a manor or castle. By the

time renaissance art came around Europe had

grown and was very wealthy. Many people who

lived during this time had more

time to spare drawing and

more money to spend. They would

spend more time studying some new

ideas, and more money to make the art

make sense. Back in this time the draw-

ing was seen a different way than it is

now. During the 16th century they only

saw the "rebirth" as a bad side. The bad

side was seen as life being shorten and

lots of suffering. When the art was

taught to them they were to teach them

that art was about people and faith, to let

them know they would all have better

lives and would all soon go to heaven.

While they were being taught what

By Aaliyah Ellis

Dowling, Mike. "Renaissance Art". April 20, 2010 <http://www.mrdowling.com/704-art.html>. "Early Renaissance". Hunfor. April 20, 2010 <http://www.huntfor.com/

arthistory/renaissance/earlyrenaiss.htm>. "Timeline of Art". April 21, 2010 <http://www.alifetimeofcolor.com/study/

timeline.html>.

"Art History: Renaissance: (1400 - 1600)". World Wide Arts Resources. April 13, 2010 <http://wwar.com/masters/movements/renaissance.html>. Lynn, Nelson. "ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ART". April 13, 2010 <http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/07.html>.

"Images of Renaissance Art: Italian Painting". Hanover College. April 13, 2010 <http://history.hanover.edu/courses/art/111ren.html>.

Lenardo da Vinci crear facil arte.

Tapiceria artes de Gobelin la fabrica

Barroco artes and barroco la arquitec-ture empezar

Michelangelo muere

Primero cantante

1519 1564 1600 1607 1667

Renaissance meant, humanism started to influence all around. Humanism was reflected in the increase of the trades around the world.

Today many people see Renaissance as just some art that is funny looking and has no meaning, but they fail to realize what the

meaning of painting really is. When they thought of Renaissance they thought of how their lives would reflect on it. You

may not think the Renaissance doesn’t mean anything, but have you took the time to actually look up and see what it

really means? Never judge a painting by its art, because you never know what the meaning for the picture can mean.

26

27

“Art is never finished,

only abandoned”, one of the very many things that Leonardo Da Vinci said after he com-pleted a piece of art. He had so many different innovations that I would be talking to you for a much extended period of time. So I decided to just keep it short and simple and have my little article circle around just a few ideas. Da Vinci was born in April 15th 1452 in Vinci, Italy. Leonardo was what we call a gen-ius; he designed things that had no meaning in the period of time that he lived. All of his notes and drawings gave us insight on how to make things such as the heli-copter, the parachute, and the modern man design. The Mona Lisa was probably the paint-ing of his that had the most impact on the world. Leonardo had hundreds upon hundreds

but the ones that stuck out in

the faces of the world where The Last Supper, The Mona Lisa, and the Sistine chapel. He didn’t just paint, in fact he actu-ally created great war ma-chines. Historians have dis-covered old drawings and designs for what we call today a tank. Even though his drawings and ideas had no meaning Leonardo had hundreds upon hundreds of paintings at the time, they serve a purpose to us at the present time. When he had designed the para-chute he had no airplane to ever jump out of, but it serves a purpose for today. War machines are the main items that he fo-cused on actually. Leo-

nardo once created a twelve bar-reled can-non that could be fired all at once or one at a time. This m a c h i n e w o u l d q u i c k l y

turn the tide of the battle very quickly.

This is the most common drawing of Leonardo

Leonardo Da Vinci has inspired me to experiment with all of my great ideas, although I’m not really sure if I would be capable of creating a war machine. But things such as his painting could be the most exciting crea-tions to even come close to achieve. His paintings shook the world and are known across the globe. Some time ago I believe that the Mona Lisa was stolen from the museum that it was being held in. The next day it was right back in it’s space on the wall, without a soul knowing who took it.

The Mona Lisa is the most popular painting of Leo-nardo

By: Leroy Iseton

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/vinci.html

Work Cited

Leonardo De Vinci inveta un camino a ver como el sangre funciona.

Leonardo De Vinci inventa el primero que vuela a poca altura. Es fácil para el inven-tora. Su arte y ciencia son íncreible

By Courtne Benford

Throughout history there have been many in-ventors in the world, but there has never been an in-ventor quite like Leonardo Da Vinci. He was an artist, inventor, cartographer and many other things to be named. He came up with things in his mind unimag-inably so out of his day. He had many innovations that he never got to test but in the new generation we are currently using his inven-tions today.

Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci was born April 15th 1452. Leo-nardo was a lonely child, he had no clear home he had many brothers and sisters. He didn’t have many

options to do when he was growing up. He had to go to the army or be a trader he didn't want to do that in his life. He was also a Christian but didn't really embrace this he was stuck with the label illlegitable child.

All our knowledge has its origins in our percep-tions. —Leonardo De Vinci

Throughout his years of illegitimacy,

Leonardo had to teach himself he was known as the prob-

lem child. When Leonardo was.

twelve, his father took him to the big city of Florence also known as cutting edge center for the art world back then. Leonardo had talent for art and his father had connections he got Leonardo a job as a studio boy for Andrea Del Verroc-chio the best painter and sculptor of his day. Leonardo plunged into many projects such as painting, building, and decorating. Leo-nardo would practice all the time at his

Studio drawing better and better.

There was a cus-tomer one day at the shop with a plain shield and wanted the artist to design, so Verrocchio assigned Leonardo he went all out. He gath-ered dead animal parts together and constructed it into masterpiece learning about the ani-mal parts were a part of anatomy. He was taught that very well by his teacher. Throughout his years of being taught and challenged by the best of the best Leo-nardo gained great knowledge. He was truly a great inventor during his day the mind that stood on his shoul-ders was brilliant. He did many experiments and he also cut up dead bodies to really study the human body.

Beyond a doubt truth bears the same relation to false-hood as light to darkness.—Leonardo Da Vinci

Leonardo also designed weapons, tanks, flying machines etc. He also has these secret note-books that are scattered

around the world. That may contain even more brilliant ideas of the great man. People back then thought his ideas were stupid and were never going to work. They just thought he was a crazy person. But Leonardo thought of the most intelligent things of this world to-day. Having a major im-pact on this world with-out Leonardo de Vinci we wouldn’t have the things today.

going to work. They just thought he was a crazy person. But Leonardo thought of the most intelligent things of this world today. Having a major impact on this world without Leonardo de Vinci we wouldn’t have the things today.

Timeline

1452

Leonardo De vinci es nacer tener a propósito en vida. Es a gran

i n v e n t o r a d e arte,ciencia,tecnología y exito. mientras ser a Vinci lo tener ventaja y desven-taja. Ellos tratar lo gusta un persona.

1467

En quince Leonardo es man-dar a Florence a cuando aprendiza para Andrea De Verrocchio. El entender políticaes y agricultura. Lo eda fácil para Leonardo nunca difícil para lo. El usado Crear inventoes. Ahí es tiempos pasados cuándo Leonardo esta experomen-tando, cuándo Leonardo esta aprendiendo y cuándo Leo-nardo esta pensando.

1476

A las seis veinticuatro ellos acusada Leonardo de sodomía con cuatro otra. El puede vaciar su nombre. Ellos empieze su proceso lo llevar dos meses y el car-goes retirar.

1476-1484

Leonardo entierra entrar en su trabaj tratando a tachar contra su maestro. El tiene a estudio y solo. Pero visitar Verrocchio a menudo. El sereno ideaes más o menos volar. 1519

Leonardo De Vinci mueres en sesenta

siete en Clos Lucé France. Gente se da ese Leonardo esta in-teligente y ahí volun-tad nunca es a hom-bre gusta Leonardo De Vinci. Todos el aquellos tiempos él esta descubriendo y él esta encontrando cosaes fuera. Pero después de todos su brillantez él por ul-timo a duerme.

Works Cited

Nichols, Catherine. Leo-

nardo De Vinci. New York:

Rosen, 2006. Print

Strom, Laura. Leonardo da

Vinci. New York: Children's

Press, 2008. Print

Krull, Kathleen. Leonardo

da Vinci. New York: Pen-

guin, 2005. Print

Anderson, Maxine. Amaz-

ing Leonardo da Vinci In-

ventions. Chicago: Inde-

-pendent Publishing group,

2006. Print

Bortolon, Liana. The Life,

Times And Art Of Leo-

nardo. New York: Crescent

Books. Print

30

31

To the top:Leonardo Da vinci es un inventor, un artista y crear ciencias. El es famoso para su arte.

To the top: La Mona Lisa está creando por Leonardo Da vinci. El empezar el cuadro del Mona lisa en 1503

By Kayla Logan

When people hear Leonardo Da Vinci major-ity think “Artistic Genus” of the Renais-sance, but there is way more to him then just that. Leonardo Da Vinci was a major person of the Renaissance; and he possessed one of the greatest minds of all time. Da Vinci was born on April 15 1452 and later died May 2, 1519. He was raised by his single father and never attended public school. At the age of 15, he joined a studio called Af Andrea De Verrocchio in Florence, which triggered his love for art. Later on in Da Vinci life, he studied philosophy, natural history, anatomy, biology, medicine, science, and mathematics. He sketched the first helicopter, parachute, first motor car, and many other things. His most famous pieces of art are the Mona Lisa, and the Last Supper. It is clear the Da Vinci had a lasting impact on society.

Leonardo’s impact on society was that he was not only a great artist during the renais-sance, but a man with a mystery to his paint-ings.

Not only are his art views as revolutionary but is also viewed as a message there are a lot of theories to Leonardo and what his painting ac-tually meant. They say that the Mona Lisa has all kinds of hidden messages in it. Some of the theory’s behind that painting are that Da Vinci put some of his facial features into the painting to make it look more like him. The mysterious smile of the Mona Lisa was most important to people who saw it, some say that it seem to change even though the surface of the painting obviously does not. Professor Margaret Living-stone of Harvard University argues that the portrait seems to be smiling more when they are not directly looking at her. Other people in society view Da Vinci as a person who led a secret society that put secret codes and mes-sages into their art. Some would say that he was he was a keeper of some secrets to be passed down through ages. There are many more theory’s behind the painting, but there is no actual evidence to prove that they are true.

32

↓

1496: Esto es cuándo Leonardo empieza su arte. Es rápido aprender arte. Una desvantaja es que él escribe. Lenonardo tiene éxito con arte. él origina a Florence a seguir su arte

↑

1495-97:

él crea la última cena. El tiene arte Mirada fácil.

↓

1503-06: él crea la última cena. El tiene arte

Mirada fácil.

↑

1513-16

- El empeza como a él trabajador en Rome y continua el arte . él experimenta con anatomìa. él también estudia la technologìa and las ciencias.

↓

1516

Él está earning el tìtulo

Premier Painter. él

experimenta y es él gran

inventor .

Leonardo Da Vinci was a genius, but there is no explanation to who he was. There are many questions that still remain if he had live another century, would he had been more important as a part of art and science. Leonardo has changed the way people think because; people assume that science and art cannot mix. Da Vinci had proof that works of a genius can emerge from the com-bination of art and science. His lasting impact was that was that he left people with question that would Rome the earth forever, things he invented moved on to become bigger things that make up our society today. His art are debates on who the people are or what they meant. He had a devotion to scientific methods, observing, experimenting, and investigating, was revolutionary. There are many questions that still remain the most intrigu-ing questions are: would he ever had shared or submitted his ideas if he was still alive today.

"Renaissance Man." Museum Of Science . Web. 13 Apr. 2010. <http://http://www.mos.org/leonardo/bio.html>. “The Secrets of Lenardo Da Vinci.” The UnMuseum. Web. 13 Apr. 2010. <http://http://www.unmuseum.org/leocode.htm>. “Facts about Lenardo Da Vinci.” Buzzle.Com. April 20, 2010< http:// www.buzzle.com/articles/facts-about-leonardo-da-vinci.html> “ Leonardo Da Vinci 1452- 1519.” Yesnet. April 20, 2010http:// www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/renaissance/davinci.html “ Leonardo Da Vinci (1452- 1519) .” The Worldwide Art Gallery. April 20, 2010< http://www.theartgallery.com.au/arteducation/ greatartists/davinci/about/>

One of Da Vinci Most Famous Paintings

33

Diseases and viruses were one of the biggest problems back in the middle of the 16th century.

They killed many people a year and there was no treatment to stop these pesky organisms from

causing harm to people. Viruses are for the most part unpredictable why a disease is mostly pre-

dictable. Around 500 years ago the smallpox was around and was on a rampage. By the mid

1700’s 2 million people were dying yearly. This was a time that needed immunization and they

needed it fast. People were working tirelessly on some way to stop this disease from killing

anymore innocent people.

The origin of immunization was a new and scary thought. Having something injected

into you and hoping that it works isn’t exactly something most people want done to them. It did

grow more popular as time went on. If it wasn’t for immunization then smallpox would have

almost indefinitely killed off the human population and if I didn’t we

34

Works Cited Plotkin, Stanley A. “Vaccines: past, present and fu-ture.” 2005. Nature Medicine. 16 April 2010.

<http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v11/n4s/full/nm1209.html>. “Polio Vaccines.” Global Polio Eradication Initiative. 22 April 2010.

<http://www.polioeradication.org/vaccines.asp>. “Smallpox Vaccine.” 20 April 2010. Wikipedia. 20 April 2010.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox_vaccine>. “When was Chemotherapy Invented?” 1999-2010. eHow. 22 April 2010.

<http://www.ehow.com/facts_5158838_chemotherapy-invented.html>. Yahoo Answers. 2008. Chemotherapy. 22 April 2010.

<http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?

SPANISH TIMELINE Early 15th century- La viruela es encontrar Mid 15th century- Pánico extender a lo largo de mundo Late 15th century- inmuizácion es presentar para viruela 16th-19th century- viruela lentamente amainar 20th century- viruela es desaparecida

would have been severely scarred for the rest of life. However smallpox was the leading cause

of death in the 16th and 17th century.

Immunization was everything except useless. It was possibly one of the most impor-

tant innovations created at this time. It allowed for people to endure the diseases and other

viruses lurking around in the new places that they went. It allowed for people to move around

and live in new places making the world as it is today. Immunization spread throughout the

world as people moved around and as science broadened and it became more needed.

This is how immunization began and the much needed spread of it around the world.

The spread was fast and made the world a lot safer place to live in.

By: John-Nicholas Shanyfelt

35

By Shauna Doss

With a world full of dis-eases, what would happen if im-munizations weren’t around? The Ming Dynasty was a start of the immunizations as we know it. With more and more diseases spreading around the world, more immunizations are being formed to cure the diseases. Immunization goes back to the time of the Ming Dynasty. The first form of immu-nization was formed to heal and cure smallpox of the Chinese. Dur-ing this time, the death rate was 20-30% of the cases would end up dying from smallpox. The Ming Dynasty lasted from 1567-1572, so during those years, most of the population had to fight the disease of smallpox.

Early immunizations of smallpox had containments of cow skin and other parts of cows in the vaccine such as cowpox. Dr. Few-ster’s was an early account of the vaccination in the year 1765 with him writing about the cowpox vaccine for smallpox.

With all the different dis-eases, there are tons of people who created or invented the different vaccines for the diseases. With each war or battle that a country faces, they come back and intro-duce more diseases. Most of the diseases that are new to countries cause a large amount of death with the fact that they are new and there isn’t a cure for them yet. When there are new diseases, there are a less chance of people making it based on the fact that there is no vaccine.

Cell structure has a lot to do with the vaccines of diseases that people may be facing. With the development of influenza and other diseases, it’s harder to just have one type of vaccine for the disease based on the fact that there are many different forms of the disease so there cannot be just one type of vaccine. Each different form of the vaccine will cure a different form of the disease. Now over the years there have been plenty of down falls from vac-cines, but they have changed dras-tically over the years. In the early years there were plenty of prob-lems that people would face with receiving a vaccine. Now there are fewer problems with receiving a vaccine.

36

Immunization is one of the most helpful and hurtful prod-ucts in the world. They can help cure or heal any heath issue or disease, but with that being said, some immunizations are hard on your body. With some diseases it’s usually too late when people get an immunization. For example, with cancer chemo is usually worthless on the worse stages of cancer and some patients decide that it isn’t worth the time and after effect that you receive so they don’t take it. Chemotherapy was invented during World War II. Another immunization that has been made possible is the polio vaccine. In the year 1955, Dr. Jonas Salk invented the immuniza-tion vaccine for polio.

With each different im-munization that has an advantage, there is a disadvantage. The disad-vantages are usually small, but they can also be drastic. With the immunization vaccine for chicken pox, you are able to receive a small case of them. Another disad-vantage, if you receive the flu shot, you can receive a minor case of the flu. The more and more testing they do on immunizations, the fewer disadvantages there will be. Over the years, immunizations disadvantages are not becoming such a problem as they were in the beginning. With every immuniza-tion there is an after effect but sometimes there are not as signifi-cant as others, which vary on the type of immunization and the rea-son why you had the immuniza-tion.

Works Cited Plotkin, Stanley A. “Vaccines: past, present and future.” 2005. Nature Medicine. 16 April 2010.

<http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v11/n4s/full/nm1209.html>. “Polio Vaccines.” Global Polio Eradication Initiative. 22 April 2010.

<http://www.polioeradication.org/vaccines.asp>. “Smallpox Vaccine.” 20 April 2010. Wikipedia. 20 April 2010.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox_vaccine>. “When was Chemotherapy Invented?” 1999-2010. eHow. 22 April 2010.

<http://www.ehow.com/facts_5158838_chemotherapy-invented.html>. Yahoo Answers. 2008. Chemotherapy. 22 April 2010.

<http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080417131715AASN7B5>.

1955- Polio’s vaccine was in-vented by Dr Jonas Salk. This keeps our immune system fighting against this disease. La vacuna de polio es inventado por Dr. Jonas Salk. La ciencia, el diplomático, y la investigación son factores en-cuentran a el experimento con Polio.

La inmuni-zación de quimioterapia con Cáncer.

<http://www.bxscience.edu/ourpages/users/Villani/bionic/2009/base/pages/image001.jpg>

Carta de la inmunización con diferente enfermedades. < http://www.project.org/images/graphs/Childhood_Immunization.jpg>

Time line: 1567-1572: Ming Dynasty started and caused the Chinese to receive the disease named small pox. Smallpox during the Ming Dy-nasty, the population dropped with the death rate that was happening based on this disease. Ming Dy-nasty empezamos y causa a los Chinos a recibir la enfermedad con la nombre smallpox. Smallpox durante la Ming Dynasty, la po-blación declinar con la muerte velocidad que un suceso con sede en esta enfermedad. 1937- 1945: Congress of the U.S. gave in to an act to the National Cancer Institute. This helped formed the chemotherapy. Chemo was invented based on World War II with some of the United States Department of Defense members who were around World War II. El congresio de los Estados Unidos cae en la tension al acto para el National Cancer Institute. El propósito es encontrar a cura con Cáncer.

By Breanna Shaw

“The only safe vaccine is the one that is never used.”- Doctor James R. Shannon. All over the world people got sick. It didn’t matter if you were black, white, red, blue, skinny, tall, fat, short, everyone gets sick. Immunization is making someone or something immune so they or it can have immunity against diseases or infections. Can you imagine this world without immunization? Imagine how immu-nizations have made a big impact on our world today. Immunization is used by many today, because it assists people from catching diseases and infections. Immunization mat-ters today, because now-a-days people are coming up with more effective ways to make or society’s health cleaner and safer. On the other hand, there are more diseases that used to be rare become more scattered and spread over the world. Immunization has taken a big impact on society. Locally, immunization has improved people lives. Back in the day be-fore people discovered many cures, people got sick, and many died. Now in the present, many ways of immunization have been dis-covered.

It matters majorly because if immuni-zation was not discovered there would be a lot of issues. Globally, immunizations have really made people lives easier. For example, before you go out to another country, a local physician will give you a document of immu-nizations you should get before going out to the other country.

The future outlook of immunization is getting larger and better. Immunization is go-ing to help people for many years. People of today are going to find more cures for current and new upcoming diseases for the future. One day there is going to be a cure for every disease there is. There’s going to be more people in the profession improving this inno-vation. People are going to find easier ways to help people. In the future, there’s going to be a cure to prevent any type of disease and infection there is. To overlook it all, the innovation, immuniza-tion has changed a lot over time. Immuniza-tion back then was rare and not discovered, but now there  are many cures for diseases and infections. Immunization has made big

impacts on people locally and globally. Ilustración encima es tipo de vacuna

38

Están encontrando caminos a tienen más éxito con in-munización. Están apren-diendo mas caminos mejo-rar inmunización.

La vacuna para varicela tiene mucho ventajas. La inmuniza-

ción de varíela tiene mucho éxi-to.

La ventajas de inmunización se están creando más

El invención de Gardisil origina en 2006. Gardisil empezando a tiene mucho ventajas a chicas. .

El propósito de inmuniza-ción es a hace

39

Thomas Savery was an English Military engineer who invented the steam engine in 1698. Thomas Newcome was an English blacksmith who invented the atmospheric steam engine, and upgrade of Thomas Slavery s previous design. James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, he was quite famous for his improvements of the steam engine. All of these men made the stea

Thomas Slavery would be the inventor, and what James and Newcome would be innovators to the steam engine. To innovate means to make something better, or upgrade. My prospective of innovating was kind of strict. I had more respect for the people that invented it than for the people that made it better. After my research I realize now that t

The steam engine leads up to different events, without the steam engine our world would be really different. After the Steam Engine was built, it didn t take long for it to take part in transportation. Over all you would say the Steam engine really had an active role on spreading fast. It can be used for different things. Weather its transporting things from one area to another or, people. It is a spectacular invention and thanks to the innovators, we can also so innovation.

By Karley Dennis

40

A el lado: motor de vapor en el 1800s Debajo de:: el Locomotora esa hacer crear be el Motor de Vapor en hoy tiempo.

By: Alyssa Ringswald

Unbelievable transportation, instead of the dusty roads and smelly rides you have comfort and luxury. These luxury and comfort transporta-tions were known as trains or locomo-tives. The locomotive created many angry mobs and hateful people. These people either lost a loved one, or lost their job(s) followed with an-gry mobs on streets, by buildings and behind gates. They didn’t care about how much money these machines brought in, all they knew was they wanted them gone. These machines were taking their jobs, their loved ones, people did not appreciate that this was happening to their communi-ties! They didn’t know what to do but protest, but it didn’t work the steam engines stayed and the machines did as well. The business owners were happy all day long because of how much money they were raking in each day. Thanks to the steam engine, the jobs could be done faster and not as many people had to be paid or hired.

These Steam Engines were part of The Industrial Revolution. In the early and mid 1800s, it was the time where there were

many machines being invented and many new creations happening. There was faster trans-portation, and products being made at quicker rates. This was a good thing to most people, espe-cially with people were in global trade. Most people today would say that the inventor of the ma-chine was James Watt which is only one inventor. There were many inventors that helped devel-oped it, but James Watt was the one to improve it and put it out there to the world.

It affected society for only awhile, but then it began to grow on peo-ple. At first people did not like the Steam Engine because it was tak-ing a lot of peoples jobs. Then later they began to like it because it produced things faster and bet-ter quality things. They enjoyed it, and they especially enjoyed get-ting to places faster. One of the inventions to grow from the steam engine was the locomotive. This got people, to places in a few days or a week instead of a couple of months.

They could transport things faster and get bigger loads across the country through locomotive routes. They used trains, and horse and buggies. We use cars, trains, air transportation, and horse and buggy today. The Steam Engine had a great effect on society. Without it lots of the machines that we have today would not be here and things would take forever to make and trans-port. Things were very different and the technology to make the Steam Engine is that you need to boil water until it starts steaming and it makes a hot steam rise. This is a way that they got the steam engine to start steaming. There was a lot of science as well to the invention of the steam engine; people had to do calcula-tions and chemistry to get the steam to be just right. The steam engine had to be looked over many times before there was an actual usable steam engine. The steam engine went through many scien-tific checks before being put to use. Bellis, Mary. Outline of railroad history. May 2006. 23 April 2010 <http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrailroad.htm>. Bolon, Kendra. The steam Engine. Spring 2001. 23 April 2010 <http://campus.udayton.edu/~hume/Steam/steam.htm>. multiple. James Watt Quotes. 1999-2010. 27 April 2010 <http://thinkexist.com/quotes/james_watt/>.

1698 El Primero motor de vapor esta hecho por Thomas Sa-very. Newcomen crea motor de vapor. James Watt empeza re-modelar lo a pocos ano poste-rior.

1700s La Revolucion In-dustrial empezan en Great Britain. Esto es cuando nueva tecnologia hacen a extender, especialmente Mo-tor de Vapor. 

1750 - 1800 Puede condu-cir mecanismo hacer inventor y hacer exigir. Este acusado co-menza la fac-toria moder- 1785

James Watt hace el inventor el Motor de Va-por. El tiene buen rendimento y un uso sin combustible. El hace uno que no tiene errores.

1807 Robert Fulton inventa el pri-mero trunfar en la vida va-porbarca. De-ntro de pocos anos ellos tienen empleo en Britanico 1830s

El loco-motor crea un camino transpor-te a un lugar mas ra-pido y pesa me-nos lejos que antes.

1900s En el siglo XIX motor de va-por poden conducir. La industria del petroleo vas en agua. En utilizacion vapor a ta-ladro prac-ticar y jalar pe-troleo des-de el moler. Esto hacer muy importante para com-bustible. 

Quiz Time: 1. Who was James Watt? A. A poor man B. The man that invented the steam engine. C. The man that invented the steam boat. D. A congress man 2. When was the steam engine invented? A. 1785 B. 1900s C. 1800s D. 1768 3. What was one thing made from the steam engine? A. buildings B. buggy C. locomotive D. railroads Answers:

3-C, 2-B, 1-A

“A lie can run around the world before the truth can get its boots on.” -James Watt

James Watt

El Motor de Vapor Crear el locomotora.

Time line:

Había una de mejorar el motor de vapor

Charles Algernon Par-sons esta patentiendo una turbina de vapor, cual pode una barco

Hecho en el futuro motívate puede cubrir El conversion sistema de el oceano.

El equipo inspiración del Brithish Steam Car Chal-lenge esta poniendo El largo documento para un vehículo de vapor realizer un Stanley Steamer en 1906, esta creando un nuevo velocidad batir en 139.843 mph

Late 1800’s

1897

1931

2009 Hoy vapor motor es la edad de la herramienta maquina, por el Vapor mo-tor esta haciendo her-ramienta para otras her-ramientas.

today

Ahora Los esta-dos Unidos usan 'el tren Amtrack.

La Foto esta en-senando motor antiguo de vapor a hoy el motor de

Choo Choo, That’s a familiar sound. That sound was created from an Englishman Thomas Newcomen's atmos-pheric engine, of 1712. The en-gine which was created from a system of pumping water up to now trains and the popular busi-ness that comes to homes and cleans your carpet from pet hair and dirty stains. Steam power, started in England and then spread to the rest of the world. Cities became more populated because jobs in the factories were given out for more support and to keep the businesses keep operating. Working in the facto-ries was more reliable than working on the farm due to that crops depend on the weather and if the weather becomes hor-rible then the crops will fail and your job depended on it.

By the early 1800's there were hundreds of steam powered ma-chines in the factories. Steam ran the machines in textile mills. Facto-ries could be built near natural resources. Factories started to group different steam engines that were made to be used in small mills and stores so they can be found not only in huge factories. Major changes in the steam engine happened from a Scottish man, James watt. The positive improvements he made into the steam engine had people hav-ing a positive feeling. The final steam locomotive is built in 1960 by British Railways "Evening Star" The impact on people was astonished with joy.

But soon a big change in the 21th century occurred new high speed trains called Amtrak were introduced. The Amtrak’s are run by electricity instead of the famous steam engine. The new 21st century high speed train operates passenger service 21,000 miles of track con-necting 500 destinations in 46 states. When students hear the word steam engine they think of the train or the Stanley steamer or just old machines in the 1800’s. The students don’t know that the most of our machines and transportation is here from the idea of the steam engine. Now when you and ask your local Stanley steamers to come and help out or if you go on a ride on the Amtrak, just remember how the steam engine made such an impact that will last forever.

Pictures: Pamela E. Mack “Inovations” Web. 21 July 2007. 28 April 2010.

By Sarah Beyer

43

Electricity has been around forever but not until about 300 years ago have we been able to utilize its power. Some religions excused lightening as being a way that God disciplined his servants on Earth. Oth-ers believed that the lightening was brought upon humans by the Devil or even witches. Churches believed that only certain practices were the only way to protect the church from lightening strikes, such as ringing church bells or reciting prayers. Af-ter Franklin’s experiment, the churches resorted to using lightening rods placed on the rooftops of the building right next to the holy cross . Electricity is the most commonly used sources of energy in the world. It enables us to live in our culture today, such as using it to power light bulbs. Now most people think that the light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison, one of the most famous inventors in the world. But it was actually made by Humphrey Davy in 1809 but was not very practical. Thomas Edison only perfected the light bulb and had it patented in 1880.

One way that we get a lot of our electricity is by batteries. Batteries are believed to have been around as early as 200 BC. Because they have been around so long, they

are one of those inventions that weren’t created by one person alone, but was only improved upon throughout a numbers years. But the battery that we use today was made around the eighteenth and nine-teenth centuries by Benjamin Franklin, one of the most commonly talked about names when referring to electricity.

Electricity is commonly referred to as being invented. The thing is, it wasn’t. It is a naturally oc-curring phenomena and sparked the interest of many people like Benjamin Franklin. Franklin had one of the greatest thinking minds of his time and believed he could harness the energy produced by thunder clouds. When he sent that kite into the sky with a metal key on it, I don’t think he was shocked as to what happened, but others were. Franklin didn’t have a lot of support-ers but that is what made him want to prove them wrong even more.

So without one of the our founding fathers and one of the greatest inventers of all time, modern day life wouldn’t be possible or there wouldn’t even be modern life. So next time you turn on a light switch or use your phone, think about why you are able to do those things.

Castleden, Rodney. “Inventions That Changed The World”. Chartwell Books, INC. 2007 Gallagher, By Ethan. "How Did Thomas Edison's Light Bulb Work? | EHow.com." EHow. Web. 23 Apr. 2010. <http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4914923_thomas-edisons-light-bulb-work.html>. "The History of Electricity – A Timeline." History and Vintage Films. Web. 23 Apr. 2010. <http://www.thehistoricalarchive.com/happenings/the-history-of-electricity-a-timeline/>.

Benjamin Franklin probó la electricidad estática y relámpagos son los mismos. Humphrey Davey inventó

la primer “lámpara de arco”.

El primer motor eléctrico fue inventado por Michael Faraday.

1752 1800 1808 1820 1821

La relación entre la electricidad y el magnetismo fue confirmada por dos experimentos diferentes.

La primera batería eléctrica fue inventada por Alessandro Volta.

By Kole Smith

By: Arielle Sizemore

What, who, when, and where?. What is electricity, who invented electric-ity, and when was electricity invented? Electricity was formed lightning that struck an iron rod, but who was brilliant enough to do this? Thomas Edison, in fact there were more people such as scientist that were involved for example William Gil-bert, Francis Hauksbee, Benjamin Franklin, and Ebenezer Kinnersley. When did all of this happen? Electricity was invented in the year of 1600s. When electricity was in-vented, did it affect society in a negative way or a positive way?

As of today we have no idea how we would survive without electricity being in our lives, but when electricity took its first introduction into the world people say the electric power as a novelty and a luxury. It was seen on the streets, in factories, shops, and the houses of the richer long before it reached anyone else. Electricity was always not welcomed, some people were terrified of it and people saw it as a dangerous thing to get involved with if you were anywhere around it. In the early years, a few years after electricity came out people didn’t know how to look at it, but as the years went by people started to adapt to it.

How did electricity disperse? In the year of 1880, Thomas Edison formed the company Edison Electric Illuminating Company to build electric generating plants in New York City. The first central power plant-Pearl Street Station in lower Manhattan-began generating electricity on September 4th, 1882. Then shortly after, Thomas Edi-son created another company to build/produce and sell electric power to towns and cities throughout the entire United States! Then once this company took off, the electric power industry began to take form. In the late 1800s, for a certain date 1890, electric utilities began to develop in urban areas. Regulation spread to two-thirds of the state by 1920. Then by the end of 1920, most urban and rural areas were electrified due to the spread of electricity. But why does this matter? If we never would have had electricity, we would have never known what a light bulb is. Brining electricity to us matters because without it we couldn’t do half the home, school, or any work related everyday life items. Such as computers at New Tech, Televisions is restaurants, and light bulbs in every room of every house on a modern street.

Otto invented a bold machine that produced static electricity in 1660. In the year of 1675, Rober Boyle discovered that electric force could be transmitted through a vacuum and discovered and repulsion. By the year of 1752, the man we have all heard of Benjamin Franklin, he invented the lightning rod—demonstrated that lightning was electricity. A few years go by and the year of the 1800s comes, that is when the very first electric battery was invented by Alessandro Volta. The next great invention happened in the 1800s as well; the invention of the Stem Turbine was created and set out by a man named Charles Parsons.

Electricity had many great impacts on many different everyday life items; such as, science and technology. Electricity powers everyday technology for example, com-puters, cellular devices, and motor vehicles. Electricity powers these items so quick and easy. For instance the computer, it is pow-ered by electricity that starts at the plug in to the wall then shortly after the particles transform in order for the computer to start up. Next, cellular devices; we all use them. How does the cellular device work? It’s simple, cellular devices die frequently and when they do, what would someone do?

1800- Es cuándo una bacteria elétrica está inventado por Alessandro Volta. El própsito de esta invencíon este a tiene portátil el articulo tal como la linterna y la cinta jugador. Esto es la parté de la invencíon de a motor vehículo eléctrico.

1821-Un motor es por Michael Faraday, él quiere a encrontrar esta experimentación. La ventaja de esta experimentación está perimi-tiendo el acceso agradable y fácil en el trans-porte. Esta invencíon es el siguiente nuevo transporte vehículo

1879- Debido a el electricidad, el poder de la estación es descubierto en San Francisco. El poder de la estacion está creando el poder para toda la centro y la luz en la calle. La voluntad está premitiendo a la gente a ver en la noche.

1884-La Función de la turbina de vapor inven-ción está creado por el inventor Charles Parsons. La invención está tomando mucha investigación a la formula difícil. Es un éxito fácil.

1913-La électricdad es implicado con mucho cosa la vida cotidiana. La nevera eléctrica tiene éxito en el uso de la casa también. La nevera es creado por la ciencia y empieza en el ano 1913.

consumerenergyreport.com sciencemuseum.org.uk

La invención de la electridad está dando la luz en las calles locales del centro.

La tecnología da el inventor Charles Parsons la capacidad a descubrir su experimentación la turbina vapor.

44

45

"Energy and Society". Science Museum. April 14 2010 <http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/energyhall/page170.asp>. "History of the Light Bulb". eChandelier. April 12 2010

<http://www.echandelier.com/history-of-the-light-bulb.html>. "Light Bulb Facts.". Basing Stoke and Dean. April 13 2010

<http://www.basingstoke.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/lightbulb/facts.htm>. "The Value of Electricity". Edison Electric Institute. April 20 2010 <http://

www.getenergyactive.org/value/edison.htm>.

"Who invented electricity?". T&D Engineering Magazine. April 14 2010 <http://www.electricityforum.com/who-invented-

electricity.html>.

We plug our charger in to the wall and automatically we see that our cellular device is now charging back up so it will work for the next day or so. Then finally for the greatest that affected the way man-kind got around, the motor vehicle. Electricity powers the battery which then starts the car, the pedals are connected to the body of the car which means which every pedal or whichever way you move your steering wheel the vehicle well maneuvers easily. Electricity powers the way we live every day. Meaning the light bulb, the light bulb falls under the impact on science. Electricity and science helped man kind to flip the light switch on and off, but how does this work? It always depends on how the light switch is set up, but the common is up it on and down is off. When you flick the light switch up, this powers the light bulb by the electric iron rods inside of your house. It’s just like the inventions of electricity all over again. Many things can change in the world, but as for electric-ity it stays the same. Electricity was created and they was it was created will never change. There cannot be another way to create electricity without it going back to what Benjamin Franklin did. The way electricity was created never changed and will never change, just the way mankind use electricity will change and improve more and more over the following years. As I stated before, everything can change in the world but as for electricity is stays continuity. As you see the improvement of electricity before mankind very eyes, be prepared to blind by electricity that is lightning the world!

With electricity we are wired into

a new world, for electricity

brought the radio, a crystal set

and with enough ingenuity, one

could tickle the crystal with a

cats whisker and pick up

anything.

~Theodore H.

Do you remember, test it out! 1. In what year did the first motor come

out? Answer: 1821

2. When electricity first came out, how did people look at it? Answer: Most people saw electricity as a dangerous thing to be involved with.

3. What all can electricity power? Answer: Computers, refrigerators, and cellular devices.

4. True or False, There were was only one scientist involved with the invention of the light bulb. Answer: False.

5. True or False, electricity spread by Thomas Edison opening up a company which involved using and selling electricity. Answer: True.

6. Did electricity affect society in a negative or a positive way? Answer: Positive more then negative.

7. What event took place in 1879? Answer: The first power station opened in San Francisco.

8. From the passage that you just read, define electricity in your own words. 9. Along with question 8, what do you use for electricity? 10. What did electricity come from? Answer: Lighting that struck a iron rod.

By: Aye Aye

Are you aware that we are sur-rounded by electricity? Imagine people back in the early 1700’s, what did they use for light? Can you imagine us sit-ting in the dark with nothing but a stick of wax and topped with a dim flame? These are questions we never thought about asking ourselves. Before electricity was even invented, people had to use candles for light. People back then relied on candles and flames to light up their world, now in today’s day we use the gift that scientist’s brought us to light up this world.

Benjamin Franklin had a theory that lightning contains electricity. Was it true? In fact, he had experimented with that theory and changed the way of living. In 1752, he demonstrated his theory by using a kite, a key, and light-ning. Benjamin Franklin wasn’t the only one who created electricity or ex-perimented with it. There are many scientists that were involved in elec-tricity. Thomas Edison, James Watt, Alessandro Volta, and many more.

Thomas Edison created many unique inventions. He changed the way we live by invented the first in-candescent light bulb. If Thomas Edison never set his mind to electric-ity, we’ll probably still be sitting in

the dark with candles. He wanted to figure out a way to conduct electricity into some-thing useful that the world can use.

Alessandro Volta in-vented the battery. If he never invented the battery, what’s going to power up Thomas Edison and Benjamin Frank-lin’s inventions? Have you ever thought of that? Alessan-dro Volta didn’t invent the battery by himself; it took some other scientist too. He also received a patent for the battery in 1800.

Electricity has impacted the way we live. Where would we be without electricity? Electricity is eve-rywhere within each step we take. Are we aware of that? In fact, people don’t even have that thought in their minds. Electricity has spread from nation-wide, and it changed the way we live. Before the early 1700’s, Benjamin Franklin probably had that theory in his mind until, he found a way to test it. He wanted to find a way to convert electricity into something useful.

La más alta tech-nología voltaje trans-misíon línea 60 kilo-voltio

La primera línea eléctrica em-piezar en los Estados Unidos y Canadá.

El primero viento eléctrico turbina con-strue en Francia.

El exprimento CFL bombilla es la primera invención por Edward Hammer.

1900

1901 1911

Late 1970’s 2000

La primera estación de ola, LIMPET en Esco-cia crea la electricidad.

Works Cited Kanellos, Micheal. "Father of the Compact Fluorescent Bulb

Looks Back - CNET

News."Technology News - CNET News. Cnet News, 16

Aug. 2007. Web. 21 Apr. 2010. \

<http://news.cnet.com/Father-of-the-compact-fluorescent

-bulb-looks-back/2100-

11392_3-6202996.html>.

Electricity wasn’t just an experiment, it was a process. Electricity took awhile to develop, and it is still improving every single day. Scientist’s are still finding a solution for electricity to become efficient. People back then relied on candles and flames to light up their world, now in today’s day we use the gift that scientist’s brought us to light up this world. If electricity was never invented then we would be relying on candles for light. Today we don’t even think about electricity or how it got into our world.

Presente Días Electricidad

Ring…Ring…Ring. Hello...Oh hey there how are you? Come on in and sit down. “I tried calling you before I came over but nobody answered the Tele-phone. “ I’m sorry I was sleep-ing.” Matter fact have you ever heard how the telephone was invented, who invented it, where it was invented, when it was invented. Well let me tell you. It all started on March 3, 1847 when Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland. As he’s growing up he begins to learn about electricity and how it works. He begins to notice the difficulty within making electricity and how to get it. See wind gets processed through turbines to some kind of generator which then pro-duces electricity. Then 1872 took place when Alexander built a school for deaf students and for them to learn the dif-ferent communications of talk-ing and use of technology.

See the deaf students got to learn how to communicate with each other by sign language, technol-ogy, and their actions. But see it was hard for those students who were deaf to learn as quickly as we can. It took them a while be-cause the didn’t know how to say it or know what those differ-ent things mean. 2 years later he experimented the Phonauto-

graph. A Phonautograph was the earliest known inven-tion of a sound transcription device. It was invented by Frenchman Édouard-Léon. Eve-rything he learned within the phonautograph he created the telephone 2 years later in 1876.

Alexander Graham Bell’s Quote: "Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do so you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the results of thought."

The telephone is electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be transmitted over distances and then converts received signals back. August 3, 1876 Alexander Graham Bell received a long distance message from Bran-tord, which lied 4 miles away from Canada. Bell’s telephone Company was built on July 9, 1877 by Alexander Graham Bell’s father-in-law Gardiner Greene Hubbard. Till this day the telephone company is still up and running. Alexander Bell’s famous technology device Is used all over the world. August 2, 1922 Alexander died from Pernicious Anemia. “The End.” See wasn’t that worth reading. Imagine if the telephone wasn’t invented? Life would be a lot harder, because that’s when bills, family members, Work, etc. comes in. Without that imagine we would be driven eve-rywhere to get things done. They funny thing is if we didn’t have the telephone

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for communication we would be using the can phone with strings. So I hope you learned something from this discussion. Author: Makaylee Loftis

49

By: Natalie Alter

Can you live without your cell phone? Most of the world could not. How do you think the tele-phone was viewed before the cell phone? The tele-phone has changed greatly throughout the years and we are always presented with a newer version. People back then viewed the telephone in a differ-ent way than we do now. People today aren’t as amazed with the phone because they have been around our whole life. Back then, the telephone was a huge deal because the only way to communi-cate to other areas before the telephone was through letters or the printing press.

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The telephone was created as a way of com-munication throughout the world. When it was first invented, the signal could only travel a short dis-tance. Later on though, it was able to go long dis-tance and could send a signal around the world. The telephone was invented shortly after the tele-graph and both were used for long distance com-munication. The telephone was used to talk to peo-ple, as where the telegraph was only messages. Bell had to deal with many arguments about the telephone because of the existing invention of the telegraph. The telephone was a quick way to easily communicate with someone across the world in-stead of having to wait days or weeks for a letter to

arrive.

The invention of the telephone be-came a hit right off the bat. By the early 1900s nearly everyone in the U.S. had a telephone. Most people loved the new way of communication. This made it quicker for people to talk to their friends and family that were in another part of the world. They thought it could bring the world closer to-gether and help world peace. It would help every-one around the world to communicate easily with each other and increase the contact between people in other countries. It would also open up job oppor-tunities such as phone operators.

http://www.telephonymuseum.com/images/web102.jpg

←J.J. Carty experimenta el francés diseño en 1907. La forma de comunicación no es éxito hasta 1900.

↑Uno de los primeros teléfonos crean por Alexandar Graham Bell.

http://darkcoast.files.wordpress.com/2008/ 11/old-telephone.jpg

With the positive impacts, there were also negative ones. The telephone lines were not private. Anyone could listen into your phone calls whenever they pleased. The telephone was not as advanced today and need phone operators to direct the calls and these phone operators could hear the whole conversation. Many com-plained about the privacy issue and were working on ways to improve it. Many people even went to local businesses to make their calls, but even then they were not private. Also, the telephone was taking business away for the postal service.

The telephone was one of the greatest in-ventions for communication and spread globally within no time. Without the telephone things would be way different and everything would not have grown as it has today. Everyone relies on the use of the telephone every day. Businesses would not be as successful without it. People would not be able to talk to their friends and fam-ily as often as they would like. We would have to rely on letters that could take days to receive. We would be lost without the use of telephones.

Works Cited

Schoelles, Leah. “Telecommunication Timeline.”

21 April 2010 <http://www.schoelles.com/

Telephone/teltimeline.htm>.

“1870s- 1940s- Telephone.” Elon University. 22

April 2010 <http://www.elon.edu/e-web/ pre-

dictions/150/1870.xhtml>.

Más gente en los Esta-dos Unidos tenen la invención del teléfono por Alexan-der Graham Bell. La forma fácil de comuni-cación es un éxito.

Lars Erics-son experi-menta la tecnología con u n telé-fono en el coche con cables eléc-tricos. El propósito es un móvil teléphone.

Investigar en el eléc-trico telé-fono empie-za. El pri-mer teléfo-no móvil sigue. La gente des-cubre las ventajas y las desven-tajas.

Ellos crean una mane-ra a co-brar por minuto.

La sistema conmuta-ción electróni-ca está compo-niendo.

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950

http://famzine.com/blog/images/iPhone%20OS%20Interfaz.png

51

An amazing inven-

tion - but who would ever

want to use one?"-

Rutherford B. Hayes quotes.

A telephone is a way to com-

municate with another per-

son through voice and elec-

trical waves. Why the use of

telephones? Around Modern

times, people decided that

they needed a way to keep in

touch with their loved ones,

family, and friends, so they

decided it was time for a

change. Alexander Graham

Bell, born in Edinburgh,

Scotland, invented the amaz-

ing tool we use today, the

telephone, in 1876.

Are you addicted to

your cell phone? Did you

know that 9 out of 10 people

use their cell phone each

day? Some can’t live without

their phones. Have you ever

wondered how life would be

different if Bell hadn’t in-

vented this unique inven-

tion? The invention, the tele-

phone, has come along way.

It started out as a phone used

mainly for communication,

but in today’s world, a tele-

phone, also known as a cell

phone, is used for its fea-

tures. Some features that are

included are the web, text

messaging, GPS, Caller ID,

ringtones, and other popular

features. A cell phone in to-

day’s world is a human’s

best friend.

Back in the Modern

Times, people communi-

cated by smoke signals, mir-

rors, jungle drums, carrier

pigeons, and semaphores,

but here now today, we use

what we call a cell phone. A

cell phone now-a-days can

go long ways. With that be-

ing said, you can make long

distant calls from miles and

miles a-ways. In the late

1970s, the rotary telephone

was replaced by the keypad

model, which was called the

Touchfone 10, which also

made dialing much quicker.

During the year of 1980s,

answering machines became

popular. Today’s models of

phones are the total opposite

of early models. To add on,

today’s models are much

thinner and weigh

less, on the other hand, early

day models were heavier and

weighed more than a half of

a kilogram.

Is a cell phone harm-

ful to health? No one actu-

ally knows if a cell phone is

actually harmful or not.

Some believe that a cell

phone can cause brain tu-

mors. The handsets of a cell

phone have electrogametic

waves involved with them,

which affects the brain.

Did you know that

cell phones in today’s world

are selling faster than

DVD’s, VCR’s, and any

other electronic device?

Telephone booths are almost

completely gone out this

world, due to the updating

on technology con-

tinually growing constantly.

Telephones back then were

mainly used for keeping in

touch with one another, but

today, they are used as if

they are a computer. People

are “hooked” on cell phones

so much, to the point that it’s

causing rapid deaths in eve-

ryday life. Do you know

how dangerous a cell phone

is? Now-a-days, people drive

and text, it uses to be where

they would talk and drive.

Texting and driving has be-

come a habit to many in the

society world today.

What does the future

look like? A cell phone may

last for many many years

now. With the ability to do

as much as you can with a

computer, a cell

phone may outrun a com-

puter, but on the other hand,

a computer may be still

available due to the recent

updates done in technology

for that purpose.

The invention of a

telephone has grown so

much in the outside world.

Telephones back in Modern

Times, were older models

like; crank phones, dial

phones, but today there are

phones like; touch screen,

flip phones, and slide

phones. The impact of the

telephone has been better in

people’s lives locally. Glob-

ally, you can call across seas

without waiting on an opera-

tor to assist you. With that

being said, you can keep in

Wiliam. “Communications

1970s - 1990s”.

Skwirk.com.au Interactive

Schooling. 2010.

Skwirk.com. 23

April. <http://

www.skwirk.com.au/

p-c_s-14_u-189_t-

505_c-1868/

communications-

1970s-1990s/nsw/

communications-

1970s-1990s/

australia-s-social-and

-cultural-history-in-

the-post-war-period/

the-impact-of-

changing-technology

-on-everyday-life>.

Primero portatil Tecnologia telefono cellular llamada son hecho por Martin Cooper Cooper usado el telefono cellular hecho por un exito

compania nombre Motorola Una Desventaja de el portatil telefono es que tu no

puede poner lo en su bolsillo (1973)

“Bolsillo” celular telefono es present son Motorola dando nosotros mas ventajas Bolsillo cellular telefonos son popular en a dia de hoy mundo para

comunicacion El proposito de un bolsillo telefono cellular es para poder llevar lo

dondequiera, pensar , nosotros no fueron no puede hacer esto en el el empezando(1989)

Identificador de llamas implementar a escala nacional Identificador de llamas identifica el llamador en el

telefonos y telefonos celulares Identificador de llamados hace lo facil a ver quien

llamadas usted.(1995) )

Siguiente hasta en ciencia, Bluetooth hecho por present Personas son creando mas mejorando bluetooth s para tele-

fonos Creando el bluetooth se ha convertido mas avanzado encima

tiempo(1998)

(2000)El telefono web hecho por present La funcion de el telefono web dispositivo combina el tele-

fono con el LCD pantalla tacil Descubrir usted lata tambien usar internet, consulter el

correo electronic y hacer telefono llamadas con el telefono web

El I-Phone hecho por present Empezar el II-Phone es internet basado, multimedia telefono

inteligente conun vital telado numeric y telcado es enorme El I-Phone mayo ser dificil usar, pero todavia oaprendendo so-

bre el I-Phone es interesante(2007)

By Corlonda Patterson

By Kinysha Jones

In 1894, jazz music was the popular music out. It all stated in New Or-leans when they had blues, ragtime and the native brass-band fanfares. At first people thought that jazz mu-sic wasn’t going to be really popu-lar. When more people stated to play the blues and tell their story in their songs then more people started to started to listen more. Afterwards, the brass- bands was in progress and played at festivals, special events so that’s how blues started to get around the world. However, Jazz music was intimately the product of New Orleans and a melting pot of music.

Jelly Roll Morton Jelly Roll Morton was the first per-son who invented jazz music at the time. When he was a little boy, he played the piano a lot and that’s how he got started singing and writ-ing jazz music. So he started to sing in his house hold but then he started to go out in public and sing his mu-sic at bars as he got older. So people can hear him out, now he didn’t want to sing the blues because it was all about emotions and singing about how bad there life was about. Jelly Roll Morton made a lot person. Jelly Roll Morton mostly sung danc-ing songs like swing and ragtime music, that’s what they liked back in the day.

Jazz Meets Hip Hop Jazz music and Hip Hop music started to flirt with each other. Jazz artist helped plant one of the impor-tant seeds for hip hop music. And the 1980s hip hop returned the fa-vor. Hip hop artist really respected the jazz music catalogue and in the 1990s the popular hip hop acts took little samples to the top of the charts. The meaning of “Jazz” is the music must Swing; Latin, world, Funk, R&B, Jazz and Hip Hop free styling and DJing repre-sent and jazz much of exchange between musician improved. Hip Hop began to emerge in the late 1960s just as jazz was undergoing another transformation.

Why was Jazz music started? Well jazz music was born in New Orleans and it took place over dec-ades. Jazz music came from Afri-can slaves and they bought it to the United States in the 1800s. African music is all kinds of music even Rock and Roll music. Ragtime mu-sic originated after the emancipa-tion of African slaves. Some slaves supported themselves by musical performances at special locations and if you were a freed slave then you had a few opportunities for jobs. Jazz music was not necessar-ily because it originated and be-cause its musicians had added a distinct flavor to jazz music.

(1)King, Kwa. “Harlem Renaissance: The Jazz Age.” 20 Mar.2007. http://asms.k12.ar.us/classes/humanities/amstud/97-98/jazz/YOURPA2.HTM. 20 Apr.2010. (2) Lees, Graham. “All About Jazz History.”17 Mar.2006. http://musicandyou.com/musichistory.htm 3) DowDell, D.C. “A Passion for Blues.” 1998-2010. http://www.apassion4jazz.net./

Jazz and Hip Hop musica got junto in las 1800s.

In 1880, las el arte de jazz musica was seguir por Mexicano.

55

56

Louis Armstrong comienza

juego la trumpeta en raro

tiene de doce año. Él puede

juego major que un el prome-

dio hombre. Él pronto está

descubriendo por Peter Davis

quién toma letrero en Arm-

strong’s talent. Ellos están

considerado uno de major los

músico a juega la trumpeta.

Muchos tip de la música

comienza a origina. Este

gráfico exponiendo cada la

categoría. la investigación

fue usado a experimento y

porcentaje de Jazz.

Hago yo sé qué

Jazz be? Sale, Jazz be la

música esa origina en Afri-

cano comunidad en la 20th

siglo. Jazz unido los gente

barquero , carrera , zona, y

nación límite. Poderoso de-

claración más libertad, crea-

tividad, y Americano identi-

dad en la casa y a boardo

de. The innovation of Jazz

music came around about

the 1890’s. This innovation

happened to bring African

Americans and other races

closer together. Jazz af-

fected people originally

because Jazz had occurred

around the time of the Pro-

hibition in the U.S. The

Creoles were proud of the

knowledge they had of the

Western European music

and they had classified them

as upper classmen. Segre-

gation laws began in New

Orleans. Jazz and Western

European music began a

war against each other

which lead to the Europeans

and the Creoles to battle.

The Jazz Age had began to

start.. Jazz had become

fully effective around 1920.

By 1940, many types of

Jazz were starting to be

invented. Jazz inspired crea-

tivity in music. During the

Jazz Age the older genera-

tion began to feel threatened

because the younger genera-

tions were giving up their

morals. There were many

artists such as Ella Fitzger-

ald, Duke Ellington, and

Artie Shaw that had entered

the music business. Diffu-

sion occurred because Afri-

can Americans were not the

only people to play Jazz.

The Jazz Age had brought

people closer together over

the years

because most people had

enjoyed the sound of Jazz. Jazz

music separated people because

each individual had their own opin-

ions about Jazz and how it was

influencing America. During the

Jazz Age, continuity was being

displayed everywhere. Continuity

is an uninterrupted connection or

union ..During the Jazz Age, segre-

gation was occurring during this

time. When African American

musicians performed they had to

walk through the back doors of

White territories. This didn’t stop

them from performing or discon-

tinuing playing Jazz music. Diffu-

sion occurred because of Prohibi-

tion. Prohibition had led to the

manufacturing and selling of alco-

hol beverages in the US.

By Te’iana Brooks

1933

2010

<http://www.iowastatedaily.com/articles/2002/03/14/pulse/20020314-

archive2.txt>.

“A Passion for Jazz”. 14 April

2010<http:www.apassion4jazz.net/>.

LaGrange, Alana. “All About Jazz His-

tory”. 21 April

2010.<http:www.musicandyou.commusich

story.htm>.

McCullough, Danielle, Koebler, Chris-

tina.”Welcome to the Roaring 20’s and the

Jazz Age”. 22 April 2010.

Scaruffi, Piero. “A History of Jazz Music”.

21 April 2010.

http://www.scaruffi.com/history

jazz1.html.

Tyle, Chris. “Jazz History in Standard

Time”. 14 April 2010

<http://www.jazzstandards.com/history/history-3.htm>. Webb, Randy. “Influence of Jazz evident

throughout music history”. Iowa State

Daily 16April

By: Teiana Brooks

Jazz marca un enorme avan-zar en la música indus-tria. Ellos encuentran la tec-nología los artistas crean la música.

Gennett Records son lo-calizados en Richmond, Indiana. Ellos están em-pezando grabación en

1922.

Los Reyes Oliver’s Creole Jazz grupo son el primero grupo que está grabando con Louis Armstrong. Louis Armstrong tiene muchos seguidors.

Theodore Roosevelt se convierten los presidente de los Estados Unidos en 1933. Los Estados Unidos comienza a tener muchas desventajas.

“Swing Era época es invento. “Swing Era es cuándo el grupo se balancea la música es más popular en los Estados Unidos.

 

When  you  look  at  music  would  you think  it  is a  religion? History has shown  that some people think it is.  They have no gods or anything  but  they  do  have  a  bible.  Some  of the greats in this so called “religion” are Louis Armstrong, Scoot Joplin, or Miles Davis.  If you still  don’t  know  I  am  referring  to  jazz.  This wonderful art has a major  influence on many different people, countries, and nations.   

   Jazz  has  been  influential  for  many years,  in  fact  all  the way  from  the  18th  cen-tury. From ragtime and blues to more recent free bop all  this has happened with great  in-novation.   Without Jazz a  lot of music would not be around such as R&B and hip hop.   Jazz has had a major effect on the world but what some people are wondering what’s going on today? Well there are many things that Jazz is involved in such as Jazz festivals.       There  are  many  different  Jazz  festi-vals  every  year.  These  are  usually  for  chari-ties  or  just  entertainment  and  they make  a lot of money every time they have one.    For an example on September 26, over $800 was raised for the women at Total  Impact House from  a  tent  at  the  Hyde  Park  Jazz  Festival.  

Jazz  also  helps  many  countries  with tourist and increasing population by these fes-tivals.      A  survey  conducted  by  the  Jamaica Tourist Board  indicated that 25 per cent tour-ists, who attended the 2005 show, were visit-ing  Jamaica  for  the  first  time,  while  75  per cent were repeat visitors. The survey showed that 43 per cent of visitors came to  Jamaica only for the festival. In addition, 55 per cent of non-Jamaicans  attending  the  festival  were from  the  United  States,  22  per  cent  were from  the  United  Kingdom,  13  percent  from Canada and  10 per cent from other countries.  This data shows the growth process that Ja-maica had just from Jazz it’s self.  

 

Jazz venir en muchos personalidades y colorears

Jazz  is  an  art  form  unique  to  the  modern world. Jazz  isn’t about  just making an object of art like a painting or a sculpture. Jazz is actually a social process  that  results  in  the  rapid  creation  of  new ideas  and  innovative  to  musical  interaction.  The members of the high performance team called the jazz ensemble is known for their specific set of dif-ferent behaviors that we call the Five Dynamics of Jazz. These five dynamics captured in the acronym are Autonomy, passion, risk,  innovation, and  listen-ing. 

Though all of these five are very important to jazz  innovation  is  the  driving  factor.  Innovation  is not a  "what," but a  "how."  It  is the result of fusing the exploitation of past knowledge and experience with an exploration of  that same knowledge  in an attempt to open new possibility.  In  jazz,  innovation implies  a  creative  partnership  between  the “leadership” of the soloist and the “support” of the rhythm  section.  In  society  today  Jazz  has  been over look and I am going to try to change that.   

By Kevin Banks

James brown esta a muy importante influencia

En Jazz y R & B música.

Afrocubano Jazz además saber como latino jazz, Afro-cubano son la combinación de jazz improviser y suma-mente ritmo contagioso. Pouden ser vestigio a trompe-tista nombre Mario Bauza y el percusionista Chano Pozo. Evolucionar desde su raíz de bop, Afrocubano del pasado samos la fusion entre norte, sur, y América Central.

So now that we have innovation down you can see how important Jazz was and still is but still has the ability to change to whatever people want to hear. Hopefully you are able to see the modern day impact of Jazz on the community. Also thanks for taking a look to see what Jazz is about hopefully you like what you know from what was able to be provided.

Al principio de los 1900s, el estilo Jazz tuema el tipo de módico-grupo música y su origen crea en New Orleans. Este estilo a veces esta equivocada-mente remiten a “Dixieland” pero es sin solista-orientado. Aunque tradicionalmente New Orleans Jazz tocan por negro, blanco, y africano, “Dixieland” es un término para los intérpretes blan-cos del estilo.

xt here Emergente en los 1990s ser el es-tilo que se llama Acid Jazz, una forma híbrida que combinar tradi-cional Jazz, soul, y funk con el ritmo de Latin y hip-hop. Este es el tiempo, dónde Empiezar ir a la

Hoy, una forma de arte célebre, Jazz es todavía creciente como el ritmo de africano música estar debajo modern tipo como Rap y Hip-Hop. Estas técnicas esta comienzan a eastar el sonido de Jazz hoy.

Jazz de hoy se centra en un par de cosas. Influye mucho de los principales tipos de la música actual como el hip-hop, R & B y rock algunos. Pero la gente que realmente entrar en el jazz están en un debate. Este debate es sobre si Jazz sigue siendo innovadores o en vías de desa‐parición. Esto se debe a Jazz ha tenido muchas llamadas ‐ ‐ grandes sólo lo siguen produciendo grandes. La gente dice que es cada vez más mediocre aten‐ción que grandes del jazz de hoy porque el jazz es pública y los ciudadanos no entienden la diferencia entre los dos. Demás está decir que todo tiene un mal momento o una caída hacia abajo, pero el jazz es demasiado de una influencia a morir. Realmente sólo importa cómo se mire en mi opinión

Works Cited

co., sher munc. "The Jazz Book Theory." Your giude to jazz guitar. 15 april 2010 <http://www.jazzguitar.be/store/the-jazz-theory-book.php>.

Creative, DDG. "Jazz, A technology for collaborative." 2010. Jazz impact. 14 4 2010 <http://www.jazz-impact.com/about>.

house, The total impact. Hyde park jazz fest 2009. 2009. 15 april 2010 <http://www.totalattorneys.com/impacthouse/hyde-park-jazz-fest-2009/>.

Jazzistry, Vincent York's. "jazz history timeline." 2002. Vincent York's Jazzistry. 21 4 2010 <http://www.jazzistry.org/index.html>.

news, Carribbean net. "Jazz festival has ‘tremendous impact’ on Jamaica’s tourist industry." 31 January 2006. Caribbean Net News. 15 april 2010 <http://

www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000002/000277.htm>.

By Cristian garbison

Porfirio Diaz fue el presi-dente de México. El fue el dictador.

The Mexican revolution is a war that changed the lives of many people in México. What would have been of the people in México if the revolution for free-dom never occurred? Where would México be today? They would be living in a country that has a dictator.

The Mexican revolution was a war that started on Novem-ber 20, 1910 and it lasted until 1920. The revolution began in México and it spread within cities in México. It was even brought to the United States. The dictator of México was Porfirio Diaz. He separated everybody in México by working conditions and their housing. Wealth was the real di-viding factor however. Porfirio Diaz was a general and he and about a hand full controlled the

country’s wealth and laws. Por-firio Diaz was in office for 31 years in which he ruled with an iron fist. The people of México had no opinion rights or voting rights.

All of this had to change somehow. Because of this op-pression, Francisco Madero cre-ated the anti-reeleccionista. This meant he was against re electing Diaz. Madero went all around the country talking and spreading his campaign. Madero was running against Diaz in the presidential election. When Madero received a majority of the vote, Diaz feared for the election and threw him in jail. After getting out, Madero came to the United States and spread the word that the elec-tion was set up and he would not accept defeat. He took a small group of followers and started the revolution. After calling for an-other election Francisco Madero had finally won the election and was named Mexico’s president.

If the Mexican revolu-tion never took place what would be of México today? Maybe it would still be run by a dictator. Mexico had won its first democ-racy presidential candidate to be elected as president. After the war was over things were still not under control. Before long presi-dent Madero had been assassi-nated. The rivalry between pan-cho villa and victoriano Huerta also ended in a bloody war. To-day people in México live a happy peaceful life under their president Felipe Calderon.

http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/2824-the-mexican-revolution-1910 http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/mex-davi.htm

61

mexican revolution timeline 

  

     

 Diaz resigns as president. He flees to Paris. 

 Madero be‐comes presi‐dent. He takes over México. 

 

 

 

8‐Jul 

5/25/1911  Oct‐11  2/9/1913  2/22/1913   

Porfirio Diaz is re elected president. He has been president since 1876.

The ten tragic days start. They arrest Madero.

Madero gets murdered. It happened out-side a prison.

62

La Revolucon de Mexicano. By Mason Waggoner.

Imagine being chased by an angry Mexican, who if he caught you he would kill you. This was normal in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution. Everyone was affected. If you were an in-nocent person you would still be in danger of getting hit. If you were a soldier, obviously you would have a good chance of either getting seriously injured, or even killed. Also there was a lot of political violence going on back then. Mexico at that time was a monopoly. Mean-ing that the president had all of the power over every other political power, but its not a dictatorship.

The Mexican revolu-tion started in 1910. It was

started because of Porfino Diaz. Diaz was the ruler of Mexico from 1900-1910. In the beginning of his reign, he was a good ruler. He fixed Mexico’s economy, he gave houses to the poor, he got rid of crime, and he improved the quality of liv-ing, but everything quickly went out of control. The fac-tors that affected the down-fall of Mexico in the early 1900’s were the same fac-tors that made it better.

Porfino Diaz thought that Mexico was ready for free elections, but he was terribly wrong. The person that ran against him was Francisco Madero. Madero was an average person at the time, which gave him an advantage with the people. So when he ran against Diaz, he was doing well. Diaz was getting scared, so

he made up an excuse to charge Madero with, and threw him in jail. With Madero in jail Diaz won the election. As I would be, Madero was livid, he was released from jail days after.

As soon as he was re-leased he went to the govern-ment and announced that the election was phony, and that he should have won. That is when the war started on November 20th, 1910. Leaders of the re-volts were Emiliano Zapata, Pancho Villa, and Orozco. Madero becomes president in 1911, but he was executed in 1913 after just two short years as president.

El Pancho Villa es importante durante la Revolución de Mexicana. El Pancho Villa es muy importante en las políti-cas de México. Pancho Villa tiene mucho éxito hasta el ase-sinato el Veinte del Julio. El Pancho Villa es muy Difícil. Pancho Villa es un gran inventor.

Esta es una foto de un grupo de soldados en México, Los más vio-lentos. La revolución de mexicano es muy difícil. Las Ventajas de la revolución son la libertad y la Justicia.

Works Cited

Davies, Lynn. “The Mexican

Revolution: an Over

view”. 2006. 20th April,

2010.

La revolución de Mexicano empiendo.

1910 1911 1913 1916 1920

Emilio Zapata empiendo la políticas de mexicano.

Madero y Sua-rez está mato

ellos mato por-que ellos está

escaparse.

El Pancho Vi-lla entras un batalla.

La revolución Termina.

63

Do you know about the Mexican revolution of 1910 and how it changed are life’s forever? Many people today don’t even know about the Mexican revolu-tion and the affect it had on just not them but the United States as well. But those who do know ask why we need to know about this event. Well I will tell you. The revolution is the act of free-dom Porfino Diaz. They say that he was a good president. But the rich and poor no longer wanted their independence on foreign investments. So they had their first free election. But to find out Diaz rigged the voting so that he would win. That is when the United States and Mexico started to change. But the ques-tion is how did this affect us? When the revolution began boys and girls ladies and gentleman pushed their way to the United States but mostly to Texas and California. After about half way into the revolution those places were be-coming too full so that made it to where they had to spread throw out the whole United States. That was the start of im-migration

La mujer encontra ayuda. Cuestar la investigaciòn. dicir por el lider 

El nino aprendemos como luchar. él piensa rápidamente 

Timeline of the Mexican Revolution." CHASS Faculty & Staff Pages: Home. 22

Apr. 2010 <http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/slatta/hi216/documents/mexrevtime.htm>.

Davies, Lynn. "History of the Mexican Revolution." Www.ic.arizona.edu. Web. 27 Apr. 2010. <http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/mex-davi.htm>.

With the migration occur-ring it is changing the population and affecting the work force. Most of you ask how? Well ask yourself how hard it is to get a job. And you see that with so many people in the United States that you will see that there are not that many jobs left. That is how it is changing the population and work force. And if there isn’t any work then there will be more homeless and less edu-cated people in the world.

Most of you ask what about the jobs that are coming from Mexico. The jobs that come over help for only so long ,because every time one of their jobs moves to the United States one of Ares moves over to Mexico. So see our work force is changing and so is the population. Take time out to see why the revolution played such a big role in their lives and Ares.

Darrius Ellison 4/28/10

Imagine 100 years ago seeing a 72

inch television sitting in your living room. Back then it would almost seem impossible to even imagine, and now almost 100 years later you can even watch television in high definition and even 3D. If you were around for the beginning of the television you would be amazed at the progression made from the first actual television. Many hands had a part in the actual develop-ment of the television and that’s the focus of this magazine article. Paul Gottlieb Nipkow is rec-ognized as the grandfather of the tele-vision age because of him you can enjoy your favorite TV shows every day while in the comfort of your own home. Paul Nipkow was born August 22, 1860 in Lauenberg, Germany. He was inspired by Guglielmo Marconi Nipkow. Nipkow wanted to have vis-ual images appear on a screen while still attending school in Germany. Guglielmo Marconi created an inven-tion that could create an audio signal in the late 1890’s.

Things like cable and the rabbit ears antennae have changed the way many look at TV. It only takes a little to spark that fuse in someone’s brain to create something spe-cial. There were many innova-tors that played a huge role in the success of the television. They all took each other ideas and ran with it to make it better. So their isn’t just one inventor for the television there are mul-tiple, so the next time you are engaged in a debate with some-one on who invented the TV remember you can mention more than one particular person it took a team.

The invention opened up the imagination of Nipkow to ex-pand into other ventures. Trans-mitting pictures to a wire was called the Nipkow disc. Paul Nipkow discovered that the television scanning principle was the light intensities of small portions of an image. It was successfully analyzed and trans-mitted. Another person worth tilting your hat for is John Logie Baird, he patented the idea of using arrays of transpar-ent to transmit images for tele-vision. His part of innovating was getting images to display on an actual screen. Although Paul Nipkow started the innovating of the television he did not finish. In-novations of the television are always happening. People such as Charles Francis Jenkins, Cathode Ray Tube, and Vlad-amir Kosma Zworykiin along with others had a significant impact.

para electrico

funcion señal

Científico May y Smith algo se-lenio y luz para transformar

electrico telescopio

cambiante invento

Paul Nipkow enviar imagen por alambres empleo rotativo metálico disco tec-nología llamadando

demostrar im-ages basado en Paul Nipkow disco

Charles Jenkins y John Baird inves-tigar transmision por circuito. John Baird em-pezar a éxito

1873 1880 1884 1900 1925

Inventores Alex-ander Graham Bell y Thomas Edison teoriza teléfono crear y sonido

Inventores descu-brir televisión sistema por Paul Nipkow

THE TV’s BEGGINGING

66

The television

has many affects on soci-ety. Some affects on you probably are being bored, missing your favorite show, not seeing the news/ delays…etc. I’m pretty sure you’ve had to go without television be-fore, rather if your cable got cut off, you got grounded from the televi-sion, or the power cut out. Can you remember how badly you wanted the television back? Well it’s not that surprising, seeming when you were little your parents always occupied you with enter-tainment from the televi-sion. It’s said that the av-erage person spends at least 3 hours watching television every day, does this sound like you?

Everyone that has a televi-sion seems to get addicted to it. A person was able to speak out about their ad-diction. One day, I real-ized everywhere I went

there was a television sion--the grocery store, my gym, doctor offices…etc. Our family room was even changed to what we called

the TV room. So I de-cided to do something about it. When my family and I moved we left the TV’s behind on purpose. Would you just throw away a perfectly good TV because it’s getting addicting? Obviously it was going to be tough but we had to do it. Our friends and family though we were crazy, but I knew it was for the bet-ter. The new house we moved in offered a new beautiful TV but still I declined the offer. Some people even spend more time watching TV than they do spending time with their kids.. I wanted mine to know that I loved them more than the television. Now we get more time to spend together rather than with the TV.

Television Addiction a True Story

El televosior es gustan un iman estudiar remojando arriba azul en-tristeciendo eso emociones y eso bonito mucho su pro-posito. Esto tiene lo obtener todo de su exito. Haciendo algo eso hacer tu sentir bueno; feliz es adicto a todos. Su justo gustar el costumbre de aprendiendo, y pen-sando.

By Terrikka Lincoln

67

Ideas had major

affects on everyone both physical and geographi-cal. A popular known idea is the television. Everyone viewed the television as being great since in the past we did-n’t know negative effects it had on us. Back then it just showed what other inventions could be ac-complished. Instead of playing outside children were sit-ting on the couch. It did help with depression but it also has its negative effects of creating lazi-ness, less time outside, and gaining weight. The television spread glob-ally. People with TV’s end up spending less time with their family, and miss out on outside ac-tivities. Innovations was

another affect on society. It’s introducing something new which gives info on the invention. These in-ventions impact everyone on how things function. In the past the television was made to show news from the government about the war, which changed peo-ples opinions and emo-tions towards it. The invention can have a positive or negative impact. For example if you disliked a product your bad opinion will just spread giving them less business. If they are suc-cessful it can change how curtain life functions work. A lot of things are made to make life easier. This introduction will most likely tempt others to buy if good. If so, it changes others when spread around.

The spread of ideas hap-pen very quickly. If you’ve ever watched tele-vision then you know about the commercials that interrupt. Those commercials show adver-tisements. This is how diffusion occurs. Diffu-sion is spread from one society to another. One factor that helps diffusion is popularity. When something becomes popular it is easy to spread around from ads on tv. Another factor that helps diffusion is deals because everyone’s look-ing to save money. Throughout time things are upgraded. Change occurs during a factor of just trying to better a popular product. When it is upgraded it will get sales because it’s sup-posed to be better than the original in some way.

Ideas Affect Society in Past

68

One

of the m o s t f a -m o u s

inventions is the televi-sion. We all see them in everyone’s house. Have you ever turned on the television to your favorite show and thought, I won-der who made this awe-some invention. The key players involved were Vladimir Zworykin, he created the TV camera. The RCA pulled his off the market though be-cause of the terrible qual-ity. John Logie Baird cre-ated the first fully elec-tronic color television. The main creator though is Philo Farnsworth who

successfully demonstrated TV signals using his de-signed scanning great in-vention. In high school, Philo Farnsworth had al-ready came up with the idea of making the televi-sion. His parents expected him to become a concert violinist, but his interests drew him to experiments with electricity. At the age of 12, he built an electric motor and produced the first electric washing ma-chine his family had ever owned. The television was created on August 13, 1888. Philo is one of the greatest, yet less publi-cized scientist of our gen-eration, which even Philo was mad about. He knew his invention was great but really didn’t think of the high addiction it

would have on everyone. When Philo created it finally it was like the last piece of his puzzle. He feels that he only got half of it though. He knew there would be people that wouldn’t like the in-vention but the most ar-gued is kids and their TV addiction. He knows that it is really not his fault that people love it so much, and that he can‘t be blamed over what someone else enjoys.

Famous Television

El nace en Utah el 19 de Agosto. 1906. Cuando el tiene 12 anos El es el cienctifico que es in-ventando las

En 25 de Marzo 1925 el inven-tor por el nombre de Baired mantiener su primera demon-stración de el televisor en Lon-dres. El recibir no crédito para la invención cuales un difícil a entiende.

El 5 de Noviembre 1930 el primero comercial del mundo tener la capaza de funcionar para un anuncio para pelo. La Estados Unidos obtener la ventaja un mes luego el 7 de Diciembre tener éxito.

En los 1940s un nuevo propósito del televisor está capaz a empiezar. Este televisor digital tecnologia deja otros ven el primero juego de baloncesto en Fe-brero 28 y el primero juego de hockey el 25 de Febrero. Manufactura lo facil para saber todo en la juegos alrededor el mundo con la ayuda para evaluar la comunicacion con los televidente pueden saben todo.

Una desventaja es eso las polticas mues-tran que los finales meses de la segunda guerra mundial continua alterar el televi-sor funcionamiento en Europa hasta el Julio. Los Unidos Estados producción de la guerra levantadan un prohibicion en el radio y televisores.

El televisor eléctrico alcanzamos (conjugate alcanzar) la marca de un millon en los estados unidos. El famoso científico use your "to be verb" to say he is proud tener orgulloso.

69

By Isaaca Sanders

Do you know who Willoughby Smith was? Well, Willoughby Smith (1828-1891) discovered the photoconductivity of the elements selenium. This led to the invention of photoelectric cells, which were used in the earliest television systems. He worked for Gutta -Percha Com-pany, London in which he de-veloped iron and copper wires insulated with Gutta- Percha which were going to be used for the telegraph wires. He was in charge of being the superin-tendant of the manufacture and laying of 30 miles of un-derground telegraph wire from Dover to Calais. Charles Wheatstone and Smith had worked closely together and who had designed the machin-ery for making the cable. This indeed was successful and over the coming decades, Smith and the company

The Innovation of Television By: Isaaca Sanders

were involved with many of the other underwater telegraph ca-ble projects. Willoughby Smith and a lot of other inventors contributed to the invention of the television. As a result of the television, there have been many innovations that have made this device impossible to live without. Television plays an important part in the daily lives of many people today. It is not surprising that almost every room in a home is occu-pied by a television. Today, due to the television we are aware of weather changes, what is going on in society, and much more information that is important to our world. By the 1950s, black and white televi-sions were introduced to the U.S. and due to high prices and the lack of broadcasting it slowed its acceptance in the marketplace.

The color sets started selling in very huge numbers which was in the late 1960s and that was because in a become very typical due to all- color broadcasts becoming more common. It took until 1960s until color broadcasting was standardized on the PAL for-mat and broadcast didn’t start until 1967. North America and Europe most major mar-kets were all color by the mid-1970s. By the 1980s B&W sets were pushed into niche markets, small portable sets, or use as monitor screens in lower-priced consumer equipment and in the televi-sion industry. This alone shows the convergence of all over all because of the televi-sion’s creation.

The innovation of the television is categorized into technology, science, arts/culture and poli-tics. It is related to technology because due to technology and our amazing inventors it has helped make television grow and upgrade. There have been many changes to the way tele-vision was and how it is today, as of looks. It takes many years and great minds to make sure that our technology only gets advanced. It is also categorized into science. Science goes hand- in- hand with technology. Without science, it would be hard to figure out the ups and downs of the technology world and how it operates. Without science, how would our inven-tors known what equipment to have to make the picture come into a reality? It can also fall into politics, the reasoning for that is because there are always some commercials on TV that has politics explaining an event or trying to raise money for different areas around the world trying to get us to give in. Since television is an impor-tant part of a lot of individuals’ life it alters the way that we live and how we see things. This can go as far as the clothes we buy, the food we eat, the music we listen to and our per-sonality and behavior.

The impact that televi-sion has on society today is that everyone is becoming blinded by the things that we see on TV. People in the world are noticing that televisions may be taking over our youth. Many believe that television is guid-ing our teens in their own di-rection and making up for per-sonal decision such as behavior and our youths’ language. Tele-vision also always shows acts of violence to the news to movie advertising. This shows what does go on in society and not to mention the misunder-standing of human’s actions. On June 6, 1850 Karl Ferdinand Braun, which was one of the contributors of the television, was born. The Uni-versities of Marburg and Berlin was where he studied and graduated in 1872 with a paper on the oscillations of elastic strings. He works as an assis-tant to Professor Quincke at Würzburg University and in 1874 received a teaching ap-pointment to the St. Thomas Gymnasium in Leipzig. His earliest investigations were about oscillations of strings and elastic rods. One of his most important works was in the field of electricity. He intro-duced the closed circuit of os-cillation into wireless telegra-phy, because he transmitted Morse signals through water by means of high- frequency cur-rents. In 1902 he succeeded in

receiving definitely directed messages by means inclined beam antennae. Braun’s contri-butions helped us in succeeding in one of today’s greatest in-ventions. What would life be like without the television? How would we receive our daily news from the weather, what is happening in society, and emergencies? Television does alter your life and has done its part in making the world into what it is today. Many new inventions are being invented from the television and many more!

(n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2010, from The Origin Of: http://www.theoriginof.com/television.html Buzzle.com. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2010, from Invention of Television: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/invention-of-television.html eSSORTMENT. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2010, from Who Invented The First Television?: http://beta.essortment.com/24933-invented-first-television.html Forum, S. I. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2010, from Does television impact youth violence?: http://www.sivglobal.org/?noframes;read=41 From Wikipedia, t. f. (2010, March 3). WIKIPE-DIA. Retrieved April 23, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith From Wikipedia, t. f. (2010, April 9). WIKIPE-DIA. Retrieved April 23, 2010, from Color televi-sion: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_television INVENTION HELP. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2010, from History of invention of television: http://www.invention-help.com/innovations/history-of-invention-of-television.htm Johansen, J. (2002, July 6). Does TV Affect Peo-ple's Behavior? Retrieved April 23, 2010, from http://www.johansens.us/sane/culture/cablead.htm

Jones, D. M. (1995, November). Why people watch TV. Retrieved April 23, 2010, from http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/dzj9401.html Productions, H.-T. (n.d.). Re-trieved April 23, 2010, from The History of Film, Television & Video: http://www.high-techproductions.com/

The bomb that

brought Japan to

its knees

By cameron smith

Time line for the A bomb Cameron smith

1930s Enrico Fermi y Leo Szilard empeza estudiaron juntos nu-clear fision y nuclear fusion por el universi-tario de Colomia Nuevo York.

En 1939 el ano antes WII Albert Einstein escribi una carta tu Presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt revelador pron como Alemania uso uranio-235 tu ha-cer un nuclear arma

el Manhattan proyecto salida tu compre menos camino en 1939.

en 1940 WW2 empezo Julio 16 1945 a el 5:29:45

- el ejercito probo la primer arma nuclear con el nombre “gadget.”

History of the Atomic Bomb 65 years ago this Au-gust 5, the United States dropped a bomb that killed over one hundred thousand people. This weapon is known as only the atomic bomb. Only two have ever been used in war, which was during WW2. The USA dropped them on the Japa-nese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bomb blew up about 600 feet above the city and flatting about a 4 square miles kill people by fire storms radiation and the ini-tial blast from the bomb. This was all started by a man born in Italy that goes by the name of Enrico Fermi. He was the leading scientist in bombarding atoms. In 1938 he was awarded the noble peace prize for his existence work in this field of science. But he face persecution do to the fact that he was married to a Jewish woman, because Nazi Germany was taking over Italy, so he used the ceremony to escape to New

York City. in 1939, he started his studies with a man named Leo Szilard. Together they started to experiment with nuclear fission and fusion. As time went on the USA government caught word of their work and came to talk to them about a weapon that could end that war. What Emrico said to them fell on deaf ears in tell they told Al-bert Einstein about what they were working on. Albert Einstein was so intrigued by what they had shared with him that he wrote a letter to the president at that time Roosevelt, telling him what he thought. Them everything just kicked off and the Manhattan pro-ject was underway. It started in Chicago and then it was moved to Los Amos New Mexico. Where in 1945 the first nuclear weapon was

tested on July 16, 100 miles outside of Los Amos the gadget was the bombs code name. three weeks later we dropped the bombs on Japan

72

The Pacific war against Ger-many and Japan was in full gear; Presi-dent Harry S. Truman was in office, America was in “war mode,” and most of all, the Manhattan project was under-way. The Manhattan project was lead by Robert Oppenheimer to create an atomic bomb out of Uranium- 235. The main objective was to make enriched/ refined Uranium- 235 out of non-fissionable Uranium- 238 and to put that knowledge into an atomic bomb. Robert Oppen-heimer had the knowledge of the atomic fission of uranium and was given the motive to unleash what he knew in an atomic bomb that would soon end World War 2. El nino poquito y el hombre

gordo son las bombas atòmicas que explosionan en Hiroshima y Nagasaki en Augosto 6 y Agosto 9, 1945. El impacta de las bom-bas atòmicas es la devastación

de muchos caminos. Uno de mas que 175,000 japonéses ciudada-nos y soldados mueren. Otra es la arma atòmica difunde en

otras cultras y la forma en amenazante arma de la masa de-

strucción. Estoy dirgo en la guerra fria. La technologìa por la

bomba atòmica es el adelan-tamiento en

la ciencia, invenciòn, y la fun-ciòn del mundo

By: Zachary Howald

“We have genuflected before the god of sci-ence only to find that it has given us the atomic bomb, producing fears and anxieties that sci-ence can never miti-gate.”

~ Martin Luther King, Jr.

The impact the atom bomb had on both Japan as well as America was overwhelming. Japan had suf-fered over 175,000 deaths and more than double that in injuries/ sicknesses in 3 days. President Harry S. Truman’s plan to end World War 2 was very success-ful but with many devastating effects behind his deci-sion. Due to Truman’s decision, the world looked at America in a totally new perspective; they looked at America as a head of power but also as somewhat of a barbaric country. Other countries thought that the atomic bomb was a brutal thing to do to Japan. Japan had many innocent citizens and children within it that died due to the dropping of the two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

The other view is of the atomic bomb is that it ended World War 2. Germany had already surren-dered days after Adolf Hitler, Germany’s psychotic chancellor, had committed suicide. Japan was still in the war fighting against America, Great Britain, and Russia. America could not af- afford to send any more soldiers into the war and have them die because Japan was still in the heat of battle. Truman’s decision to drop the atom bomb was risky but it ended up working to end the war in the long run.

Pictured below: Little Boy

Pictures left: Fat man

73

Ellos estàn signando tratado del espacio inter-astral (la estrella Guerra)

*Los paìses en verde son los que el signan, Ama-rillo son neutrales, y gris son los paìses que

El tratado del espacio interastral está teniendo las venta-jas y desventajas en los paises. El proposito por el tratado del espacio interastral es el tratado

està reduciendo la cantidad de la arma atòmica. La comunicacion entre los Estados Unidos y Rusia durante la guerra frìa es difìcil porque los paìses es separa-

dos y porque ellos estàn teniendo diferente la opinion en polìticas. Los Estados Unidos empiezan aprenden que Rusia piensa en, investiga, crea, y experimenta la bomba

atòmica. Ellos signan tratado en enero de 1991.

El desarrollo de bomba de atomic contran menos desarrollo pias 

The atom bomb started a new era of protec-

tion and power. Though with that great power came a newfound target on one’s chest. Ever since the atom bomb has been invented in the United States, more developed countries have mimicked the main struc-ture and impacts of it. The countries that are less de-veloped don’t have the protection capabilities that other more developed countries have. More developed countries that have the power and money/ sources to create an atom bomb, have an obligation to help those less developed coun-tries that leads to competition. The less developed countries don’t have that severity of problem because they don’t threaten other countries with nuclear/

Agosto 6, 1945- El nino poquito explosion en Hiroshima y asesinatas

màs de 100,000 japonés ciudadanos japonéses y

Agosto 9, 1945- El hombre gordo explosiona en Nagasaki asesinatas

màs de 75, 000 ciudadanos japonéses y soldados 

Septembre 14, 1945- Japòn està anunciando el rendición formal

Enero 27, 1967- El tratado del espacio interastral para.

La arma atómica de lugar en orbita

Julio 1991- El S.T.A.R.T. tratada de reducir la cantidad

de arma atòmica. El S.T.A.R.T. es pacto para esta corta de acuerdo la espalda el para el number de arma atómica

de alcance largo dentro de siete anos.

El tiempo linea labomba de atomica The atomic bomb has diffused in MANY

ways. It has spread throughout the world and has changed in ways to adapt to the culture it has been transformed by. The atom bombs lead into the Cold War between America and Russia. The constant threat of using nuclear/ atomic bombs against one an-other was terrifying beyond belief. The dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki devel-oped into a nuclear war. The outcomes of the drop-ping were never expected to be as extreme as it was to the extent of creating a war.

By: Teresa Vasquez

Do you ever think about the past? Do you ever think about the atom bomb and how much devastation it caused for lots of inno-cent people? Well think about it right now, if you went back in time and were there to witness the bombing of Hiroshima what would you do? Most people these days don’t really think about the past. Maybe some don’t even know about the bombing. During World War II when there was a war going on between the US and Japan. The US needed to put an end to the war, so the atom bomb was developed. The bomb was made in 1943 and two years later when it was finished, it was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. After the atom bomb was dropped, nothing could stand in its way. It destroyed anything and everything. There were very few survivors, but they weren’t so lucky. The citizens of Hiroshima started getting sick with a radia-tion poisoning. Not many people survived from it. Still to this day it is still affecting others, but in different ways. Such as mak-ing people think about why they had to use the atom bomb? Many people would argue about that it was a good idea yet it was a bad idea. Some people would say that the bomb was a bad idea to use because it was inhumane, it tortured lots of surviving peo-ple with the radiation poisoning and killed a lot of people and jus ruined everything. Which it indeed really was inhu-

mane, but others say that it was good idea because it was the only way to end the war and be in peace. That is how it was back then, but today there are some others that still debate about it, but majority of US citizens don’t even think about it anymore because it was so long ago. It has changed the minds of many people such as chang-ing their minds about the atom bomb. Since the atom bomb was too strong the US haven’t used it since the bombing of Hiroshima. The atom bomb has also af-fected us in medical ways such as bringing up the rate in leukemia. And it has changed their minds about even using the bomb again. If they didn’t change their minds they would have used the bomb again for the war that is going on now. Also it is good though that it is not being used again, because that bomb hurt a lot of people that didn’t deserve it. The bad thing is, is that sometimes we wish we didn’t do anything wrong and we just want to go back and change everything to make it bet-ter, but we can’t. That is why before we do something wrong we need to think about how it is going to affect other people. Also you never know what the outcome might be.

El nube de hongo es grande y altura en el aire.

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1943: El creación de bomba atomica.

1945: El termi-nando de el bomba at-omica.

1945: August 6 la bomba atomica desciendo en Hiroshima. la devastacion esta empezar

.1945: August 9: El bomba atomica desciendo en Na-gasaki

Esta la vista de Hi-roshima despues de bombaredo.

La mujer esta en el centro de casas y edi-ficios destruidos.

Anhalt, Lindsey. "Atomic Bomb." Arts & Sciences | Arts & Sciences. Web. 20 Apr. 2010. <http://artsci.wustl.edu/~copeland/atomicbomb.html>.

76

Do you ever wonder what

your life would be like with-

out computers? If we lived

without computers, then eve-

rything will just go wrong.

We wouldn’t be able to get

on MySpace, Face book,

Aim, and yahoo and meet

people or we wouldn’t be

able to find information for

our research for projects in

school. Well I wouldn’t be

writing this article right now.

Almost everything in the

world uses computers. Do

you ever wonder why or

who invented computers and

how it was discovered? The

main key players that in-

vented the computer were

Charles Babbage who in-

vented the implementation

of the design, John Presper

Eckert who was the actual

person that created com-

puters and electronically,

and John W. Mauchly, he

was also the actual person

that invented computers.

The reason why computers

were invented because they

wanted to see the use of

something that will make

things go farther then what

they expected to be. When

was the first computer in-

vented? Well there’s no tell-

ing when the first computer

was invented because it

started out as all kinds of

part like it started out as a

programmable computer,

digital computer, transistor

computer, stored program

computer, and the first mini-

computer and what end up

today the laptop or the iPad.

The first computer was in-

vented University of Penn-

sylvania of electronic digital

calculator. But the first com-

puter that was first made was

ENIAC (Electronic Numera-

tor, Integrator, Analyzer, and

Computer). In the year of

1943 is when the beginning

of the computer was in-

vented.

The in-

vention of computers impact

a lot of people in the world

because, people that have

jobs there whole job might

be based on computers. Peo-

ple uses computers for all

sorts of things, they use

them for traffic lights, medi-

cal fields, cars and jets to

create the model of them,

and computers for things in

space. So you can see why

people needed computers

back then and they need

them now. Thanks to com-

puter the world has changed

a lot and it has made the

world easier to create things

in the world. Computer im-

pacted people in a huge way

because they impacted us

with movies because it made

things come to life but that is

not really real in life. Com-

puters made things into 3D

for fiction and non- fiction

movies.

77

Computer bring a little bit of both Conver-

gence and divergence, because for conver-

gence it brings communities and important

business things together by them using the

computer for all sorts of things with their

jobs. For divergence computers bring peo-

ple apart because we get so distracted with

computers that we don’t communicate each

other. Why does a computer matter? Com-

puters matter because it makes the world

way easier then it usually is. Almost every-

thing in the world is based on computers

because everyone in the world uses them

for important jobs, important school work,

and even important opportunities.

By Brittney Britt

Lewis, Alfred . "the impact of computers." t a t o o n i e . 2 3 A p r . 2 0 1 0 . <tatoonie.fortunecity.com/vonnegut/320/history.htm>. Robert, Swanson . "Impact of Computers." t a t o o i n e . 2 3 A p r . 2 0 1 0 . <tatooine.fortunecity.com/vonnegut/320/history.htm>.

1940 El calculadora esta completado

1942 John Vincent completado el Atanasoff-Berry Com-putador (ABC)

1944 El primero Colos-sus esta operativo en Bletchley Par-que. Diseno por British ingeniero Tommy Florear

1946 En Febrero, el pub-lico conseguir su

primero alcanzar de el ENIAC, a ma-

quina constuir por John Mauchly y J.

Presper Eckert 1948 IBM´s Selectivo Serie

Electronico Calculadora computador científico datos en publico ex-poner cercano el com-pania Manhattan ce-

beza.

Why do we constantly

want supplementary, enhanced, and remarkable pos-sessions? Las innovacións revolutionize the world as we know it one invention at a time. One of the most important las innovacións is the computer. Unlike most inventions, the computer was created by a vari-ety of people because of its assortment of compo-

nents. The invention of the

computer has been around for a while, but how did the people in the past react to it? What actions of theirs lead to the innovations made to make the com-puter what it is today?

When the computer first broke the surface, it was just used to make math calculations, nothing fancy. They needed these tools to add up costs at businesses, do simple long division, and other formu-las that mathematicians became too lazy to complete.

The public’s reaction to the computer was the encouragement for other innovations to this inven-tion. The inventors of the computer never expected for their society to be so astonished by their creation. Once the computer really got into the public, every-one wanted one.

Las computadoras may seem completely su-perior, but there were a few problems and concerns associated with this development. Once computers turned into something other than just calculators, they were a huge piece of technology and they had to be kept in a whole separate room. This caused costly renovations that weren’t enjoyed. Yet, there were

still some peo-

ple who didn’t enjoy this discovery of thoughtless

calculations, and actually feared it. These were the mathematicians, who completed these algebraic equations to earn their life income. With this new device, they would lose their jobs. These mathemati-cians of the community quickly bonded with the in-novators of the computer.

By: Mary Cerajewski

RIGHT Lord Kevin es el inventor de la primera computadora. Es enorme y puede rel-

lenar la sala enterna. Ellos no son portátiles. Móviendo las computadoras vienen después. Inventando la escala

larga la computadora es enorme el paso en inventando la más tecnología y communicación. El digital y la com-

municación electrico un aparatos son difícil utlizar.

79

This incredible invention was a combination of two large innovations – the typewriter, and the large scale calculation computer. The typewriter was invented in 1933. The first large scale calculation computer was invented around 1972, and somewhere in between those times the thought of combining the two devices became alive. Instead of just calcula-tions, they could type commands and words within

the calculator computer.

The world as they knew it changed right before their eyes. This innova-tion impacted them in ways that would last a lifetime by involving more people into the creation of

technology. Now, the view of the computer had spread across the world. Everyone desired one. These people longed for the math freedom and the neatness and speed of the type writer.

This innovation brought coun-tries from all over the world to-gether. Once one country started spreading their inven- tion of technology all over the world, it forced countries everywhere to work together to continue to improve the computer.

This was an extreme new piece of technol-ogy. It could not be improved without the ideas, modifications, and corrections of a million sets of eyes.

ABOVE:  

Es la primera vez que ellos pueden escribir. Te‐clear en la mánquina no es tan rápido como la mano escritura. Sin la máquina nosotros estamos escribiendo por mano. Escribiendo por mano es lento. Tener la máquina comienza el experi‐

mento por el laptop. IBM alcance el éxito.

Works Cited “A Computer Timeline.” 15 April 2010. Computer Timeline.

Web Spaceship. 2000. <http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/

computertimeline.html>.

Finchsigmate, Kyle. “Dissertation Times.” 12 April 2010.

The Word Press. The Chem Blog. 2009. <http://

www.thechemblog.com/?m=200810>.

Iaciofano, Carol. “Computer Timeline.” 21 April 2010.

Atariarchives – Software & info. Digital Deli. 2003.

<http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/Time_Line.php>.

“Manchester Love Poetry Generator Recreated.” 12 April

2010. Manchester Library. Manchester Blog spot. 2009.

<http://

manchesterlitlist.blogspot.com/2009_03_01_archive.html>.

As the computer became more innovative, desires and interests increased, but no one was as curious as the society members when the computer was first formulated. These concerns of the computer pushed the inventors to improve the computer and make it into a completely new piece of work. The computer in the past will forever linger in the lives of the people in the present, and future.

80

1823: “Charles Bag‐gage construe la primera máquina que saca los problemas de alegebra. Él en‐tiendelo difícil y fácil de las cien‐cias. El propósito de la ciencia es descubrir, pen‐sar, aprender, y investigar.

1924: “CTR’s convierten las maqui‐nas del comercio nacional”

1872: “La primera computadora descu‐bre por Lord Kevin” 

1933: “La primera internacional la máquina crea por IBM”

1940: “Las primeras computadoras electronicas  empiezan"

Countries like the United States have big-ger, stronger, and more developed inventions and pieces of technology, such as the computer. In less developed and more struggling countries, such as Africa, their availability of technology isn’t as vast. In the United States, some often take com-puters, cell phones, and refrigerators for granted. They use computers everyday when someone their age in Africa will never touch a computer in their life. They use their cell phones every hour, but children in Africa have never even seen one. They use their refrigerators to store every type of spoilable food, when the people of Africa don’t have any food. Technology is a huge part of the growing world. Computers are continuing to be innovated every day. Some less developed countries lack the technology and experience that more devel-oped countries withhold. Throughout time, these countries may even out, but when one is always multiple steps behind, it’s hard to catch up.

81

By: Paege Bowers

Did you know that at one time computers were the size of a room? Now a day they can be as small as the average phone. The computer has changed so much from 1936 to today. Not only the size of the computer, but also the speed and access that it can do. Could you imagine all of the books that you would have to use just to do a research paper for a class? Also, all of the paper that you would have to use to write out all of the things that you do if you didn’t have a com-puter to type it out on. Some of the computers that are out today can hold a lot of memory. Much more then you could imagine.

Computers today in our society have changed a lot. Some of the changes of the com-puter would be the technology. The computer in the present has been compacted into a lot of dif-ferent things such as the cell-phone and I-pods. In today’s time the computer have become a major part in different businesses and schools. Some of the people from Computer World did a sur-vey which they found out that 8 out of 10 businesses use com-puters.

Today, almost every-thing is built or ran off of com-puters. You might not even think about it, but if there were not computers then there would not be most of the cartoon movies

Computers are a huge im-pact today being that if computers were not here then we would not have a lot of the cures for diseases that we have access to today through computers. This wonderful invention was invented by not only one person but multiple people. The most known inventor would be Charles Babage.

The computer has become very helpful to the present day. If the computer was not here today and then there would be a problem in storing and sharing the information that we create and find. There have been a lot of different products that have been invented to be used in learning and to help do something. There have been many inventions that have only been successful be-cause of the computer. The computer has helped many businesses work together to make a great product such as the I-pod touch. Which combining the computer with the music player I pod.

The impact of the computer has been seen throughout time. The computer is reaching around the world today. The computer has im-pacted many things and places; it has become an important product of most businesses. If there were not com-puters, then there we would be with-out a lot of products today. The com-puter has become almost a necessary item in every home, business, and schools. The computer’s today have grown a lot since 1936 and will con-tinue to grow for many more years.

Si tú anuncio esto ambos com-putadora. Esto foto enseñar cómo mucho distinto, espe-cialmente en tamaño.

1990- Tim Berners Lee, y Robert Cailliau en (CERN) presentar un “hypertext” sistema, cuál es el primero comienzo de el internet que estamos de hoy.

. 1995- Microsoft ven-tana 95 público. Des-pués 4 día el software vender más que 1 millón copia.

Keizer, Gragg. Survey:8 in 10 businesses now using Macs. Computerworld. June 26 2008. April 20 2010 <www.computerworld.com>. Swanson, Robert, Schank, Roger, and Peter. The impact of the com- puters. Fortune city. April 23

2010 <http://tatooine.fortunecity.com/>.

1991- Augusto 6, 1991 el mundo ancho sitio lanzan a el público. Tim Berners Lee está un científico en europeo parcial física laboratorio (CERN) en Ginebra.

2001- abril 20, 2001 el Dell computadora son el más grande PC fabricante.

1999- el “D progra-ma lenguaje” del pasado empezar a principio desarrollo.

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