wmo space programme discussion with ipy-spg barbara j. ryan director, wmo space programme 4 february...
TRANSCRIPT
WMO Space Programme
Discussion with IPY-SPG
Barbara J. RyanDirector, WMO Space Programme
4 February 2009WMO HeadquartersGeneva, Switzerland
An Historical Comparison
Pre-1957
2005
Cataloged Objects in Earth Orbit
The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and Societal Benefits of Improved Earth Observations
Connecting Satellite Observation Systems to GEOSS
• Integrate observing systems, nationally and internationally, to benefit from the increased number and distribution of observations of any given event
• Identify measures to minimize data gaps – to move toward a comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained Global Earth Observation “System of Systems”
Space-based Component of WMO’sGlobal Observing System (GOS)
Agencies Contributing to WMO’s GOS
JMA
CMA
ROSHYDROMET
IMD
NOAA
WebsiteDocuments
Training eventsVirtual
Laboratory
Enhance user capability to
benefit from sat data/products
IntercalibrationGSICS
Plan / implement space-based GOS
User requirements
database
WMO Space Programme ActivitiesWMO Space Programme Activitiesinvolving WMO Members, their Space Agencies, and CGMSinvolving WMO Members, their Space Agencies, and CGMS
Collect requirements for space-based observations and related services
IGDDS-RARS projectsAccess to R&D data
RSSC-CMRGB workshop
Support product generation
Satellite agencies Users
Global planning optimization
Enhance data access
Ensure sat data quality
POLAR- POLAR intercalibration
• Images: NOAA/NESDIS
•To ensure consistency of datasets from different missions and operators
• Implementation Plan adopted Nov.2006
•8 Organizations currently contributing (+WMO)
GEO versus Polar-orbiting
Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) inter-calibration method
Global Space-based Inter-calibration System (GSICS)
GCOS 26 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)
A. Atmosphere
A.1 Surface Wind Speed and DirectionA.2 Upper-air TemperatureA.3 Water A VapourA.4 Cloud propertiesA.5 PrecipitationA.6 Earth Radiation BudgetA.7 OzoneA.8 Atmospheric reanalysis (multiple ECVs)A.9 AerosolsA.10 Carbon Dioxide, Methane and other
Greenhouse GasesA.11 Upper-air Wind
O. OceansO.1 Sea IceO.2 Sea LevelO.3 Sea Surface TemperatureO.4 Ocean ColourO.5 Sea StateO.6 Ocean ReanalysisO.7 Ocean Salinity
T. TerrestrialT.1 LakesT.2 Glaciers and Ice Caps, and Ice SheetsT.3 Snow CoverT.4 AlbedoT.5 Land CoverT.6 fAPART.7 LAIT.8 BiomassT.9 Fire DisturbanceT.10 Soil moisture
Expected availability of the GCOS required FCDRs (3: Terrestrial domain)
ECV
Extent of glaciers
Ice sheet elevation
Snow cover extent
Albedo
Lake level and area
Land cover type
fAPAR
LAI
Fire burnt area, rad.power
Biomass (research)
Soil moisture (research)
Instrument type Status
VIS/NIR imagery
Altimetry
VIS/NIR imagery and MW imagery
Multispectral and broadband imagery
VIS/NIR imagery, altimetry
VIS/NIR imagery, multispectral, high res. Resolution ?
VIS/NIR imagery Resolution ?
VIS/NIR imagery Resolution ?
VIS/NIR imagery, SWIR/TIR imagery
SAR R&D
Active/passive MW R&D
Maximizing data quality and usability
Users
Satellites & sensors
Satellite data
Essential Climate products
GOS GSICS
ConsistentCalibrateddata sets
RSSC-CM
• Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) – Established Nov 2006, Currently involves 7 satellite operators– Operations Plan adopted April 2007
• Regional/Specialized Satellite Centres for Climate Monitoring (RSSC-CM)– Concept agreed following CM-7 guidance– Implementation Plan developed– Executive Panel to meet on 25-26 February
CEOS Virtual Constellations
• Synergies among national and regional satellite programs and focus dialogue and resources
– Atmospheric composition – NASA/ESA– Global precipitation – NASA/JAXA– Land surface imaging – USGS/ISRO– Ocean surface topography – NOAA/Eumetsat
– Ocean color radiometry– Ocean surface vector winds
• Common guidelines
• Optimal end-to-end capabilities
• Coordinated user requirements for future systems
NO2 Images for April 15, 2004
NASA
Measurements
Mission
Science
Information
Decision Makers
Societal Need
Needs a
nd R
equire
ments
Societal Benefit
Improved Indexes andForecast Products
Resu
lts
and P
roduct
s
AC Constellation provides improved continuity and coverage
AC individual missions provide limited continuity and coverage
Improved knowledge and models
Improved technology
Volcanic Eruption AshDisaster Warning System
Virtual Constellation (ACC) Example of Value Chain
Challenges Facing the Community
• Research to Operations Transition (R2O)– Remarkable record of satellite
observations derived from instruments largely designed for weather forecasting
• Data Sharing Principles– WMO Resolutions 40 (met) and 25 (hydro)
• Different approaches/terminology among different sectors and/or organizations – confusing to policy-makers
Working across the Constellations -- Mt. Etna InSAR
The Way Forward
. . . both satellite and in situ data are required to better monitor, characterize, and predict changes in the Earth system. While in situ measurements will remain essential and largely measure what cannot be measured from satellites, Earth-observation satellites are the only realistic means to obtain the necessary global coverage, and with well-calibrated measurements will become the single most important contribution to global observations for climate.
www.ceos.org