WINERY WASTEWATER

TREATMENT & REUSE:

Membrane Bioreactor Technology

By: Anu Shah, P.E.SUMMIT ENGINEERING, INC.463 AVIATION BLVD. STE 200SANTA ROSA, CA 95403707.636.9157anu@summit-sr.comwww.summit-sr.com

Membrane Bioreactor

• Membrane bioreactor (MBR) – High-rate activated sludge process– Microfiltration replaces clarifier– Compact treatment unit– High effluent quality allows recycling

• 0.1 micron pore size, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes

Membrane Bioreactor Schematic

Blower

Diffusers

Membrane Module

2 mm Screening

Raw PW

EQ Zone

Excess Sludge

Anoxic Zone

Effluent to storage/reuse

Aeration Zone

Membrane Filtration Spectrum

Membrane Bioreactor

• Typical flow rate: 5,000 to 20,000 gpd

• Optimal winery size: 50,000 to 250,000 cases

• 10,000 gpd unit: 60’ L x 12’ W x 11.5’ High reactor,

- roughly 1/10th of a pond area.

- energy: 30 HP

• Modularity

Flat Plate Membrane

• 0.08 micron pore size, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)membranes

• Design Flux: 15 gpd/sf• TMP: 1.03 – 2.90 PSI• Cleaning: In-place, semi-annual, 4 hours, Hypochlorite

followed by Citric acid• Filtration via static water pressure• Membranes relaxed every few minutes

Hollow Fiber Membrane

• 0.1 micron pore size, • Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes• Design Flux: 5 gpd/sf• TMP: 1.0 – 5.5 PSI• Cleaning: In-place, Hypochlorite 90 days, semi-annual

Citric Acid • Filtration via pump pulling suction pressure• Relaxation every 12 minutes for 60 sec

Membrane Bioreactor Process Parameters

• Flow – readout

• Dissolved Oxygen – readout

• pH - readout

• Transmembrane Pressure - readout

• Effluent Quality – BOD, TSS, N, P – wet chemistry

Membrane Bioreactor Costs

• Reactor cost $ 300,000 to $ 600,000

• Overall installed cost $ 1 to 1.8 million dollars

• Membrane replacement every 5 years - $ 50,000

• Energy costs 10 to 25 % more than a comparable pond

Organics, Inorganics and

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

SourceWater

ProcessWW

TreatedEffluent

OrganicsInorganicsTSS

Pollution Level

Characteristic Units Crushing Season

MBR Effluent

Range

BOD5

mg/L

500 – 12,000

2 - 10

pH -- 2.5 - 9.5 6.5-9.5

Total Suspended Solids mg/L 40 – 800 2 - 10

Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 80 – 2,900 300 -1,500

Nitrogen mg/L 5 - 50 5 - 50

Membrane Bioreactor Effluent Quality

• BOD and TSS < 10 mg/L consistently, majority of samples below 2 mg/L

• Instrumentation, process control and lab testing ensures better operation and effluent quality

• Effluent quality independent of sludge settling characteristics

• Membrane tear - small but distinct increase in the TSS/BOD

• Ability to denitrify with anoxic zone – low nitrogen achievable

Membrane Bioreactor Effluent Reuse

• Consistent effluent quality with low BOD & TSS allows for more reuse options

• Vineyard and landscape Irrigation

• Reuse inside the winery – toilet flushing, floor rinsing, initial rinse of tanks

• Prepares the effluent for further membrane treatment

Membrane Bioreactor Case StudySterling Vineyards - 10,000 gpd system• Existing pond system

• Limited room to expand ponds

• Desire for superior effluent quality

• Reduce water consumption

• Effluent reuse for irrigation

Sterling MBR

Hess Collection Winery Case Study

• 10,000 gpd PW Flow• Pretreatment for Sewer

Discharge• Compact system • Superior Effluent Quality

Truck Loading Dock

Aeration Zone

Treated Effluent

Membrane Bioreactor Case StudiesDeLoach Winery – 5000 gpd system

• Leachfield overloaded

• Preserve vineyards, ponds not desired

• Superior effluent quality

• Effluent reused for irrigation

Membrane Bioreactor Case StudiesFrancis Ford Copolla Winery

20,000 gpd SS system

• Leachfield soils not available

• Minimize impact to native vegetation

• Denitrification required

• MBR treatment with the Title 22 standards

Influent COD

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

12/19

/2006

1/9/2

007

1/23/2

007

2/6/2

007

2/20/2

007

3/12/2

007

3/27/2

007

4/10/2

007

4/24/2

007

5/

8/200

75/2

4/200

76/5

/2007

6/20/2

007

7/10/2

007

7/23/2

007

8/7/20

07 8/

21/20

079/1

1/200

79/2

5/200

710

/8/20

071/8

/2008

1/24/2

008

2/05

/2008

2/1

9/200

83/3

/2008

3/18

/084/1

/2008

4/21/2

008

5/12/2

008

6/2/20

086/1

6/200

8

Date

Influ

ent C

OD

, mg/

L

Influent COD (HR)Influent COD AVG

Hess Collection Influent COD

Influent TSS

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

12/19

/2006

1/9/2

007

1/23/2

007

2/6/2

007

2/20/2

007

3/12/2

007

3/27/2

007

4/10/2

007

4/24/2

007

5/

8/200

75/2

4/200

76/5

/2007

6/20/2

007

7/10/2

007

7/23/2

007

8/7/20

07 8/

21/20

079/1

1/200

79/2

5/200

710

/8/20

071/8

/2008

1/24/2

008

2/05

/2008

2/1

9/200

83/3

/2008

3/18

/084/1

/2008

4/21/2

008

5/12/2

008

6/2/20

086/1

6/200

8

Date

Influ

ent T

SS, m

g/L

TSS Influent TSS AVG

Hess Collection Influent TSS

Effluent BOD Both Tanks

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2/27/2

007

3/13/2

007

3/27/2

007

4/10/2

007

4/24/2

007

5/8/20

075/2

2/200

76/5

/2007

6/19/2

007

7/3/20

077/1

7/200

77/3

1/200

78/1

4/200

78/2

8/200

79/1

1/200

79/2

5/200

710

/9/20

0710

/23/20

0711

/6/20

0711

/20/20

0712

/4/20

0712

/18/20

071/1

/2008

1/15/2

008

1/29/2

008

2/12/2

008

2/26/2

008

3/11/2

008

3/25/2

008

4/8/20

08

Date

Efflu

ent B

OD

, mg/

L

BOD Tank 2BOD Tank 1

Hess Collection Effluent BOD

Effluent TSS Both Tanks

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

12/19

/2006

1/9/2

007

1/23/2

007

2/6/2

007

2/20/2

007

3/12/2

007

3/27/2

007

4/10/2

007

4/24/2

007

5/

8/200

75/2

4/200

76/5

/2007

6/20/2

007

7/10/2

007

7/23/2

007

8/7/20

07 8/

21/20

079/1

1/200

79/2

5/200

710

/8/20

071/8

/2008

1/24/2

008

2/05

/2008

2/1

9/200

83/3

/2008

3/18

/084/1

/2008

4/21/2

008

5/12/2

008

6/2/20

086/1

6/200

8

Date

Efflu

ent T

SS, m

g/L

TSS Tank 1 TSS Tank 2

Hess Collection Effluent TSS

Low Rate Systems• Simple• Robust• Large land use• Low operational involvement

Includes:• Subsurface Treatment • Facultative Aerated Ponds• Wetlands

Medium Rate Treatment

• Less land use than the low rate systems

Includes:• Activated sludge treatment

including sequencing batch reactors (SBRs).

• Advantex

High Rate Treatment

• Advanced Treatment • Minimal Land Use

Includes:• Membrane Bioreactors (MBR)• Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blankets (UASB)

Subsurface Treatment

• Settling (Septic) Tank Followed By Perforated Subsurface Piping

• Low visual impact• Require low maintenance and operator attention • Downside is these systems require large land use

Factors affecting Subsurface Treatment:• Depth and quality of the soil • Depth to groundwater• Setback from wells, flood zones, etc.

Septic Tanks and Leachfield

Facultative Aerated Ponds

• Earthen Pond with Aeration• High Retention Time (60 to

120 days)• Low Maintenance• Aerobic and Anaerobic

Reactions• Provides for Effluent Storage

Summary

• MBR is an option when high effluent quality is desired for effluent reuse

• Over 99 percent removal efficiencies were achieved for BOD5, COD and TSS

• Space saving technology

• Current pricing attractive for 50,000 to 250,000 case wineries