winds responsible for triggering the initial movement of air
TRANSCRIPT
WINDSWINDS
Responsible for triggering the initial movement of air.
CORIOLIS EFFECT
SHIFT IN WIND
DIRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S
ROTATION
What happens if pressure is the same?
No wind!
Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences
Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
LOCAL WINDS
SEA BREEZE
LAND BREEZE
Uneven heating of land vs water
Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating
pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
Seasonal Winds- over bigger region
(ex-SE Asia)
monsoon
MONSOONS
Similar to land and sea breeze bit occur over a wider area
SEASONAL WINDS
Philippines
Northeast Monsoon (cold and wet)
Southwest Monsoon (dry)
Global/Planetary Winds
Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating
pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
Seasonal Winds- over bigger region
(ex-SE Asia)
monsoon
GLOBAL WINDS UNEQUAL HEATING equater vs. poles
results in
GLOBAL PATTERN OF AIR
CIRCULATION
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/global_winds/index.html
Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
Seasonal Winds- over bigger region
(ex-SE Asia)
monsoon
Global/Planetary Winds
Prevailing Westerlies
Polar Easterlies
Trade Winds
Jet Stream
Up In Atmosphere
On Surface
TRADE WINDSON SURFACE:
AIR MOVING BACK TO THE
EQUATOR FORMING A
BELT OF WARM,
STEADY WINDS
PREVAILING WESTERLIES
ON SURFACE
40-60 degrees Latitude (West to East)
Strong Winds
POLAR EASTERLIES
ON SURFACE
COLD BUT WEAK WINDS
EAST TO WEST
JET STREAMS
IN ATMOSPHERE
(ABOVE 12 KMS)
180-350 Km/Hr
(speed)
“rivers of air"
Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences
Local Winds
Land breeze
Sea breeze
Seasonal Winds- over
bigger region (ex-SE Asia)
monsoon
Global/Planetary Winds
Prevailing Westerlies
Polar Easterlies
Trade Winds
Jet Stream
NO Winds
DoldrumsHorse
Latitudes
On Surface
Up In Atmosphere
DOLDRUMSON
SURFACE
CALM/ NO WINDS AT EQUATOR (0 degrees
latitude)
HORSE LATITUDES
ON SURFACE
30 degrees North and South of Equator
Warm air cools and sink; clear skies; winds are calm
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/global_winds/index.html
CORIOLIS EFFECT
SHIFT IN WIND
DIRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S
ROTATION
As air moves from high to low pressure: in north, air deflected right/counterclockwise
in the south, air is deflected left/clockwise
hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
in NORTH
Flushing Toilets on the Equator
Myth or Real:
Toilets flushed in the northern hemisphere apparently spin to the right, in the southern hemisphere the water spins left -- this is supposedly caused by the Coriolis effect. And on the equator? It's a straight shot down.
myth
BREAK TIME
• One big/important idea or fact
• Stand up
• Share with 3 people
So how do we get differences in pressure?
All factors makingLow density & low pressure
1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.
REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE
DIFFERENCES IN DENSITY
DIFFERENCE IN AIR PRESSURE
EX) HOT temp (LESS dense)=>LOW P
COLD temp (MORE dense)=>HIGH P
UNEQUAL HEATING OF AIR
TEMPERATURE AND AIR PRESSURE
HEAT
Air molecules move faster and expand
less dense
LESS AIR PRESSURE Air RISES
All factors makingLow density low pressure
1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.
2) humidity: Moist air is less dense than dry air.
REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE
More water vapor means less air
moleculesLOW AIR
PRESSUREDRY AIR more dense = HIGH AIR
PRESSURE
Less dense =
All factors makingLow density low pressure
1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.
2) humidity: Moist airis less dense than dry air.
3) elevation: Air at high altitudes (mountains) is less dense than air at lower altitudes.
REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE
Air at high altitudes is
more spread out = less dense than air at lower altitudes.
Measuring Air Pressure
Air Pressure is measured by an instrument called Barometer
2 Main Types of Barometer
Mercury BarometerAneroid (spring)
Air pressure increases, column of mercury rises
Air pressure decreases, column of mercury drops
Video (minute 2): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gGBMCqBoSE&feature=related
VIDEO: Why use mercury?
Break time
• Think of one fact you learned from the video or what you found interesting
• Stand up
• Form groups based on the same idea
CLOUDS
TYPES OF CLOUDS
CLOUD FORMATION1) WATER VAPOR (gas) rising (need heat to cause evaporation)
2) CONDENSATION NUCLEI (smoke, dust, pollution)
3)LOW TEMPERATURE for condensation (liquid) to occur
MOISTURE CONDENSES ON
SMALL PARTICLES OF
DUST/ SOLIDS IN THE AIR
CONDENSATIONWATER VAPOR
CHANGES
INTO LIQUID (need cold temp)
DEW POINTTEMPERATURE AT WHICH water vapor CONDENSES
Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm
Air Pressure & Weather
TEMPERATURE AND AIR PRESSURE
HEAT
Air molecules move faster and expand
less dense
LESS AIR PRESSURE Air RISES
What happens when air rises?
Low pressure generally means cloudy, rainy weather
Warm air rises, clouds form
High pressure generally means fair weather
Layer of Air
Warm, moist air cannot rise
=No clouds
Weather map
Low pressure system: Increased cloudiness, winds, higher temperatures, and chance of precipitation.
High Pressure System: Indicates clear, calm conditions with reduced chance of precipitation. DRY and COLDER air
Frost Formation
• Cold temperature causes water vapor (gas) to instantly freeze (solid)
• Skips liquid phase (never wet)
• Salt helped to make colder
Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm
When condensed water gathers into drops that are heavy enough, precipitation occurs
Cloud droplets
Snow
Ice
PRECIPITATION
Hurricanes/Typhoons/Cyclones &
Tornadoes
Hurricanes/typhoons/cyclones-what’s in a name?
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/
LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
HOW?
hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
in NORTH
H
H
H
H
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/04/28/severe.weather/index.html?hpt=T2http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/04/27/tornado.outbreak/index.html?hpt=T1Experts: Severe weather across South could set tornado record
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/04/28/us/map-of-the-tornadoes-across-the-south.html
Including yesterday's storm, there have been a whopping 800 reports of tornadoes in April, easily surpassing April 2003's all-time record of 543 twisters.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/20110428/ts_yblog_thelookout/watch-tuscaloosas-terrifying-tornado
Yahoo video clips
TornadoesSong:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=iOw6ONcKk4g