window coverings ceilings sun control faÇades...2010/04/15 · opening vent behind louvres...

WINDOW COVERINGS CEILINGS SUN CONTROL FAÇADES

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Task force Solar Shading started 2008

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Table of Contents

Terminology

Solar radiation

Effect of windows on indoor environment

Window systems

Energy effects of solar shading

How to choose a shading solution

Automating and integrating solar shading

Existing buildings

Double-skin facades

Maintenance of solar shading systems

Cases

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Reviewers

Prof. Jan Hensen, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

Prof. Mat Santamouris, University of Athens, Greece

Hervé Lamy, SNFPSA, Paris, France

Prof. Michael G Hutchins, Sonnergy Ltd, Abingdon, UK

Dr. Thanos Tzempelikos, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

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Table of Contents

Terminology

Solar radiation


Window systems




Existing buildings

Double-skin facades


Cases

Solar radiation

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Solar radiation

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Solar paths

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Solar irradiance on a façade (lat. 50 N, clear sky)

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Thermal comfort

Visual comfort

Acoustic comfort

Indoor air quality

Daylighting

Impact of productivity

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Thermal comfort

Air temperature

Radiant temperature

Operative temperature

Relation to office worker productivity

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Visual comfort

Contact with the outdoors

Absolute brightness

Luminance ratios

Color rendition

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Effect of good visual comfort

3.75% median productivity increase [CMU]

20 to 25% less health complaints [Hartkopf]

15% reduced absenteeism [Thayer]

10 to 25% better performance on test of mental function

20 to 26% faster progress of students [Heshong]

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Predicting visual comfort

Photo: Hunter Douglas

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Predicting visual comfort


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The economic impact of productivity

Window systems

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Glazing properties

Thermal transmittance U [W/m2K]

Light transmittance Tv [-]

g-value [-]

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Energy flows

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Convection loads

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Cooling loads – no shading

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Cooling load – exterior shading

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Surface temperature interior window pane under peak load conditions – no shading

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Surface temperature interior window pane under peak load conditions – exterior shading

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Influence of shading on lighting needs

Daylight illuminance in a south oriented office automatic Venetian blind @ 200 W/m2

Energy effects

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Orientation dependent energy balance of an office for

Stockholm

Amsterdam

Madrid

Three glazing types

Standard double glazing (U = 2.9 W/m2K)

Low-e (U = 1.2 W/m2K)

Solar control glazing (U = 1.1 W/m2K)

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Standard office

dimension 3.6 x 5 x 3 m

ventilation 1.5 dm3/m2s

infiltration 0.1 ACH

daylight dependent lighting 500 lx

max. internal load art. lighting 12 W/m2

internal loads people 10 W/m2

internal loads equipment 15 W/m2

thermostat cooling 25/30 ºC (8-18/otherwise)

thermostat heating 21/15 ºC (8-18/otherwise)

shading set point 200 W/m2

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Conversion to primary energy

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Stockholm – low-e glazing, no shading

Primary

Heating

Cooling

Lighting

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Stockholm – low-e glazing, with shading

Primary

Heating

Cooling

Lighting

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Stockholm – cooling load, low-e glazing, orientation: south

no shading

exterior shading

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Stockholm – cooling load reduction through shading

std. double

low-esolar ctrl

dotted: exterior shading

no shading

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Reduction in primary energy use for heating, cooling and lighting through shading

std. double

low-esolar ctrl

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Cost benefit analysis of solar shading

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The extra investment in solar shading as a function of glazing percentage

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Table of Contents

Terminology

Solar radiation


Window systems




Existing buildings

Double-skin facades


Cases

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Trafalgar House, Croydon


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Trafalgar House, CroydonConcrete Walls

Anti-Glare Blinds Internally

Rain Screen Cladding

Extract Duct

Exposed Concrete Slab

Radiators Supply Duct

Automatic opening vent behind louvres

Automatic opening window

Aerofoils

Concrete Walls

Anti-Glare Blinds Internally

Rain Screen Cladding

Extract Duct

Exposed Concrete Slab

Radiators Supply Duct

Automatic opening vent behind louvres

Automatic opening window

Aerofoils

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Central Plaza Brussels


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Allianz, Frankfurt am Main

Photo: Warema

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Allianz, Frankfurt am Main

Photo: Warema

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Mediathèque Marguerite Yourcenar

Photo:Dickson Constant

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Appendices

EU standards concerning shutters and blinds

Specification example

Matrix of responsibilities

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Acknowledgements

Ellen Kohl (Warema),

Maaike Berckmoes (Scheldebouw-Permasteelisa),

Risto Kosonen (Halton),

Bernard Gilmont (European Aluminium Association),

Maija Virta (Halton),

Prof. Dirk Saelens (Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium

Prof. Zoltan Magyar (University of Pécs, Hungary)

Foliennummer 1Task force Solar Shading started 2008Table of ContentsReviewersTable of ContentsSolar radiationSolar radiationSolar pathsSolar irradiance on a façade (lat. 50 N, clear sky)Solar irradiance on a façade (lat. 50 N, clear sky)Solar irradiance on a façade (lat. 50 N, clear sky)Solar irradiance on a façade (lat. 50 N, clear sky)Effect of windows on indoor environmentEffect of windows on indoor environmentThermal comfortVisual comfortEffect of good visual comfortPredicting visual comfortPredicting visual comfortThe economic impact of productivityWindow systemsGlazing propertiesEnergy flowsConvection loadsCooling loads – no shadingCooling load – exterior shadingSurface temperature interior window pane under peak load conditions – no shadingSurface temperature interior window pane under peak load conditions – exterior shadingInfluence of shading on lighting needsEnergy effectsEnergy effects of solar shading Standard officeConversion to primary energyStockholm – low-e glazing, no shadingStockholm – low-e glazing, with shadingStockholm – cooling load, low-e glazing, orientation: southStockholm – cooling load reduction through shadingReduction in primary energy use for heating, cooling and lighting through shadingCost benefit analysis of solar shadingThe extra investment in solar shading as a function of glazing percentageTable of ContentsCasesTrafalgar House, CroydonTrafalgar House, CroydonCentral Plaza BrusselsAllianz, Frankfurt am MainAllianz, Frankfurt am MainMediathèque Marguerite YourcenarAppendicesAcknowledgements

window coverings ceilings sun control faÇades...2010/04/15 · opening vent behind louvres...

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