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Wind EnergyA Renewable Source of Energy

Presentation BySanjana and Alekhya

2nd Year EEE DepartmentBVRIT Hyderabad

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Renewable Energy Energy is basically classified into 2 categories.

Renewable and Non Renewable.

Non Renewable sources are Coal, Petrol etc...

Renewable Sources are Solar, Biomass, Wind, Water etc…

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Wind Energy Outline History Context Working Advantages Site Selection Disadvantages Economics Improvement Future

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Wind Energy History 1200 to 1850

Golden era of windmills started in western Europe – 50,000

1850’s Multiblade turbines for water pumping made and

marketed in U.S

1850 – 1930 As many as 6,000,000 units installed in US Midwest

1936+ US Rural Electrification Administration extends the grid to

isolated rural sites. Grid Electricity rapidly displaced multiblade turbines

Wind Energy - What is it? All renewable energy (except tidal and

geothermal power), ultimately comes from the sun.

The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from the sun.

About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind energy (which is about 50-100 times more than the energy converted to biomass by all plants on earth). Differential heating of the earth’s surface and atmosphere induces vertical and

horizontal air currents that are affected by the earth’s rotation and contours of the land WIND.

Ex: Land Sea Breeze Cycle

Windmill Design

A Windmill captures wind energy and then uses a generator to convert it to electrical energy.

The design of a windmill is an integral part of how efficient it will be.

When designing a windmill, one must decide on the size of the turbine, and the size of the generator.

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Increasingly Significant Power Source

Wind could generate 6% of nation’s electricity by 2020.

Wind currently produces less than 1% of the nation’s power. Source: Energy Information Agency

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Advantages of Wind Power Environmental Benefits

Economic Development Benefits

Fuel Diversity & Conservation Benefits

Cost Stability Benefits

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Pollution from Electric Power

23%

28%

33%

34%

70%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Toxic Heavy Metals

Particulate Matter

Nitrous Oxides

Carbon Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide

Percentage of U.S. Emissions

Electric power is a primary source of industrial air pollution

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Density = P/(RxT) P - pressure (Pa) R - specific gas constant (287 J/kgK) T - air temperature (K)

= 1/2 x air density x swept rotor area x (wind speed)3

A V3

Area = r2 Instantaneous Speed(not mean speed)

kg/m3 m2 m/s

Power in the Wind (W/m2)

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Site SelectionTechnical Factors affecting site selection:

High Average annual wind speed

Low Cost of Construction

Close Distance from Utility line or customers

Prevailing wind Direction

Surface Roughness

Obstacle Height, Dis >5OH, OH, <0.5HH

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Disadvantages

Birds - A Serious Obstacle Noise Disturbances Cost of Wind Turbine Threat to Wildlife Wind Can Never Be

Predicted Suited To Particular Region Visual Impact

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Wind Energy Natural Characteristics Wind Speed

Height

Air density

Blade swept area

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Turbines Constantly Improving Larger turbines

Specialized blade design

Power electronics

Computer modeling Produces more efficient design

Manufacturing improvements

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Improved Capacity Factor Performance Improvements due to:

Better sitting Larger turbines/energy capture Technology Advances Higher reliability

Capacity factors > 35% at good sites

Examples (Year 2000) Big Spring, Texas

37% CF in first 9 months Springview, Nebraska

36% CF in first 9 months

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Expectations for Future Growth 20,000 total turbines installed by 2010

6% of electricity supply by 2020

India now ranks as a “wind superpower” having a net potential of about 45000 MW only from 13 identified states.

100,000 MW of wind power installed by 2020

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The Future of Wind - Offshore

• 1.5 - 6 MW per turbine• 60-120 m hub height• 5 km from shore, 30m deep ideal• Gravity foundation, pole, or tripod formation• Shaft can act as artificial reef• Drawbacks- T&D losses (underground cables lead to shore) and visual eye sore

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Ancient Resource Meets 21st Century

Thank you

Any Queries ??

Project Guide: COL Dr. SURENDRA Visionary Lighting and Energy INDIA Ltd.