Wind to Water

Presentation 2: Design Features

Overview

• Wind Energy Capture System• Power Transmission• Water Filtration• Overall System

Wind Energy Capture

• Savonius Roter– S-roter --Double-Hook

Source: Alexander et al, 1978Source: Modiet al, 1983

Wind Capture Cont. • Equations

Torque Tip speed ratio Angular velocity

Power delivered

Wind Capture Specifications

Rotor Height (m) 4.50Radius of Curvature, q (m) 0.90p (m, Figure 6) 0.36b (m, Figure 6) 0.55Cap Diameter (m) 3.78Extension Angle θ (degrees) 135Number of Rotors 2Estimated Efficiency 7.5%Power Delivered (W) 816Angular Velocity (RPM) 35Torque Delivered (N·m) 222.6Energy Collected (kJ) 8811Cut-In Speed (m/s) 2.5

Turbine Specifications

Turbine Specifications

Wind Capture Results

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00

CP

100·λ(Tip Speed Percentage)

A

B

C

D

E

00.05

0.10.15

0.20.25

0.30.35

0.40.45

0 20 40 60 80

CT

100·λ(Tip Speed Percentage)

A

B

C

D

E

Turbine (P:A )max (W/m2) η max (%)A 5.92 1.80B 6.81 2.07C 8.69 2.65D 22.96 6.08E 16.92 5.69

Rotor Performance

Photos

Power Transmission

Energy storage system

Power Transmission Cont.

Pulley system

Torque on weight arm

Power Transmission Cont.• Equations

Force of rope’s tension

Torque of joints

Upstroke Time

Max Arm Angle

Height of Weight

Water Filtration

• Reverse Osmosis System

RO schematic Spiral wound membrane

Cost SummaryCosts Unit Cost Quantity TotalRotor Material $1/sq ft 148.42 sq ft $196Shaft $2/ft 20 ft $36Plywood $0.30/sq ft 40 sq ft $13Rotor Frame $1.50/ft 221.78 ft $313Pulley System $250 1 $250Pump $50 2 $100GAC pretreatment Filter $23 1 $23RO Filter $290 1 $290Filter Housing $230 1 $230Piping $1.50/ft 15 $25Storage tank $120 1 $120Installation $12/hr 4 $48Land $58/acre 0.5 acres $30TOTAL CAPITAL

Annual Filter Replacement$290 (RO), $23(GAC) 1 RO, 2 GAC $340

Annual Pump Maintenance $12/hr 25 hours $300Annual Rope Replacement $0.1/ft 1000 ft $100

Miscellaneous Maintenance $12/hr 25 hours $300TOTAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCETOTAL ANNUAL COSTEXPECTED LIFETIMEANNUAL LIFETIME COSTANNUAL RESULTANT WATER COST --- 1000 L/day $0.003/L

Cost Summary

$1,040$2,71510 years$1,200

$1,675

References• Alexander, A. J., & Holownia, B. P. Wind tunnel tests on a savonius roter. Journal of Industrial

Aerodynamics, 1978, Retrieved January 24, 2009, from

https://wiki.duke.edu/download/attachments/13373206/Loughborough+report.pdf. • Modi, V. J., Roth, N. J., & Fernando, M.S. Optimum configuration studies and prototype

design of a wind-energy-operated irrigation system. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 16, Retrieved January 24, 2009

• “Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment” (2001). Water Systems. Retrieved January 19, 2009, from http://www.aquatechnology.net/reverse_osmosis.html

• Wagner, J. (2001). Membrane Filtration Handbook: Practical Tips and Hints (2nd ed.). Minnesota: Osmonics, Inc.