wills - paras book summary.pdf

8/21/2019 WILLS - PARAS BOOK SUMMARY.pdf

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SUCCESSION REVIEWER (4thYear : 2008-2009) Preparedby: a!!"e #$ Sar%&a

S%'re * Re+ere&e: N%te %+ ,tty$ "e.a&"e Ya&/ya&/-Epe%1 et're %+ ,tty$ "e.a&"e Ya&/ya&/-Epe% (a tra&r"bed by % ,&&e e.tra&3Ed"& ,&& '"er3 ar.a 5e.e3 Rey #ar O&d" a&d a!!"e Sar%&a)1 W".. a&d S'e"%& by Para

WILLS & SUCCESSION

TITLE IVSuccession

CHAPTER 1

General Provisions

ARTICLE 77! Succession " a 6%de %+ a7'""t"%& by"rt'e %+ h"h the pr%perty3 r"/ht a&d %b."/at"%& t% theete&t %+ the a.'e %+ the "&her"ta&e3 %+ a per%& aretra&6"tted thr%'/h h" death t% a&%ther %r %ther e"ther byh" ".. %r by %perat"%& %+ .a$ (&)

Succession " a der"at"e 6%de %+ a7'""t"%&

"ases o# Succession;$ Nat'ra. a2$ S%"%-e%&%6" p%t'.ate < pree&t ea.th +r%6be"&/ ta/&a&t=$ ,ttr"b'te %+ %&erh"p

>%re"/&er a& a7'"re .a&d "& the Ph"."pp"&e%&.y "& ae %+ $ere%iar' succession( h"h "'e"%& by %perat"%& %+ .a a&d &%t by a "..

)in%s o# SuccessionI$ As to effectivity:

a. Iner vivos *%onaion+< e++et"e d'r"&/ the."+et"6e %+ the per%&

b. ,oris causa *succession+ < e++et"e 'p%&the death %+ the per%&

I+ a deed " a d%&at"%&3 there are

erta"& +%r6a."t"e that 6't be %bered I+ a deed " 'e"%&3 the +%r6a."t"e".. be d"++ere&t$ I+ "t " a "..3 the per%&"&te&ded "t t% be a 'e"%& a&d the+%r6a."t"e ha.. %6p.y "th the +%r6a."t"e%+ a "..

- T'.es o# Will:i! Noarial Willii! Holo/ra.$ic Will

0 %isin/uis$in/ c$aracerisics o# a %onaionoris causa2;$ It %&ey &% t"t.e %r %&erh"p t% the tra&+ereebe+%re the death %+ the tra&+er%r1 %r hat a6%'&tt% the a6e th"&/: the tra&+er%r h%'.d reta"&%&erh"p (+'.. %r &a?ed) a&d %&tr%. %+ thepr%perty2$ e+%re h" death3 the tra&+er h%'.d bere%ab.e by the tra&+er%r at "..3 ad &'t'6 b'tre%ab"."ty 6ay be pr%"ded +%r "&d"ret.y by6ea& %+ a reered p%er "& the d%&%r t% d"p%e%+ the pr%pert"e %&eyed=$ @he tra&+er h%'.d be %"d "+ the tra&+er%rh%'.d 'r"e the tra&+eree

I+ thee = harater"t" are pree&t3 thed%'6e&t " &%t a deed %+ d%&at"%& b't rather3 "t "a "..$ It 6't %6p.y "th the +%r6a."t"e %+ a "..

II$ As to whether or not there is a will:a. Tesaenar' or Tesae Succession< "+ a

per%& .eae a "..

b. Inesae or Le/al Succession 3 "+ a per%&d"e "th%'t .ea"&/ a "..

III$ As to the transferee or the recipient of the property

a. Co.ulsor' succession or succession o$e le/iie< Part %+ pr%perty h"h a&&%tbe d"p%ed %+ t% a&yb%dy bea'e that p%rt"%&" reered t% h" %6p'.%ry he"r$

C%6p'.%ry he"r are the per%& h% a&&%tbe depr"ed %+ the"r "&her"ta&e re/ard.e %+the ".. %+ the"r deede&t$

b. Volunar' succession or $e successiono $e #ree .orion< I+ a per%& d"e3 h"etate ha.. be d""ded "&t% 2 part$ O&e part" the .e/"t"6e h"h " reered +%r h"

%6p'.%ry he"r a&d the %ther part " the+ree p%rt"%& h"h he a& /"e t% a&yb%dy

IV$ As to the extent of right and obligations involved:

a. Universal succession or succession 4' an$eir " the 'e"%& t% the '&"era."ty %rthe a."7'%t p%rt"%& %+ the etate %+ thedeede&t

b. Paricular succession h"h " 'e"%&t% the pe"+" p%rt"%& %+ the pr%perty %+ thedeede&t

c. Conracual succession happe& he&+'t're h'ba&d a&d "e /"e t% eah %ther"& the"r 6arr"a/e ett.e6e&t +'t're pr%perty3h"h ha.. be e++et"e 'p%& the"r death

d. 5rea6 succession " here there " t"..'e"%& ee& "th%'t the "&tere&"&/e++et %+ 'e"%&$ @h" happe& he& "& aderee %+ a&&'.6e&t %r eparat"%& %r &'.."ty%+ the 6arr"a/e3 the p%'e are %rdered t%de."er t% the"r h".dre& the"r pre'6pt"e.e/"t"6e$

ARTICLE 77$ I& th" @"t.e3 A%ece%enA " the /e&era.ter6 app."ed t% the per%& h%e pr%perty " tra&6"ttedthr%'/h 'e"%&3 hether %r &%t he .e+t a "..$ I+ he .e+t a"..3 he " a.% a..ed the tetat%r$ (&)

@he %ece%en " the per%& h% d"edhether %r &%t he .e+t a "..

@he esaor" the per%& h% d"ed h% .e+ta "..

ARTICLE 778! @he "&her"ta&e "&.'de a.. the pr%perty3r"/ht a&d %b."/at"%& %+ a per%& h"h are &%tet"&/'"hed by h" death$ (B9)

I&her"ta&e " d"++ere&t +r%6 'e"%&bea'e the .atter " a 6%de %+ a7'""t"%&3 by"rt'e %+ h"h the pr%perty3 r"/ht a&d%b."/at"%& are tra&6"tted$

Pr%perty3 a de+"&ed by .a3 6ay be 'bet%+ 'e"%& eept the +%..%"&/:

1. @h%e h"h are %'t"de the%66ere %+ 6e& %r h"h are &%t %&ed by6e& (res nullus)

2. @h%e h"h are %&ed byeery%&e (res communes)=$ @h%e h"h are pr%h"b"ted by.a4$ ,&y pr%perty h"h " &%tapab.e %+ appr%pr"at"%&

@he %&erh"p %+%r/a& 6ay be tra&+erred by d%&at"%& %r by "..$

Ee& "+ the +%r6a."t"e %+ the ".. are &%t %6p."ed"th3 a .%&/ a the d%&at"%& a 6ade "& /%%d+a"th3 the ".. %r d%&at"%& " &%t a."d$ It ha.. be/"e& e++et "&e the "6p%rta&t e.e6e&t " thatthe ".. a 6ade "& /%%d +a"th$

RIGHTSPurel' Personal Ri/$sDENER, RUE: It " &%t tra&6""b.e "&e "t "

et"&/'"hed by deathECEP@ION: It " tra&6""b.e:

,rt".e ;F= >a6".y C%de < @he at"%& t% .a"6.e/"t"6ay 6ay be br%'/ht by the h".d during


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his lifetime and shall be transmitted to the heirsshould the child die during minority or in a stateof insanity$ I& thee ae3 the he"r ha.. hae aper"%d %+ +"e year "th"& h"h t% "&t"t'te theat"%&$

Ea6p.e:- r"/ht t% pare&ta. a'th%r"ty- 6ar"ta. r"/ht- r"/ht %+ a Ch"&ee 6erha&t- r"/ht t% %te

Parionial ri/$s

@hee are r"/ht h"h re+ert% pr%perty

DENER, RUE: @ra&6""b.eEa6p.e: at"%& +%r +%r"b.e e&tryG'&.a+'.

deta"&erat"%& t% re%er pr%perty

ECEP@IONS:Et"&/'"hed by death a pr%"ded by .a %r

a/ree6e&t by the part"e (e$ a/e&y3 %66%dat'63%&trat %+ .eae)

O"LIGATIONS

DENER, RUE: @ra&6""b.eECEP@IONS:

;$ P're.y per%&a.

2. N%&-tra&+erab.e by .a

3. N%&-tra&+erab.e by %&trat %r a/ree6e&tbetee& the part"e$

Ea6p.e %+ %b."/at"%& et"&/'"hed by death:;$ Ob."/at"%& t% pay tae

2. Cr"6"&a. ."ab"."ty

3. R"/ht t% /"e 'pp%rt9e4s *- vie:s+

;$ N%t tra&6""b.e "&e "t " at'a..y the etate%+ the deeaed h"h pay the debt

2$ @ra&6""b.e bea'e the hare %+ the he"rare red'ed by the pay6e&t %+ the debt(pre+erred "e)

ARTICLE 777$ @he r"/ht t% the 'e"%& are tra&6"tted+r%6 the 6%6e&t %+ the death %+ the deede&t$ (BFa)

5eath " a %&d"t"%& +%rthe tra&6""%& %+ a r"/ht by 'e"%&$

Wh".e y%'r pare&t aret".. a."e3 the"r pr%pert"e are t".. %&ed by the6$What y%' hae " 6ere.y a& inc$oae ri/$ %r a&e;.ecanc'$ It " &%t a& ab%.'te r"/ht$

Con%iions #or $e ransission o# a successionalri/$2;$ @here h%'.d be death (at'a. %r pre'6ed) %+ the

tra&+er%r2$ @he r"/ht %r pr%pert"e are tra&6""b.e=$ @he tra&+eree " a."e

Presue% 9ea$

U&der %rd"&ary "r'6ta&e3 ;0 year

,+ter the a/e %+ F3 yearI& thee 2 "&ta&e3 the 6%6e&t %+ death

" re?%&ed a+ter %r ;0 year3 h"heer "app."ab.e$

U&der etra%rd"&ary "r'6ta&e3 4year

I& th" "&ta&e3 the 6%6e&t %+ death "re?%&ed

+r%6 the 6%6e&t %+ d"appeara&e$

,R@ICE =90 (Ne C"". C%de)$ ,+ter a& abe&e %+ee& year3 "t be"&/ '&?&%& hether %r &%t theabe&tee t".. ."e3 he ha.. be pre'6ed dead +%r a..p'rp%e3 eept +%r th%e %+ 'e"%&$

@he abe&tee ha.. &%t be pre'6ed dead +%rthe p'rp%e %+ %pe&"&/ h" 'e"%& t".. a+ter a&abe&e %+ te& year$ I+ he d"appeared a+ter the a/e

%+ ee&ty-+"e year3 a& abe&e %+ +"e yearha.. be '++""e&t "& %rder that h" 'e"%& 6aybe %pe&ed$ (&),R@ICE =9; (Ne C"". C%de)$ @he +%..%"&/ ha..be pre'6ed dead +%r a.. p'rp%e3 "&.'d"&/ thed"""%& %+ the etate a6%&/ the he"r:(;) , per%& %& b%ard a ee. .%t d'r"&/ a ea%ya/e3 %r a& aer%p.a&e h"h " 6""&/3 h% ha

&%t bee& heard %+ +%r +%'r year "&e the .% %+the ee. %r aer%p.a&e1(2) , per%& "& the ar6ed +%re h% ha ta?e&part "& ar3 a&d ha bee& 6""&/ +%r +%'r year1(=) , per%& h% ha bee& "& da&/er %+ death'&der %ther "r'6ta&e a&d h" e"te&e ha&%t bee& ?&%& +%r +%'r year$ (&)

,R@ICE 4= (Ne C"". C%de)$ I+ there " a d%'bt3a betee& t% %r 6%re per%& h% are a..ed t%'eed eah %ther3 a t% h"h %+ the6 d"ed +"rt3h%eer a..e/e the death %+ %&e pr"%r t% the%ther3 ha.. pr%e the a6e1 "& the abe&e %+pr%%+3 "t " pre'6ed that they d"ed at the a6et"6e a&d there ha.. be &% tra&6""%& %+ r"/ht+r%6 %&e t% the %ther$ (==)

I+ there are "r'6ta&e h"h p%"&t t% thet"6e %+ the at'a. death %+ the per%&3 the&3that t"6e here"& there " pr%%+ h%'.d be+.%ed a&d &%t the pre'6pt"%&$

I& the%ry3 the he"r a& "66ed"ate.y d"p%e%+ the"r pr%pert"e he& the deede&t d"ebea'e %+ ,rt".e FFF$ 't "& rea."ty3 y%' a&&%t"&e the ".. ha t% be pr%bated +"rt$

I+ y%' are the %.e he"r3 a.. y%' hae t% d% "ee'te a& ,++"da"t %+ Se.+-,d'd"at"%& a&d+%..% the pr%e pr%"ded by .a

I+ there " 6%re tha& %&e he"r3 they 6ay

ee'te a&d Etra'd""a. ett.e6e&t a6%&/the6e.e a&d +%..% the pr%e pr%"ded by.a

ARTICLE 77 SUCCESSION

1. @ES@,#EN@,RY SUCCESSION IS PRE>ERRE5OVER IN@ES@,@E SUCCESSION

Whe& there " a "..3 the ".. ha t% '&der/%pr%bate$ Pr%bate " a pr%eed"&/ here"& y%'deter6"&e hether %r &%t the ".. a a."d.yee'ted a&d hether %r &%t the ".. aee'ted by per%& h% ha teta6e&taryapa"ty$

@here " &% prer"pt"e per"%d "& the pr%bate%+ ".. a .%&/ a there " a "..$

2. 5OU@S #US@ E RESOVE5 IN >,VOR O>@ES@,CY

I+ there " d%'bt a t% the a."d"ty %+ a "..3 the"&terpretat"%& here"& the ".. " /"e& e++eth%'.d be pre+erred$

Le/al or Inesae Succession;$ @here " &% "..2$ @he ".. " &%t a."d at a..


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ARTICLE 7


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;$ It " tr"t.y a per%&a. atIt a&&%t be de.e/ated t% a th"rd per%&$ @he

d"p%"t"%& %+ the ".. h%'.d be the d"p%"t"%& %+ theper%&$ S"&e "t " per%&a.3 "..-6a?"&/ ha.. &%t be6ade "& p'b."$ Ee& "+ a ".. " a?&%.ed/ed be+%rea &%tary p'b."3 a ".. " &%t a p'b." d%'6e&t$ Ee&a &%tary p'b." " &%t re7'"red t% ?eep a %py %+ the

"..$2$ @here 6't be a&"6' teta&d" ("&te&t t% 6a?e a"..)

O&e h%'.d ?&% that the e++et %+ 'hd%'6e&t " t% tra&+er %&e pr%pert"e t% apart"'.ar per%& 6e&t"%&ed "& the d%'6e&t$

=$@he 6a?"&/ %+ a ".. " a tat't%ry r"/ht3 &%t a &at'ra.r"/ht

4$It " a %.e6& %r +%r6a. at>%r the ".. t% be a."d3 eah +%r6 ha.. %6p.y

"th the r'.e prer"bed by the Ne C"". C%de$$It " a '&".atera. at

@he tetat%r a&&%t %&d"t"%& the a."d"ty %+ h"".. 'p%& the %&e&t %+ a&%ther$

B$@he tetat%r 6't be apa"tated t% 6a?e a "..

F$It " +ree +r%6 "t"ated %&e&t8$It " ee&t"a..y re%ab.e a&d a6b'.at%ry9$It " a& "&d""d'a. at3 a d"t"&/'"hed +r%6 a %"&t at

@he ".. 6't %&ta"& the at %+ %&.y %&eper%&$ %"&t ".. are pr%h"b"ted$

;0$ It d"p%e %+ the tetat%r etate "& a%rda&e t%h" "he

;;$ It " e++et"e 6%rt" a'a

ARTICLE 7


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4$ Whe& 2 %r 6%re th"&/Gpr%pert"e 6eet theder"pt"%&

Ho: o resolve $e a4i/uiies

1. Inrinsic Evi%ence < Y%' 're the a6b"/'"tyby ea6"&"&/ the "..$ Y%' ea6"&e the %rd'ed "& the "..$

2. E;rinsic Evi%enceDEvi%ence Aliun%e < re+er t% the+%r6 a&d %.e6&"t"e a&d the +%r6a."t"e that haet% be %&+%r6ed a&d %6p."ed "th "& the ee't"%&%+ the "..$

-! INTRINSIC VALI9IT> < re+er t% the .e/a."t"e %+the pr%""%& %+ "..$

EBTRINSIC VALI9IT>

,R@ICE ;F NEW CIVI CO5E$ @he +%r6 a&d%.e6&"t"e %+ %&trat3 "..3 a&d %ther p'b.""&tr'6e&t ha.. be /%er&ed by the .a %+ the%'&try "& h"h they are ee'ted$

Whe& the at re+erred t% are ee'ted be+%rethe d"p.%6at" %r %&'.ar %++""a. %+ the Rep'b."%+ the Ph"."pp"&e "& a +%re"/& %'&try3 the%.e6&"t"e etab."hed by Ph"."pp"&e .a ha.. be%bered "& the"r ee't"%&$

Pr%h"b"t"e .a %&er&"&/ per%&3 the"r at%r pr%perty3 a&d th%e h"h hae +%r the"r %betp'b." %rder3 p'b." p%."y a&d /%%d 't%6 ha..&%t be re&dered "&e++et"e by .a %r 'd/6e&t


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pr%6'./ated3 %r by deter6"&at"%& %r %&e&t"%&a/reed 'p%& "& a +%re"/& %'&try$ (;;a)

E;rinsic Vali%i' can 4e vie:e% #ro - .oins2a! Vie:.oin o# TI,E< the etr"&" a."d"ty %+ a "..depe&d 'p%& the %bera&e %+ the .a e&+%red atthe t"6e the ".. " 6ade3&%t at the t"6e %+ death a&d

&%t at the t"6e %+ pr%bate$ @etat%r a&&%t p%"b.ya&d " &%t epeted t% ?&% hat .a ".. /%er& "&the +'t're$4$ Vie:.oin o# PLACEDCOUNTR>

"$ @etat%r " a >"."p"&% h%ee'te a ".. "& the Ph"."pp"&e "de"%66"ary 'bt"t't"%& < ,rt".e8B=)

Pur.oses o# su4siuion

1. @% a%"d "&tetate 'e"%&2$ @% pree&t the dee&t %+ the etate%+ the tetat%r t% h%6 the tetat%r d%e &%t

a&t t% 'eed h"6 "& h" pr%perty hether byr"/ht %+ repree&tat"%&3 %r by r"/ht %+ aret"%& %rby r"/ht %+ "&tetate 'e"%&=$ @% a..% the tetat%r /reater +reed%6t% he.p %r reard th%e h% by rea%& %+er"e re&dered are 6%re %rthy %+ h"a++et"%& a&d deer"&/ %+ h" b%'&ty tha&"&tetate he"r4$ @% e&ab.e the tetat%r t% 6a?earra&/e6e&t +%r h" 'e"%& "& the 6a&&er6%t %&e&"e&t +%r h"6

5. @% rea."!e %6e h%&%rab.e p'rp%e %+the tetat%r ."?e the 6a"&te&a&e %+ the pr%perty"th"& h" pr%perty bea'e "& 'bt"t't"%&3 the

tetat%r t% %6e ete&t 6ay preere thepr%perty "th"& the %&+"&e %+ h" %&"66ed"ate +a6".y a&d pree&t the etate +r%6dee&d"&/ t% the %ther .e/a. he"r ."?e thebr%ther %r "ter

Y%' a& hae a 'bt"t'te +%r a .e/atee %rde"ee bea'e ,rt".e 8F app."e t% the +reep%rt"%& a&d &%t t% the .e/"t"6e

ARTICLE

Re"pr%a. < ,rt".e 8B;

>"de"%66"ary < ,rt".e 8B=

ARTICLE


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"RIE5 SU"STITUTION" he& 2 %r 6%re per%&6ay be 'bt"t'ted +%r %&e he"r (p.'ra."ty %+'bt"t'te)

CO,PEN9IOUS SU"STITUTION " he& 2 %r6%re he"r are "&t"t'ted a&d %&e " app%"&ted a'bt"t'te +%r a.. he"r %r"/"&a..y "&t"t'ted$ (p.'ra."ty

%+ per%& 'bt"t'ted) 't "& %6pe&d"%' 'bt"t't"%&3 the 'bt"t'te "

+%r , the he"r$ @he 'bt"t'te "&her"t "+ a.. thehe"r d"e ahead %+ the tetat%r3 re&%'&e the"&her"ta&e %r be%6e "&apa"tated$

I+ %&.y %&e d"e3 re&%'&e %r " "&apa"tated3 the%&ept %+ accreion " app."ed '&.e there arerepree&tat"e

ARTICLE


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- vie:s as o :$a Fone %e/ree eans2a$ S%6e a'th%r"t"e be+%re "&terpreted%&e de/ree a %&e tra&+er$

b. ater %&3 "t a .ar"+"ed thatde/ree 6ea& /e&erat"%&$ O&e de/ree 6ea&%&e /e&erat"%& apart$ @he ;the"r a&d the 2&d

he"r 6't &%t be bey%&d %&e de/ree %r %&e/e&erat"%& apart$ Y%' %'&t %&e /e&erat"%&+r%6 the +"rt he"r &%t +r%6 the tetat%r$ @he 2&d

he"r 6't e"ther be h".d %r a pare&t %+ the +"rthe"r$

@here " %&.y +"de"%66"ary 'bt"t't"%&"& &at'ra. per%&

@here a& be &% +"de"%66"ary'bt"t't"%& "& 'r"d"a. per%& bea'e there" &% /e&erat"%& t% pea? %+ he& "t %6e t%'r"d"a. per%&

! "o$ o# $e 1s$eir an% $e -n%$eir us 4e

livin/ a $e ie o# $e %ea$ o# $e esaoror a leas conceive%!

,R@ICE 4; NEW CIVI CO5E$ >%r "".p'rp%e3 the +%et' " %&"dered b%r& "+ "t " a."eat the t"6e "t " %6p.ete.y de."ered +r%6 the6%therK %6b$ H%eer3 "+ the +%et' had a&"&tra-'ter"&e ."+e %+ .e tha& ee& 6%&th3 "t "&%t dee6ed b%r& "+ "t d"e "th"& te&ty-+%'r h%'ra+ter "t %6p.ete de."ery +r%6 the 6ater&a.%6b$ (=0a)

ARTICLE


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(4) Those which leave to a person the whole or part ofthe hereditary property in order that he may applyor invest the same according to secret instructionscommunicated to him by the testator

@h" " &%t a..%ed bea'e e d% &%t ?&%hat ere the "&tr't"%& 6ade by thetetat%r t% 'h per%&

ARTICLE

I+ the +"de"%66"ary 'bt"t't"%& " &%t a."dbea'e the %b."/at"%& t% preere a&d tra&6"tere &%t epre.y 6ade %r bea'e the e%&dhe"r d"e ahead %+ the tetat%r3 there " &% 6%re+"de"%66"ary 'bt"t't"%&$ @he +"rt he"r ".. t"../et the pr%perty$ It be%6e a "6p.e 'bt"t't"%&$

ARTICLE


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@he .e/"t"6e h%'.d &%t be "6pa"red

@here " %&.y %&e pr%h"b"t"%& h"h a& be "6p%ed'p%& the .e/"t"6e a&d that "3 the tetat%r a&a."d.y pr%"de that the .e/"t"6e h%'.d &%t bepart"t"%&edGd""ded +%r a per"%d &%t eeed"&/ 20year$ ,.th%'/h "t " &%t rea..y %&"dered a&"6pa"r6e&t bea'e the pr%pert"e are t"..

pr%pert"e %+ the %6p'.%ry he"r a.th%'/h theyha.. &%t d""de the pr%pert"e +%r 6%re tha& 20year$

ARTICLE


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,rt".e 8FF ta.? ab%'t casual %r i;e% con%iion

CASUAL CON9ITION " a %&d"t"%& h"h depe&d'p%& ha&e a&dG%r 'p%& the ".. %+ a th"rd per%&

,IBE9 CON9ITION " a %&d"t"%& h"h depe&d'p%&

;$ the ".. %+ the he"r ,N5

'p%& ha&e1 %r2. the ".. %+ the he"r ,N5'p%& the ".. %+ a =rdper%&

Ea6p.e %+ a 6"ed a&d a'a. %&d"t"%&: LIhereby /"e t% , 6y ee.ry pr%"ded that , "..bear a h".dM

@here 6't be at'a. %r tr"t %6p."a&e bea'eby 'b%rd"&at"&/ the %&d"t"%& 'p%& ha&e3 thetetat%r pre'6ab.y d"d &%t tr't the he"r e&%'/h

ARTICLE @HE >U>I#EN@ O> @HE CON5I@ION$ S%3at the t"6e %+ the +'.+"..6e&t %+ the %&d"t"%& he&

the he"r " a.ready dead the&3 there " &% r"/ht t%pea? %+$

@he tetat%r a& "&t"t'te a& he"r 'bet t% are%.'t%ry ter6 bea'e the .a d%e &%t pr%h"b"t "t

ARTICLE


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tetat%r3 %r the har/e "6p%ed by h"63 ha.. &%t be%&"dered a a %&d"t"%& '&.e "t appear that'h a h" "&te&t"%&$

I+ the he"r d%e &%t %6p.y "th the %bet %r theattetat"%& a&d the p'rp%e %+ the "&t"t't"%&3 thehe"r +%r+e"t the "&her"ta&e

I+ the "&t"t't"%& " 'bet t% a 6%de3 the he"r"66ed"ate.y e&%y the pr%perty

@he he"r " re7'"red t% +'r&"h a e'r"ty % that he".. d% hat ha bee& "6p%ed by the tetat%r

I+ there " d%'bt a t% hether the "&t"t't"%& " a6%de %r %&d"t"%&3 "t " re%.ed "& +a%r %+ a 6%debea'e e hae t% %&"der that the rea. rea%& "&the "&t"t't"%& " the ."bera."ty %+ the tetat%r

,%rd"&/ t% Para3 "+ there " a d%'bt a t% hether"t " a 6%de %r a '//et"%&3 "t " %&"dered a a'//et"%& bea'e "t " .e b'rde&%6e

,O9E CON9ITION@h" re+er t%:

a$ the %bet %+ the"&t"t't"%&1b$ the app."at"%& %+the pr%perty1 a&d$ har/e

I+ "t re+er t% %ther

th"&/3 y%' a& ay thatthey are %&d"t"%&$

He"r "66ed"ate.y e&%ythe pr%perty 'p%& thedeath %+ the tetat%r3pr%"ded he ha +'r&"hede'r"ty

He"r d% &%t e&%y thepr%perty a+ter the death%+ the tetat%r b't %&.y'p%& the +'.+"..6e&t %+the %&d"t"%&

It " %b."/at%ry 'p%& the

"&t"t'ted he"r a&d %3 heha t% %6p.y "th the%bet %+ the "&t"t't"%& %rthe b'rde& "6p%ed bythe tetat%r$ @he +a".'ret% d% % %'.d re'.t "&the +%r+e"t're %+ the"&her"ta&e

It " &%t %b."/at%ry 'p%&

the part %+ the he"rbea'e the %&d"t"%&6ay %r 6ay &%t happe&

Whe& y%' are "& d%'bt3treat the a6e a a 6%debea'e he& there " a%&d"t"%&3 the b'rde& "hea"er$ , 6%de 6ere.y%b."/ate b't d%e &%t'pe&d$

't "+ the %&d"t"%&happe&3 the b'rde& "hea"er bea'e a%&d"t"%& %b."/ate ,N5'pe&d$

ARTICLE


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SECTION Le/iie

Si.ler Ta4le o# Le/iie *#ro $e 4oo6 o#Paras+

I..e/"t"6ate Ch".dre& < ;G=

S'r""&/ Sp%'e < ;G=

I..e/"t"6ate Pare&t <

I..e/"t"6ate h".dre& < S'r""&/ Sp%'e < ;G8e/"t"6ate Pare&t <

S'r""&/ Sp%'e < 3;G=3

I..e/"t"6ate Ch".dre& < e/"t"6ate Pare&t <

e/"t"6ate Ch".d a.%&e CONS,NDUINI@Y +r%6 the dee&da&t pr%p%"t'$Up%& the happe&"&/ %+ th" re%.'t%ry %&d"t"%&3the %&erh"p %+ the reer%r " et"&/'"hed$

't the d"p%"t"%& a/a"& " a.% 'bet t% there%.'t%ry %&d"t"%& that 'p%& the death %+ thereer%r (ae&da&t)3 "+ there are .""&/reeree3 the& the e++et %+ the a."e&at"%&be%6e "&e++et"e$

I+ the reer%r %.d the pr%perty t% a th"rd

per%&3 the %b."/at"%& %+ the reer%r3 "+ "t " aper%&a. pr%perty3 " &%t t% ret'r& b't the etate%+ the reer%r 6't pay the a.'e t% thereeree$

I+ hat a %.d a a rea. pr%perty3 "+ the = rd

party " NO@ "&&%e&t3 a 'h that he ?&% thatthe pr%perty " 'bet t% the reere tr%&a.3the& that =rd party " %b."/ed t% ret'r& thepr%pert"e t% the reeree$

't "+ the =rdparty " a& "&&%e&t p'rhaer %r"&&%e&t 6%rt/a/%r3 the& the r"/ht %+ thereeree %&"t %+ de6a&d"&/ pay6e&t +r%6the etate %+ the reer%r %r de6a&d"&/ pay6e&t+r%6 the ,'ra&e >'&d '&der the a&d

Re/"trat"%& ,'th%r"ty$

O4li/aions o# $e reservor %urin/ $esu4sisence o# $e reserve2

1. @he reer%r 6't 6a?e a& "&e&t%ry %+ thepr%perty ree"ed by %perat"%& %+ .a +r%6the dee&da&t1

2$ He 6't re/"ter the "&e&t%ry "th theRe/"try %+ Pr%perty1

3. I+ the pr%perty ree"ed +r%6 the dee&da&t" Rea. pr%perty3 the& the reer%r ha the%b."/at"%& t% +'r&"h a b%&d3 6%rt/a/e %re'r"ty t% "&'re the a+e de."ery %+ thepr%perty t% the reeree h% 6"/ht be .""&/

at the t"6e %+ the death %+ the reer%r14. I+ the rea. pr%perty " a.ready re/"tered3 the&the reer%r " %b."/ed t% a&&%tate thereere$ He 6't d% th" "th"& 90 day +r%6the t"6e he ree"ed the pr%perty +r%6 thedee&da&t %r +r%6 the t"6e the %'rt 6a?ea de""%& that the reer%r " e&t"t.ed t%ree"e the pr%perty$ I+ the reer%r d%e &%t6a?e the a&&%tat"%&3 the& the reereehae the r"/ht t% +".e a& at"%& t% %6pe. thereer%r t% 6a?e the a&&%tat"%& b't they6't a"t a+ter the .ape %+ 90 day$ @hea&&%tat"%& "te.+ " '++""e&t pr%tet"%& %r "+there " &% a&&%tat"%&3 b%&d3 e'r"ty3 %r6%rt/a/e 6't be +'r&"hed$

5. @he reer%r a.% 6't &%t 'bt"t'te thepr%perty "th a&%ther$ @he a6e pr%pertyree"ed +r%6 the %r"/"& a&d +r%6 thedee&da&t 6't be a6e pr%pert"e t% be/"e& t% the reeree&xceptions:

1. I+ the pr%perty " %.d t% the "&&%e&tp'rhaer +%r a.'e3 "& e++et the%b."/at"%& %+ the reer%r " 'bt"t'ted"th the %b."/at"%& t% pay 6%&ey t%reere1


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2. I+ the pr%perty " .%t %r detr%yed "th%'tthe +a'.t %+ the reer%r3 the& the %b."/at"%&" et"&/'"hed$

@he reeree 6ay "&tere&e "& the.a&d re/"trat"%& pr%eed"&/ &%t +%r the p'rp%e %+%pp%"&/ the re/"trat"%& b't +%r the p'rp%e %+ha"&/ the"r .a"6 t% the reera be"&/ a&&%tatedt% the t"t.e

I+ the reeree d"d &%t "&tere&e "& thea"d pr%eed"&/3 "th"& ; year3 they a& +".e +%r are"e %+ deree %+ re/"trat"%& % that they a&a'e the a&&%tat"%& there%+$ 't they a& &%.%&/er d% % bey%&d the ;-year per"%d "+ thep'rhaer " "&&%e&t$ I+ the p'rhaer " &%t"&&%e&t3 the ;-year per"%d d%e &%t app.y$ @hep'rhaer 6ay t".. be %b."/ed t% ret'r& thepr%perty bea'e ?&%.ed/e " e7'"a.e&t t%re/"trat"%&$

RESERVEES

Reservees are =rd de/ree re.at"e %+ thepr%p%"t'$

Up%& the death %+ the reer%r3 "+ there are t"..re.at"e "th"& the =rd de/ree %+ the pr%p%"t'h% are t".. .""&/3 the& the %&erh"p %+ thereer%r " et"&/'"hed a&d the pr%perty ".. &%/% t% the reeree$

@he reeree "&her"t +r%6 the pr%p%"t'3 &%t+r%6 the reer%r$ @he reer%r " at'a..y a%&d"t"%&a. he"r %+ the pr%p%"t'$

@he reeree a.ready hae r"/ht t% thepr%perty b't the"r "&her"ta&e " 'bet t% the%&d"t"%& that they 6't be .""&/ at the t"6e %+ thedeath %+ the reer%r$

5'r"&/ the ."+et"6e %+ the reer%r thereeree a& %6pe. the reer%r t% +'r&"h b%&d3e'r"ty3 6%rt/a/e %r t% a&&%tate the reerabea'e they a.ready "&her"t 'h pr%pertya.th%'/h %&d"t"%&a.$ 't the r"/ht %+ at"%& %+ thereeree %66e&e %&.y +r%6 the death %+ thereer%r$ , .%&/ a the reer%r " a."e3 "+ thereer%r e.. the pr%perty t% the =rd per%&3 thereeree a&&%t "6p'/& the a.e 6ade by thereer%r$ @hey %&.y hae the r"/ht t% de6a&d thatthe reer%r a&&%tate the reera %r that thereer%r /"e e'r"ty3 b%&d %r 6%rt/a/e$

Reeree a& e.. the pr%perty the6e.eee& "+ the reer%r " t".. a."e$

@h" " &%t a ae %+ +'t're "&her"ta&e bea'ethe reeree "&her"t &%t +r%6 the reer%r b't +r%6the pr%p%"t'$ @h" " a ae %+ a.e %+ +'t'repr%perty %r e6pt"% re" peratae$ @he a.e %+ +'t'repr%perty " a."d 'bet t% the %&d"t"%& that "th%'.d e"t$

,R@ICE ;4B; NEW CIVI CO5E$ @h"&/ ha"&/ ap%te&t"a. e"te&e 6ay be the %bet %+ the%&trat %+ a.e$

@he e++"ay %+ the a.e %+ a 6ere h%pe %repeta&y " dee6ed 'bet t% the %&d"t"%& thatthe th"&/ ".. %6e "&t% e"te&e$

@he a.e %+ a a"& h%pe %r epeta&y " %"d$(&)

Ho: o 6no: $a a relaive is :i$in 1s( -n%or 0r%

%e/ree;tde/ree: pare&t32&dde/ree: /ra&dpare&t3 br%ther a&d "ter=rdde/ree: /reat /ra&dpare&t3 '&.e a&d

a'&t3 &ephe a&d &"ee

Collaeral relaives are '&.e * a'&t3br%ther * "ter3 &ephe * &"ee

Relaives in $e %irec line are pare&t3/ra&dpare&t a&d the /reat /ra&dpare&t

Reera tr%&a. deter6"&e %&.y a .a %+re.at"e h% %'.d be e&t"t.ed t% the pr%pertya+ter the death %+ the tetat%r$ 't a t% h% "..pe"+"a..y be e&t"t.ed t% the pr%perty3 +%..% ther'.e %& .e/a. %r "&tetate 'e"%&

I& .e/a. %r "&tetate 'e"%&3 the &earer

re.at"e e.'de the +arther$ @h%e h% are "&the dee&d"&/ ."&e are +a%red tha& th%e h%are "& the ae&d"&/ ."&e$ ,&d th%e h% are "&the d"ret ."&e are +a%red %ther tha& th%e h%are "& the %..atera. ."&e$

T$e o4li/aion o# $e reservors esae u.on $is%ea$ i# $e .ro.er' %eerioraes inclu%es:

;$ re"6b're the reeree +%r the a.'e %+ thedeter"%rat"%& +r%6 the e'r"ty +'r&"hed bythe reer%r1 %r

2$ .a"6 re"6b're6e&t +r%6 the etate %+ thereer%r$

- $eories on $e value o# $e reserva2

1. U&der the the%ry %+ RESERVA ,ABI,A3 a..that a& be e6braed %r "&.'ded "& the .e/"t"6eha.. be %&"dered a reerab.e pr%perty$

2. U&der the the%ry %+ RESERVA ,INI,A3 %&.yH,> %+ the pr%perty ree"ed +r%6 the %r"/"& t%the dee&da&t " tra&+erred t% the ae&da&treer%r a .e/"t"6e$

Ea6p.e: Pr%p%"t' "&her"t a .a&d %rth P003000$Up%& h" death3 he a.% ha P ;# %rth %+ pr%pert"ea"de +r%6 the P 003000$@he dee&da&t pr%p%"t'ha &% "'e a&d th'3 a.. h" pr%pert"e ".. /% t% h"+ather (ae&da&t)$ @he dee&da&t 6ade a "../""&/ a.. h" pr%pert"e t% h" +ather$ I+ the +ather ha&% %ther pr%pert"e3 h% 6'h h%'.d be the a.'e %+the pr%pert"e a6e +r%6 the pr%p%"t' h%'.d thereer%r (+ather) reere "& +a%r %+ the reeree

@he .e/"t"6e %+ the ae&da&t " PF030003h"h " +r%6 P ;$ # d""ded by 2$ U&der thethe%ry %+ reserve a;ia3 the reerab.epr%perty " that h"h a& be e6braed "& the.e/"t"6e$ , 'h3 the e&t"re P 003000 "reerab.e bea'e "t a& be e6braed "& theh%.e .e/"t"6e %rth P F03000$ O't %+ the.e/"t"6e3 P 003000 " reerab.e a&d P203000 " pr%perty %&ed by the dee&da&t$

U&der the the%ry %+ reserva inia3 %&.y

ha.+ %+ the pr%perty ree"ed +r%6 the %r"/"& t%the dee&da&t " reerab.e$ S%3 ha.+ %+ P003000 a&d ha.+ %+ P ;# ".. be part %+ the.e/"t"6e3 h"h " e7'a. t% P F03000$ @h'3 thereerab.e pr%perty " %&.y P 2030003 h"h "ha.+ %+ the pr%perty ree"ed +r%6 the %r"/"& t%the dee&da&t$

Ea6p.e: Pr%p%"t' "&her"t a .a&d %rth P ;#$Up%& h" death3 he a.% ha P 00300 %rth %+pr%pert"e a"de +r%6 the P ;#$@he dee&da&tpr%p%"t' ha &% "'e a&d th'3 a.. h" pr%pert"e".. /% t% h" +ather (ae&da&t)$ @he dee&da&t6ade a ".. /""&/ a.. h" pr%pert"e t% h" +ather$ I+the +ather ha &% %ther pr%pert"e3 h% 6'h h%'.d

be the a.'e %+ the pr%pert"e a6e +r%6 thepr%p%"t' h%'.d the reer%r (+ather) reere "&+a%r %+ the reeree

@he .e/"t"6e %+ the ae&da&t " PF030003h"h " +r%6 P ;$ # d""ded by 2$ U&der thethe%ry %+ reserve a;ia3 the reerab.epr%perty " that h"h a& be e6braed "& the.e/"t"6e$ , 'h3 %&.y P F03000 " reerab.ebea'e "t " %&.y 'p t% 'h a6%'&t that a& bee6braed "& the h%.e .e/"t"6e %rth P F03000$


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U&der the the%ry %+ reserva inia3 %&.y ha.+%+ the pr%perty ree"ed +r%6 the %r"/"& t% thedee&da&t " reerab.e$ S%3 ha.+ %+ P ;# a&d ha.+%+ P 00300 ".. be part %+ the .e/"t"6e3 h"h "e7'a. t% P F03000$ @h'3 the reerab.e pr%perty "%&.y P 0030003 h"h " ha.+ %+ the pr%pertyree"ed +r%6 the %r"/"& t% the dee&da&t$

@he reera 6a"6a the%ry " 6%re "& ?eep"&/"th ,rt".e 89;$ Reera 6"&"6a " 6%re "&?eep"&/ "th e7'"ty a&d 't"e$ W$a is #ollo:e%is reserva inia$

I+ there " &% "..:

@he e&t"re pr%perty h"h a6e +r%6 the %therae&da&t " reerab.e bea'e the e&t"repr%perty a tra&+erred t% the ae&da&t by%perat"%& %+ .a bea'e there " &% "..$ S%3 thee&t"re P 003000 " reerab.e +r%6 the +"rtea6p.e a&d the e&t"re P ;# " reerab.e +r%6 the

e%&d ea6p.e "+ there a &% "..$ Whe& there " a "..3 %&.y that part h"h%rrep%&d t% the .e/"t"6e " tra&+erred by%perat"%& %+ .a$

't "+ there " &% ".. the& eeryth"&/ "reerab.e

Ho: is reserva a;ia e;in/uis$e%

1. Up%& the death %+ reer%"r

2. Up%& the death %+ , the %'.d-be reereeahead %+ the reer%"r

3. Up%& the .% %+ the reerab.e pr%pert"e"th%'t the +a'.t %r &e/."/e&e %+ the reer%"r

4. Up%& prer"pt"%& < ,dere p%e"%& aa/a"&t reeree by the reer%"r %r a tra&/er %+the reerab.e pr%perty a +ree +r%6 reera +%r =0year "+ "t " a rea. pr%perty a&d 8 year "+ "t " aper%&a. pr%perty$ I& %rder +%r prer"pt"%& t% r'&3the +at that the reer%r rep'd"ate %r h%.d thepr%perty +ree +r%6 the reera 6't be%66'&"ated t% the reeree3 the reeree6't ?&% that the reer%r " h%.d"&/ the pr%pertya +ree +r%6 the reera %ther"e there ".. be &%prer"pt"%&$

5. Up%& re/"trat"%& '&der the @%rre& Syte6 a+ree +r%6 the reerat"%&$

6. Up%& re&'&"at"%& %r a"er by , reeree

,>@ER the death %+ the reer%"r

Reerab.e pr%perty " &%t et"&/'"hed by the/%er&6e&t$ It ".. 't %&t"&'e %& the "&de6&"ty%r 't %6pe&at"%&

I+ the reerab.e pr%perty " "&'red a&d the&3detr%yed3 there " reere %& the "&'ra&e"&de6&"ty %r pr%eed there%+

"ar Juesion2 W$a %o 'ou un%ersan% 4' $e9ELA>E9 INTESTAC> THEOR>

@h" " the the%ry that " app."ed "& RESERV,@RONC,$ Re6e6ber3 "& RESERV, @RONC,3 thereer%r "&her"t +r%6 the pr%p%"t'$ @he reeree

a.% "&her"t +r%6 the pr%p%"t'$H%eer3 the "&her"ta&e by the reeree +r%6 thepr%p%"t' " de.ayed '&t". a+ter the death %+ thereer%r$ @he "&her"ta&e %+ the reeree +r%6 thepr%p%"t' " by "rt'e %+ .e/a. %r "&tetate 'e"%&$Re6e6ber3 ee& "+ the pr%p%"t' d"e tetate %r "th a"..3 that %&.y re+er t% the "&her"ta&e %+ the reer%r$'t3 "th repet t% the reeree3 hat /%er& " the.a %& .e/a. %r "&tetate 'e"%&$

@hat " the %&ept %+ 5E,YE5 IN@ES@,CY < he&the re%.'t%ry %&d"t"%& %+ the reer%r " +'.+"..ed3 thepr%pert"e are d"tr"b'ted t% the reeree a "+ theyare "&her"t"&/ +r%6 the pr%p%"t' at the t"6e %+ the

+'.+"..6e&t %+ the %&d"t"%&$ S"&e there " &% "..3the&3 the reeree "&her"t by "rt'e %+ "&tetate'e"%&3 the deede&t be"&/ the pr%p%"t'$ @he"&her"ta&e %+ the reeree are de.ayed$

ARTICLE


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N%te that '&der the >a6".y C%de3 there are &%.%&/er a?&%.ed/ed &at'ra.3 &at'ra. h".d by .e/a.+"t"%&$ We %&.y hae .e/"t"6ate %r "..e/"t"6ateh".dre&$

W"th repet t% "..e/"t"6ate h".dre&3 they are

e&t"t.ed t% %&e-ha.+ %+ the hare %+ %&e .e/"t"6ateh".d

I& the d"tr"b't"%& %+ .e/"t"6e3 y%' +"rt hae t%at"+y the .e/"t"6e %+ .e/"t"6ate h".dre& a&d the&3the 'r""&/ p%'e h"h h%'.d be ta?e& +r%6the +ree p%rt"%&$ ,&d hateer re6a"&3 d""de "te7'a..y a6%&/ the "..e/"t"6ate h".dre&

ARTICLE %r the "..e/"t"6ate h".dre&3 the hare %'.d be %+ the hare %+ ; .e/"t"6ate h".d

ARTICLE

@he 'r"%r here are the .e/"t"6ate pare&t3

"..e/"t"6ate h".dre& a&d the p%'e$ @% the .e/"t"6ate pare&t 3 t% the "..e/"t"6ateh".dre& t% be ta?e& +r%6 the +ree p%rt"%& a&d t%the 'r""&/ p%'e ;G8 t% be ta?e& +r%6 the +reep%rt"%&$

ARTICLE =??! I+ the %&.y 'r"%r " the "d% %r "d%er3he %r he ha.. be e&t"t.ed t% %&e-ha.+ %+ the hered"tary etate%+ the deeaed p%'e3 a&d the tetat%r 6ay +ree.y d"p%e %+the %ther ha.+$ (8=Fa)

I+ the 6arr"a/e betee& the 'r""&/ p%'e a&d thetetat%r a %.e6&"!ed "& art"'.% 6%rt"3 a&d the tetat%rd"ed "th"& three 6%&th +r%6 the t"6e %+ the 6arr"a/e3 the

.e/"t"6e %+ the 'r""&/ p%'e a the %.e he"r ha.. be%&e-th"rd %+ the hered"tary etate3 eept he& they haebee& .""&/ a h'ba&d a&d "+e +%r 6%re tha& +"e year$ I&the .atter ae3 the .e/"t"6e %+ the 'r""&/ p%'e ha.. bethat pe"+"ed "& the preed"&/ para/raph$ (&)

@he %&.y 'r"%r here " the p%'e

DENER, RUE: @he p%'e ha.. be e&t"t.ed t% %+the &et hered"tary etate "+ heGhe " the %&.y'r"%r$ECEP@ION: @he p%'e ha.. be e&t"t.ed t% ;G= "+:

1. @he 6arr"a/e ae.ebrated "& articulo mortisa&d2$ the %ther p%'e d"ed"th"& = 6%&th +r%6 the e.ebrat"%& %+ the6arr"a/e

@he p%'e h% " at the p%"&t %+ deathd'r"&/ the 6arr"a/e 6't be the %&e h%h%'.d d"e

@he a'e %+ death 6't be the ery a6e

rea%& hy the 6arr"a/e a "& articulomortis

ECEP@ION @O @HE ECEP@ION: S'r""&/ p%'e/et ;G2 ee& "+ the tetat%r %r the tetatr" d"ed"th"& = 6%&th +r%6 t"6e %+ e.ebrat"%& %+ 6arr"a/ehere"& the %'p.e had bee& .""&/ pre"%'.y ah'ba&d a&d "+e +%r 6%re tha& year

@h" pr%""%& " %&.y tr'e "th repet t%tetate 'e"%&$ Whe& "t %6e t% "&tetate %r.e/a. 'e"%&3 th" pr%""%& d%e &%t app.y$

ARTICLE =?1$ Whe& the tetat%r d"e .ea"&/ "..e/"t"6ateh".dre& a&d &% %ther %6p'.%ry he"r3 'h "..e/"t"6ate

h".dre& ha.. hae a r"/ht t% %&e-ha.+ %+ the hered"taryetate %+ the deeaed$

@he %ther ha.+ ha.. be at the +ree d"p%a. %+ thetetat%r$ (842a)

@he %&.y 'r"%r here are the "..e/"t"6ateh".dre&$ @hey are e&t"t.ed t% %+ the etate$ @he%ther ha.+ " %&"dered a the +ree p%rt"%&$

ARTICLE =?-! @he r"/ht %+ "..e/"t"6ate h".dre& et +%rth"& the preed"&/ art".e are tra&6"tted 'p%& the"r death t%the"r dee&da&t3 hether .e/"t"6ate %r "..e/"t"6ate$ (84=a)

I+ the "..e/"t"6ate h".d d"ed ahead %+ h"

pare&t a&d he a.% ha h" %& h".dre&.e/"t"6ate %r "..e/"t"6ate3 a.. %+ thee h".dre& ".."&her"t by Ri/$ o# Re.resenaion$ @hey "../et hateer r"/ht the"r pare&t hae$

@he r"/ht %+ a& "..e/"t"6ate h".d pae t% h"h".dre& hether .e/"t"6ate %r "..e/"t"6ate$

I& the ae %+ a .e/"t"6ate h".d3 h" %&"..e/"t"6ate h".d a&&%t repree&t$

ARTICLE =?0! @he .e/"t"6e %+ the pare&t h% hae a&"..e/"t"6ate h".d3 he& 'h h".d .eae &e"ther .e/"t"6atedee&da&t3 &%r a 'r""&/ p%'e3 &%r "..e/"t"6ateh".dre&3 " %&e-ha.+ %+ the hered"tary etate %+ 'h"..e/"t"6ate h".d$ I+ %&.y .e/"t"6ate %r "..e/"t"6ate h".dre&

are .e+t3 the pare&t are &%t e&t"t.ed t% a&y .e/"t"6ehat%eer$ I+ %&.y the "d% %r "d%er 'r"e "thpare&t %+ the "..e/"t"6ate h".d3 the .e/"t"6e %+ the pare&t" %&e-+%'rth %+ the hered"tary etate %+ the h".d3 a&d that%+ the 'r""&/ p%'e a.% %&e-+%'rth %+ the etate$ (&)

@he pare&t '&der th" art".e are the"..e/"t"6ate pare&t (pare&t %+ a& "..e/"t"6ateh".d)

@he pree&e %+ .e/"t"6ate h".dre& "..e.'de the .e/"t"6ate pare&t$ 't .e/"t"6ate


31/61



pare&t3 "& the abe&e %+ .e/"t"6ate h".dre&3 "..%&'r "th the "..e/"t"6ate h".dre&$

W"th repet t% the "..e/"t"6ate pare&t %+ thetetat%r3 they are e.'ded by the pree&e %+ theh".dre& %+ the tetat%r hether h" h".dre& are.e/"t"6ate %r "..e/"t"6ate$

@he "..e/"t"6ate pare&t are %&.y e%&dary

%6p'.%ry he"r bea'e they "&her"t the"r.e/"t"6e %&.y "& the abe&e %+ the .e/"t"6ate %r"..e/"t"6ate h".dre& %r dee&da&t %+ thedeede&t

,rt".e 90= re+er t% %&.y t% "..e/"t"6ate pare&ta&d &%t t% %ther ae&da&t ."?e the pare&t %+ the"..e/"t"6ate pare&t$

@h'3 the r'.e here " d"++ere&t +r%6 the ae %+the /ra&dpare&t %+ a .e/"t"6ate h".d3 +%r they 6ay"&her"t "& de+a'.t %+ b%th .e/"t"6ate pare&t

ARTICLE =?! @he tetat%r a&&%t depr"e h" %6p'.%ryhe"r %+ the"r .e/"t"6e3 eept "& ae epre.y pe"+"ed by.a$

Ne"ther a& he "6p%e 'p%& the a6e a&y b'rde&3e&'6bra&e3 %&d"t"%&3 %r 'bt"t't"%& %+ a&y ?"&dhat%eer$ (8;=a)

Ee& "th%'t the ".. %+ the tetat%r3 the%6p'.%ry he"r are a.ay e&t"t.ed t% the"r.e/"t"6e

@he %&.y ay t% depr"e the %6p'.%ry he"r%+ the"r .e/"t"6e " by epre.y d""&her"t"&/ the6"& a "..3 here"& the .e/a. a'e there+%re ha.. bepe"+"ed$

O&.y the >ree p%rt"%& %+ the etate that thetetat%r a& /"e aay " 'bet t% erta"&%&d"t"%&3 'bt"t't"%& %r b'rde&$

't the .a tate except in cases expresslyspecified by law.

"ur%ens $a $e esaor a' i.ose on $ele/iie2I& a%rda&e "th .a:

1. , pr%h"b"t"%& t% part"t"%& the .e/"t"6e " a."d +%ra per"%d &%t eeed"&/ 20 year

2$ Reera @r%&a. " a.% a b'rde& "&%+ar a the.e/"t"6e %+ the reer%r %r reer"ta "%&er&ed$

ARTICLE =?! Eery re&'&"at"%& %r %6pr%6"e are/ard a +'t're .e/"t"6e betee& the per%& %"&/ "t a&d h"

%6p'.%ry he"r " %"d3 a&d the .atter 6ay .a"6 the a6e'p%& the death %+ the +%r6er1 b't they 6't br"&/ t% %..at"%&hateer they 6ay hae ree"ed by "rt'e %+ there&'&"at"%& %r %6pr%6"e$ (8;B)

5'r"&/ the ."+et"6e %+ the tetat%r3 the he"r%&.y hae "&h%ate r"/ht %er the pr%pert"e %+ thetetat%r a e.. a t% the"r .e/"t"6e

@he r"/ht t% the"r .e/"t"6e %&.y be%6e etedhe& the tetat%r d"e

@here a& be &% re&'&"at"%& %r %6pr%6"ethat a& be 6ade baed 'p%& a r"/ht that " yet a&epeta&y %r a& "&h%ate r"/ht

Ee& "+ the %6pr%6"e " 6ade a6%&/ the%6p'.%ry he"r the6e.e3 'h %6pr%6"e%'.d t".. &%t be a."d$

@here a& be re&'&"at"%& %+ %r %6pr%6"e %&pree&t .e/"t"6e bea'e the 'bet 6atter " &%.%&/er a +'t're "&her"ta&e

@% re%&".e "th a a"er %+ a hered"tary r"/ht3a a"er %+ hered"tary r"/ht " ee'ted a+ter thedeath %+ the tetat%r$ Hered"tary r"/ht 6ea& y%'rr"/ht t% the "&her"ta&e$ 't "& ,rt".e 903 e areta.?"&/ here %+ +'t're "&her"ta&e %r +'t're .e/"t"6eee'ted d'r"&/ the ."+et"6e %+ the tetat%r$

Y%' a& a"e y%'r r"/ht t% the "&her"ta&ea&d that a& be ee'ted bea'e +r%6 the6%6e&t %+ death %+ the tetat%r3 the r"/ht %+ he"rt% the etate a.ready be%6e eted ee& "+there " t".. &% d"tr"b't"%&$

ARTICLE =?8! ,&y %6p'.%ry he"r t% h%6 the tetat%r

ha .e+t by a&y t"t.e .e tha& the .e/"t"6e be.%&/"&/ t% h"66ay de6a&d that the a6e be +'..y at"+"ed$ (8;)

,rt".e 90B ta.? ab%'t co.leion o#le/iie

I& th" ae3 a %6p'.%ry he"r ha bee&/"e& h" .e/"t"6e by 6ea& %+ d%&at"%&3%&d%&at"%&3 re6""%&3 de"e3 .e/ay a .%&/ athe /""&/ %+ the t"t.e " /rat'"t%'

CO,PLETION O5LEGITI,E *Aricle =?8+

PRETERITION

Part %+ the etate " /"e&t% the %6p'.%ry he"ra.th%'/h the a6%'&t "e7'"a.e&t t% the.e/"t"6e b't .e tha& the.e/"t"6e$

@here " t%ta. %6""%& %&%th"&/ " /"e& t% the%6p'.%ry he"r d'r"&/the ."+et"6e %r "& the "..3&%th"&/ at a.. "& the"&her"ta&e$

,.. y%' hae t% d% " t%/"e hateer a6%'&tthat " .a?"&/$

We a&&'. the "&t"t't"%&%+ he"r$

@he ".. re6a"& @he ".. " "&a."dated b't.e/a"e a&d de"eh"h are &%t "&%++""%'ha.. be repeted$

ARTICLE =?7! @eta6e&tary d"p%"t"%& that "6pa"r %rd"6"&"h the .e/"t"6e %+ the %6p'.%ry he"r ha.. be

red'ed %& pet"t"%& %+ the a6e3 "&%+ar a they 6ay be"&%++""%' %r ee"e$ (8;F)

,rt".e 90F ta.? ab%'t teta6e&taryd"p%"t"%& that "6pa"r %r d"6"&"h the .e/"t"6e %+%6p'.%ry he"r

y a&a.%/y3 th" art".e app."e t% d%&at"%&"&ter "%$ 5%&at"%& h"h "6pa"r (d%&at"%&"&ter "%) the .e/"t"6e ha.. be red'ed %&pet"t"%& %+ the %6p'.%ry he"r$

Whe& y%' app.y "&%++""%' d%&at"%&3 %&.y the%6p'.%ry he"r a& aa". that the d%&at"%&ha.. be red'ed bea'e "t "6pa"r the"r .e/"t"6e$

@he red"t%r a&&%t pet"t"%& that d%&at"%&"&ter "% h"h are "&%++""%' be red'ed

ARTICLE =?


32/61



5%&at"%& h"h are "&%++""%' a&&%t beaa".ed by red"t%r eept he& the d%&at"%& " "&+ra'd %+ the red"t%r

@he a.'e t% be %&"dered " the a.'e %+ thepr%perty d%&ated at the t"6e "t a d%&ated3 &%tthe a.'e 'p%& the death %+ the tetat%r

Re6e6ber that d%&at"%& t% p%'e are %"d$S"&e "t " %"d3 "t " t".. part %+ the etate a&d %3there " &%th"&/ t% %..ate bea'e "t a &%tded'ted

Ea6p.e:5%&at"%&

P ;003000 Etate: P23003000Y P =03000 5ebt: 203000

@ae: ;03000

Etate: P 23003000e:

5ebt ( 203000) @ae ( 03000)

----------------P 23;003000

,dd:5%&at"%& () ;0030005%&at"%& (Y) =03000

----------------NE@ HERE5I@,RY ES@,@E P 2303000

Ree%ies .rovi%e% #or 4' la: in assurin/ $a$e co.ulsor' $eirs :oul% receive $eirle/iie2

1. Preter"t"%& here ee& "+ thetetat%r %6"t the %6p'.%ry he"r "& h" etate3

the .a a're that the %6p'.%ry he"r %'.dt".. ree"e the"r "&her"ta&e$

2. C%..at"%& here ee& "+ thetetat%r a.ready d"p%e a.. h" pr%pert"e d'r"&/ h"."+et"6e3 t"..3 the %6p'.%ry he"r are a'red %+the"r .e/"t"6e$

ARTICLE =?=! 5%&at"%& /"e& t% h".dre& ha.. be har/edt% the"r .e/"t"6e$

5%&at"%& 6ade t% tra&/er ha.. be har/ed t% that part%+ the etate %+ h"h the tetat%r %'.d hae d"p%ed by h".at "..$

I&%+ar a they 6ay be "&%++""%' %r 6ay eeed thed"p%ab.e p%rt"%&3 they ha.. be red'ed a%rd"&/ t% ther'.e etab."hed by th" C%de$ (8;9a)

Re6e6ber that "& 'e"%&3 a sran/er "%&e h% " &%t a %6p'.%ry he"r %+ the tetat%r

5%&at"%& 6ade t% tra&/er d'r"&/ the."+et"6e %+ the tetat%r are har/ed t% the +reep%rt"%&$

5%&at"%& t% tra&/er h%'.d be %..ated3%ther"e3 the .e/"t"6e %+ the %6p'.%ry he"r "..be "6pa"red

I+ there " &% +ree p%rt"%& t% pea? %+3 thed%&at"%& be%6e "&%++""%'$ , 'h3 there ha t%be a red't"%& %r a ret'r& %+ the pr%perty d%&ated$

Ea6p.e: Sa6e data a "& the pre"%' ea6p.e "&,rt".e 908e/"t"6e P 2303000 G 2 P ;32F3000

5%&at"%& 6ade t% " %&"dered a a& ada&e$Up%& d"tr"b't"%&3 he ".. %&.y ree"e P ;3;F3000$

5%&at"%& 6ade t% Y ha.. be har/ed t% the +reep%rt"%&:

P ;32F3000 < =03000 P 923000@he re6a"&"&/ +ree p%rt"%& " P 923000 bea'e

the tetat%r a.ready d"p%ed P =03000 "& ada&e$

@h" " &%t "&%++""%' bea'e "t a& bea%66%dated "& the +ree p%rt"%&$

,'6"&/ that the tetat%r "& h" ".. 6ade a.e/ay t% # %rth P 003000$ @he tetat%r " 'r"eda by a p%'e3 a .e/"t"6ate h".d a&d a& "..e/"t"6ateh".d$ , d%&at"%& t% Y %rth P =03000 a a.%6ade$

e/"t"6ate h".d P ;32F3000Sp%'e B=F300 (;32F3000G2) Y =03000 I..e/"t"6ate h".d B=F300

@he etate " a.ready %&'6ed "th hat d'e t%the .e/"t"6ate h".d3 the p%'e a&d the "..e/"t"6ateh".d$ I& th" ae3 there " &% 6%re +ree p%rt"%& .e+t$@h'3 the d%&at"%& be%6e "&%++""%'$ I& add"t"%&3the .e/ay t% # a&&%t be /"e& e++et bea'e there" &% +ree p%rt"%& a&y6%re

ARTICLE =1?! 5%&at"%& h"h a& "..e/"t"6ate h".d 6ayhae ree"ed d'r"&/ the ."+et"6e %+ h" +ather %r 6%ther3ha.. be har/ed t% h" .e/"t"6e$

Sh%'.d they eeed the p%rt"%& that a& be +ree.y

d"p%ed %+3 they ha.. be red'ed "& the 6a&&er prer"bedby th" C%de$ (84Fa)

ARTICLE =11! ,+ter the .e/"t"6e ha bee& deter6"&ed "&a%rda&e "th the three preed"&/ art".e3 the red't"%&ha.. be 6ade a +%..%:(;) 5%&at"%& ha.. be repeted a .%&/ a the .e/"t"6ea& be %ered3 red'"&/ %r a&&'.."&/3 "+ &eeary3 thede"e %r .e/a"e 6ade "& the "..1(2) @he red't"%& %+ the de"e %r .e/a"e ha.. be pr%rata3 "th%'t a&y d"t"&t"%& hateer$

I+ the tetat%r ha d"reted that a erta"& de"e %r.e/ay be pa"d "& pre+ere&e t% %ther3 "t ha.. &%t'++er a&y red't"%& '&t". the .atter hae bee& app."ed "&+'.. t% the pay6e&t %+ the .e/"t"6e$(=) I+ the de"e %r .e/ay %&"t %+ a ''+r't %r ."+e

a&&'"ty3 h%e a.'e 6ay be %&"dered /reater tha& that%+ the d"p%ab.e p%rt"%&3 the %6p'.%ry he"r 6ay h%%ebetee& %6p.y"&/ "th the teta6e&tary pr%""%&a&d de."er"&/ t% the de"ee %r .e/atee the part %+ the"&her"ta&e %+ h"h the tetat%r %'.d +ree.y d"p%e$(820a)

Or%er o# .riori'2;$ e/"t"6e2$ 5%&at"%&=$ Pre+erred .e/ay %r de"e1 a&d4$ ,.. %ther pr%-rata

Se.s o 4e #ollo:e% un%er Aricle =11:;$ 5eter6"&e the Net Hered"tary Etate (NHE)1

H% Dr% Etate e: 5ebt * har/e P.': 5%&at"%& 'bet t% C%..at"%&

2. 5eter6"&e the .e/"t"6e %+ the %6p'.%ryhe"r baed %& T;1=$ ,dd t%ta. a.'e %+ a.. %+ a.. the .e/"t"6e %+ a..the %6p'.%ry he"r14$ 5ed't the t%ta. a.'e %+ the .e/"t"6e "& T=+r%6 the Net Hered"tary Etate "& T; t% arr"e atthe +ree d"p%a.1

5. Char/e the d%&at"%& t% %6p'.%ry he"r t%the"r .e/"t"6e$ I& ae %+ ee %+ d%&at"%&%er the .e/"t"6e3 har/e ee t% +ree d"p%a.1

6. Char/e the d%&at"%& t% tra&/er t% the +reed"p%a.1

7. Char/e PRE>ERRE5 .e/a"eGde"e t% +reed"p%a.1

8. Char/e a.. %ther .e/a"eGde"e t% +reed"p%a.19$ I& ae +ree d"p%a. " "&'++""e&t3 red'ethe .e/a"e3 d%&at"%& et "& the %rder %+pr"%r"ty$

H%;$ 5%&at"%& t% tra&/er1


33/61



2. I+ there " t".. a& ee3 the& y%' har/e the.e/a"e * de"e1

3. I+ t".. "&'++""e&t3 a.. %ther$

,rt".e 9;; " he& there are %6p'.%ry he"r,N5GOR there are d%&at"%& 'bet t% %..at"%&

Ea6p.e:Net Hered"tary Etate P 23030005%&at"%&: e/"t"6ate h".d P ;003000

(+r"e&d) =03000 # (.e/ay) 003000 N (de"e) 2003000

@etat%r " 'r"ed by a p%'e a&d a .e/"t"6ateh".d$

e/"t"6ate h".d P ;32F3000Sp%'e B=F300

--------------->ree P%rt"%& P B=F300

@he +ree p%rt"%& " &%t '++""e&t t% a%66%datethe d%&at"%&3 the .e/ay3 a&d the de"e$

5%&at"%& are pre+erred a .%&/ a the .e/"t"6e a&be %ered3 red'"&/ %r a&&'.."&/3 "+ &eeary3 thede"e %r .e/a"e 6ade "& the "..$

>ree P%rt"%& P B=F3005%&at"%& t% (+r"e&d) =03000

------------Re6a"&"&/ >ree P%rt"%& P 28F300

@he re6a"&"&/ +ree p%rt"%& " t% be d"tr"b'ted pr%-rata "&e the tetat%r d"d &%t pre+er a erta"& de"e %r.e/ay$

e/ay: GF 28F300 P 203 =F$;45e"e: 2GF 28F300 P 823 ;42$8B

I+ there are pre+erred .e/ay %r de"e3 +%rea6p.e3 the tetat%r ay that the .e/ay t% # "pre+erred3 there+%re3 %+ the P28F300 re6a"&"&/3th" ".. a.. be /"e& a .e/ay t% #$ @he h%.e P003000 a&&%t be /"e& bea'e the &et etate "&%t '++""e&t. 't bea'e "t " pre+erred3 "t ha..be /"e& ahead %+ the de"e$ I& that ae3 thede"e ".. &%t be /"e& a&y6%re.

I+ there ere 2 %r 6%re d%&at"%&3 they ha.. berepeted e7'a..y "+ 6ade at the a6e t"6e$ Itha.. be app%rt"%&ed the a6e "th the .e/ay a&d

de"e3 h"h 6ea& pr%-rata$

I+ there ere 2 %r 6%re d%&at"%& 6ade %&d"++ere&t date3 the ear."er %&e ha.. be repeted$@he 6%re ree&t d%&at"%& are .e pre+erred tha&the d%&at"%& ear."er 6ade bea'e there " apre'6pt"%& that "t a 6ade +"rt$ @h" 6ea&that the tetat%r ha 6%re pre+ere&e %r a++et"%&+%r that per%& t% h%6 he 6ade that +"rtd%&at"%&$ @hat " "+ the d%&at"%& are 6ade %&d"++ere&t date$

ARTICLE =1-! I+ the de"e 'bet t% red't"%& h%'.d%&"t %+ rea. pr%perty3 h"h a&&%t be %&e&"e&t.y d""ded3"t ha.. /% t% the de"ee "+ the red't"%& d%e &%t ab%rb %&e-

ha.+ %+ "t a.'e1 a&d "& a %&trary ae3 t% the %6p'.%ryhe"r1 b't the +%r6er a&d the .atter ha.. re"6b're eah %ther"& ah +%r hat repet"e.y be.%&/ t% the6$

@he de"ee h% " e&t"t.ed t% a .e/"t"6e 6ay reta"& thee&t"re pr%perty3 pr%"ded "t a.'e d%e &%t eeed that %+ thed"p%ab.e p%rt"%& a&d %+ the hare perta"&"&/ t% h"6 a.e/"t"6e$ (82;)

I& th" ae3 the de"e 'bet t% red't"%&a&&%t be %&e&"e&t.y d""ded

,%rd"&/ t% ,rt".e 9;23 "+ the red't"%& d%e&%t ab%rb %+ "t a.'e3 "t ha.. /% t% the de"ee

a&d the de"ee ".. 't pay the %6p'.%ry he"r+%r 'h a.'e

I+ the red't"%& ab%rb 6%re tha& %+ "ta.'e3 "t ha.. /% t% the %6p'.%ry he"r a&d the%6p'.%ry he"r ".. 't pay the de"ee +%r'h a.'e

I+ "t " eat.y %+ "t a.'e3 the rea. pr%pertyha.. /% t% the de"ee "+ y%' app.y the art".e."tera..y3 y%' %'.d be de+eat"&/ the "&te&t %+ thetetat%r$ @he de"ee ".. 't pay the%6p'.%ry he"r +%r the a.'e

ARTICLE =10$ I+ the he"r %r de"ee d% &%t h%%e t%aa". the6e.e %+ the r"/ht /ra&ted by the preed"&/art".e3 a&y he"r %r de"ee h% d"d &%t hae 'h r"/ht 6ayeer"e "t1 h%'.d the .atter &%t 6a?e 'e %+ "t3 the pr%pertyha.. be %.d at p'b." a't"%& at the "&ta&e %+ a&y %&e %+the "&tereted part"e$ (822)

I+ the .e/atee %r de"ee d%e &%t a&t t%eer"e the r"/ht '&der ,rt".e 9;23 the %ther

part"e (he"r %r de"ee) 6ay eer"e the r"/ht%& beha.+ %+ the party h% d%e &%t "h t%eer"e the r"/ht

I+ &%&e %+ the part"e hae the "&teret t%eer"e the r"/ht %r re"6b're6e&t %r rete&t"%&3the pr%perty 6ay 't be %.d at a p'b." a't"%&at the "&ta&e %+ a&y "&tereted party 'h a ared"t%r %+ the etate

ARTICLE =1$ @he tetat%r 6ay de"e a&d be7'eath the+ree p%rt"%& a he 6ay dee6 +"t$ (&)

,+ter a.. the .e/"t"6e %+ the %6p'.%ry he"r

hae bee& at"+"ed3 "&.'d"&/ the 'r""&/p%'e a&d the "..e/"t"6ate h".dre&3 the +reed"p%a. 6ay be /"e& by the tetat%r t% a&yb%dypr%"ded that there " &% pr%h"b"t"%& by .a$

I+ he /"e the +ree d"p%a. t% h" %&'b"&e3that " &%t a..%ed

Revie: on LEGITI,E

,E,ORIKE $e le/iie o# $eco.ulsor' $eirs

>%r eay 6e6%r"!at"%&3 6aybe3 y%' +"rt tart"th the .e/"t"6e %+ the 'r""&/ p%'e bea'ethe .e/"t"6e %+ the 'r""&/ p%'e ar"ea%rd"&/ t% the %ther %&'rr"&/ he"r$

;$ S'r""&/ p%'e "th ; .e/"t"6ate h".d e/"t"6ate h".d

2$ I+ there are 2 %r 6%re .e/"t"6ate h".dre&3 thehare %+ the 'r""&/ p%'e ha&/e:

S'r""&/ p%'e hare %+ ; .e/"t"6ate h".de/"t"6ate h".d ;G2

=$ Sp%'e 'r""&/ "th the pare&t %+ the tetat%r:S'r""&/ p%'e Pare&t

I+ there are "..e/"t"6ate h".dre&:

S'r""&/ p%'e ;G8

4$ Sp%'e 'r"e "th "..e/"t"6ate h".dre& %&.y:S'r""&/ p%'e ;G=I..e/"t"6ate h".dre& ;G=

$ I+ the p%'e " the %&.y 'r"%r I+ 6arr"a/e e.ebrated art"'.% 6%rt" a&d the

%ther p%'e d"ed "th"& = 6%&th ;G=I+ they hae bee& .""&/ t%/ether +%r year

e/"t"6ate h".dre& a.ay


34/61



e/"t"6ate pare&t a.ay

I..e/"t"6ate h".dre& a.ay %+ the hare %+ ;.e/"t"6ate h".d '&.e there are 6a&y "..e/"t"6ateh".dre& a&d the etate " &%t e&%'/h t%a%66%date the"r hare$ I& that ae3 d""de there6a"&der a6%&/ the "..e/"t"6ate h".dre&$

SECTION 89isin$eriance

ARTICLE =1! , %6p'.%ry he"r 6ay3 "& %&e7'e&e %+d""&her"ta&e3 be depr"ed %+ h" .e/"t"6e3 +%r a'eepre.y tated by .a$ (848a)

,rt".e 9; ta.? ab%'t the %&e7'e&e %+be"&/ d""&her"ted

9ISINHERITANCE" the pr%e %r at3 thr' ateta6e&tary d"p%"t"%& %+ depr""&/ "& a ".. a&y%6p'.%ry he"r %+ h" .e/"t"6e +%r tr'e a&d .a+'.a'e$

5""&her"ta&e re+er %&.y t% a %6p'.%ry he"r

5""&her"ta&e " 6ade thr%'/h a teta6e&taryd"p%"t"%&$ @here 6't be a "..$

@here " &% d""&her"ta&e "& .e/a. %r "&tetate'e"%&3 %&.y "& tetate 'e"%&

5""&her"ta&e a& be 6ade %&.y +%r a'eepre.y tated by .a

Wa's o# %e.rivin/ $e co.ulsor' $eir o# $isle/iie

1. 5""&her"ta&e (,rt".e 9;)

2. Rep'd"at"%& %+ the "&her"ta&e - the at %+ the

he"r h"6e.+3. I&apa"ty by rea%& %+ '&%rth"&e

4. Predeeae - the at'a. %r pre'6pt"e death%+ the he"r$ % %+ the etateB$ Whe& the death %r har/e are e7'a. t% %r6%re tha& the a.'e %+ the etate

ARTICLE =18! 5""&her"ta&e a& be e++eted %&.y thr%'/ha ".. here"& the .e/a. a'e there+%r ha.. be pe"+"ed$ (849)

Reuisies #or a vali% %isin$eriance2;$ @he d""&her"ta&e 6't be 6ade "& a."d "..

@he d""&her"ta&e a& a.% be e++eted by"rt'e %+ a %d"".

5""&her"ta&e a& a.% be 6ade "& a eparate"..

5""&her"ta&e a& a.% be 6ade "&I&%rp%rat"%& y Re+ere&e

2$ @he d""&her"ta&e 6't be 6ade epre.y3 &%t"6p."ed.y

=$ @here 6't be a .e/a. a'e +%r the d""&her"ta&e4$ @he d""&her"ta&e 6't be 6ade +%r a tr'e a'e$ @he d""&her"ta&e 6't be +%r a&d e"t"&/ a'e

, %&d"t"%&a. d""&her"ta&e " &%t a..%ed:LI ".. d""&her"t 6y %& "+ he ".. ?".. 6e "& the+'t'reM

't a %&d"t"%&a. re%at"%& %+ d""&her"ta&e "a..%ed:L#y %& atte6pted +%r 6y ."+e$ I ".. d""&her"t

h"6$ 't "+ he ".. a? +%r 6y +%r/"e&e3 I".. re%?e the d""&her"ta&eM

B$ @he d""&her"ta&e 6't be t%ta. %r %6p.eteF$ @he a'e 6't be tated "& the ".. "te.+8$ @he he"r d""&her"ted 6't be .ear.y "de&t"+"ed3 %that there ".. be &% d%'bt a t% h% " rea..y be"&/

d""&her"ted9$ @he ".. "& h"h the d""&her"ta&e " tated 6't&%t hae bee& re%?ed3 at .eat "& % +ar a the

d""&her"ta&e " %&er&ed

ARTICLE =17! @he b'rde& %+ pr%"&/ the tr'th %+ thea'e +%r d""&her"ta&e ha.. ret 'p%& the %ther he"r %+the tetat%r3 "+ the d""&her"ted he"r h%'.d de&y "t$ (80)

ARTICLE =1

E,#PE T ;:@he tetat%r "&t"t'ted , a&d "& h" ".. a&d

d""&her"ted C +%r the rea%& that C " '/.y $ ,3 a&d C are a.. h" .e/"t"6ate h".dre&$ H" etate "%rth P ;203000$

@he e++et " "t ha.. a&&'. the "&t"t't"%& %+ he"r"&%+ar a %&.y "t 6ay pre'd"e the .e/"t"6e %+ the"&a."d.y d""&her"ted he"r$

e/"t"6e P ;203000 G 2 P B03000

e/"t"6e %+ eah h".d P B03000 G = P 203000

5"tr"b't"%&:C P 203000 (.e/"t"6e), P 203000 Q =03000 P

03000 P 203000 Q =03000 P

03000

E,#PE T 2:Sa6e ea6p.e "th add"t"%&a. data that "

/"e& a .e/ay %+ P =03000 ah$C P 203000, P 203000 Q P ;3000 P 203000 Q P ;3000 P =03000

Re6e6ber3 "& the %rder %+ d"tr"b't"%&3 thede"e %r .e/ay ha.. be /"e& ahead %+ the"&her"ta&e$

PRETERITION VALI9 9ISINHERITANCE@he %6""%& 6ay bee"ther "&te&t"%&a. %r

'&"&te&t"%&a. a .%&/ athe depr"at"%& " t%ta.$

5""&her"ta&e " a.ay"&te&t"%&a. bea'e "t ha

t% be pr%"ded +%r "& the"..$

W"th a'e %r "th%'ta'e

@he a'e 6't bepr%"ded +%r by .a$(,rt".e 920 * 92; NCC)

,&&'. the "&t"t't"%& @he d""&her"ted he"r"&her"t &%th"&/ +r%6 the.e/"t"6e * the +ree p%rt"%&$

#ay e"t "th %r"th%'t a "..$J: H% d%e preter"t"%&e"t "th%'t a "..

@here 6't a.ay be a"..


35/61



,: 5'r"&/ the ."+et"6e %+the tetat%r3 he a&6a?e d%&at"%& a&d thed%&at"%& ".. be%..ated .ater %&$ I+d'r"&/ h" ."+et"6e3 he/ae a.. h" pr%pert"e

t% %&e %+ h" h".dre&$S% 'p%& h" death3there " &%th"&/ .e+t$ S%'p%& h" death3 there "&% ".. b't t".. there "preter"t"%& bea'ethere " %6""%&$@he "&t"t't"%& " a.ay%"d

@he "&t"t't"%& ".. be+%..%ed '&.e there "a&%ther a'e +%r &%t+%..%"&/ the "&t"t't"%&h"h " &%t bea'e %+ thed""&her"ta&e b't +%r%ther a'e$

PRETERITION I,PER5ECT9ISINHERITANCE

@he "&t"t't"%& %+ he"r" %6p.ete.y a&&'..ed

@he "&t"t't"%& re6a"&a."d3 b't 6't be red'ed"&%+ar a the .e/"t"6e habee& "6pa"red

I+ there " a de"e %r.e/ay3 he ".. ree"ethe de"e %r .e/ay a.%&/ a "t " &%t"&%++""%'

5e"e3 .e/a"e %r %therteta6e&tary d"p%"t"%&ha.. be a."d$ Ee& "+ theper%& " 't a& "&t"t'tedhe"r3 he ".. t".. ree"e h"hare %r "&her"ta&e$

It " "6p%rta&t t%d"t"&/'"h hether the

per%& " a& "&t"t'tedhe"r %r a de"ee %r.e/atee

Ee& "+ the per%& " 'ta& "&t"t'ted he"r3 a .%&/

a the "&t"t't"%& d%e &%tpre'd"e the .e/"t"6e %+the "&a."d.y d""&her"tedhe"r3 the&3 that he"r ha..ree"e the "&her"ta&e

ARTICLE =1=! @he +%..%"&/ ha.. be '++""e&t a'e +%rthe d""&her"ta&e %+ h".dre& a&d dee&da&t3 .e/"t"6ate ae.. a "..e/"t"6ate:(;) Whe& a h".d %r dee&da&t ha bee& +%'&d /'".ty %+ a&

atte6pt a/a"&t the ."+e %+ the tetat%r3 h" %r her p%'e3dee&da&t3 %r ae&da&t1

(2) Whe& a h".d %r dee&da&t ha a'ed the tetat%r %+ ar"6e +%r h"h the .a prer"be "6pr"%&6e&t +%r "year %r 6%re3 "+ the a'at"%& ha bee& +%'&d /r%'&d.e1

(=) Whe& a h".d %r dee&da&t ha bee& %&"ted %+ad'.tery %r %&'b"&a/e "th the p%'e %+ the tetat%r1(4) Whe& a h".d %r dee&da&t by +ra'd3 "%.e&e3"&t"6"dat"%&3 %r '&d'e "&+.'e&e a'e the tetat%r t% 6a?ea ".. %r t% ha&/e %&e a.ready 6ade1() , re+'a. "th%'t 't"+"ab.e a'e t% 'pp%rt the pare&t %r

ae&da&t h% d""&her"t 'h h".d %r dee&da&t1(B) #a.treat6e&t %+ the tetat%r by %rd %r deed3 by the h".d%r dee&da&t1(F) Whe& a h".d %r dee&da&t .ead a d"h%&%rab.e %rd"/rae+'. ."+e1(8) C%&"t"%& %+ a r"6e h"h arr"e "th "t the pe&a.ty %+"". "&terd"t"%&$ (FB3 8=3 BF4a)

,rt".e 9;9 ta.? ab%'t the /roun%s #or%isin$eriance

U&der ,rt".e 9;93 the per%& h% "d""&her"ted " a h".d %r dee&da&t %+ the tetat%r3hether that h".d " .e/"t"6ate %r "..e/"t"6ate

() hen a child or descendant has been found guiltyof an attempt against the life of the testator his orher spouse descendants or ascendants

@here " +"&a. 'd/6e&t %r %&"t"%& a.ready

,t the t"6e %+ the ee't"%& %+ the "..3 "t " &%t&eeary that the 'd/6e&t " +"&a.

He a& be +%'&d /'".ty a&d the 'd/6e&t 6aybe%6e +"&a. a+ter the death a .%&/ a "tbe%6e +"&a.$ 5""&her"ta&e a& be /"e&e++et %&e the 'd/6e&t be%6e +"&a.a.ready$ @here 6't be a& "&te&t t% ?"..$

Ee& "+ the dee&da&t " 't a& a%6p."e%r ae%ry3 th" para/raph app."e

Ee& "+ the .a ay atte6pt3 the 6%rerea%& that +r'trated a&d %&'66atedta/e are t% be "&.'ded

(*) hen a child or descendant has accused thetestator of a crime for which the law prescribesimprisonment for six years or more if theaccusation has been found groundless

@he a'at"%& be /r%'&d.e

@he r"6e be"&/ re+erred here " a/a"&ta&yb%dy

Accusaions re#erre% in $is .ara/ra.$2

1. It 6ay "&.'de the "&t"t't"%& %+ a r"6"&a.

at"%&2. Y%' tet"+y "& a ae a/a"&t y%'r pare&t %rae&da&t "&%."&/ a r"6e h"h arr"e ape&a.ty %+ B year %r 6%re

3. State6e&t here"& y%' a++"r6 thea'at"%& 6ade a/a"&t y%'r pare&t3ae&da&t$

($) hen a child or descendant has been convictedof adultery or concubinage with the spouse ofthe testator

@he .a here ay %&"ted %+ ad'.tery %r%&'b"&a/e3 '&."?e the /r%'&d "& .e/a.eparat"%& here prep%&dera&e %+ e"de&e

" '++""e&t @here ha t% be %&"t"%&

(+) hen a child or descendant by fraud violenceintimidation or undue influence causes the

testator to ma,e a will or to change one alreadymade

@here ha t% be a&%ther ".. 6ade

(-) A refusal without ustifiable cause to support theparent or ascendant who disinherits such childor descendant

@he deter6"&at"%& hether %r &%t the re+'a.%+ the h".d " "th%'t 't a'e ".. depe&d

'p%& the 6ea& %+ the h".d a&d the&ee"ty %+ the ae&da&t

(#) 'altreatment of the testator by word or deed bythe child or descendant

@h" /r%'&d %+ 6a.treat6e&t " pree&t %&.y"th repet t% d""&her"ta&e %+ adee&da&t

() hen a child or descendant leads a dishonorableor disgraceful life

What " d"h%&%rab.e %r d"/rae+'. ."+e " a7'et"%& h"h " addreed t% the 'd/6e&t%+ the %'rt b't /e&era..y3 the at 6't &%t

be a& "%.ated %r "&/.e at It ha t% be a ay %+ ."+e

@he h".d %r dee&da&t 6ay be a 6a.e %r a+e6a.e

(") %onviction of a crime which carries with it thepenalty of civil interdiction

De&era..y3 r"6e h"h are p'&"hab.e bydeath pe&a.ty3 re.'"%& perpert'a a&dre.'"%& te6p%ra.3 a.. %+ thee arry "th "tthe ae%ry pe&a.ty %+ "". "&terd"t"%&


36/61



ARTICLE =-?! @he +%..%"&/ ha.. be '++""e&t a'e +%rthe d""&her"ta&e %+ pare&t %r ae&da&t3 hether.e/"t"6ate %r "..e/"t"6ate:(;) Whe& the pare&t hae aba&d%&ed the"r h".dre& %r"&d'ed the"r da'/hter t% ."e a %rr'pt %r "66%ra. ."+e3 %ratte6pted a/a"&t the"r "rt'e1(2) Whe& the pare&t %r ae&da&t ha bee& %&"ted %+ a&atte6pt a/a"&t the ."+e %+ the tetat%r3 h" %r her p%'e3

dee&da&t3 %r ae&da&t1(=) Whe& the pare&t %r ae&da&t ha a'ed the tetat%r %+a r"6e +%r h"h the .a prer"be "6pr"%&6e&t +%r "year %r 6%re3 "+ the a'at"%& ha bee& +%'&d t% be +a.e1(4) Whe& the pare&t %r ae&da&t ha bee& %&"ted %+ad'.tery %r %&'b"&a/e "th the p%'e %+ the tetat%r1() Whe& the pare&t %r ae&da&t by +ra'd3 "%.e&e3"&t"6"dat"%&3 %r '&d'e "&+.'e&e a'e the tetat%r t% 6a?ea ".. %r t% ha&/e %&e a.ready 6ade1(B) @he .% %+ pare&ta. a'th%r"ty +%r a'e pe"+"ed "& th"C%de1(F) @he re+'a. t% 'pp%rt the h".dre& %r dee&da&t"th%'t 't"+"ab.e a'e1(8) ,& atte6pt by %&e %+ the pare&t a/a"&t the ."+e %+ the%ther3 '&.e there ha bee& a re%&"."at"%& betee& the6$(FB3 843 BF4a)

@h" art".e dea. "th the causes%isin$eriin/ an ascen%an

@he d""&her"ted he"r 6ay %&tr%ert the/r%'&d tated "& the "..

() hen the parents have abandoned their children orinduced their daughters to live a corrupt or

immoral life or attempted against their virtue

,ba&d%&6e&t here d%e &%t ee& hae t%a6%'&t t% a r"6e a .%&/ a he ha a.readydepr"ed h" h".d %+ the ba" &ee"ty %r heha &%t bee& ee& +%r a &'6ber %+ year

,ba&d%&6e&t re+er t% e"ther phy"a.3ed'at"%&a. %r 6%ra. a .%&/ a y%' &e/.ety%'r h".d

@h" 6ay be app."ed by a&a.%/y t% %&

(*) hen the parent or ascendant has been convictedof an attempt against the life of the testator his orher spouse descendants or ascendants($) hen the parent or ascendant has accused thetestator of a crime for which the law prescribesimprisonment for six years or more if theaccusation has been found to be false(+) hen the parent or ascendant has been convictedof adultery or concubinage with the spouse of thetestator(-) hen the parent or ascendant by fraud violence

intimidation or undue influence causes the testatorto ma,e a will or to change one already made

N'6ber 23 =3 43 a&d are the a6e a th%e"& ,rt".e 9;9

(#) The loss of parental authority for causes specifiedin this %ode

I& th" ae3 th" h%'.d re+er t% th%e a'eby h"h the pare&t %r ae&da&t " at +a'.t$@hee a'e are pr%"ded +%r "& ,rt".e ==0a&d ==2 %+ the C"". C%de$

,R@ICE ==0 NEW CIVI CO5E$ @he +ather a&d "& a

pr%per ae the 6%ther3 ha.. .%e a'th%r"ty %erthe"r h".dre&:(;) Whe& by +"&a. 'd/6e&t "& a r"6"&a. ae thepe&a.ty %+ depr"at"%& %+ a"d a'th%r"ty " "6p%ed'p%& h"6 %r her1(2) Whe& by a +"&a. 'd/6e&t "& .e/a. eparat"%&pr%eed"&/ 'h .% %+ a'th%r"ty " de.ared$ (;B9a)

,R@ICE ==2 NEW CIVI CO5E$ @he %'rt 6aydepr"e the pare&t %+ the"r a'th%r"ty %r 'pe&d theeer"e %+ the a6e "+ they h%'.d treat the"rh".dre& "th ee"e harh&e %r h%'.d /"ethe6 %rr'pt"&/ %rder3 %'&e.3 %r ea6p.e3 %r

h%'.d 6a?e the6 be/ %r aba&d%& the6$ I& theeae3 the %'rt 6ay a.% depr"e the pare&t3 "&h%.e %r "& part3 %+ the ''+r't %er the h".dKpr%perty3 %r ad%pt 'h 6ea're a they 6aydee6 ad"ab.e "& the "&teret %+ the h".d$ (;F;a)

, h".d '&der pare&ta. a'th%r"ty a&&%t

ee'te a ".. I+ the pare&t re/a"& pare&ta. a'th%r"ty3 there

are 2 "e:

1. @he d""&her"ta&e ".. re6a"&&%t"thta&d"&/ that the pare&t hare/a"& h" %r her pare&ta. a'th%r"tybea'e the rea%& +%r the d""&her"ta&e" &%t rea..y the .% %+ pare&ta. a'th%r"tyb't the a'e +%r the .% %+ pare&ta.a'th%r"ty$

2. @he d""&her"ta&e " a.ready dee6ed"&e++et"e bea'e 'p%& the death %+ theh".d there " rea..y &% 6%re .% %+pare&ta. a'th%r"ty$

() The refusal to support the children ordescendants without ustifiable cause

@he a6e "th ,rt".e 9;9

(") An attempt by one of the parents against the lifeof the other unless there has been a reconciliationbetween them.

@he h".d3 the %&3 the da'/hter %r the/ra&dh".d 6ay d""&her"t h" pare&t h% haatte6pted a/a"&t the ."+e %+ the %ther pare&t

N% &eed +%r %&"t"%& bea'e the .a ayatte6pt3 % 6ere atte6pt

't "+ there " a re%&"."at"%& betee& the

pare&t3 the&3 the h".d a&&%t a&y6%red""&her"t bea'e "+ the %++e&ded party hadee6ed "t pr%per t% +%r/"e the %ther p%'e3the&3 "th 6%re rea%& the h".d bea'e he" &%t the party d"ret.y %++e&ded

ARTICLE =-1! @he +%..%"&/ ha.. be '++""e&t a'e +%rd""&her"t"&/ a p%'e:(;) Whe& the p%'e ha bee& %&"ted %+ a& atte6pta/a"&t the ."+e %+ the tetat%r3 h" %r her dee&da&t3%r ae&da&t1(2) Whe& the p%'e ha a'ed the tetat%r %+ a r"6e+%r h"h the .a prer"be "6pr"%&6e&t %+ "year %r 6%re3 a&d the a'at"%& ha bee& +%'&d t% be+a.e1(=) Whe& the p%'e by +ra'd3 "%.e&e3 "&t"6"dat"%&3 %r

'&d'e "&+.'e&e a'e the tetat%r t% 6a?e a ".. %r t%ha&/e %&e a.ready 6ade1(4) Whe& the p%'e ha /"e& a'e +%r .e/a. eparat"%&1() Whe& the p%'e ha /"e& /r%'&d +%r the .% %+pare&ta. a'th%r"ty1(B) U&'t"+"ab.e re+'a. t% 'pp%rt the h".dre& %r the %therp%'e$ (FB3 83 BF4a)

hen the spouse has given cause for legalseparation

I& th" ae3 there " yet &% deree %+ .e/a.eparat"%& b't %&.y the %'rre&e %+ thea'e +%r .e/a. eparat"%&$

Y%' d% &%t hae t% e're a deree %+ .e/a.

eparat"%& +"rt be+%re y%' a& d""&her"t y%'rp%'e h% ha /"e& /r%'&d

Groun%s #or Le/al Se.araion2

,R@ICE NEW CIVI CO5E$ , pet"t"%& +%r .e/a.eparat"%& 6ay be +".ed %& a&y %+ the +%..%"&//r%'&d:(;) Repeated phy"a. "%.e&e %r /r%.y ab'"e%&d't d"reted a/a"&t the pet"t"%&er3 a%66%& h".d3 %r a h".d %+ the pet"t"%&er1(2) Phy"a. "%.e&e %r 6%ra. pre're t% %6pe.the pet"t"%&er t% ha&/e re."/"%' %r p%."t"a.a++"."at"%&1


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(=) ,tte6pt %+ rep%&de&t t% %rr'pt %r "&d'e thepet"t"%&er3 a %66%& h".d3 %r a h".d %+ the

pet"t"%&er3 t% e&/a/e "& pr%t"t't"%&3 %r %&&"a&e"& 'h %rr'pt"%& %r "&d'e6e&t1(4) >"&a. 'd/6e&t e&te&"&/ the rep%&de&t t%

"6pr"%&6e&t %+ 6%re tha& " year3 ee& "+pard%&ed1() 5r'/ add"t"%& %r hab"t'a. a.%h%."6 %+ the

rep%&de&t1(B) eb"a&"6 %r h%6%e'a."ty %+ the rep%&de&t1(F) C%&trat"&/ by the rep%&de&t %+ a 'be7'e&t

b"/a6%' 6arr"a/e3 hether "& the Ph"."pp"&e%r abr%ad1(8) Se'a. "&+"de."ty %r perer"%&1(9) ,tte6pt by the rep%&de&t a/a"&t the ."+e %+ the

pet"t"%&er1 %r(;0),ba&d%&6e&t %+ pet"t"%&er by rep%&de&t"th%'t 't"+"ab.e a'e +%r 6%re tha& %&eyear$

>%r p'rp%e %+ th" ,rt".e the ter6 Ah".dA ha.."&.'de a h".d by &at're %r by ad%pt"%&$ (9Fa)

N%te that ee& "+ there " 6ere.y a& atte6pta/a"&t the ."+e %+ the %ther p%'e3 "t a& be a

/r%'&d +%r d""&her"ta&e bea'e "t " a /r%'&d+%r .e/a. eparat"%&$ I& th" /r%'&d3 there " &%%&"t"%&3 b't 6ere atte6pt

't '&der ,rt".e 92;3 para/raph ;3 ta?e &%tethat hat "t pr%"de " %&"t"%&: Lhen thespouse has been convicted of an attemptagainst the life of the testator his or herdescendants or ascendants0

I+ %&e %+ the p%'e atte6pt a/a"&t the ."+e %+a %66%& h".d %r dee&da&t3 there ha t% be%&"t"%& "& %rder that "t 6ay %&t"t'te a/r%'&d +%r d""&her"ta&e bea'e "t " &%t a/r%'&d +%r .e/a. eparat"%&

I+ there a.ready ha bee& a deree %+ .e/a.eparat"%&3 there " &% 6%re &eed t% d""&her"t the%++e&d"&/ p%'e bea'e by %perat"%& %+ .a3 the"&her"ta&e /"e& t% the %ther p%'e " re%?eda&d he %r he " a.% d"7'a."+"ed +r%6 "&her"t"&/+r%6 the "&&%e&t p%'e$

ARTICLE =--! , 'be7'e&t re%&"."at"%& betee& the%++e&der a&d the %++e&ded per%& depr"e the .atter %+ ther"/ht t% d""&her"t3 a&d re&der "&e++et'a. a&y d""&her"ta&ethat 6ay hae bee& 6ade$ (8B)

Reconciliaion " the 6't'a. ret%rat"%& %++ee."&/ t% the tat' 7'%$ It " a b".atera. at$ @he%++e&ded party 6't be ab.e t% +%r/"e a&d the%++e&der 6't be ab.e t% aept the +%r/"e&e$

I+ there " d""&her"ta&e a&d 'be7'e&t.ythere " re%&"."at"%&3 the& the d""&her"ta&ebe%6e "&e++et'a.

@here " &% re%&"."at"%& "+ "t " 6ere.y a/e&era. pard%& here"& the tetat%r +%r/"e a..h% hae %++e&ded h"6 bea'e 'h " a '&".atera.at %+ the tetat%r

Ho: is %isin$eriance revo6e%;$ @here " 'be7'e&t re%&"."at"%& (%the d""&her"ta&e ha.. be "&e++et"e)

2. y 6a?"&/ the d""&her"ted he"r a&"&t"t'ted he"r=$ y the re%at"%& %+ a ".. %&ta"&"&/d""&her"ta&e4$ y the d"a..%a&e %+ a ".. %&ta"&"&/the d""&her"ta&e

ARTICLE =-0! @he h".dre& a&d dee&da&t %+ the per%&d""&her"ted ha.. ta?e h" %r her p.ae a&d ha.. preere ther"/ht %+ %6p'.%ry he"r "th repet t% the .e/"t"6e1 b't the

d""&her"ted pare&t ha.. &%t hae the ''+r't %rad6"&"trat"%& %+ the pr%perty h"h %&t"t'te the.e/"t"6e$ (8F)

,rt".e 92= ta.? ab%'t the ri/$ o#re.resenaion o# $e $eirs o# $e%isin$erie% $eir

E,#PE: @etat%r ha 2 h".dre&3 , a&d $ , ha 2h".dre&3 C a&d 5$ , " d""&her"ted$ Ee& "+ , a& &%.%&/er "&her"t3 C a&d 5 ".. &% repree&t , b't %&.y"th repet t% the .e/"t"6e %+ ,$ @he +a'.t %+ ,h%'.d &%t be "6p'ted a/a"&t , he"r$

,& he"r h% ha bee& d""&her"ted a& berepree&ted

PER CAPITA6ea& %&e "&her"t "& h" %&r"/ht$ I& the ea6p.e3 "&her"t "& h" %& r"/ht$

PER STIRPES6ea& %&e "&her"t by "rt'e%+ repree&tat"%&$ I& the ea6p.e3 C a&d 5

"&her"t a repree&tat"e %+ ,

Whe& there " a "..( repree&tat"%& ta?ep.ae %&.y "th repet t% the .e/"t"6e

't "+ there " &% "..(repree&tat"%& perta"&t% the EN@IRE p%rt"%&

, ".. %&ta"&"&/ %&.y a d""&her"ta&e " a&"&d"ret d"p%"t"%&$ It " a a."d "..

PRINCIPE: Whe& there " a "..3 therepree&tat"%& %+ the he"r %+ the d""&her"ted he"r".. %&.y be t% the E@EN@ O> @HE EDI@I#E$ 't"th repet t% the +ree p%rt"%&3 that /%e t% the

"&t"t'ted he"r UNESS the ".. d%e &%t d"p%e%+ the e&t"re pr%perty a&d that there " "&tetaythe %& he"r %+ the d""&her"ted he"r 6ay t"..part %+ the +ree p%rt"%&

@he d""&her"ted he"r h% " repree&ted ha&% ''+r't %r ad6"&"trat"%& %+ the pr%pertyh"h %&t"t'te the .e/"t"6e$ Ee& "+ h" %&h".dre& ".. /et the pr%perty h"h he h%'.dhae /%tte& had he &%t bee& d""&her"ted3 hea&&%t 'e "t a&d he a&&%t ad6"&"ter "t

@here " &% repree&tat"%& "th repet t% thep%'e$ r"/ht %+ repree&tat"%& perta"& %&.y t%

the dee&d"&/ a&d d"ret ."&e

@here " &% r"/ht %+ repree&tat"%& "& theae&d"&/ ."&e

SECTION 7Le/acies an% 9evises

ARTICLE =-! ,.. th"&/ a&d r"/ht h"h are "th"& the%66ere %+ 6a& 6ay be be7'eathed %r de"ed$ (8Ba)

Eeryth"&/ a& be be7'eathed %r de"e a.%&/ a "th"& the %66ere %+ 6a&

T$in/s :$ic$ canno 4e 4euea$e% or %evise%2

;$ Re C%66'&e2$ Pr%perty %+ P'b." 5%6"&"%&=$ Pr%perty %+ P'b." Ue4$ Re N'..'$ I..""t th"&/B$ P're.y Per%&a. %r I&tra&6""b.e R"/ht

ARTICLE =-! , tetat%r 6ay har/e "th .e/a"e a&dde"e &%t %&.y h" %6p'.%ry he"r b't a.% the .e/ateea&d de"ee$

@he .atter ha.. be ."ab.e +%r the har/e %&.y t% the ete&t %+the a.'e %+ the .e/ay %r the de"e ree"ed by the6$ @he


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%6p'.%ry he"r ha.. &%t be ."ab.e +%r the har/e bey%&d thea6%'&t %+ the +ree p%rt"%& /"e& the6$ (88a)

DENER, RUE: Whe& the ".. " ".e&t3 the etate hathe d'ty %+ e++et"&/ the .e/ay %r de"eECEP@ION: I+ the tetat%r har/e h" he"r "th the

.e/ay %r de"e3 the& , %+ the he"r3 "&.'d"&/ the.e/atee %r de"ee3 ha the d'ty %+ e++et"&/ the

.e/ay %r de"e$ @he a.'e %+ the .e/ay %r de"e/"e& by the he"r ha.. be pr%p%rt"%& t% the hareh"h they ree"ed$ECEP@ION @O @HE ECEP@ION: 't " a SPECI

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