Wild &Weird Ideas

An overview of Ruby 1.9LRUG 10th december 2007

What is it?

• The last odd-numbered release before Ruby 2.0

• “Wild & Weird Ideas”- Matz, RubyConf 2005

• More open development• http://www.rcrchive.net/

When is it coming out?

Christmas 2007

The Biggest Change

becomes

The Biggest Change

... but let’s not complainours isn’t much better!

The Real Biggest Change

YARV

YARV3 Things It Means To Us

1. New developer

• not matz-bound

2. Better Performance

• in places

3. Native threads

• vs. green threads

New literal hash syntax Block local variables

Block arguments are always local

New syntax for lambdas

.() and calling Procs without #call/#[]

Block arguments

News semantics for block arguments

Method used for splat arguments: #to_splat

Multiple splats allowed

Mandatory arguments after optional arguments allowed

?c semantics

Arguments to #[]

printf-style formatted strings (%)

Newlines allowed before ternary colondefined? and local variables

BasicObject

#instance_exec

send doesn't always call private methods anymore

Kernel#require

Object#=~

Object#tap

Kernel#instance_variable_defined?

Kernel#define_singleton_method

Kernel#singleton_methods, Kernel#methods

Module#*_instance_methods

Module#const_defined?, #const_get

Module#class_variable_defined?

#class_variable_{set,get}

Module#attr is an alias of attr_reader

Class of singleton classes

Class variables are not inherited

#module_exec

Extra subclassing check when binding UnboundMethods

Binding#eval

Proc#yield

Arity of blocks without arguments

Passing blocks to #[]

proc is now a synonym of Proc.new

Proc#lambda?

NameError

Equality of exceptions

SystemStackError

Removed Exception#to_str

Enumerable#cycle

Enumerable#each_with_index

Enumerable#first(n)

Enumerable#group_by

Enumerable#find_index

Enumerable#take

Enumerable#drop

Enumerator#each

Enumerable methods called without a block

Enumerable#inject (#reduce) without a block

Enumerable#count

Enumerable#reduce

Enumerator#with_index

Enumerable#min_by, #max_by

Enumerable#zip

Regexp#match, String#match

Enumerable#minmax, #minmax_by

Enumerator#rewind

Fiber: coroutines/micro-threads Array#nitemsArray#[m,n] = nil places nil in the array

Block argument to Array#index, Array#rindex

Array#combination

Array#permutation

Array#productArray#pop, Array#shift

Array#to_s is equivalent to Array#inspect

Array.try_convert

Hash#to_s is equivalent to Hash#inspect

Hash#_compare_by_identity, #compare_by_identity?

Semantics for Hash#each and Hash#each_pair

Hash#select

Hash.try_convert

Integer(nil) raises TypeError

Integer#odd?, #even?

Integer#pred

Method#receiver

Method#name

Method#owner

Numeric#upto, #downto, #times, #step

Numeric#scalar?, Complex#scalar?

Numeric#div

Numeric#fdiv

Range#cover?

Range#include?

Range#min, Range#max

Regexp#=== matches symbols

Regexp.try_convert

String no longer an Enumerable

String has encoding-awareness

String#clear

"One-char-wide" semantics for String#[] and String#[]=

String#each_char

String#ord

String#partition, #rpartition

String#lines

String#bytes

String#encoding

String#force_encoding

String#start_with?, #end_with?

String#unpack with a block

String#hash

String#upto

String.try_convert

Zero-length symbols allowed

Struct#inspect

Symbol#=== matches strings

Symbol#intern

Symbol#encoding

Symbol methods similar to those in String

Math#log and Math#log2

#to_path in File.<blah>

Dir.[], Dir.glob

Dir.exist?

New File and Dir operations

Non-blocking IO

IO#getc

IO & StringIO #getbyte, #readbyte

Kernel#open

IO#initialize now accepts an IO argument

StringIO#readpartial

IO#lines

IO#bytes

IO.try_convert

Limit input

IO#ungetc, StringIO#ungetc

New format in Time#to_s

Timezone information preserved on Marshal.dump/load

Process.setrlimit

Process.daemon

Process.exec

Symbols: restriction on literal symbols

$SAFE and bound methods

GC.stress, GC.stress=

Method#hash, Proc#hash

__method__ and __callee__

Symbol#to_proc

Deprecated: VERSION and friends

Deprecated: StringScanner

Deprecated: Kernel.to_a

Deprecated: Kernel#getc

Deprecated: Object#type

Deprecated: File.exists? Deprecated: Hash#index

Deprecated: ENV.index

Deprecated: Symbol#to_int

Deprecated: Removed Array and Hash #indices, #indexes

Other Changes

Other Changes

a lot

New Syntax

=> #<Proc:0x48adf0@(irb):34 (lambda)>irb> c.call(2, 'hello')hellohello=> 2

irb> c = -> (a, b) {a.times{puts b}}

=> #<Proc:0x52f17a@(irb):50 (lambda)>irb> c.call(1)muz=> 1

irb> c = ->(a, b = ‘muz’) doirb* a.times{puts b}irb> end

=> #<Proc:0x65cd68@(irb):36 (lambda)>irb> c.call(2, 'hello'){|b| puts b*2}hellohellohellohello=> 2

irb> c = ->(a, b, &c) doirb* a.times{c.call(b)}irb> end

=> nilirb> lolmatz(‘RUBY’,’LANGUJ’)=> “IN YR RUBY SPESIFYIN YR LANGUJ”

irb> def lolmatz(n1, v=‘SPESIFY’, n2)irb> “IN YR #{n1} #{v}IN YR #{n2}”irb> end

irb> c.(2, 'hello')hellohello=> 2

irb> c = -> (a, b) {a.times{puts b}}=> #<Proc:0x48adf0@(irb):34 (lambda)>

=> [1,2,3,4,5,6]

irb> num = [1,2,3]irb> bers = [4,5,6]irb> numbers = [*num, *bers]

Changes to the Standard

Library

String

• Encoding aware

• methods are char, not byte, based now

• open(‘blah.txt’, ‘r:utf-8’)

• # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

• Bye Bye: $KCODE and jcode

• No longer an Enumerable

Enumerable

• Enumerable::Enumerator part of core

• Enumerable methods without a block

• [1,2,3].map.with_index {|item, idx| ...}

• #inject without block

• [1,2,3].inject(:+) #=> 6

Symbol

• Symbol#to_proc

• [”matz”, “koichi”].map(&:upcase) #=> [“MATZ”, “KOICHI”]

• Treated more like Strings

• #encoding, #empty?, #upcase, #[], #match, etc...

• #===

IO

• Non blocking IO

• Limit input in read/get methods

• Oddness: doesn’t appear to be encoding aware

Misc.

• BasicObject at top of class hierarchy

• Class variables (@@woo) not inherited

• proc is now Proc.new instead of lambda

• Proc#yield a method for yield keyword

• send shouldn’t invoke private methods

The Ruby Ecosystem• Rubygems

• 0.9.5 is ruby 1.9 compatible

• Rake

• Rails

• ticket #1689 says Rails 2.1

• mongrel

• http://www.moriq.com/ruby/1.9/log/

How do I get it?

• Wait till Christmas?

• http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk

• Tiger users - upgrade your bison

• Windows binaries available

~fin~

• http://eigenclass.org/hiki.rb?Changes+in+Ruby+1.9

• http://www.atdot.net/yarv/rc2006_sasada_yarv_on_rails.pdf

• http://learnruby.com/ruby-1.9.html

• http://www.rubyinside.com/so-heres-the-new-ruby-logo-639.html

• http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/ruby-core/

• http://www.rubyist.net/~matz/slides/

• http://blog.grayproductions.net/categories/the_ruby_vm_interview