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AdamsStokes syndrome

Classification and external resources

ICD-10 I45.9

(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/I45

ICD-9-CM 426.9 (http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?

icd9=426.9)

DiseasesDB 12443 (http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb12443.htm)

MeSH D000219 (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?

field=uid&term=D000219)

AdamsStokes syndromeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

StokesAdams syndrome(alternative

eponymsinclude Gerbezius-

Morgagni-AdamsStokes syndrome

and Gerbec-Morgagni-AdamsStokes syndrome)[1]refers to a

sudden, transient episode of syncope,

occasionally featuring seizures.

Named after two Irish physicians,

Robert Adams (17911875)[2]and

William Stokes (18041877),[3]the

first description of the syndrome was

published in 1717 by the Carniolan

physician of Slovene descent Marko Gerbec, which was 44 years after its publication quoted by Giovanni

Battista Morgagni.

Contents

1 Signs and symptoms2 Diagnosis3 Causes4 Treatment

5 Prognosis6 References

Signs and symptoms

Prior to an attack, a patient may become pale, their heart rhythm experiences a temporary pause, and collaps

may follow. Normal periods of unconsciousness last approximately thirty seconds; if seizures are present, the

will consist of twitching after 1520 seconds. Breathing continues normally throughout the attack, and so on

recovery the patient becomes flushed as the heart rapidly pumps the oxygenated blood from the pulmonary b

nto a systemic circulation which has become dilated due to hypoxia.[4]

As with any syncopal episode that results from a cardiac dysrhythmia, the faints do not depend on the patien

position. If they occur during sleep, the presenting symptom may simply be feeling hot and flushed on

waking.[4]

Diagnosis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#cite_note-Parkland-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Prognosishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Treatmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Morgagnihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Morgagnihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stokes_(physician)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Adams_(physician)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#cite_note-Parkland-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#cite_note-Parkland-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_circulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Prognosishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Treatmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Causeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Diagnosishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#Signs_and_symptomshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Morgagnihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko_Gerbechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloveneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carniolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stokes_(physician)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Adams_(physician)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faintinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome#cite_note-1https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D000219https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headingshttp://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb12443.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_Databasehttp://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=426.9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problemshttp://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/I45.9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems

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Stokes-Adams attacks may be diagnosed from the history, with paleness prior to the attack and flushing after

particularly characteristic. The ECG will show asystole, an AV block, or ventricular fibrillation during the

attacks.

Causes

The attacks are caused by lack of cardiac output due to antimony poisoning, cardiac asystole, heart block, Le

disease or ventricular fibrillation. The resulting lack of blood flow to the brain is responsible for the faint.

Treatment

nitial treatment can be medical, involving the use of drugs like isoprenaline (Isuprel) and epinephrine

adrenaline). Definitive treatment is surgical, involving the insertion of a pacemaker most likely one with

sequential pacing such as a DDI mode as opposed to the older VVI mechanisms,[4]and the doctor may arran

he patient to undergo electrocardiography to confirm this type of treatment.[5]

Prognosis

f undiagnosed (or untreated), StokesAdams attacks have a 50% mortality within a year of the first episode

The prognosis following treatment is very good.

References

1. synd/1158 (http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1158.html)at Who Named It?

2. R. Adams. Cases of Diseases of the Heart, Accompanied with Pathological Observations. Dublin Hospital Reports,

1827, 4: 353453.3. W. Stokes. Observations on some cases of permanently slow pulse. Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, 18

2: 7385.

4. Katz, Jason; Patel, Chetan (2006). Parkland Manual of Inpatient Medicine. Dallas, TX: FA Davis. p. 903.

5. Chart 63: "Faintness and Fainting", page 161, ISBN 0-86318-864-8

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Categories: Cardiac dysrhythmia

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