wignierebis, matematikuri wignierebisa da sasicocxlo...

wignierebis , maTematikuri

wignierebisa da sasicocxlo

unarebis gzamkvlevi

dawyebiTi safexuris

maswavleblebisTvis

Tbilisi 2011

wignierebis , maTematikuri

wignierebisa da sasicocxlo

unarebis gzamkvlevi

dawyebiTi safexuris

maswavleblebisTvis

publikacia momzadebulia saerTaSoriso proeqtis ̀ arc erTi bavSvi zogadi ganaTlebis gareSe (wignierebis, maTematikuri wignierebisa da sasicocxlo unarebis sabaziso modelis SemuSaveba). proeqti ganaxorciela samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutma Ria sazogadoebis institutis mxardaWeriT.

dizaineri dali jvarSeiSvili

© samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, 2011

ISBN 978-9941-0-3847-1

sakonsultacio sabWo

ia anTaZe

sofio gorgoZe

Tamar mosiaSvili

irina samsonia

avtorebi

wigniereba

paata papava

Tamar Wanturia

maTematikuri wigniereba

ekaterine korZaZe

sasicocxlo unarebi

maia baqraZe

nazaket baxtiar mehdieva

saero ganaTleba iseTi sagania, romelic rac unda kargad iyos

dayenebuli, mainc mudmivs fiqrsa da cdasa Txoulobs, raTa

erTs wertilzed ar Sedges da ukan ar daixios. dRevandeli

pirveldawyebiTi saero ganaTleba, rasakvirvelia, bevrad

ukeT mowyobili da win wasulia, vidre winad, magram iseTs

mdgomareobaSi ki ar aris, rom imazed zrunva saWiro ar iyos. Tu

marTla mxurvaled da Cafiqrebulad movepyrobiT ganaTlebis

saqmes, SegviZlian yovelTvis aRmovaCinoT, Tu ra eWirveba

pirveldawyebiT skolas, ra cvlilebaa saWiro imisaTvis, raTa

saero ganaTlebam kidev ufro ixeiros da win waiwios.

ilia WavWavaZe

sarCevi

Sesavali............................................................................................. 5

wigniereba.......................................................................................... 7

maTematikuri.wigniereba.............................................................. 117

sasicocxlo.unarebi...................................................................... .163

Sesavali

publikacia momzadebulia saerTaSoriso proeqtis _ `arc erTi bavSvi zogadi ganaTlebis gareSe (wignierebis, maTematikuri wignierebisa da sasicocxlo unarebis sabaziso modelis SemuSaveba)“ _ farglebSi.

ganaTlebis sferos warmomadgenlebma SeimuSaves saxelmZRvanelo, romelic daexmareba maswavleblebs, ise dagegmon saswavlo procesi, rom moswavleebma ukeT iswavlon, SeiZinon is codna da unarCvevebi, romlebic erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT aris gansazRvruli.

sxvadasxva mizezis gamo, zogierT moswavles uWirs, miaRwios saxelmwifos mier erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrul Sedegebs. zojer moswavles skolis datovebac uxdeba. dawyebiT safexurze saxelmwifos mier gansazRvruli Sedegebis miRwevis procesSi barierebis daZleva gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. moswavlis mier swavlebis dawyebiT safexurze SeZenili codna da unarCvevebi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs moswavlis integraciasa da mis miRwevebs sabazo da saSualo safexurze.

momzadebuli masalebi iTvaliswinebs im kategoriis moswavleTa daxmarebas, romlebsac uWirT erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli programebis daZleva. sazogadoebas vTavazobT ganaTlebis meore Sansis models, romlis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia sazogadoebis, skolis warmomadgenlebisa da mSoblebis TanadgomiT.

saxelmwifo skolebs saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs SesTavazon damatebiTi saganmanaTleblo da saaRmzrdelo momsaxureba. Cven mier momzadebuli masalebi skolebs daexmareba, efeqtianad danergon wignierebis, maTematikuri wignierebisa da sasicocxlo unarebis saswavlo procesi. am mizniT, sferos eqspertebma SeimuSaves saswavlo gegma, miznebi,

�

_ Tu ra codnis, unarCvevebisa da damokidebulebebis SeZenas iTvaliswinebs kursi, saaTebis raodenoba, Sefasebis meTodebi da swavlebis meTodologia.

TiToeuli mimarTuleba swavlaswavlebis Tanamedrove midgomebs efuZneba. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia swavlebis meTodologia, romelic eqspertebma SesTavazes qarTvel maswavleblebs. wigniereba efuZneba programas _ „kiTxva da wera kritikuli azrovnebisTvis“, maTematikuri wigniereba _ problemze dafuZnebul swavlebas, xolo sasicoxlo unarebi _ aqtiur swavlebas. eqspertebi Seecadnen, gaeZlierebinaT mimarTulebebs Soris kavSirebi, kerZod, kiTxvis, komunikaciis, jgufSi muSaobis, problemis gadaWrisa da diskusiis unarebis ganviTareba moxdeba wignierebis, maTematikuri wignierebisa da sasicocxlo unarebis jgufebSi.

eqspertebma aseve SeimuSaves moswavlis masalebi, romelTa mxolod mcire nawilia Sesuli winamdebare publikaciaSi. 2011 2012 wlebSi moswavleTa masalebi daixveweba da wignis ganaxlebul, srul versias qarTul sazogadoebas 2012 wels SevTavazebT.

wigniereba

avtorebi

paata papava

Tamar Wanturia

1. Sesavali ................................................................................. 9

2. standarti .............................................................................. 12

2.1 kiTxvisa da weris swavlebis miznebi da amocanebi ....... 12

2.2 kursis dasrulebisas misaRwevi Sedegebi

mimarTulebebis mixedviT ............................................... 13

3. swavla-swavlebis meTodologiuri safuZvlebi ............. 16

3.1 swavlebisa da swavlis sabaziso modeli ....................... 16

3.2 kiTxvisa da weris meTodebi ............................................ 20

3.3 kiTxvis meTodebis cxrili.............................................. 23

3.4 kiTxvis swavlebis efeqturi meTodebi .......................... 24

3.5 weris meTodebis cxrili ................................................. 61

3.6 weris swavlebis efeqturi meTodebi ............................. 61

4. Sefaseba .................................................................................. 82

4.1 Sefasebis tipebi ............................................................... 83

4.2 Sefasebis meTodebi ........................................................ 85

5. kiTxvis gakveTilis, aqtivobis an Tematuri

blokis/erTeulis dagegmva ................................................. 97

6. gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebi ................................................ 101

9

wigniereba

Sesavali

wigniereba Tanamedrove msoflioSi erTerTi ZiriTadi, sakvanZo kompetenciaa. kiTxvisa da weris unarebi mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs individis moqalaqed Camoyalibebasa da mis warmatebas saqmianobis nebismier sferoSi. amitom, wignierebis ganviTarebas saTanado yuradReba eTmoba rogorc skolamdel da saskolo, ise skolisSemdgom asakSi. mraval qveyanaSi xorcieldeba sxvadasxva programa im mozardebisa da zrdasrulebisaTvis, romlebic ama Tu im mizeziT uwignurad darCenis riskis winaSe dganan.

ra aris wigniereba? kiTxvisa da weris procesebis kompleqsurobis gamo wignierebis erT SeTanxmebul ganmartebas literaturaSi ver vnaxavT. Tumca, umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom dRes wigniereba niSnavs mravalferovani teqstebis gamarTulad wakiTxvis, gagebagaazrebis, interpretaciisa da gamoyenebis, aseve sxvadasxva daniSnulebis teqstebis Seqmnis unars. gaerTianebuli erebis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis organizacia (UNESCO) wignierebas ganmartavs, rogorc gansazRvris, gagebis, interpretaciis, Seqmnis, komunikaciis, gamoTvlis, ama Tu im konteqstTan dakavSirebuli nabeWdi da werilobiTi masalis gamoyenebis unarCvevebis erTobliobas. wignierebis cneba gulisxmobs swavlis procesis uwyvetobasa da individis SesaZleblobas, miaRwios miznebs, gaiRrmavos codna, aimaRlos potenciali da srulad moaxdinos sazogadoebaSi integrireba.

amdenad, Tanamedrove gagebiT, wigniereba uSualod aris dakavSirebuli iseT unarebTan, rogorebicaa zepiri komunikacia, wakiTxulis ganxilva da diskusia, kritikuli azrovneba, warmosaxva da sxv. teqstebis mravalferovnebaSi, ZiriTadad, igulisxmeba, rogorc naratiuli (TxrobiTi)/mxatvruli (moTxroba, igavi, leqsi, biografia da a.S.), ise informaciuli/aRweriTi/instruqciuli (magaliTad, sabunebismetyvelo teqstebi, kvleva, esei da a.S.) teqstebi. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom Tanamedrove beWdviTi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT sakiTxavi teqstebi gamdidrebulia sqemebiT,

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wignierebis, maTematikuri wignierebisa da sasicocxlo unarebis gzamkvlevi dawyebiTi safexuris maswavleblebisTvis

diagramebiT, ilustraciebiT, eleqtronuli bmulebiT da a.S., amitom wigniereba Seicavs sqemebis, diagramebisa da ilustraciebis gagebasa da gaazrebasac.

calke saubroben e.w. funqciuri wignierebis Sesaxeb, rac yoveldRiuri yofacxovrebisaTvis saWiro werakiTxvis kompetenciis minimums _ reklamis, gancxadebis, afiSis, menius, instruqciis da a.S. wakiTxvasa da gagebas, aseve, gancxadebis, werilis, nusxis da a.S. daweras _ gulisxmobs.

werakiTxvis swavlis procesi mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli zepiri komunikaciis, anu mosmenisa da saubris (laparakis) unarebis ganviTarebaze. marTlac, jer kidev adreul, skolamdel asakSi, bavSvi zepiri komunikaciis procesSi acnobierebs werisa da kiTxvis dawyebisaTvis aucilebel fonetikur principebs, bgerebis Serwymis SesaZleblobebs, gamoTqmuli erTeulebis nabeWd/nawer teqstTan Sesatyvisobas.

Tu bavSvis garemoSi zepiri komunikacia da teqstebTan Sexeba mizezTa gamo SezRudulia, saskolo asakSi seriozul problemebs vawydebiT. informaciis moculobisa da mravalferovnebis zrdasTan erTad ki es problemebi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba. sabolood mivdivarT wakiTxulis gagebis SeuZleblobamde, kiTxvis motivaciis srul dacemamde, sakuTari warumateblobis gancdamde, rac yvela saganSi aferxebs swavlas.

ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemaSi mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadaidga wignierebis cnebis xelaxla gaazrebisa da werakiTxvis swavlebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. pirvel rigSi, xazgasasmelia ramdenime faqti:

wignierebas, rogorc saswavlo procesis damoukidebel erTeulsa da strategiul mizans, sagangebo yuradReba eTmoba erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi.

2006 wels Catarda moswavleTa wignierebis donis saerTaSoriso farTomasStabiani kvleva PIRLS, romlis mizanic iyo 910 wlis bavSvTa wignierebis donisa da misi ganmapirobebeli faqtorebis Seswavla. saqarTvelo msoflios 45 qveyanasTan erTad iRebda am kvlevaSi monawileobas. kvlevis Sedegad eqspertTa mier Sefasda qarTveli bavSvebis mier weriTi metyvelebis sxvadasxva formis aRqmis, miRebuli informaciis gagebisa da gamoyenebis unari,

11

wigniereba

gamovlinda arsebuli viTareba (qarTvel bavSvebs saSualoze dabali Sedegebi aqvT, bolodan me9 adgili 45 qveyanas Soris) da gamoikveTa samoqmedo strategiuli orientirebi:

kiTxvis specialuri samoqmedo gegmis Seqmna;

dawyebiTi klasis momavali maswavleblebis mosamzadebeli programebis reformireba;

treningebisa da damxmare meToduri saxelmZRvaneloebis momzadeba;

Tanamedrove saswavlo praqtikaSi aprobirebuli teqstis ganxilvisa da gaazrebis meTodebis gamoyeneba;

skolamdeli aRzrdis sistemis reformireba;

saskolo biblioTekebis gamarTulad funqcionireba; sabavSvo JurnalgazeTebis gamocemis xelSewyoba;

ojaxis aqtiuri monawileoba; skolisa da ojaxis komunikaciis xarisxi;

specialuri proeqtebi regionebis skolebisaTvis1.

20102011 wlebSi msoflio bankis dafinansebiT dawyebiTi klasebis maswavlebelTaTvis ganxorcielda wignierebis donis amaRlebaze orientirebuli sapilote proeqti, romlis mizania dawyebiT klasebSi moswavleTa wignierebis unaris ganviTareba.

ganaxlda da kiTxvisa da weris swavlebis meTodikasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebiT Seivso dawyebiTi klasebis maswavleblis profesiuli standarti.

momzadda ramdenime specialuri saswavlo meToduri resursi, romlebic exmareba saqarTvelos skolebis maswavleblebs kiTxvisa da weris swavlebaswavlis procesis gaumjobesebaSi.

momzadda da gamoica erovnuli saswavlo gegmis gzamkvlevi dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebelTaTvis qarTul enasa da literaturaSi.

daibeWda ramdenime statia wignierebis konceptualuri sakiTxebisa da meTodologiuri midgomebis Sesaxeb.

1 wigniereba PIRLS-2006 saqarTveloSi, gamocdebis erovnuli centri, Tbilisi, 2008. aseve, SegiZliaT ixiloT: http://www.naec.ge/uploads/SXVA/pirlspre-2010.pdf

12


2..standarti

2.1...kiTxvisa.da.weris.swavlebis.miznebi.da.amocanebi

wignierebis ganviTarebis gzaze mniSvnelovania Semdegi saganmanaTleblo miznebis dasaxva:

ZiriTadi sakomunikacio unarebis (mosmena, saubari, kiTxva, wera) ganviTareba;

miznobrivad da Sinaarsobrivad mravalferovani teqstebis (magaliTad, moTxroba, leqsi, argumentirebuli esei, instruqcia da a.S.) wakiTxvisa da gaazrebis unaris Camoyalibeba;

weriTi da zepiri metyvelebis kulturis ganviTareba;

sakuTari azris logikuri TanamimdevrobiT gamoxatvisa da sxvadasxva daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis unaris ganviTareba;

literaturuli teqstebis wakiTxvis motivaciis gaRviveba, maTi aRqmisa da interpretaciis unaris ganviTareba;

damoukidebeli, SemoqmedebiTi da kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba.

saganmanaTleblo miznebidan gamomdinare, kiTxvisa da weris swavleba skolaSi iTvaliswinebs konkretuli amocanebis gadaWras. amgvar amocanebs warmoadgens:

kaligrafiuli kulturis gamomuSaveba;

leqsikuri maragis Sevsebagamdidreba;

azris cxadad, lakoniurad, mkafiod da mwyobrad gamoxatvis unaris Camoyalibeba;

msjelobis unaris ganviTareba;

teqstebTan SemoqmedebiTi (Tavisufali) damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba;

diskusiebSi monawileoba, monologuri da dialoguri metyvelebis unarCvevaTa Camoyalibeba;

13

wigniereba

saganmanaTleblo mizniT sxvadasxva resursiT (leqsikonebi, biblioTeka, interneti da sxv.) sargebloba;

sametyvelo etiketis normebis dacva;

teqstis agebis kanonzomierebis gaTvaliswinebiT teqstis Seqmna;

miznobrivi amocanis Sesatyvisi stiliT wera da metyveleba;

orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri normebis saTanadod gamoyeneba;

sxvadasxva saxis, stilisa da Janris teqstebis analizisa da Seqmnis unaris gamomuSaveba;

mwerlis Semoqmedebis gaazreba subieqturi (mwerlis cxovrebis mniSvnelovani faqtebi da momentebi) da obieqturi (epoqis zogadi konteqsti) faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

literaturul nawarmoebebSi asaxuli problematikisa da faseulobebis aRqmagaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva.

2.2..kursis.dasrulebisas.misaRwevi.Sedegebi.mimarTulebebis.mixedviT

mimarTuleba misaRwevi Sedegi indikatori

1 dekodireba da sityvebis amocnoba (fonologiuri codnis CaTvliT)

moswavles SeuZlia:

• anbanuri principis gageba da gamoyeneba;• werilobiTi kodis gaSifvra;• sityvebis mTlianad wakiTxva.

cnobs 100 sityvis logografiul xats;anawevrebs sityvas marcvlebad da fonemebad;zepirad aerTianebs calcalke gamoTqmul bgerebs da/an marcvlebs;gamoTqvams dawerili asos Sesabamis bgeras;amoicnobs gamoTqmuli bgeris Sesabamis asos;wers gamoTqmul bgeras;anawevrebs daweril sityvas marcvlebad da bgerebad;xsnis, Tu ra aris anbani da risTvis arsebobs igi; Sifravs misTvis ucnob sityvas, TviT sityvis Semadgeneli elementebisa da teqstis Sinaarsobrivi konteqstis mixedviT.

14


2 leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba

moswavles SeuZlia:• sityvis mniSvnelobis gasagebad sxvadasxva; meTodis moSvelieba• sityvis gamoyeneba mravalferovan konteqstSi.

ucnobi sityvis amosacnobad iyenebs konteqsts da miniSnebebs;gaaaqtiurebs winare codnasa da gamocdilebas;cdilobs amoicnos sityvis Semadgeneli nawilebi da maTi mniSvneloba;iyenebs damxmare wyaroebs (leqsikoni, Tanatoli, specialisti, maswavlebeli, mSobeli da sxv.);qmnis gonebriv rukas sityvaze;adgens winadadebas sityvis gamoyenebiT;asaxelebs sityvis monaTesave sityvebs da akavSirebs mas am sityvebTan;akeTebs sityvis gramatikul analizs.

3 gamarTuli kiTxva

moswavles SeuZlia:• sxvadasxva sirTulis teqstis xmamaRla, gamarTulad wakiTxva;• sxvadasxva sirTulis teqstis Cumad, gamarTulad wakiTxva.

kiTxulobs teqsts uSecdomod;kiTxulobs teqsts gabmulad;kiTxulobs saswavlo sirTulis donis teqsts zomieri siCqariT;kiTxulobs teqsts gamometyvelebiT (xmamaRla);intonaciiT gamoxatavs teqstSi asaxul emociebs da ganwyobas xmamaRla kiTxvisas.

4 wakiTxulis gagebagaazreba

moswavles SeuZlia:• sxvadasxva tipis teqstis Sinaarsis gageba;• eqsplicituri da implicituri informaciis moZieba da gaazreba kiTxvis procesSi;• sakuTari azrisa da damokidebulebis gamoxatva wakiTxuli teqstis (mxatvrulis/aramxatvrulis) mimarT;• damxmare elemetebis gamoyeneba teqstis gasaazreblad;

aRwers teqstis wakiTxvis Sedegad sakuTar warmosaxvaSi aRbeWdil suraTxatebs (zepirad, xatviT, moZraobiT);gamoTqvams varaudebs teqstis wakiTxvamde (saTaurisa da damxmare elementebis mixedviT);ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan informaciulsa da TxrobiT, mxatvrul da aramxatvrul teqstebs ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT;ayalibebs teqstis wakiTxvis mizans kiTxvis dawyebamde;gaaaqtiurebs arsebul Tematur codnas teqstis wakiTxvamde;gamoTqvams varaudebs wkiTxvamde da kiTxvis procesSi;ukavSirebs wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarss sakuTar gamocdilebas, mocemuli teqstis sxva nawilebs, sxva teqstebs da garesamyaros;SearCevs teqsts sakuTari interesebis mixedviT;

15

wigniereba

• teqstSi ZiriTadisa da meorexarisxovanis garCeva;• gagebaze orientirebuli SekiTxvebis dasma teqstis wakiTxvamde, wakiTxvis procesSi da wakiTxvis Semdeg;• gagebis/gaazrebis Sesaferisi meTodebis moSvelieba miznisa da teqstis tipis mixedviT.

sxvadasxva formiT (saubriT, werilobiT, xatviT, moZraobiT da sxv.) gamoxatavs sakuTar STabeWdilebebs da damokidebulebas wakiTxulis Sesaxeb;poulobs teqstSi pasuxebs dasmuli SekiTxvebis mixedviT;akeTebs teqstis calkeuli abzacebis/nawilebisa da mTliani teqstis reziumirebas;ganasxvavebs da gamijnavs faqtsa da mosazrebas sxvadasxva tipis teqstebSi;gamoaqvs daskvnebi sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis kiTxvis dros da miuTiTebs Sesabamis dasabuTebas teqstSi;amoicnobs literaturuli nawarmoebis Janrs misi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT;axasiaTebs literaturuli teqstis ZiriTad elementebs (personaJebi, fabula, garemoebebi, Tema da a. S.);amoicnobs esTetikur formebs/mxatvrul xerxebs da afasebs avtoris mier maT gamoyenebas;axasiaTebs gmirs da afasebs mis saqciels teqstis Sinaarsze dayrdnobiT.

5 wera moswavles SeuZlia:• misTvis nacnob Temebze sxvadasxva xasiaTis teqstebis gamarTulad wera;• naweris gasworebis martivi xerxebis gamoyeneba;• martivi mxatvruli teqstis Seqmna struqturis dacviTa da mxatvruli xerxebis gamoyenebiT;• ramdenime abzacis Semcveli informaciuli teqstis dawera struqturis dacviT.

wers yvela asos;gadawers teqsts;wers sityvebsa da winadadebebs karnaxiT;asaxelebs punqtuaciis niSnebs da aRwers maT daniSnulebas;Segnebulad iyenebs gramatikis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis praqtikulad aucilebel minimums;agebs winadadebas;wers naratiul/TxrobiT abzacs;wers aRweriT abzacs;wers argumentul abzacs;wers argumentirebul eseis struqturis dacviT, Tezisis CamoyalibebiTa da argumentebis moSveliebiT.

1�


3..swavla-swavlebis.meTodologiuri.safuZvlebi

wignierebis ganviTareba mravalmxrivi procesia da maswavleblis maRal kompetenciebs moiTxovs. wignieri garemos organizeba, efeqturi gakveTilebisa da Tematuri erTeulebis warmarTva, Sesaferisi resursebis moZieba da gamoyeneba saTanado mzaobas da mudmiv profesiul zrdas saWiroebs. mocemuli gzamkvlevi sruliad konkretuli mizniT Seiqmna, is unda daexmaros maswavlebels kiTxvisa da weris swavlebaSi. gzamkvlevSi mocemulia praqtikuli meTodebi, aseve, saswavlo procesis dagegmvisa da moswavleTa Sefasebis ZiriTadi instrumentebi.

3.1.swavlebisa.da.swavlis.sabaziso.modeli.

werakiTxvis aTviseba gansakuTrebiT Sedegiania, roca igi moswavleze orientirebuli, konstruqtivistuli, aqtiuri swavlebaswavlis midgomebs efuZneba. aseTi saswavlo procesi gakveTilebisa da Tematuri erTeulebis imgvarad dagegmvasa da warmarTvas gulisxmobs, rodesac moswavleebs mravalferovan aqtivobebSi CarTvisa da sakuTari miRwevebis Sefasebis saSualeba eZlevaT. qvemoT aRwerilia saswavlo procesis organizebis konceptualuri CarCo, romelic gauadvilebs maswavlebels werakiTxvis aqtivobebis SerCevasa da efeqturi gakveTilebis organizebas.

mocemuli gzamkvlevi maswavlebels kiTxvisa da weris aqtivobis samfazian models sTavazobs. es modeli, Tavis mxriv, swavlis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove kvlevis Sedegebs eyrdnoba. TiToeuli faza konkretul Sedegzea orientirebuli da exmareba moswavles, raTa man:

gaaaqtiuros winare codna da gamoxatos SemecnebiTi interesi;

gaiazros axali informacia da daukavSiros igi adreul gamocdilebas;

ganamtkicos miRebuli codna da gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoiyenos igi.

swavlebaswavlis samfaziani modeli gakveTilis msvlelobis erTgvari universaluri CarCoa. igi asaxavs efeqturi saswavlo

17

wigniereba

procesis ZiriTad safexurebs da maTi ganxorcielebis Tanmimdevrobas. samfaziani modelis safexurebia: A. molodinebis gansazRvra (gamowveva). B. codnis konstruireba (Sinaarsis realizeba). C. gamTlianeba (refleqsia).

aqtiur swavlasa da siRrmiseul gaazrebaze orientirebul konstruqtivistul saswavlo procesSi maswavlebeli gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs gamowvevisa da refleqsiis safexurebis gavlas. ganvixiloT TiToeuli safexuri calcalke.

molodinebis gansazRvra / gamowveva (safexuri A)

samfaziani modelis pirveli etapi, erTi mxriv, Sesaswavl saganTan, sakiTxsa Tu movlenasTan dakavSirebuli interesis, meore mxriv ki, adre miRebuli codnis ”gamowvevis” fazaa. am etapze ramdenime mniSvnelovani SemecnebiTi qmedeba xorcieldeba. moswavleebi ixseneben imas, rac ician mocemuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb. am fazis aqtivobebSi monawileoba ubiZgebs maT, gadaxedon sakuTar codnas da dafiqrdnen im Temaze, romelsac male gamowvlilviT Seiswavlian. am sawyisi qmedebiT monawileebi aaqtiureben „pirovnul ganwyobas“, romelic axali codnis SeZenis safuZvelia. es ki gadamwyvetia, radgan Tu informacia konteqstidan mowyvetiladaa warmodgenili da moswavleebs misi arsebul codnagamocdilebasTan dakavSireba gauWirdaT, SesaZloa igi advilad daikargos. swavlis procesi axlisa da ukve cnobilis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebis procesia. moswavleebi axal cnebebs gamoimuSaveben adre miRebuli codnisa da sakuTari damokidebulebebis safuZvelze. ase rom, gamowvevis fazis meore mizania interesis gazrda, cnobismoyvareobis gaRviveba. zogjer moswavleebi pasiurad sxedan gakveTilze da usmenen maswavlebels, daRlili TvalebiT cdiloben misdion azrTa msvlelobas. gaazrebuli, Segnebuli, kritikuli aRqmis unaris ganviTarebisaTvis moswavle aqtiurad unda Caebas Ziebis procesSi, e. i. informacia unda aRiqvas, gaiazros da sakuTari sityvebiT, weriT, zepiri metyvelebiT Tu gaTamaSebiT gamoxatos.

raki safuZvliani Semecneba axali informaciis ukve arsebul azrobriv konstruqciasTan Serwymis process warmoadgens, gadamwyvetia gamowvevis stadiis mesame komponenti. is sakiTxis kvlevis miznisa da molodinebis gansazRvras gulisxmobs. miznisa da molodinis dasaxva arsebiTia moswavleTa qmediTobis gansamtkiceblad. mizandasaxuli

18


swavla umiznoze Sedegiania. mxolod unda gamovkveToT orgvari mizandasaxuloba: 1) maswavleblis mier warmarTuli (gare); 2) pirovnuli (Sida), romelic ufro mZlavria.

codnis konstruireba / Sinaarsis realizeba (safexuri B)

meore fazis upirvelesi amocana pirvel fazaze dawyebuli saqmianobisaTvis xelis Sewyoba da gamowvevis etapze gaRvivebuli interesisa da impulsis SenarCunebaa. am etapze maswavlebeli iyenebs mravalferovan individualur da jgufur aqtivobebs: demonstrirebas, praqtikul varjiSs, asaTvisebeli Sinaarsis Sesaxeb diskusiis warmarTvas, kritikul analizs, TvalsazrisTa Sepirispirebasa da Sejerebas.

meore umTavresi amocana imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mxari avubaT moswavleTa mcdelobas, gaakontrolon sakuTari aRqmis unari. kargi moswavleebi rogorc ki axal informacias waawydebian, maSinve sakuTari aRqmis procesis kontrols iwyeben. magaliTad, Tuki kiTxvis dros aseTi moswavleebi Seatyoben, rom kargad ver igeben teqsts, isini xelaxla ubrundebian wakiTxuls. kargi msmeneli mowodebuli masalis mosmenisas SekiTxvas svams an saTanado aRniSvnebs akeTebs. pasiuri mkiTxveli an msmeneli ubralod gverds uvlis Seferxebebs aRqmaSi da ar adardebs gaugebari an gamotovebuli momentebi.

gamTlianeba / refleqsia (safexuri C)

refleqsia niSnavs sakuTar qmedebebze (qcevaze, azrovnebaze, grZnobebze) koncentrirebasa da dafiqrebas, rac xSirad maTze zemoqmedebis winapirobaa. kargi moswavle xSirad svams refleqsiur SekiTxvebs: ra viswavle (ras vswavlob)? rogor viswavle (rogor vswavlob)?

SeiZleba gamoikveTos refleqsiis stadiisaTvis niSandoblivi ramdenime arsebiTi, dadebiTi aspeqti. umTavresi isaa, rom am fazaze moswavlisagan moelian im Tvalsazrisisa Tu informaciis sakuTari sityvebiT gamoxatvas, romelsac is wina fazebze Seexo. es aucilebelia axali azrobrivi sqemebis (sqematebis) asagebad. safuZvliani Seswavla da siRrmiseuli gacnobiereba pirovnul mocemulobebzea damokidebuli. moswavles yvelaze ukeT is amaxsovrdeba, rasac misTvis sacnaur konteqstSi iTavisebs da sakuTari sityvebiT gaacocxlebs.

19

wigniereba

aRqma maSinaa safuZvliani, rodesac informacia konteqstur sqemaSi Tavsdeba, cnebaTa axlebur yalibSi eqceva da nacnob, „pirovnul leqsikonSi“ hpovebs asaxvas.

am fazis meore amocanaa moswavleTa Soris azrTa jansaRi gacvlagamocvla da amis safuZvelze maTi Tvalsazrisis gamomxatveli leqsikonis gamdidreba. refleqsiis fazaze diskusiaSi Cabmis wyalobiT moswavleebi sxvadasxva saazrovno konstruqciasTan muSaoben. es aris cvlilebebisa da rekonceptualizaciis safexuri swavlis procesSi. am stadiaze axali informaciis integraciis mravalgvar saSualebaTa moqnilad aprobireba codnis praqtikulad da mizandasaxulad gamoiyenebas uwyobs xels.

swavlaswavlebis samfaziani modelis ZiriTadi amocanebi safexurebis mixedviT

gamowveva Sinaarsis realizeba refleqsia

• saswavlo miznisa da Sesabamisi molodinebis gansazRvra • SinaarsTan dakavSirebuli winare codnisa da gamocdilebis gaaqtiureba• winare codnis araformaluri Sefaseba, araswori warmodgenebis gamokveTa• pozitiuri ganwyobis Seqmna, yuradRebis koncentrireba, interesisa da swavlis motivaciis gaRviveba

• saswavlo masalis gacnoba• informaciis moZiebadamuSaveba• axali codnis konstruireba• ZiriTadi sakiTxebisa da qvesakiTxebis gamokveTa • gakveTilisadmi pirovnuli kavSirebis gamokveTa• SekiTxvebis dasma SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT• molodinebis gadaxedva da realur procesTan Sedareba

• ZiriTadi ideebis Sejameba• Camoyalibebuli Sexedulebebis gaziareba• pirovnuli gamoxmaureba• miRebuli codnis mniSvnelobisa da sargeblianobis gansazRvra• codnis gaRrmavebisaTvis saWiro axali SekiTxvebis Camoyalibeba• saswavlo procesSi sakuTari monawileobis Sefaseba

swavlebis es modeli werakiTxvis aqtivobebzec vrceldeba. anu, SeiZleba visaubroT kiTxvis sam fazaze:

1. pirveli faza (wakiTxvamde): am fazaze gamoyenebuli meTodebi xels uwyobs moswavles/mkiTxvels, gaixsenos, ra icis ukve am sakiTxis Sesaxeb (igulisxmeba rogorc sakuTari codnis, ise damokidebulebebis Sefaseba). aseve aReZras interesi da cnobismoyvareoba teqstis Sinaarsis mimarT. am fazis mniSvnelovani Sedegia mkiTxvelis mier kiTxvis aqtivobaSi monawileobis miznis gacnobiereba da motivaciis aRmoceneba.

20


2. meore faza (kiTxva): am fazaze gamoyenebuli meTodebi xels uwyobs moswavles/mkiTxvels Sinaarsis gaazrebasa da wakiTxulis mniSvnelobis konstruirebaSi. mkiTxveli cdilobs, moiZios pasuxebi pirvel fazaze da TviT kiTxvis procesSi dasmul SekiTxvebze. aseve, mkiTxveli Tvalyurs adevnebs wakiTxulis gaazrebis process (monitoringi) da moiSveliebs sagangebo xerxebs, roca wakiTxulis gageba ferxdeba.

3. mesame faza (wakiTxvis Semdeg): am fazaze gamoyenebuli meTodebi exmareba moswavles/mkiTxvels, sabolood Seajamos wakiTxuli Sinaarsi. aseve, dafiqrdes ukve wakiTxulis gaazrebis xarisxis Sesaxeb. am safexurze mkiTxveli gamokveTs imas, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovani da dasamaxsovrebelia. amas emateba axali SekiTxvebi, romlebic sakiTxis kidev ufro Rrmad gacnobierebisTvis aris saWiro.

3.2..kiTxvisa.da.weris.meTodebi

aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemul standartSi ganxiluli 5 mimarTuleba swavlis yvelaze Zlieri sayrdenebia ara mxolod mSobliuri enis, aramed nebismieri sagnis Seswavlisas. aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmZRvaneloSi aRwerili meTodebi swored am mimarTulebebis mixedviT iqneba aRwerili. amasTan erTad, wignSi mocemulia kiTxvisa da weris meTodebis cxrilebi, romlebSic dawvrilebiTaa naCvenebi, esa Tu is meTodi gakveTilis romel fazaze, wignierebis romeli mimarTulebis gansaviTareblad da ra tipis teqstebze samuSaod SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli. vfiqrobT, es yvelaferi maswavleblebs mniSvnelovnad gauadvilebs ama Tu im gakveTilis miznebis Sesabamisi konkretuli meTodis SerCevas.

oriode sityviT SevCerdeT standartis pirvel mimarTulebaze. sityvebis amocnoba da dekodireba gulisxmobs, rom moswavles SeuZlia daadginos asobgeriTi Sesatyvisobebi, anu aRiqvas gamoTqmul bgerasa da daweril asos Soris arsebul kavSiri, SeuZlia anbanuri principis gagebagamoyeneba da ama Tu is sityvis sworad amokiTxva. moswavleebSi am kompetenciebis ganviTareba, Cveulebriv, werakiTxvis dawyebis pirvelive etapze xdeba. dekodirebis unaris ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi safexuria sityvebis mTlianad amocnoba, rac efeqturi mkiTxvelis erTerTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia.

21

wigniereba

vinaidan, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, mocemuli standarti gulisxmobs, rom samizne jgufi ukve unda flobdes wignierebis garkveul kompetenciebs (bavSvebs unda SeeZloT wera da kiTxva), qvemoT mocemuli meTodebi SedarebiT naklebadaa mimarTuli dekodirebisa da sityvebis amocnobis unarebis ganviTarebisken, romelTa Camoyalibebis procesic wignierebis ufro adreul etapze mimdinareobs. Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom Tu saswavlo procesis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli SeniSnavs, rom bavSvebi srulyofilad ar floben fonetikur (anbanis) da wignis/teqstis konceptebis codnas, man, upirveles yovlisa, am komponentebSi arsebuli xarvezebi unda Seavsos da mxolod amis Semdeg gadavides wignierebis danarCeni aspeqtebis ganviTarebaze. amaSi maswavlebels mniSvnelovan daxmarebas gauwevs ori efeqturi meTodi: didi wignebis erToblivi kiTxva2 da enobrivi praqtika3.

qvemoT mocemulia danarCeni oTxi ZiriTadi mimarTulebis mokle mimoxilva.

1. leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba

cnobilia, rom teqstis gagebisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania sityvebis mniSvnelobis codna da leqsikuri maragis gafarToeba. swavlis procesSi bavSvebi aqtiurad iyeneben TavianT leqsikur marags da droTa ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad imdidreben mas. amis saukeTeso saSualebas ki mravalferovan masalaze muSaoba warmoadgens. sasurvelia, maswavlebelma gaugebari sityvebi Tu frazebi sxvadasxvagvarad ganumartos moswavleebs: gamoiyenos konteqsturi gasaRebebi, Tavad auxsnas maTi mniSvneloba, axladSeswavlili sityvebiT Seadgeninos winadadebebi, gaaazrebinos sityvis Semadgeneli calkeuli nawilebi, gamoiyenos axali sityvebi Tu gamoTqmebi situaciur saubarSi da a.S.

2. gamarTuli kiTxva

gamarTuli kiTxvis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia: uSecdomod, saTanado tempiT, gabmiTa da swori intonaciiT kiTxva. gamarTulad mkiTxveli Cumad kiTxvis dros dekodirebis gareSe, avtomaturad amoicnobs sityvebs da advilad igebs teqstis Sinaarss; ar uWirs

2 meTodis Sesaxeb saswavlo filmi „kiTxvs efeqturi meTodebi“ ixileT maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris vebgverdze: http://tpdc.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8115&Itemid=71&lang=ka3 dawyebiTi safexuris maswavleblis meToduri gzamkvlevi, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, Tbilisi, 2010

22


xmamaRla kiTxva, sasven niSnebTan saTanado pauzebs akeTebs da irCevs Sesabamis intonacias. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gamarTuli kiTxva erTgvari xidia teqstis dekodirebasa da gaazrebas Soris4.

3. wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba da teqstis interpretacia

gansxvavebiT dekodirebisa da sityvebis amocnobisagan, wakiTxulis gaazreba teqstis siRrmiseuli Semecnebis procesia da masSi gadmocemuli azrebis gacnobierebasa da konstruirebas gulisxmobs. amisaTvis ki maswavlebelma bavSvebs ramdenime ZiriTadi meTodi unda SesTavazos, romlebsac isini mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gamoiyeneben. esenia: teqstis vizualizeba, varaudebis Camoyalibeba, axsnaganmarteba, SekiTxvebis dasma, kavSirebis damyareba, Sejameba da a.S.

4. wera

wera wignierebis erTerTi umniSvnelovanesi mimarTulebaa. igi adamians saSualebas aZlevs sakuTari nafiqri, saTqmeli, gzavnili werilobiT gadmosces. weris unaris ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels moswavleebs, gaxdnen ufro dakvirvebulebi, CauRrmavdnen, erTi mxriv, sakuTar Tavs, meore mxriv ki _ garesamyaros. weris procesSi CarTuli moswavleebi gacilebiT meti yuradRebiT kiTxuloben sxvaTa nawerebs (Tanaklaselebidan dawyebuli, cnobili mwerlebiT damTavrebuli), meti pasuxismgeblobiT ekidebian TiToeuli sityvisa Tu frazis gamoyenebas werisas, cdiloben TavianTi leqsikuri maragis Sevsebas, ismenen da iziareben erTmaneTis rCevebs, eCvevian kritikul azrovnebas.

sagangebod unda gaesvas xazi zepiri metyvelebis integrirebis mniSvnelobas wignierebis ganviTarebis procesSi. kiTxva da weriTi metyveleba mWidrod ukavSirdeba azris/ideis/Sexedulebis/gzavnilis zepirad gadmocemis unars. saxelmZRvaneloSi aRwerili meTodebis umravlesoba moicavs iseT aqtivobebs, rogorebicaa, magaliTad, diskusia, zepiri msjeloba, wyvilebSi an jgufebSi saubari da sxv. es aqtivobebi xSirad gamoiyeneba kiTxvisa da weris samive fazaze da xels uwyobs moswavleebs sxvadasxva saganSi nebismieri sakiTxis gaazrebasa da aTvisebaSi. maswavlebelma saTanado dro da yuradReba unda dauTmos zepiri metyvelebis aqtivobebis integrirebas werakiTxvis swavlebis procesSi.

4 kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, Tbilisi, 2010

23

wigniereba

3.3..kiTxvis.meTodebis.cxrili.

meTodina

rat

iul

i (T

xrobi

Ti) t

eqst

i

informa

ciu

li

teq

sti

inst

ruqc

iul

i teq

sti

gama

rTul

i ki

Txv

a

leq

siku

ri

marag

i

gage

bag

aazreb

a

wera

waki

Txv

amde

kiTxv

a

waki

Txv

is S

emdeg

marTuli (orientirebuli) kiTxvis aqtivoba

+ + + + + + + +

marTuli kiTxvis/mosmenisa da gaazrebis aqtivoba

+ + + + + + + + +

warmosaxvis gzamkvlevi + + + + + + +

cnebis ruka + + + + + + + +

„mainteresebs“ + + + + + +

ganmeorebiTi kiTxva + + + + +

mkiTxvelTa Teatri + + + + +

wakiTxva da SekiTxvebis dasma

+ + + + + + +

sadiskusio qseli + + + + + + +

orsvetiani dRiuri + + + + + +

kiTxva wyvilebSi + + + + + +

gaseirneba ilustraciebSi + gonebrivi ieriSi wyvilebSi

+ + + + + +

dafiqrdi – dawyvildi – gauziare

+ + + + + + + +

literaturuli wre + + + + + + +

kiTxvebi da pasuxebi (QAR) + + + + + +

viciminda vicodeviswavle

+ + + + + + +

moTxrobis (ambis) ruka

+ + + + + +

24


moTxrobis (ambis) piramida

+ + + + + +

vennis diagrama + + + + + + + +

sityvebis gamomZiebeli

+ + + + + + + + +

wasvliswina baraTebi + + + + + +

3.4..kiTxvis.swavlebis.efeqturi.meTodebi

marTuli (orientirebuli) kiTxvis aqtivoba (mka/oka)

meTodiia Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba, wakiTxulis gagebagaazreba.

meTodis aRwera:

„marTuli kiTxvis aqtivoba“ (mka) gamoiyeneba moswavleTa Cumi kiTxvis procesis koordinirebisTvis. process Tan sdevs gagebaze orientirebuli SekiTxvebis dasma. maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas, xolo moswavleebi kiTxuloben teqsts SesaZlo pasuxebis mosaZebnad, Semdeg ki pasuxis garSemo jgufebSi diskusia imarTeba. es meTodi fokusirebulia teqstis gagebaze da ara sworad amokiTxvaze. igi gamoiyeneba rogorc TxrobiT, ise sainformacio teqstebTan samuSaod.

„marTuli kiTxvis aqtivoba“ gvaZlevs saSualebas, rom:

teqstis Cumad wakiTxvamde interesis gamRvivebeli SekiTxvebis dasmiT davexmaroT bavSvebs gaazrebul kiTxvaSi;

gavaZlieroT moswavleebSi maRali donis (Rrma) SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis unari;

SekiTxvebis dasmisa da teqstis Cumad wakiTxvis gziT gadavitanoT fokusi gagebagaazrebaze;

yuradReba gavamaxviloT varaudebze, rogorc gaazrebuli kiTxvis mniSvnelovan aspeqtze; xeli SevuwyoT moswavleebs, rom gamoiyenon TavianTi winare codna da kritikuli azrovnebis unari, raTa axali azrebi da ideebi ganaviTaron;

mivceT maswavlebels saSualeba, raTa gaacnos moswavleebs literaturuli teqstis elementebi, rogorebicaa, magaliTad, siuJetis ageba da suraTxatebis Seqmna;

25

wigniereba

vuCvenoT bavSvebs magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor waikiTxon SemdgomSi damoukideblad rogorc TxrobiTi, ise sainformacio teqstebi.

meTodis gamoyenebis safexurebi:

1. SeamzadeT moswavleebi konkretul Temaze dafiqrebisaTvis. qvemoT mocemuli CamonaTvalidan gamoiyeneT molodinebis gansazRvris erTerTi aqtivoba:

teqstis winaswari mimoxilva _ bavSvebs uCveneT wignis yda da waukiTxeT saTauri. imsjeleT, raTa gaigoT, Tu ra ician bavSvebma ukve am TemasTan dakavSirebiT. aseve sTxoveT dasvan kiTxvebi wasakiTxi teqstis Sesaxeb.

terminebis/sityvebis winaswari ganxilva _ teqstidan amoarCieT ramdenime sakvanZo sityva. sTxoveT moswavleebs am sityvebis safuZvelze gamoTqvan varaudebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras SeiZleba Seexos wasakiTxi teqsti.

winaswari minileqcia _ moswavleebs waukiTxeT mokle leqcia an mieciT mokle ganmarteba wasakiTx TemasTan dakavSirebiT. Semdeg dasviT SekiTxvebi, romlebze pasuxebis gacemasac, savaraudod, teqstis wakiTxvis Sedegad SeZleben.

2. dayaviT teqsti oTx an xuT monakveTad. moamzadeT SekiTxvebi TiToeuli monakveTisaTvis. kiTxvebi unda exebodes teqstis yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawilebs. qvemoT mocemulia SekiTxvebis nimuSi:

waikiTxeT, raTa gaarkvioT, vin arian Txzulebis mTavari gmirebi da sad viTardeba moqmedeba.

rogorebi arian mTavari gmirebi?

waikiTxeT da gamoarkvieT ZiriTadi problema, romlis winaSec dgas mTavari gmiri.

waikiTxeT, raTa gaarkvioT, Tu ras akeTebs mTavari gmiri problemis gadasaWrelad.

waikiTxeT, raTa gaarkvioT, Tu ra moxda mTavari gmiris qmedebis Sedegad. rogor ganviTarda movlenebi Txzulebis dasasruls? SeadareT dasasruli Txzulebis dasawyiss.

3. dasviT kiTxvebi TiToeuli monakveTis wakiTxvamde. sTxoveT moswavleebs, Cumad waikiTxon teqsti kiTxvebze pasuxis mosaZebnad.

2�


4. TiToeuli monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs, erTmaneTs gauziaron pasuxebi, miubrundnen xolme teqsts da ipovon is adgili, romelic adasturebs maT pasuxs. Sesabamisi adgilebi maT amjerad xmamaRla unda waikiTxon.

5. warmarTeT specialuri aqtivoba teqstis dedaazris gamosarkvevad. moswavleebma SesaZloa gaiTamaSon/ganasaxieron, daasaTauron sayvareli monakveTebi an upasuxon sxvadasxva donis SekiTxvebs (blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT).

marTuli.kiTxvis/mosmenisa.da.gaazrebis.aqtivoba

meTodi Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba, wakiTxulis gagebagaazreba, wera.

meTodis aRwera:

„marTuli kiTxva/mosmena da gaazreba“ „marTuli kiTxvis aqtivobis“ (mka) variaciaa. es aqtivoba gamoiyeneba kiTxvis interesis gasaRviveblad da eyrdnoba varaudis gamoTqmasa da mis dadasturebas Soris arsebul dinamikas. meTodi sruldeba 610 kacian jgufebSi, vinaidan es raodenoba sakmarisia, erTi mxriv, mravalferovani varaudebis gamoTqmisaTvis da, meore mxriv, yvela moswavlis aqtiuri monawileobisaTvis. umjobesia, Tu moswavleebi dajgufebulni iqnebian kiTxvis SesaZleblobebis mixedviT. meTodi, agreTve, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT maswavleblisa da moswavleebis erToblivi muSaobisaTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebeli Tavadac ise moiqceva, TiTqos ara aqvs teqsti wakiTxuli. SesaZloa, teqstis wakiTxvamde saubris dros SemTxveviT araswori varaudebic gamoTqvas, raTa bavSvebis mier msjelobis procesSi Cabma ufro waaxalisos.

maswavlebelma unda SearCios oTxi an xuTi adgili pauzisTvis da daanawevros teqsti daaxloebiT erTi da imave zomis monakveTebad. pauzebi im wertilebSi unda daisvas, sadac mkiTxvels garkveuli informacia miewodeba da uCndeba interesi, Tu ra moxdeba SemdgomSi. pirveli pauza, Cveulebriv, saTauris Semdeg keTdeba. meTodi xels uwyobs moswavleebSi gaazrebuli kiTxvis unaris Camoyalibebas, varaudebis gamoTqmisa da argumentirebuli msjelobis unarebis ganviTarebas.

27

wigniereba


1. uTxariT moswavleebs, rom Tqven apirebT teqstis/Txzulebis erTad wakiTxvas varaudebis gamoyenebiT. aucilebelia, rom maT zustad Seasrulon Tqveni miTiTebebi. auxseniT, rom Tavdapirvelad maT unda gamoTqvan varaudebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ris wakiTxvas apirebT.

2. waakiTxeT moswavleebs teqstis patarpatara monakveTebi da periodulad SewyviteT kiTxva. Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebi SeCerdnen zustad Tqven mier miTiTebul adgilas da ar ganagrZon kiTxva, sanam Tqvengan miTiTebas ar miiReben.

3. uTxariT moswavleebs, Tu ra Janrisaa Txzuleba _ ambavi, zRapari, xalxuri Tqmuleba da a. S. Janris dasaxelebis Semdeg sTxoveT maT gamoTqvan azri, Tu rogor gmirebTan mouwevT Sexvedra; agreTve, movlenebis rogor ganviTarebas elian.

4. waikiTxeT saTauri da aCveneT misi Sesabamisi suraTi/ilustracia (Tuki es SesaZlebelia). hkiTxeT bavSvebs, rogor hgoniaT, ra moxdeba? SeaxseneT, rom ar aris aucilebeli, danamdvilebiT icodnen pasuxi. sTxoveT, daZabon warmosaxva da scadon mixvedra. miexmareT, rom pasuxebi rac SeiZleba konkretuli iyos. CamowereT dafaze zogierTi maTgani (datoveT dafaze sakmarisi adgili momdevno pauzebis dros gamoTqmuli komentarebis dasawerad). teqstis wakiTxvamde sTxoveT moswavleebs, ganixilon gamoTqmuli varaudebi da gonebaSi airCion maTgan erTerTi, yvelaze sarwmuno. kiTxvis procesSi es varaudi sul unda axsovdeT.

5. pauzis adgilas SewyviteT kiTxva. sTxoveT klass gadaxedon varaudebs da gadaamowmon, romeli maTgani dadasturda teqstis mixedviT da romeli _ ara. miaTiTebineT teqstidan konkretuli adgilebi: romeli varaudebi asrulda? ra samxilebi moipoveba teqstSi? meti sicxadisTvis SegiZliaT dafaze plus niSniT moniSnoT is varaudebi, romlebic asrulda, minusiT isini, romlebic ar asrulda, xolo kiTxvis niSniT varaudebi, romlebic jerjerobiT kvlavac gaurkvevelia.

kiTxeT moswavleebs, Tu rogor viTardeba movlenebi TxzulebaSi.

6. ganxilvis Semdeg sTxoveT bavSvebs, gamoTqvan axali varaudebi, amoarCion maTgan ramdenime metnaklebad sarwmuno da ganagrZon kiTxvis procesi imgvarad, rogorc es zemoT aris aRwerili.

28


7. rodesac monakveTis kiTxvas daasruleben, kvlav gadaxedeT varaudebs da hkiTxeT moswavleebs, Tu ram miaxvedra isini, romeli iyo swori varaudi. rogor daexmara maT moqmedi gmirebis, siuJetisa Tu Janris gaazreba varaudebis CamoyalibebaSi? waaxaliseT, rom moZebnon teqstSi damadasturebeli TvalsaCino magaliTebi.

SeniSvnebi:

„marTuli kiTxvis/mosmenisa da gaazrebis meTodiT“ muSaobisas maswavlebeli Ria SekiTxvebs svams: „rogor ggoniaT, ra moxdeba?“ „ratom fiqrobT ase?“ ufro konkretulma SekiTxvebma SeiZleba bavSvebs SeuzRudos varaudebze dafiqrebis iniciativa. aq mTavaria, bavSvma iswavlos sakuTari SekiTxvebis dasma imis Sesaxeb, rasac kiTxulobs.

arsebobs ramdenime gza „marTuli kiTxvisa da gaazrebis aqtivobis“ Casatareblad, rac moswavleebs uadvilebs muSaobas. erTerTia teqstis xmamaRali wakiTxva maswavleblis da ara moswavleebis mier (meTodis es variacia cnobilia marTuli mosmenisa da gaazrebis aqtivobis saxeliT).

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavleebs varaudebis gamoTqma uWirT an Zalian scildebian Temas, sasurvelia Tavad SesTavazoT ori savaraudo varianti da Semdeg hkiTxoT, Tu romeli asruldeba, maTi azriT.

qvemoT mocemulia marTuli kiTxvisa da gaazrebis sqema, romelsac moswavleebi avseben etapobrivad, damoukideblad an maswavleblis daxmarebiT.

rogor fiqrobT, ra moxdeba ?

ratom fiqrobT ase ?

ra moxda?

saTauris wakiTxvis Semdeg

pirveli monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg

meore monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg

dasasrulis wakiTxvis Semdeg

29

wigniereba

warmosaxvis gzamkvlevi

meTodi Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba, wakiTxulis gagebagaazreba.

meTodis aRwera:

„warmosaxvis gzamkvlevi“ mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels moswavleebSi fantaziis, SemoqmedebiTobis, interpretaciis unarebis ganviTarebas. mxatvrul teqstze muSaobisas am meTodis gamoyeneba bavSvebs aTavisuflebs CarCoebisgan da aZlevs maT gmirebis, konkretuli sakiTxis//problemis sxvadasxva WrilSi danaxvis saSualebas.


1. warudgineT klass wasakiTxi nawarmoebi. Tu SesaZlebelia, uCveneT nawarmoebis Temaze Sesrulebuli ilustraciebi.

2. waukiTxeT moswavleebs nawarmoebi, an sTxoveT, rom Tavad waikiTxon.

3. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom daxuWon Tvalebi da Seasrulon Semdegi moqmedebebi:

warmoidginon sakuTari Tavi gmiris rolSi;

ecadon, rom dainaxon da SeigrZnon nawarmoebSi aRwerili garemoebebi;

dafiqrdnen da warmoidginon, rogor gamoiyurebian nawarmoebis personaJebi, maTi garegnoba, grZnobebi da moqmedebebi, aseve is, Tu rogor reagireben isini nawarmoebSi aRweril movlenebze.

4. sTxoveT moswavleebs, moifiqron sityvebi/winadadebebi, romlebic gamoxatavs gmiris grZnobebsa da fiqrebs nawarmoebSi aRwerili garemoebebis, problemis an sxva personaJebis mimarT.

5. CamowereT moswavleebis mier CamoTvlili sityvebi/winadadebebi dafaze da imsjeleT klasSi maT Sesaxeb. sasurvelia, rom mTeli klasi CaabaT gamarTul diskusiaSi.

30


cnebis.ruka


meTodis aRwera:

„cnebis ruka“ exmareba moswavles informaciisa da cnebebis organizebaSi. am meTodiT muSaobis procesSi moswavles uwevs klasebsa da kategoriebze, niSanTvisebebsa da maxasiaTeblebze, nimuSebsa da magaliTebze fiqri. meTodis gamoyeneba metad efeqturia leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebisa da mniSvnelovani cnebebis aTvisebisaTvis. „cnebis rukaze“ muSaoba moiTxovs pasuxebis Ziebas iseT SekiTxvebze, rogorebicaa:

ra aris ....................... ? ras hgavs igi? ra magaliTebis moyvana SeiZleba masTan dakavSirebiT?

ra aris ...............is mizezi? ra aris ...................is Sedegi?

moswavlem winaswar unda waikiTxos teqsti, raTa moniSnos sakvanZo sityvebi da winadadebebi.

arsebobs „cnebis rukis“ ramdenime varianti. qvemoT mocemulia cnebis rukis gamoyenebis magaliTi Temaze „wiTela“.


1. warudgineT klass wasakiTxi teqsti.

2. kiTxvis dawyebamde hkiTxeT moswavleebs, smeniaT Tu ara raime wiTelas daavadebis Sesaxeb.

3. teqstis pirveli monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg daxazeT dafaze ovali da CawereT wiTela. swored am cnebis garSemo aageben moswavleebi cnebis rukas.

4. daxazeT meore ovali da CawereT „mizezebi“. daakavSireT ori ovali (magaliTad, centraluri ovalidan mimarTuli isriT). SeaxseneT moswavleebs, rom teqstis pirveli monakveTi aRwers wiTelas gamomwvev mizezebs.

31

wigniereba

5. sTxoveT moswavleebs, Tavadac daxazon aseTive ruka rveulebSi/furclebze da wyvilebSi imsjelon wiTelas gamomwvevi mizezebis Sesaxeb, Semdgom ki Camoweron es mizezebi meore ovalSi (an gverdiT miaweron meore ovals).

6. SesTavazeT ramdenime msurvels, gauziaron mewyvilesTan Sejerebuli mosazrebebi mTel klass. saubris procesSi CamowereT gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi dafaze, meore ovalTan.

7. sTxoveT moswavleebs, waikiTxon momdevno monakveTi.

8. daxazeT mesame ovali da CawereT „simptomebi“. daakavSireT centraluri ovali mesame ovalTan. SeaxseneT moswavleebs, rom meore monakveTSi wiTelas simptomebia aRwerili.

9. sTxoveT moswavleebs, wyvilebSi gaixsenon informacia teqstidan da TavianT furclebze Seavson rukis mesame ovali („simptomebi“).

10. kvlav SesTavazeT ramdenime msurvels, gauziaron mewyvilesTan Sejerebuli mosazrebebi mTel klass. CamowereT gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi dafaze, mesame ovalSi (an mis gverdiT).

11. daxazeT meoTxe, SedarebiT mcire zomis ovali da gaxazeT isari centraluri ovalidan am meoTxe ovalamde. sTxoveT moswavleebs ivaraudon, ris Sesaxeb iqneba mesame monakveTi. msjelobis dasrulebis Semdeg CawereT ovalSi „mkurnaloba“. sTxoveT moswavleebs, isaubron wiTelas mkurnalobisa da prevenciis SesaZlo gzebze.

12. sTxoveT moswavleebs, waikiTxon teqstis bolo monakveTi da yuradReba gaamaxvilon msjelobis dros gamoTqmul ideebze.

13. sTxoveT moswavleebs, wyvilebSi Seadaron sakuTari namuSevrebi da TavianT furclebze Seavson rukis meoTxe ovali.

14. sTxoveT ramdenime msurvels, gauziaron mewyvilesTan Sejerebuli azrebi mTel klass.

15. CamowereT gamoTqmuli azrebi dafaze, meoTxe ovalTan.

32


„mainteresebs“

meTodi Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: wakiTxulis gagebagaazreba, wera.

meTodis aRwera:

„mainteresebs“ gamoiyeneba teqstis wakiTxvamde (anu I fazaze) da exmareba moswavleebs teqstTan dakavSirebiT varaudebis CamoyalibebaSi. SesaZlebelia misi gamoyeneba wakiTxvis Semdgom fazazec, raTa moswavleebma dasvan damatebiTi SekiTxvebi sakiTxis ukeT Sesaswavlad. dasmuli SekiTxvebi xels uwyobs weris procesisTvis momzadebas an sxva aqtivobebze gadasvlas.

cnebis rukis nimuSi

mizezebi simptomebi

mkurnaloba

• wiTelas virusi • temperaturis aweva• intoqsikacia• . . . . . . . . .• . . . . . . . . .

• woliTi reJimi• dieta• didi raodenobiT siTxe• .....................• .....................

wiTela

33

wigniereba


1. uCveneT moswavleebs, rogor Camoayalibon SekiTxvebi „mainteresebs“ qargis mixedviT (mag., mainteresebs, rogor inarCunebs siTbos TeTri daTvi? an mainteresebs, ra moxdeboda, nacarqeqias devi rom ar Sexvedroda?)

2. uTxariT moswavleebs daweron sami (an, Tu survili aqvT, meti) SekiTxva wasakiTxi Temis Sesaxeb.

3. weris dasrulebis Semdeg sTxoveT bavSvebs, wyvilebSi gauziaron erTmaneTs mosazrebebi.

4. SesTavazeT ramdenime msurvels, rom mTel klass gaacnon TavianTi SekiTxvebi.

ganmeorebiTi.kiTxva

meTodi Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebas: gamarTuli kiTxva.

meTodis aRwera:

„ganmeorebiTi kiTxvis“ es versia miznad isaxavs dekodirebis, anu gaSifvris unaris avtomatizebas, moswavleTa gavarjiSebas kiTxvis teqnikis daxvewaSi. es aris savarjiSo, romelic swrafad aviTarebs gamarTulad kiTxvis unars. kvlevam cxadyo, rom erTi da imave teqstis ramdenjerme wakiTxva ara marto aumjobesebs TviT am teqstis kiTxvis teqnikas, aramed mniSvnelovnad zrdis moswavlis motivacias sxva masalis wasakiTxadac. „ganmeorebiTi kiTxva“ individualuri aqtivobaa.


1. SearCieT daaxloebiT 100sityviani teqsti moswavlis akademiuri miRwevis donis Sesabamisad (moswavles unda SeeZlos teqstis sityvebis 9095%is mniSvnelobis gageba). teqsti unda iyos saintereso, magram sasurvelia, siuJeti ar iyos winaswar advilad misaxvedri (Tavi unda

34


aaridoT mkacri qargis mqone teqsts, romelic mravaljer imeorebs romelime monakveTis struqturas).

2. SeadgineT cxrili qvemoT moyvanili nimuSis msgavsad:

moswavlis saxeli da gvari: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

136140131135

126130121125116120111115106110101105961009195869081857680717566706165566051554650414536403135erT wuTSi wakiTxuli sityvebis raodenoba

pirveli wakiTxva

meore wakiTxva

mesame wakiTxva

meoTxe wakiTxva

mexuTe wakiTxva

3. moamzadeT qulebis CasaniSni furceli, romelsac gamoiyenebT moswavlis SefasebisaTvis. swrafad rom CaniSnoT, yoveli me5 sityvis wakiTxvis Semdeg CamousviT erTi xazi feradi fanqriT.

35

wigniereba

4. sTxoveT moswavles, waikiTxos teqsti swrafad da gabmulad. daniSneT kiTxvis dro – zustad 60 wami. mTlianad daTvaleT wakiTxuli sityvebis raodenoba. gamoakeliT arasworad wakiTxuli sityvebi da Sedegi CainiSneT (dasviT wertili) miRebuli ricxvis Sesabamis grafaSi. sTxoveT moswavles, rom ivarjiSos am teqstis kiTxvaSi momdevno wakiTxvamde.

5. ramdenime dRis Semdeg kvlav sTxoveT moswavles, waikiTxos igive teqsti. SeitaneT TiToeuli wakiTxvis Sedegebi Sesabamis grafaSi. daakvirdiT, umjobesdeba Tu ara wakiTxva. SeaerTeT sxvadasxva wakiTxvis dros dasmuli wertilebi xazebiT. Tu miRebuli wiri qvemodan zemoT aris mimarTuli, kiTxvis gamarTuloba winsvlas ganicdis, rac Seqebis Rirsia.

gaxsovdeT, bavSvi bevrad ufro motivirebulia, gaxdes srulyofili mkiTxveli, rodesac TvalnaTliv xedavs sakuTar progress.

mkiTxvelTa.Teatri

meTodi Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: gamarTuli kiTxva, wakiTxulis gagebagaazreba.

meTodis aRwera:

„mkiTxvelTa Teatri“ efeqturi da bunebrivi gzaa gamarTuli kiTxvis dasaxvewad, radganac ama Tu im nawarmoebis zepiri SesrulebiT moswavleebi gaucnobiereblad varjiSoben kiTxvaSi. garda amisa, isini ostatdebian saubarSi da meti interesiTa da pativiscemiT imsWvalebian literaturisadmi. meTodi gamoiyeneba mcire jgufebTan an mTel klasTan samuSaod.


am aqtivobis gansaxorcieleblad dagWirdebaT mcire zomis piesa an zRapari, romelsac winaswar moamzadebT. teqsti im zomisa unda iyos, rom 1015 wuTSi ikiTxebodes. is umeteswilad unda Sedgebodes dialogebisgan, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos rolebis gadanawileba ramdenime mkiTxvelze. gadaxedeT teqsts, gansazRvreT, ramdeni roli geqnebaT da moniSneT is monakveTebi, romlebsac sxvadasxva mkiTxvels

3�


gaunawilebT. dialogebs Soris mozrdili teqstebi SesaZloa dayoT da gadaanawiloT ramdenime mTxrobelze.

„mkiTxvelTa Teatris“ Casatareblad SeasruleT qvemoT aRwerili nabijebi:

1. klasSi teqstis wasakiTxad gamoyaviT moxaliseebi.

2. TiToeul moswavles mieciT teqstis asli da xmamaRla waukiTxeT, rom gamarTulad wakiTxuli varianti moisminon.

3. amis Semdeg waakiTxeT teqsti „gunduri kiTxvis“ meTodiT (jer Tqven waikiTxeT da Semdeg moswavleebs waakiTxeT igive).

4. axla gaunawileT teqsti mkiTxvelebs. Tu teqstis nawilebis raodenoba sakmarisi ar aris, sTxoveT moswavleebs, gacvalon erTmaneTSi mkiTxvelisa da msmenelis rolebi.

5. rodesac bavSvebi waradgenen TavianT samuSaos, daayeneT an dasviT skamebze, piriT auditoriisaken (mayureblisaken). moswavleebi TavianTi rolebis Sesabamisad unda iyenebdnen Jestebs, mimikasa da intonacias. isini unda reagirebdnen Teatris sxva gmirebis qmedebebze sxeulis eniT (JestebiTa da moZraobiT).

6. gaameorebineT scenebi ramdenjerme, raTa maT Txrobas dramatuloba Seematos, xolo kiTxvas gamarTuloba.

wakiTxva.da.SekiTxvebis.dasma


meTodis aRwera:

„wakiTxva da SekiTxvebis dasma“ aris mniSvnelovani meTodi, romelic xels uwyobs moswavleebSi kiTxvis dasmisa da formulirebis unaris ganviTarebas. dasmul SekiTxvebze amomwuravi pasuxebis mosaZebnad ki maT uwevT masalis ramdenjerme gadaxedva da gonebaSi gamTlianeba. SeZenili codna da unarebi bavSvebs mogvianebiT, testirebisa da gamocdisTvis mzadebis drosac mniSvnelovnad gamoadgebaT. meTodi gamoiyeneba rogorc individualurad, ise mcire jgufebSi an mTel klasTan samuSaod.

37

wigniereba

am aqtivobis gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa teqsti (magaliTad, saxelmZRvanelodan aRebuli, ukve ganvlili masalis romelime Tavi an mcire zomis moTxroba), romelsac eqneba saTauri da qvesaTaurebi, ramdenime abzaci mainc.


daurigeT bavSvebs samoqmedo instruqciis dabeWdili aslebi, an aCveneT proeqtoriT da saSualeba mieciT, dawvrilebiT gaecnon mas.

1. waikiTxeT teqsti nawilnawil. waikiTxeT qvesaTauridan momdevno qvesaTauramde, an abzacidan abzacamde. TiToeuli monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg miawereT sakvanZo sityvebi mindorze.

2. mindorze miwerili sakvanZo sityvebi miniSnebebad gamoiyeneT da CamoayalibeT iseTi kiTxvebi, romlebic gavlili masalis gameorebas emsaxureba da romelTa msgavsic, Tqveni azriT, SesaZloa SegxvdeT gamocdaze/testirebaze. SekiTxvebi furcelze CamowereT.

3. axla ifiqreT TiToeuli kiTxvis pasuxze da dawereT furclis ukana mxares.

moswavleebs am davalebis Sesasruleblad mieciT 20 wuTi. garkveuli drois Semdeg CamoiareT klasSi, hkiTxeT bavSvebs, ra sityvebi/terminebi amoweres, ra SekiTxvebi dasves da ra pasuxebi gasces, raime sirTules xom ar gadaawydnen da a.S.

sadiskusio.qseli


meTodis aRwera:

„sadiskusio qselis“ gamoyeneba xels uwyobs moswavleebs, gamoxaton sakuTari Sexedulebebi Tu damokidebulebebi sakiTxis mimarT ama Tu im teqstis wakiTxvamde an wakiTxvis Semdeg. procesSi monawileoba sasargebloa axali codnis ganmtkicebisa da gaRrmavebis, weris procesisTvis momzadebis, kritikuli azrovnebis unaris ganviTarebisaTvis.

38



1. dawereT dafaze iseTi debuleba an SekiTxva, romelic kamaTs gamoiwvevs.

2. sTxoveT moswavleebs, Camoayalibon samsami mizezi, ris gamoc am debulebas unda daveTanxmoT an SevewinaaRmdegoT. aqve SeaxseneT, rom SesaZloa CamoTvlili mizezebi maT pirad Sexedulebebs ar emTxveodes.

3. daurigeT moswavleebs sadiskusio qselis sqemis Sesavsebi furclebi da sTxoveT Seavson TavianTi mosazrebebiT.

sadiskusio qselis sqema

veTanxmebi (pro) vupirispirdebi (con)

daskvna

4. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom wyvilebSi gauziaron erTmaneTs Sexedulebebi, ganumarton mewyviles sakuTari mosazrebebi da, survilis SemTxvevaSi, axali mizezebic daamaton sakuTar sqemas.

5. gaziarebisa da diskusiis dasrulebis Semdeg sTxoveT ramdenime msurvels, rom xmamaRla gamoTqvan TavianTi Sexedulebebi. SeaxseneT moswavleebs, rom am momentisTvis „swori pasuxi“ ar arsebobs da rom yvela mosazrebas Tanabari Zala aqvs.

39

wigniereba

6. yuradReba miaqcevineT moswavleebs sqemis im adgilze, sadac weria „daskvnebi“. sTxoveT daweron individualurad 5wuTiani esei, romelSic sakuTar, pirovnul poziciasa da Sexedulebebs gamoxataven mocemul sakiTxze/problemaze. miuTiTeT, rom SeuZliaT gamoiyenon sadiskusio qselSi mocemuli mizezebi, raTa ganamtkicon sakuTari argumentebi.

orsvetiani.dRiuri.


meTodis aRwera:

„orsvetiani dRiuri“ gamoiyeneba moTxrobis an leqsis kiTxvis procesSi. dRiurSi Setanili CanawerebiT moswavle sakuTar ganwyobadamokidebulebebs gamoxatavs ama Tu im sakiTxis/movlenis/gmiris mimarT. meTodis gamoyenebis erTerTi mizania moswavlis motivaciis gazrda, raTa ukeT daakvirdes detalebs da Rrmad gaiazros nawarmoebis Sinaarsi.


1. sTxoveT moswavleebs, gayon furceli vertikaluri xaziT. gaakeTeT igive dafaze.

2. uTxariT moswavleebs, rom axla daiwyeben kiTxvas ama Tu im konkretul Temaze (dausaxeleT Tema).

3. auxseniT, rom orad gayofili furclis marcxena svetSi maT unda amoweron teqstidan winadadeba an fraza, romelic raimes gveubneba sakiTxis Sesaxeb. uCveneT moswavleebs konkretuli magaliTi, Tu rogor unda Seasrulon es moqmedeba (amowereT teqstidan winadadeba dafaze).

4. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom dafiqrdnen am winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azris mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, Semdeg ki TavianTi naazrevi Caweron marjvena svetSi, teqstidan amowerili winadadebis gaswvriv. „xmamaRla fiqris“ gamoyenebiT uCveneT moswavleebs, rogor Seasrulon es moqmedeba (dawereT gamoTqmuli azrebi dafaze, marjvena svetSi).

40


5. sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaakeTon, sul mcire, 3 Canaweri kiTxvis procesSi. winaswar uTxariT, rom am dRiurebs Sesworebis mizniT ki ar SeagrovebT, aramed moswavleebi maT sakuTari azrebis klasSi gaziarebisaTvis gamoiyeneben.

6. amis Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs, waikiTxon pirveli ramdenime abzaci da amoweron fraza an winadadeba, romelsac marjvena mxares komentars miaweren. SesTavazeT ramdenime msurvels, gauziaron TavianTi Canawerebi klass.

7. sTxoveT, rom damoukideblad gaagrZelon muSaoba teqstis darCenil nawilze.

kiTxva.wyvilebSi

meTodi Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: gamarTuli kiTxva, wakiTxulis gagebagaazreba.

meTodis aRwera:

„kiTxva wyvilebSi“ saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, rom erToblivad waikiTxon teqsti da gadmoscen misi Sinaarsi. Tu wyvilebi gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleebiT dakompleqtdeba, meTodi ormagad sasargeblo iqneba problemuri mkiTxvelebisTvis.


1. daawyvileT moswavleebi da sTxoveT wyvilis erTerT moswavles, rom xmamaRla waukiTxos teqstis pirveli ramdenime abzaci mewyviles. saWiroa wasakiTxi abzacebis raodenobis zustad miTiTeba.

2. sTxoveT wyvilis meore wevrs (msmenels), rom TxrobiT gadmosces wakiTxulis Sinaarsi.

3. sTxoveT moswavleebs, wyvilSi gacvalon rolebi. amjerad meore wevri ukiTxavs pirvels momdevno ramdenime abzacs.

4. sTxoveT wyvilebs, gaagrZelon teqstis kiTxva aRwerili instruqciis mixedviT.

41

wigniereba

gaseirneba.ilustraciebSi.(da.gonebrivi.ieriSi.wyvilebSi)


meTodis aRwera:

„gaseirneba ilustraciebSi“, romelic am SemTxvevaSi Serwymulia „wyvilebSi gonebriv ieriSTan“, gamoiyeneba maSin, roca teqstTan erTad xelmisawvdomia mdidari da metyveli ilustraciebi. maTi daTvaliereba da varaudebis gamoTqma moswavleebSi aRvivebs interess da zrdis teqstis wakiTxvis motivacias.


1. wasakiTxi moTxrobis wardgena daiwyeT wigniT, romlis ydazec Sesabamisi suraTia gamosaxuli. Semdeg wignidan aCveneT ramdenime ilustracia, romlebiTac uSualod moTxrobaa dasuraTebuli. hkiTxeT moswavleebs, maTi azriT, ras Seexeba es moTxroba. amasTan, mieciT saSualeba, rom Tavadac dasvan SekiTxvebi.

2. gamoiyeneT „gonebrivi ieriSi wyvilebSi“. moifiqreT moTxrobaSi gadmocemuli problemis msgavsi situacia. sTxoveT moswavleebs, wyvilebSi moifiqron am problemis gadaWris gza.

3. daaxloebiT xuTi wuTis Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs Sewyviton saubari. SesTavazeT ramdenime wyvilis warmomadgenels, rom gaacnon Sejerebuli mosazrebebi klass. CamowereT SemoTavazebuli variantebi dafaze.

dafiqrdi-dawyvildi-gauziare.(da.gonebrivi.ieriSis.qseli)


meTodis aRwera:

„dafiqrdidawyvildigauziare“, romelic am SemTxvevaSi Serwymulia „gonebrivi ieriSis qselTan“, gamoiyeneba rogorc mxatvrul, ise aRweriT teqstebze samuSaod. meTodi SeiZleba

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gamoyenebuli iyos gakveTilis I fazaze, raTa moswavleebi erTgvarad SevamzadoT wasakiTxi masalisaTvis; agreTve, SeiZleba movargoT III fazasac, raTa bavSvebs saSualeba mivceT, rom xelaxla gadaavlon Tvali nawarmoebs da Seajamon teqstidan miRebuli informacia.


1. gaacaniT moswavleebs gakveTilis Tema da uTxariT, rom mouwevT mocemuli sakiTxis ganxilva TavianTi mosazrebebis mixedviT.

2. mieciT bavSvebs erTi wuTi, raTa individualurad moifiqron da Camoweron sakuTari mosazrebebi sakiTxis Sesaxeb.

3. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom TiToeulma maTganma gauziaros Sexedulebebi gverdiT mjdom mewyviles.

4. mas Semdeg, rac wyvilebi mosazrebebs gacvlian, sTxoveT msurvelebs mokled gaacnon klass, Tu raze imsjeles partniorebTan erTad.

5. daxazeT gonebrivi ieriSis qseli dafaze an did formatze da SeavseT igi bavSvebis mier ganxiluli TemebiTa da qveTemebiT.

6. qselSi moswavleTa azrebis Cawerisas xmamaRla imsjeleT da auxseniT bavSvebs, Tu rogor avsebT qsels, rogor axdenT gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis konstruirebas masSi.

literaturuli.wre

meTodi Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: gamarTuli kiTxva, leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba, wakiTxulis gagebagaazreba, wera.

meTodis aRwera:

„literaturuli wre“ wakiTxuli teqstis gagebasa da gaazrebaze mimarTuli meTodia. am meTodis gamoyeneba xels uwyobs moswavleebis mier strategiuli kiTxvisa da gaazrebis unaris dauflebas. amasTan, izrdeba moswavleTa kiTxvis motivacia da STabeWdilebebisa da azrebis jgufSi gaziarebaganxilvis survili.

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wigniereba


1. dayaviT klasi mcire jgufebad. gaunawileT moswavleebs Semdegi rolebi:

mkiTxveli, romelic xmamaRla waikiTxavs teqsts;

Semajamebeli, romelic Seajamebs wakiTxul monakveTs;

SekiTxvebis damsmeli, romelic dasvams SekiTxvebs wakiTxulis Sesaxeb;

varaudebis gamomTqmeli, romelic gamoTqvams varaudebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra moxdeba Semdeg;

sityvebis momZiebeli, romelic CainiSnavs saintereso/mniSvnelovan/ucxo sityvebs wakiTxuli teqstidan;

reportiori, romelic aRnusxavs jgufSi mimdinare process.

2. kiTxvis dawyebamde mkafiod auxseniT moswavleebs, Tu ras akeTebs TiToeuli rolis mqone moswavle da Tavad aCveneT nimuSi (anu ramdenime wuTiT moirgeT yvela roli).

3. sTxoveT moswavleebs, daiwyon kiTxva. gaafrTxileT, rom unda SeCerdnen TiToeuli monakveTis bolos da daiwyon muSaoba rolebis mixedviT. agreTve, SeaxseneT mkiTxvelis rolis mqone moswavleebs, rom maTze mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli is, Tu rogor Seasruleben jgufis danarCeni wevrebi TavianT movaleobebs. amitomac, maT unda waikiTxon teqsti xmamaRla da mkafiod.

4. gaakeTeT pauza sami monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg. sTxoveT reportiorebs, gaakeTon mcire angariSi jgufis muSaobis Sesaxeb; sTxoveT sityvis momZieblebs, rom daasaxelon amowerili saintereso sityvebi.

5. uTxariT jgufebs, rom gaagrZelon kiTxva teqstis dasrulebamde.

6. kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg hkiTxeT varaudebis gamomTqmelebs, Tu ramdenad gamarTlda jgufebSi gamoTqmuli esa Tu is varaudi; sTxoveT SekiTxvebis damsmelebs, rom waikiTxon ramdenime kiTxva da hkiTxeT, gaeca Tu ara jgufebSi yvela SekiTxvas pasuxi. sTxoveT Semajameblebs, gamokveTon teqstis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi. gamarTeT Semajamebeli diskusia.

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kiTxvebi.da.pasuxebi.(QAR)


meTodis aRwera:

kipa anu kiTxvebisa da pasuxebis urTierTmimarTeba (Question Answer Relationship) aris meTodi, romlis meSveobiTac moswavleebi ecnobian kiTxvebsa da pasuxebs Soris arsebul kavSirs teqstTan mimarTebiT. igi efeqturad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva tipis (TxrobiT da aRweriT) teqstebTan samuSaod, praqtikulad, yvela sagnobriv jgufSi. Tavdapirvelad moswavleebi ecnobian teqstis gaazrebaze orientirebul SekiTxvebs da pasuxebs teqstSi eZeben. Semdeg ki, imisda mixedviT, Tu rogor miakvlies pasuxebisTvis saWiro informacias, axdenen SekiTxvebis kategorizacias. meTodis mixedviT, arsebobs kiTxvapasuxis oTxi kategoria: „iqve, teqstSi“, „ifiqre da moiZie“, „avtori da me“, „me TviTon“.

kipas gamoyeneba mniSvnelovnad exmareba moswavleebs teqstis wakiTxvis miznis gansazRvraSi, wakiTxulis gagebis monitoringSi. garda amisa, igi Searyevs moswavleebSi gavrcelebul stereotips, romlis mixedviTac teqsti yvelafers ambobs anu srulad gadmoscems informacias da ubiZgebs bavSvebs kvlevaZiebisa da kritikuli azrovnebisaken.

kipa efeqturad gamoiyeneba IVX klasebSi, Tumca gamartivebuli saxiT SesaZlebelia misi gamoyeneba III klasSic, xolo ufro gaRrmavebulad XIXII klasebSic.

meTodi SeimuSava rafaelma 1982 wels.


1. SearCieT sakiTxavi teqsti.

2. CamoayalibeT teqstTan dakavSirebuli SekiTxvebi.

mniSvnelovania qvemoT mocemuli oTxive kategoriis TiTo an orori SekiTxvis Camoyalibeba:

45

wigniereba

„iqve, teqstSi“ _ informacia, romelic moswavles SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad dasWirdeba, teqstSi pirdapir aris mocemuli. rogorc wesi, pasuxis Semcveli winadadeba kiTxviTi winadadebis sityvebs imeorebs. moswavles ar sWirdeba pasuxis siRrmiseuli gaazreba da daskvnebis gamotana.

„ifiqre da moiZie“ _ informacia, romelic moswavles SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad dasWirdeba, teqstSia, magram erT, calkeul winadadebaSi ar gvxvdeba. moswavles teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTSi mocemuli informaciis moZieba da dakavSireba mouwevs.

„avtori da me“ _ informacia, romelic moswavles SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad dasWirdeba, teqstSi pirdapir mocemuli ar aris da ufro nagulisxmevia. azris gamosatanad moswavles avtoris mier mocemuli informaciis winare codnasTan Sejereba mouwevs.

„me TviTon“ _ informacia, romelic moswavles SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad dasWirdeba, teqstSi mocemuli ar aris. kargi pasuxis Camosayalibeblad teqstis wakiTxva SeiZleba arc iyos aucilebeli. am kategoriis SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad mniSvnelovania moswavlis winare gamocdileba da damoukideblad fiqris unari.

3. gaecaniT SekiTxvebs moswavleebTan erTad teqstis wakiTxvamde (anu gakveTilis I fazaze). SekiTxvebze winaswari dafiqreba daexmareba moswavleebs teqstTan muSaobis konkretuli miznisa da molodinebis gansazRvraSi.

4. waakiTxeT teqsti moswavleebs. SesaZlebelia gamoiyenoT teqstis wakiTxvis sxvadasxva meTodiia.

5. teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg CautareT moswavleebs mkafio instruqtaJi kiTxvapasuxis oTxi kategoriis Sesaxeb. gaakariT winaswar momzadebuli, formatze gamosaxuli kipas sqema dafaze da/an daurigeT sqemis furclebi bavSvebs individualurad.

mkafiod ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom konkretul teqstTan dakavSirebul SekiTxvebsa da pasuxebs Soris damokidebuleba SeiZleba orgvari iyos: zogjer pasuxebi teqstSia, zogjer ara. Semdeg dayaviT TiToeuli varianti or kategoriad (1. „teqstSi“ – „iqve“; „ifiqre da moiZie“; 2. „Cems gonebaSi“ – „avtori da me“; „me TviTon“).

4�


qvemoT ixileT kipas sqemis ori nimuSi.

6. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom werilobiT upasuxon SekiTxvebs da miuTiTon (miaweron), romeli kategoriis informacia dasWirdaT TiToeuli maTganisaTvis. amisaTvis SesaZlebelia TiToeuli kategoriisaTvis martivi kodebis mofiqreba da gamoyeneba.

7. yvela SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisa da kategoriebis miTiTebis Semdeg CaatareT saklaso diskusia.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom zogjer pasuxis ama Tu im kategoriaze mikuTvneba advili ar aris da zRvruli SemTxvevebic arsebobs. aseT dros moswavleebi erTmaneTs daupirispirdebian imis Taobaze, Tu romeli kategoriis informacia gamoadgaT ama Tu im SekiTxvaze pasuxisaTvis. es savsebiT misaRebi movlenaa da process kidev ufro sainteresos xdis. mTavaria, rom moswavleebma efeqturi argumentebi moiyvanon TavianTi mosazrebebis dasadastureblad.

kiTxvebi da pasuxebi

kipa (QAR) sqema 1


teqstSi Cems gonebaSi

iqve ifiqre da moiZie

avtori da me me TviTon

47

wigniereba


kipa (QAR) sqema 1

wigni

Cems gonebaSi

iqve

pasuxi teqstSia

avtori da me

pasuxi ar aris teqstSi

ifiqre da moiZie

Sekribe da Seajere informacia

me TviTon

teqstis wakiTxva SeiZleba arc ki dagWirdes

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kipa _ magaliTi I (TxrobiTi teqsti)

erTxel

guram rCeuliSvili

erTxel berikacma niCbiT gadaxada qvevrs miwa.

ras Svrebi, papav? SeekiTxa SviliSvili.

guSinRam maWari TuxTuxebda, meSinia qvevri ar iyos gaxeTqili, Svilo.

SviliSvilma qvevrTan Caimuxla, sarqvelze darCenili miwa gadabertya, mere napirebi Semoiwminda. papam axada sarqveli, orSimo moimarjva. didxans ixedeboda SigniT, Semdeg Tavi gaswia da SviliSvils Caaxeda.

_ gaxeTqila, _ Tqva jemalma.

_ ho, _ daudastura papam.

SviliSvili: ase icis, papa, maWarma?

papa: zogjer ho, zogjer ara.

SviliSvili: zogjer ratom?

papa: imitom, rom zogjer qvevris kedeli Txelia.

SviliSvili: mere?

papa: mere, maWari ki zedmetad mduRare.

SviliSvili: zogjer ki?

papa: zogjer ki qvevris kedeli sqelia, maWaric naklebad mduRare.

SviliSvili: mere?

papa: maSin ar skdeba.

SviliSvili: papav, eg qvevri aRar varga?

papa: qvevri ara, maWari ki. rac darCa, ufro kargi Rvino dadgeba.

49

wigniereba

moxucma niCabs wamoavlo xeli da axali ormos Txra daiwyo. papaSviliSvilma saRamomde imuSaves. saRamoxans ezodan mTeli, ufro patara qvevri SemoaTries da ormoSi Caagdes. gamzadebul WurWelSi gadaiRo moxucma gaxeTqilSi darCenili maWari. patara qvevri uceb gaivso. rac darCa, papam kokaSi Caasxa, mere SviliSvili purze gagzavna, TviTon ki mJave amoiRo.

cota dalies.

papam yalioni gaabola.

kidev dalies.

jemali odnav SeTvra.

ramdeni wlisa xar, biWo? gadaawoda moxucma.

Tvrametisa, papav.

moxucma kidev moqaCa, mere kefa moiqeqa.

jer maWari xar, Svilo, uTxra da kefa isev moiqeqa.

SekiTxvebis magaliTebi:

1. risi eSinoda papas? („iqve, teqstSi“)

2. rogor gadaWres papam da SviliSvilma qvevrTan dakavSirebuli problema? („ifiqre da moiZie“)

3. ra damokidebulebaa papasa da SviliSvils Soris? („avtori da me“)

4. sazogadod, ra gansxvavebaa moxucsa da axalgazrdas Soris? („me TviTon“)

50


kipa _ magaliTi II (aRweriTinformaciuli teqsti)

mcxeTa

mcxeTa aris mcxeTamTianeTis mxaris da mcxeTis raionis administraciuli centri. mcxeTa gamocxadebulia qalaqmuzeumad da iuneskos msoflio kulturuli memkvidreobis nusxaSia Setanili. mcxeTis mosaxleoba 2002 wlis aRweris mixedviT 7,7 aTass Seadgens.

tradiciis mixedviT, qalaqis daarseba legendarul mcxeToss miewereba: “qarTlosis sikvdilis Semdeg, misma meuRlem Svilebs gaunawila samflobeloebi. maT Soris ufrosi mcxeTosi daesaxla

mtkvrisa da aragvis SesayarTan, aRaSena qalaqi da uwoda saxeli Tvisi”. igi daarsebuli Cans Zv.w. 1li aTaswleulis me2 naxevarSi. igi qarTlis dedaqalaqad gamxdara azon mefis dros, Zv.w. IV saukuneSi. varaudoben, rom saxelwodeba momdinareobs mesxTa satomo saxelisagan (mesxTa mcxeTa). ramdenime aswleulis Semdeg igi moixsenieba soflad, xolo Semdeg isev qalaqad. oficialurad qalaqad gamocxadda 1956 wels.

mcxeTa mdebareobs mdinareebis mtkvrisa da aragvis SesayarTan, saqarTvelos samxedro gzaze. aq aris

rkinigzis sadguri, kvebis da msubuqi mrewvelobis sawarmoebi, zemo avWalis hesi. qalaqSi kulturisa (umaRlesi saswavleblebi, Teatri, muzeumi) da arqiteqturis mravali Zeglia.

qalaqis teritoriaze arsebuli arqeologiuri Zeglebi saSualebas iZleva Tvali gavadevnoT mis cxovrebas Zv.w. II aTaswleulidan adrefeodalur xanamde. VI saukunidan qarTlis dedaqalaqma TbilisSi gadainacvla, mcxeTa ki saeklesio centrad darCa. mcxeTis da misi Semogarenis RirSesaniSnaobebidan aRsaniSnavia:

akropoli (Zv.w. IVIII ss.) mTavari cixesimagre bagineTis mTaze;

elinisturi epoqis armazcixe;

sapitiaxSos rezidencia armazisxevSi;

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wigniereba

didi mcxeTis Zveli ubnebi: sarkine, wiwamuri, naqulbaqevi, karsani, muxaTgverdi, kaloubankodmani;

jvari (VI s.);

sveticxoveli (XI s.);

samTavro samonastro kompleqsi (XI s.).

mcxeTaSi aris mcxeTaTbilisis eparqiis kaTedra da rezidencia.

SekiTxvebis magaliTebi:

1. sad mdebareobs mcxeTa? („iqve, teqstSi“)

2. riT aris mcxeTa gansakuTrebiT saintereso? („ifiqre da moiZie“)

3. ra saxis turizmis ganviTareba SeiZleba mcxeTasa da mis SemogarenSi? („avtori da me“)

4. riT gamoirCeva istoriuli dedaqalaqebi? („me TviTon“)

vici – minda vicode – viswavle


meTodis aRwera:

„vici – minda vicode – viswavle“ sainformacio teqstebis gaazrebisa da aqtiuri swavlis erTerTi cnobili meTodia. gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc calke aRebuli gakveTilis, aseve Tematuri erTeulis farglebSi, roca sakiTxis Seswavlas ramdenime gakveTili eTmoba. meTodis ganxorcielebis procesi moicavs moswavleTa muSaobas individualurad da jgufebSi.


• wakiTxvamde

Temis wardgena, individualuri gonebrivi ieriSi, gonebrivi ieriSi wyvilebSi, azrebis Camowera „vici“ svetSi, SekiTxvebis Camowera „minda vicode“ svetSi.

52


1. gaacaniT moswavleebs Sesaswavli Tema, gaakeTeT mcire Sesavali, Semdeg ki sTxoveT maT isaubron am Temis garSemo. uTxariT moswavleebs, rom gakveTili Seexeba swored im Temas, romlis garSemoc axla isaubreT. mniSvnelovania, rom bavSvebi dafiqrdnen imaze, Tu ra smeniaT ukve am Temis Sesaxeb. amisaTvis SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT „gonebrivi ieriSi“ TiToeulma moswavlem furcelze Camoweros yvelaferi, rac ki icis an hgonia, rom icis am sakiTxze. damoukidebeli muSaobisTvis moswavleebs mieciT 2 wuTi.

2. procesis Semdgomi etapia „gonebrivi ieriSi wyvilebSi“. sTxoveT moswavleebs, gauziaron TavianTi CamonaTvali gverdiT mjdoms da Seavson furclebi mewyvilis naazreviT. mieciT maT damatebiTi 2 wuTi Camowerili informaciis Sedarebisa da urTierTgaziarebisTvis.

3. dafa gayaviT sam svetad da TiToeuli sveti daasaTaureT: `vici”, `minda vicode”, `viswavle”.

vici minda vicode viswavle

sTxoveT wyvilebs, gamoTqvan azrebi am Temis garSemo. Tuki Tavs ikaveben, sTxoveT, waikiTxon sakuTari Canawerebi. mas Semdeg, rac wyvilebi gagiziareben TavianT azrebs, SegiZliaT maTi dajgufeba kategoriebis mixedviT. SeavseT sveti „vici”. gadaxedeT informacias da gaamaxvileT yuradReba, rom sakmaod bevri scodniaT am Temis Sesaxeb.

4. Semdeg miubrundiT svets saTauriT: „minda vicode“. hkiTxeT klass: „vis aqvs SekiTxva am TemasTan dakavSirebiT?“, „ra gsurT icodeT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb?“. CamowereT SekiTxvebi meore svetSi. kvlav gaamaxvileT moswavleebis yuradReba svetze „vici“ da hkiTxeT, Tu kidev risi codna esaWiroebaT maT. svetSi „minda vicode“ aseve SegiZliaT sakuTari kiTxvebis Camowerac, Tuki iciT, rom teqstSi SegxvdebaT iseTi ram, rac moswavleebs ar uxsenebiaT. gaiTvaliswineT, rom kiTxvebis umetesoba moswavleebisgan unda modiodes.

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wigniereba

• kiTxvis dros

teqstis xmamaRla wakiTxva da xmamaRla fiqriT demonstrireba maswavleblis mier: maswavlebeli miuTiTebs moswavleebs, ipovon pasuxebi TavianT SekiTxvebze / teqstis damoukideblad wakiTxva moswavleebis mier: moswavleebi Tavad eZeben pasuxebs SekiTxvebze.

5. kiTxvebis Camoweris Semdeg uTxariT moswavleebs, rom Tqven apirebT waukiTxoT teqsti konkretul Temaze (mag., mzis sistemis planetebis Sesaxeb). Tu gaqvT am teqstis asli yvelasTvis, daurigeT maT wasakiTxad da winaswar sTxoveT, rom gaamaxvilon yuradReba imaze, Tu ras ismenen an ras kiTxuloben.

6. waakiTxeT teqsti moswavleebs. agreTve, SesaZlebelia, rom Tqven waukiTxoT da Tan xmamaRla ifiqroT. xmamaRali fiqri gulisxmobs, rom Tqven aqtiuri mkiTxvelis models uCvenebT moswavleebs akeTebT wakiTxulze komentars, aRniSnavT im adgilebs, romlebic adasturebs moswavleebis wakiTxvamde codnas an moniSnavT monakveTebs, romlebSic pasuxi ecema dasmul SekiTxvebs. SegiZliaT sTxovoT moswavleebs ifiqron TqvenTan erTad.

• wakiTxvis Semdeg

`viswavle” svetis Sevseba; imis gansazRvra, Tu romeli azrebi daemTxva an ar gamarTlda „vici“ svetSi; imis gansazRvra, Tu romel SekiTxvebs gaeca pasuxi „minda vicode“ svetSi da romeli darCa upasuxod; axali SekiTxvebis Camoyalibeba; axal kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad Semdgomi saswavlo amocanebis dasaxva.

7. teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg daubrundiT vici/minda vicode/viswavle cxrils. sTxoveT bavSvebs kvlav waikiTxon SekiTxvebi ̀ minda vicode” svetSi. Semdeg hkiTxeT, Tu ra pasuxebi gaeca maT SekiTxvebs. CamowereT es pasuxebi `viswavle” svetSi, kiTxvebis gaswvriv.

8. daubrundiT svets `vici”. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, maT mier Camowerili mosazrebebidan romeli dadasturda teqstSi? xom ar hqondaT raime varaudi, romelTan dakavSirebiTac teqstSi sapirispiro azri iyo gamoTqmuli? ris Sesaxeb SeecvalaT Sexedulebebi?

9. hkiTxeT moswavleebs, SekiTxvebze miRebuli pasuxebis garda, kidev ra gaiges axali teqstidan. CamowereT es informacia ̀ viswavle” svetSi.

54


gakveTilis bolos, sasurvelia, rom moswavleebma gadaxedon TavianT SekiTxvebs da naxon, romeli maTgani darCa upasuxod. hkiTxeT maT, Tu ra axali SekiTxvebi daebadaT teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg. SegiZliaT CaiweroT es SekiTxvebi da bavSvebTan erTad dagegmoT, SemdgomSi ra formiT gasceT maT pasuxebi.

moTxrobis (ambis) ruka


meTodis aRwera:

„moTxrobis (ambis) ruka“ erTerTi efeqturi meTodia moswavleebisTvis gaazrebuli kiTxvis procesSi megzurobis gasawevad. es meTodi imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT gakveTilis samive fazaze: wakiTxvamde (anu I fazaze), raTa moswavleebma SeZlon winaswari varaudebis gamoTqma nawarmoebis personaJebis, garemoebebis, siuJetis Sesaxeb; uSualod wakiTxvis dros (gakveTilis II fazaze) moswavleebi kiTxvis procesSi akeTeben ama Tu im nawarmoebis mniSvnelovani detalebis struqturizebul Canawers; wakiTxvis Semdgom (III fazaze) misi gamoyeneba ki moswavleebs mniSvnelovan daxmarebas gauwevs weris procesSi, xels Seuwyobs „gonebrivi ieriSis“ Sedegad gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis konstruirebaSi.


1. daxazeT moTxrobis (ambis) ruka dafaze.

moTxrobis (ambis) rukis nimuSi

saTauri:

personaJebi: garemoebebi:

55

wigniereba

problema:

movlena #1

movlema #2

movlena #3

Sejameba

2. xmamaRla waikiTxeT moTxrobis saTauri da sTxoveT moswavleebs ivaraudon, ris Sesaxeb SeiZleba iyos igi. gamoTqmuli varaudebi personaJebis, garemoebebisa da problemis Sesaxeb CawereT Sesabamis grafebSi. mniSvnelovania, rom CainiSnoT yvela gansxvavebuli mosazreba.

3. xmamaRla waikiTxeT (an moswavleebma Cumad waikiTxon) moTxrobis pirveli nawili.

4. sTxoveT moswavleebs, daubrundnen varaudebiT Sevsebul moTxrobis rukas. hkiTxeT, xom ar surT Secvalon/Seavson TavianTi mosazrebebi. sTxoveT maT, xmamaRla waikiTxon teqstidan is monakveTebi, romelTa safuZvelzec gadawyvites sakuTari varaudebis Secvla. msjelobis Semdeg SeitaneT dafaze daxazul rukaSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebi.

5. xmamaRla waikiTxeT (an moswavleebma Cumad waikiTxon) moTxrobis Semdegi monakveTi.

6. daubrundiT moTxrobis rukas, kvlav ganagrZeT arsebuli varaudebis gadaxedva da rukis axali informaciiT Sevseba.

7. gaimeoreT es procedura manamde, vidre moTxroba ar dasruldeba.

8. rodesac moswavleebi kiTxvas mTlianad daasruleben, sTxoveT msurvelebs, xmamaRla Seajamon nawarmoebi rukaSi Tavmoyril informaciaze dayrdnobiT.

5�


moTxrobis (ambis) piramida


meTodis aRwera:

„moTxrobis (ambis) piramida“ kargi saSualebaa moTxrobis daweris mosamzadebel periodSi ideebis generirebisaTvis. is SeiZleba Catardes jgufebSi, rogorc kiTxvis Tanmxlebi aqtivoba, an ganxorcieldes individualuradac. Sedegad ki miviRebT moTxrobis gegmas, romelsac weris procesSi moswavleebi qargad gamoiyeneben.


1. daxazeT moTxrobis (ambis) piramida dafaze (an gaakariT formatze winaswar momzadebuli naxazi) da dawereT moTxrobis sacdeli saTauri. sasurvelia, rom moTxrobis Tema dakavSirebuli unda iyos klasSi axlaxan wakiTxul teqstTan, es saSualebas mogcemT metad siRrmiseulad daabrunoT moswavleebi ukve ganxilul sakiTxebTan da misceT interpretaciis saSualeba.

2. ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom moTxrobis (ambis) piramida mniSvnelovnad daexmarebaT Txzvis procesis dawyebaSi.

3. piramidis TiToeuli safexurisTvis dafaze CamowereT Semdegi miTiTebebi:

mTavari gmiris saxeli;

ori sityva, romlebic axasiaTebs mTavar personaJs;

sami sityva, romlebic aRwers garemoebas;

oTxi sityva, romlebiTac aRiwereba problema/mizani (nawarmoebis mTavari idea) (sasurvelia, Tu es dakavSirebuli iqneba axlaxan ganxiluli nawarmoebis TematikasTan/gmirTan);

xuTi sityva, romlebic aRwers pirvel movlenas;

eqvsi sityva, romlebic aRwers meore movlenas;

Svidi sityva, romlebic aRwers mesame movlenas;

rva sityva, romlebic gamoxatavs problemis Sejamebas.

57

wigniereba

moTxrobis (ambis) piramidis nimuSi

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

4. sTxoveT moswavleebs, jgufebSi/individualurad Seavson grafebi Tqven mier Camowerili miTiTebebis Sesabamisad.

5. moswavleTa muSaobis procesSi, maswavlebelma, umjobesia, iaros klasSi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, damatebiTi rCevebi misces moswavleebs.

6. piramidis Sevsebis dasrulebis Semdeg SesTavazeT ramdenime msurvels, gauziaros klass namuSevari da sTxoveT gangimartoT, ratom miipyro maTi yuradReba ama Tu im konkretulma problemam.

Tuki moswavleebma piramida jgufurad Seavses, miSvnelovania, rom yvela jgufs mieces namuSevris warmodgenis saSualeba.

SeniSvna:

„moTxrobis (ambis) ruka“ da „moTxrobis (ambis) piramida“ maswavlebelma SeiZleba gamoiyenos araerTi mizniT: ganuviTaros moswavleebs gmiris gamokveTis, personaJTa ama Tu im niSniT dajgufebis unari, moaZebninos problemis gadaWris gzebi da daexmaros maT movlenaTa jaWvis mTlianobis aRqmaSi.

58


vennis diagrama


meTodis aRwera:

„vennis diagrama“ erTerTi im meTodTagania, romlebic gamoiyeneba informaciis Sedarebisa da SepirispirebisaTvis. gakveTilis I fazaze, anu wakiTxvamde is SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos, rogorc erTgvari Semzadeba Sesaswavli sakiTxis Sesaxeb varaudebis gamosaTqmelad (mag., riT SeiZleba hgavdes an gansxvavdebodes ori qalaqi). gakveTilis II fazaze (uSualod kiTxvis procesSi) vennis diagrama gamoiyeneba informaciis CasaniSnad, erTgvari grafikis, organizebuli Canaweris gasakeTeblad. III fazaze (wakiTxvis Semdgom) ki am meTodis gamoyeneba moswavleebs exmareba axlad Seswavlili sakiTxis Sesaxeb miRebuli informaciisa da mosazrebebis SejamebaSi, konstruirebaSi.

„vennis diagrama“ gamoiyeneba rogorc mxatvrul, ise informaciul teqstebze samuSaod. is gansakuTrebiT efeqturia moswavleebSi kritikuli azrovnebis unaris xelSesawyobad (Sedareba/kontrasti/analizi). es meTodi aseve nayofierad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT leqsikuri maragis gasamdidreblad, mTavari gmirebis, adgilebis an sagnebis aRsawerad. amasTan, mas didi daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia moswavleebisTvis weris procesSi _ wakiTxuli masalis Sejamebisa da Tavebad (abzacebad) konstruirebis TvalsazrisiT.


1. daxazeT dafaze ori urTierTgadamkveTi ovali, ise, rogorc es qvemoTaa naCvenebi:

2. TiToeul ovals daawereT im adamianebis, adgilebis, sagnebisa Tu movlenebis saxelebi, romelTa erTmaneTTan Sepirispirebasac apirebT.

59

wigniereba

3. sTxoveT moswavleebs, Camoweron TiToeuli Sesadarebeli obieqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli specifikuri niSnebi. Semdeg es CamonaTvali CawereT Sesabamis ovalSi.

4. amis Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaakeTon Sesadarebeli obieqtebis saerTo maxasiaTeblebis sia, romelic unda CaweroT iq, sadac ori ovali kveTs erTmaneTs.

5. xmamaRla waikiTxeT (an sTxoveT moswavleebs, Cumad waikiTxon) teqstis pirveli monakveTi, Semdeg ki miubrundnen Sevsebul vennis diagramas da gadaxedon TavianT mosazrebebs. sTxoveT ganmarton, ram ubiZga TavianTi pirvandeli ideebis ucvlelad datovebisa Tu SecvlaCasworebisken.

6. xmamaRla waikiTxeT (an sTxoveT moswavleebs, Cumad waikiTxon) teqstis meore monakveTi. SeavseT vennis diagrama axali mosazrebebiT.

ganagrZeT amgvarad, vidre teqstis wakiTxvas mTlianad ar daasrulebT.

sityvebis gamomZiebeli


meTodis aRwera:

„sityvebis gamomZiebeli“ efeqturi meTodia moswavleebisTvis ucxo/mniSvnelovani sityvebis gansamartad, maTi Sinaarsis ara ganyenebulad, aramed semantikur konteqstSi saCveneblad. es meTodi saSualebas iZleva martivad da Zaldautaneblad gavamdidroT moswavleebis leqsikuri maragi. igi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos gakveTilis I anu wakiTxvamde fazaze, raTa winaswar davadginoT, ramdenad gasagebi iqneba bavSvebisaTvis wasakiTx teqstSi gamoyenebuli ucxo/mniSvnelovani/sakvanZo sityvebi. meTodis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia III wakiTxvis Semdgom fazazec, imis Sesafaseblad, ramdenad SeuZliaT moswavleebs axlad Seswavlili sityvebis praqtikaSi, konteqsturi gamoyeneba.

�0



1. CamowereT dafaze ramdenime ucxo/mniSvnelovani sityva im teqstidan, romelzec apirebT muSaobas (an ukve daamuSaveT). sTxoveT moswavleebs, amoarCion erTerTi sityva da misi gamoyenebiT Seadginon winadadeba sakuTar Tavze. sasurvelia, Tu winadadeba ama Tu im saxiT samuSao teqstTan iqneba kavSirSi.

2. sTxoveT TiToeul moswavles, rom yurSi CauCurCulos winadadeba gverdiT mjdoms.

3. SesTavazeT msurvelebs, xmamaRla gamoTqvan TavianTi/gverdiT mjdomis winadadeba.

4. CamowereT winadadebebi dafaze da kidev erTxel waikiTxeT moswavleebTan erTad.

wasvliswina baraTebi (exit cards)

meTodi Seesabameba wignierebis standartis Semdeg mimarTulebebs: wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba, wera.

meTodis aRwera:

„wasvliswina baraTebi“ aris moswavleebsa da maswavlebels Soris werilobiTi komunikaciis erTerTi forma, romelic, amave dros, maswavleblisTvis yoveldRiuri ukukavSiris miRebis mniSvnelovan saSualebas warmoadgens, moswavleebs ki dRis ganmavlobaSi gamoyenebul aqtivobebze refleqsiisken ubiZgebs. baraTebi anonimuri unda iyos. maswavlebelma isini gakveTilis dasrulebis Semdeg unda waikiTxos, momdevno dRes ki, gakveTilis dasawyisSi, komentarebiT gamoexmauros maT. „wasvliswina baraTebi“ unda iyos mokle, werisken mimarTuli aqtivoba da mis Sesrulebas ar unda daeTmos aT wuTze meti. qvemoT mocemulia werisas moswavleebisaTvis biZgis mimcemi ramdenime efeqturi SekiTxva. maswavlebeli am SekiTxvebs Camowers dafaze, moswavleebma ki TavianTi pasuxebi unda daweron patara furclebze da datovon oTaxidan gasvlisas.

1. dawereT erTi mniSvnelovani ram, rac dRevandel gakveTilze iswavleT.

�1

wigniereba

2. dawereT erTi SekiTxva, romelic gagiCndaT dRes mosmenilis an nanaxis Sesaxeb.

3. dawereT erTi komentari, romelic dRevandeli gakveTilis Sesaxeb SegiZliaT gaakeToT.

3.5..weris.meTodebis.cxrili.

meTodi

narat

iul

i (T

xrobi

Ti) t

eqst

i

informa

ciu

li

teq

sti

inst

ruqc

iul

i teq

sti

leq

siku

ri

marag

i

gage

bag

aazreb

a

wera

weram

de

weris

dros

weris

Sem

deg

weris saxelosno+ + + + + + + +

“rafTi”+ + + + + + + +

samwuTiani esei+ + + + + + +

„brilianti“ + + + + +

moswavlis dRiuri + + + +

3.6..weris.swavlebis.efeqturi.meTodebi

rogorc cnobilia, adamianebi sxvadasxva mizniTa da gansxvavebuli auditoriisTvis weren, maTi naweri mkiTxvelisTvisaa gankuTvnili, rac niSnavs, rom wera da kiTxva erTi procesis ori urTierTgadajaWvuli mxarea. swored amitomaa mniSvnelovani, rom saklaso oTaxSi wera da kiTxva kombinirebulad iswavlebodes.

weris efeqtur swavlebas ramdenime debuleba udevs safuZvlad:

moswavlisTvis weris mizani unda iyos mniSvnelovani da gacnobierebuli;

weris mizani unda ukavSirdebodes moswavlis pirovnul gamocdilebasa da interesebs;

�2


naweri Rirebuli unda iyos avtorimoswavlisTvis, maswavleblisa da sxva moswavleebisaTvis;

weram unda waaxalisos swavlis procesi;

weram moswavleebs unda gauRviZos swavlis motivacia da xeli Seuwyos axali codnis konstrurebas.

am qveTavSi Cven ganvixilavT weris process, mis mravalferovan formebsa da meTodebs.

weris procesis efeqtur ganxorcielebas Sesabamisi inteleqtualuri da fizikuri garemo sWirdeba, sadac moswavleebi sakuTar Tavs „mwerlebad“ aRiqvamen. mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebs SeeZloT usafrTxo garemoSi, gabedulad gadmoitanon furcelze TavianTi azrebi, miiRon Sesatyvisi komentarebi da rCevebi rogorc maswavleblisgan, ise sxva moswavleebisagan.

saWiroa, rom moswavleebma xSirad weron. weriTi amocanebi mravalferovani unda iyos. isini unda Seexebodes gansxvavebul Temebs/sakiTxebs, mimarTavdes sxvadasxva auditorias da sruldebodes gansxvavebul formatSi.

gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeba maswavlebels, rogorc kargi „mwerlis“ models. moswavleebs aucileblad sWirdebaT weris efeqtur meTdebze „cocxal“ reJimSi dakvirveba, raTa Tavadac mosinjon isini da nabijnabij SeZlon maTi damoukideblad gamoyeneba.

weras sWirdeba adekvaturi dro da adgili. sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma garkveuli dro gamoyos saklaso weriTi aqtivobebisTvis. weris unaris dauflebaze orientirebul klasSi mravlad unda iyos rogorc mravalferovani sakiTxavi literatura, ise werisa da redaqtirebisaTvis gamosadegi damxmare masala.

weris swavleba/swavlis meTodebi da aqtivobebi or did kategoriad formalur da araformalur meTodebad iyofa. weris formaluri meTodebi moicavs farTod gavrcelebuli, standartuli formatis namuSevrebis Seqmnas (Txzuleba, moTxroba, esei, werili, angariSi, leqsi da sxv.). araformaluri meTodebi exmareba moswavles ideebis generirebasa da organizebaSi, sakiTxebis gagebagaazrebasa da axali codnis SeZenaSi (gonebrivi ieriSi, semantikuri an gonebrivi rukebi, dRiurebi, grafikuli sqemebi da sxv.).

�3

wigniereba

weris procesi

ukanasknel aTwleulebSi farTod gavrcelda weris swavlebis erTi konkretuli midgoma, romelmac mniSvnelovnad gaamdidra da gaaumjobesa weris swavlebaswavla. am midgomas „weris process“ uwodeben. weris procesi gulisxmobs moswavlis (damweris) mier Tanmimdevrulad dalagebuli safexurebis gavlas. weris procesi efeqturad gamoiyeneba nebismieri asakis moswavleebTan, 78 wlis asakidan moyolebuli.

weris procesis xuTi safexuri:

1. ideebis generireba weris dawyebamde;

2. pirveli variantis dawera;

3. gadamuSaveba da daxvewa saboloo variantis Seqmnamde;

4. redaqtireba;

5. gamoqveyneba /gaziareba.

1. ideebis generireba weris dawyebamde

es safexuri moicavs yvela im moqmedebas, romelsac damweri uSualod weris dawyebamde asrulebs. am dros moswavle weris dawyebisTvis emzadeba.

am safexurze damweri mravalferovan saqmianobas asrulebs. magaliTad:

iRebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu ris Sesaxeb dawers;

gansazRvravs mkiTxvelTa auditorias, anu vin waikiTxavs nawers;

iyenebs gonebriv ieriSs Temis Sesaxeb individualurad an sxvebTan erTad;

Camowers, sad SeiZleba TemasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis moZieba;

gamoikvlevs sakiTxs;

xatavs, qmnis Tematur sqemas;

CamoTvlis yvelafers, rac Txzulebis Sinaarss ukavSirdeba;

qmnis semantikur an asociaciur rukas.

�4


2. pirveli variantis dawera

am safexurze moswavle:

sakuTari sityvebiT werilobiT gadmoscems Txzulebis Sinaarss;

wers winadadebebsa da abzacebs;

kiTxulobs sakuTar nawers da afasebs, ramdenad gadmoscems dawerili teqsti mis saTqmels;

uCvenebs nawers sxvebs, raTa miiRos konstruqciuli komentarebi da rCevebi mis dasaxvewad.

3. gadamuSaveba / daxvewa


kvlav ubrundeba nawers da kiTxulobs mas;

dafiqrdeba ukukavSirsa da rCevebze;

gadaakeTebs sityvebsa da winadadebebs;

amoiRebs an Caamatebs monakveTebs;

Caanacvlebs an amoiRebs zedmetad gamoyenebul an gaugebar sityvebs/frazebs;

xmamaRla kiTxulobs nawers, raTa darwmundes, rom teqsti mowesrigebulia.

4. redaqtireba


gadaamowmebs, ramdenad gamarTulia yvela winadadeba;

Seasworebs marTlwerasa da punqtuacias;

asworebs gramatikul da orTografiul Secdomebs;

Secvlis arasworad daweril sityvebs;

waakiTxebs nawers sxvas;

Caasworebs teqsts saliteraturo enis normebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

akeTebs koreqturas;

gadawers nawers sufTad.

�5

wigniereba

5. gamoqveyneba / gaziareba


xmamaRla ukiTxavs nawers klass/jgufs;

qmnis akinZul wigns sakuTari naSromisagan;

ugzavnis nawers megobrebs/Tanaklaselebs;

naweris mixedviT qmnis ilustraciebs, musikas, warmodgenas.

weris saxelosno


meTodis aRwera:

„weris saxelosno“ aris sagangebo dro, rodesac moswavleebs saSualeba aqvT, gansazRvron Tema da mizani, ris Sesaxebac unda Seasrulon weriTi davaleba. amgvari davaleba SeiZleba kviraSi ramdenjerme Sesruldes individualurad an jgufurad. `weris saxelosnoSi~ maswavlebeli da moswavleebi erToblivad, aqtiurad erTvebian weris procesSi. maswavlebeli fasilitatorisa da mwvrTnelis rols asrulebs. moswavleebi weren da exmarebian erTmaneTs weris procesSi.


`weris saxelosno“ ramdenime ZiriTadi komponentisgan Sedgeba. esenia:

1. swavleba

erToblivi wera (maswavlebeli da moswavleebi erToblivad weren);

minigakveTili (maswavlebeli uCvenebs moswavleebs, rogor daweron abzaci, windadeba, mosazreba da ase Semdeg);

demonstrireba (maswavlebeli uCvenebs da mouTxrobs moswavleebs sakuTari weris procesis Sesaxeb).

��


2. damoukideblad wera

moswavleebi asruleben weriT davalebas;

maswavlebelic wers;

moswavleebi iReben ukukavSirs maswavleblisgan;

moswavleebi saubroben erTmaneTis namuSevrebis Sesaxeb.

3. moswavleTa namuSevrebis gaziareba

naweris gaziareba sxvadasxva formatSi xorcieldeba (mag., ori moswavle warudgens auditorias posterebs, moswavle xmamaRla ukiTxavs auditorias sakuTar nawers, moswavleTa jgufi asrulebs mcire dramas);

mTeli klasi ikribeba weriTi davalebis gaziarebis mizniT.

maswavleblisa da moswavleebis gzamkvlevi 5abzaciani Txzulebis dasawerad

qvemoT mocemuli sqema moswavleebs daexmareba efeqturi Txzulebis weris swavlaSi.

avwioT xeli da gavSaloT TiTebi! modi, davweroT Txzuleba, romelic xuTi „xarisxiani“, Tanmimdevruli da efeqturi abzacisgan Sedgeba.

avwioT cera TiTi! es niSnavs, rom Tqven daiwyebT pirveli, Sesavali abzaciT. is mkiTxvelis interess gamoiwvevs da gauCens survils, rom kiTxva gaagrZelos. am abzacSi Tqven etyviT mkiTxvels, ris Sesaxeb aris teqsti, anu ra aris Txzulebis Tema. imisaTvis, rom es abzaci xarisxiani gamovides, is unda iwyebodes Tematuri winadadebiT, romelsac ramdenime damxmare winadadeba mosdevs. am abzacs xSirad Txzulebis dasawyissac uwodeben. Tematuri windadeba gamoxatavs Txzulebis TemasTan dakavSirebul ZiriTad azrs/ideas, an avtoris azrs Txzulebis ZiriTadi sakiTxis Sesaxeb. damxmare winadadebebi gadmoscems argumentebs, faqtebs, detalebs, romlebic asabuTebs Tematur winadadebas da mniSvnelovan damatebiT informacias awvdis mkiTxvels.

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avwioT sami Sua TiTi (saCvenebeli, Sua da araTiTi)! es niSnavs, rom kidev sam abzacs davwerT. isini Tqvens azrebs gadmoscems pirvel abzacSi mocemul Temaze, ganavrcobs da gaaZlierebs Tqvens pirvel abzacs. am nawils Txzulebis Sua nawilsac uwodeben.

avwioT neka TiTi! es niSnavs, rom Tqven unda daasruloT da SeajamoT is, rac wina abzacebSi TqviT. kargi Txzuleba iseTi abzacebisgan unda Sedgebodes, romlebic mWidrod ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs. bolo abzacSi sxva sityvebiT unda gavimeoroT is, rac wina abzacebSi daiwera. es abzaci Txzulebas asrulebs. mas Txzulebis bolosac uwodeben.

weris 6 ZiriTadi aspeqti

weris swavlebasa da swavlaSi dRes farTod gavrcelebulia wera 6 ZiriTadi aspeqtis mixedviT. esenia:

1. ideebi/azrebi da Sinaarsi

2. organizeba

3. toni da stili

4. winadadebis gamarTva

5. sityvebis SerCeva

6. marTlwera

qvemoT mocemulia TiToeuli aspeqtis mokle mimoxilva da maTi gansaviTarebeli mniSvnelovani aqtivobebi.

1. ideebi/azrebi da Sinaarsi

wera ideebis/azrebis generirebiT iwyeba. weris mTavari mizani swored am ideebisa da Sinaarsis gadmocemaa. yvela nawerSi unda aisaxos avtoris gzavnili, advilad misadevnebeli unda iyos, risi Tqma unda avtors. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime SekiTxva, romlebic damwers ideebisa da Sinaarsis generirebaSi daexmareba:

– ris Tqma minda? ra aris mTavari saTqmeli? ramdenad gasagebad da fokusirebulad aris Camoyalibebuli ZiriTadi idea?

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– mocemulia Tu ara mniSvnelovani detalebi mTavari ideis Sesaxeb?

– gaigebs Tu ara rame axals mkiTxveli?

– aris Tu ara naweri saintereso da advilad gasagebi?

aqtivobis safexurebi:

1. waakiTxeT moswavleebs winaswar momzadebuli/SerCeuli teqsti.

nimuSi: am zafxuls dasasveneblad viyaviT. Zalian vixaliseT. erT saRamos tyeSi wavediT. mindorSi karavi gavSaleT da iq daviZineT. dRisiT velosipedebiT vseirnobdiT. imedi maqvs, rom momaval welsac wavalT dasasveneblad.

2. dausviT moswavleebs SekiTxva: riT aris es ambavi saintereso?

3. sTxoveT moswavleebs Camoweron SekiTxvebi, romlebic gauCndaT mocemuli ambis wakiTxvis Sedegad. magaliTad:

– sad iyo dasasveneblad wasuli am ambis mTxrobeli?

– kidev vin iyo iq?

– riT iyo es ambavi saxaliso?

– rogori amindi iyo?

– romeli momenti iyo yvelaze dasamaxsovrebeli?

4. sTxoveT moswavleebs daweron raime maTi dasvenebis Sesaxeb. Tan gaiTvaliswinon maTive SekiTxvebi.

5. SesTavazeT ramdenime msurvels waukiTxon TavianTi naweri klass.

6. imarTeba diskusia. CamowereT naweris is maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania efeqturi werisTvis. magaliTad:

• moswavlem mniSvnelovani detalebi gadmosca.

• teqstis saTqmeli gamokveTilia da gasagebi.

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2. organizeba

ideebis/azrebis organizeba exmareba mkiTxvels, rom Tanmimdevrulad mihyves teqsts da nabijnabij gaiazros Sinaarsi. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime SekiTxva, romlebic damwers ideebis/azrebisa da Sinaarsis organizebaSi daexmareba:

– ramdenad gamoiwvevs aseTi dasawyisi mkiTxvelis interess?

– advilia nawerisTvis azris midevneba? aris Tu ara naweris organizebis mocemuli varianti saukeTeso?

– ebmis Tu ara azrebi/ideebi ZiriTad gzavnils?

– gvaqvs Tu ara dasasruli, romelic efeqturad kravs Sinaarss?


1. sTxoveT moswavleebs, waikiTxon SeTavazebuli teqsti.

nimuSi: amasobaSi ki mglebma yvela cxvari SeuWames. male yvelam gaigo matyuara mwyemsis ambavi da aRaravin ujerebda. mwyemsi tiroda, es ra damemarTa, rogor damakargvina tyuilma mTeli farao. im dRis Semdeg mwyemsi gamosworda da tyuili aRar uTqvams. mecxvareebi TofebiT mocvivdebodnen xolme dasaxmareblad, biWi ki maT danaxvaze gulianad icinoda da eubneboda, mogatyueTo. bevri iyvira biWma, miSveleT, namdvilad miWirso, magram arc erTma mecxvarem aRar daujera da aravin mivida dasaxmareblad. erTxelac marTla daesxnen mglebi mis faras Tavs. faras rom yaraulobda, ucbad ayvirdeboda xolme, mgeli movida, miSveleTo. iyo erTi mwyemsi biWi, romelic mudam ityueboda.

2. dausviT moswavleebs SekiTxva:

– xom ar gagiWirdaT ambis wakiTxva da azris midevneba? ratom?

– imitom, rom Sinaarsi kargad ar aris organizebuli. azrebi da winadadebebi Tanmimdevrulad ar aris dalagebuli.

3. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom Tanmimdevrulad daalagon winadadebebi da aawyon teqsti ise, rom Sinaarsi gasagebi iyos.

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3. toni da stili

mwerlis toni aris is, rac nawers pirovnul ganzomilebas, Taviseburebasa da individualur stils aniWebs. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime SekiTxva, romelic damwers tonis SerCevaSi daexmareba:

– SeiZleba Tu ara iTqvas, rom damwers namdvilad ainteresebs Tema?

– igrZnoba Tu ara, rom teqsti swored am avtors ekuTvnis?

– ra grZnobis gamowvevas cdilobs avtori?

– axerxebs Tu ara naweri mkiTxvelis yuradRebis SenarCunebas? gauCndeba Tu ara mkiTxvels survili, rom meti gaigos?


1. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom waikiTxon ori sxvadasxva naweri da gadawyviton, romlis avtori axerxebs ukeT mkiTxvelis yuradRebis gamowvevas da SenarCunebas.

nimuSi 1: me megobrebTan erTad mdinareze wavedi. erTma megobarma Tavisi ZaRlic wamoiyvana. gareT Zalian cxeloda. Cven mdinareSi vibanaveT. ZaRlmac CvenTan erTad ibanava da Zalian moewona. kargad gaverTeT da saRamos ukan davbrundiT.

nimuSi 2: zafxulis erT mSvenier dRes me da Cemi megobrebi mdinareze sabanaod wavediT. erTma Cemma megobarma Tan Tavisi Wkviani ZaRlic wamoiyvana, romelic yvelgan Tan dahyveboda. mze acxunebda, Citebi WikWikebdnen da namdvili sabanao amindi iyo. mdinaresTan rom mivediT, JriamuliT SevcvivdiT wyalSi. ZaRlic mxiaruli yefiT Semogvyva da CvenTan erTad Wyumpalaobda. yvelam bevri vicineT da Zalian kargad gaverTeT. roca banaobiT guli vijereT, mzeze gavSriT. roca mosaRamovda da Zalian mogvSivda, Sinisaken gamoveSureT.

2. orive teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg dausviT moswavleebs SekiTxva:

– romeli moTxroba ikiTxeboda ufro sainteresod da sasiamovnod?

meore ambavSi avtoris toni gamokveTiladaa gamoxatuli. avtoris enTuziazmi daexmara mkiTxvels, ukeT warmoedgina movlenebi.

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4. gamarTuli winadadebebi

gamarTuli wera ritmiT gamoirCeva. winadadebebs gansxvavebuli sigrZe da struqtura aqvs. aseTi teqstis xmamaRla wakiTxva sasiamovnoa. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime SekiTxva, romlebic damwers gamarTulad weraSi daexmareba:

5. ramdenad advilad ikiTxeba teqsti?

6. winadadebebi gansxvavebulad iwyeba?

7. gamoyenebulia grZeli da mokle winadadebebi?

8. xmamaRla kiTxvis dros naweri gabmulad ismis?


1. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom waikiTxon teqsti.

nimuSi: Cemi ZaRli Savia. mas erT yurze yavisferi laqa aqvs. is megobrulia. mas uyvars abazanaSi curva. roca vbanT, yvelas gvwuwavs. mas uyvars gaseirneba. me miyvars Cemi ZaRli.

2. yuradReba gaamaxvileT, rom teqstSi winadadebebis umravlesoba erTnairad iwyeba. Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom moifiqron am winadadebebis gadakeTebis gzebi, raTa teqsti ufro advilad ikiTxebodes da xmamaRla wakiTxvisas ufro sainteresod JRerdes.

3. SesTavazeT ramdenime moswavles, rom xmamaRla waukiTxon sakuTari naweri klass. gamarTeT diskusia.

4. xazgasmiT aRniSneT, rom amjerad winadadebebi gansxvavebulad iwyeboda da met detalebs Seicavda. amitom teqsti ufro saintereso iyo mkiTxvelisTvis.

5. msjelobis dasrulebis Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom daweron teqsti aqtivobis dros ganxiluli sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

SeniSvna:

SesaZlebelia, rom diskusiis gamarTvasa da sakuTari versiis daweramde moswavleebma meore, ufro gamarTuli teqstic waikiTxon.

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5. sityvebis SerCeva da gamoyeneba

konkretuli sityvebi, romlebsac avtori iyenebs, qmnis mkafio suraTxatebs, ipyrobs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas da teqsts dasamaxsovrebels xdis. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime SekiTxva, romlebic damwers Sesaferisi sityvebis SerCevasa da gamoyenebaSi daexmareba:

– gamoyenebulia Tu ara iseTi zmnebi an xatovani frazebi, romlebic mkiTxvelis yuradRebas miipyrobs?

– gamoyenebulia Tu ara gansxvavebuli, gamorCeuli sityvebi?

– metad xSirad xom ar aris gameorebuli Cveulebrivi sityvebi?


1. sTxoveT moswavleebs waikiTxon abzaci.

nimuSi: wyalTan didi iremi idga. man did tbaSi sakuTar Crdils daxeda. ifiqra, rom lamazi iyo. is wylis dasalevad mivida tbasTan.

2. yuradReba gaamaxvileT imaze, rom avtorma arcTu saintereso sityvebi gamoiyena.

3. Semdeg sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom „gonebrivi ieriSis“ gamoyenebiT moifiqron sityvebi an frazebi, romlebiTac garkveul sityvebs Caanacvleben da amiT teqsts ufro cocxalsa da dasamaxsovrebels gaxdian.

4. moswavleebi gadaamuSaveben teqsts ufro zusti da xatovani sityvebis moSveliebiT.

5. SesTavazeT ramdenime moswavles, rom xmamaRla waukiTxon sakuTari naweri klass.

6. sTxoveT moswavleebs, Seqmnan axali teqsti ganxiluli sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

daskvnis saxiT moswavleebi xazs usvamen imas, rom avtoris toni da sityvebis gamoyeneba nawers unikalurs xdis.

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„rafT“.meTodi


meTodis aRwera:

weriTi davalebebis sixSire moswavleebs uviTarebs weris unarCvevebs. „rafTi“ aris meTodi, romelic exmareba moswavles, ukeT gaacnobieros sakuTari roli weris procesSi. am gziT is ukeTesad ayalibebs ideebs da ufro gasagebad gadascems maT mkiTxvels. amas garda, „rafT“ meTodi exmareba moswavles, rom yuradReba gaamaxvilos mkiTxvelTa auditoriaze, weris mravalferovan formatebze da im Temaze, romelzec wers. mocemuli meTodis gamoyenebiT maswavlebeli waaxalisebs moswavleebs, rom weron SemoqmedebiTad, sxvadasxva perspeqtividan Sexedon sakiTxs da weron gansxvavebuli auditoriisTvis. auditoriisa da miznis gacnobiereba mniSvnelovania weris dros.

roli: vin xar Sen, rogorc teqstis avtori – cnobili momRerali, ministri, yvavili?

auditoria/mkiTxveli: vis swer – mdinares? sakuTar Tavs? kompanias?

formati: ra formatSi apireb weras – dRiuris Canaweris, sagazeTo reportaJis, sasiyvarulo werilis?

Tema: ris Sesaxeb wer? ras exeba Seni naweri?


1. esaubreT da ganumarteT moswavleebs, rom weris dros sasurvelia sxvadasxva perspeqtivis gaTvaliswineba. uSualod weris dawyebamde avtors xSirad uwevs imaze fiqri, Tu ra Temaze surs dawera, ra rols asrulebs TviTon, vin aris mkiTxvelTa auditoria da ra formatia konkretuli nawerisTvis yvelaze Sesaferisi.

amis Semdeg uTxariT moswavleebs, rom swored am oTxi elementis mixedviT Seqmnian weriT namuSevrebs.

sasurvelia, rom CamoTvlili oTxi elementis aRwera plakatis saxiT gamoikras saklaso oTaxSi.

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2. nimuSis saxiT waukiTxeT moswavleebs (an daurigeT da Tavad waakiTxeT) moswavleebs werili, rasac Semdeg mohyveba CamoTvlili oTxi elementis ganxilva.

3. sakuTari modelis demonstrirebiT aCveneT moswavleebs, Tu rogor imuSavebdiT Tqven „rafTis“ gamoyenebiT. dafaze an formatis qaRaldze CamowereT SesaZlo Temebis, rolebis, mkiTxvelebisa da formatebis magaliTebs. CamonaTvalis Seqmnis procesSi sasurvelia moswavleebis CarTva. damatebiT SegiZliaT im ZiriTadi zmnebis Camowerac, romlebic ama Tu im „rafT“ kombinacias Seesabameba.

4. sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaixsenon saintereso Tema, romelzec bolo dros imuSaves. mniSvnelovania, rom Temis gansazRvris procesSi moswavleebmac miiRon monawileoba. amis Semdeg klasi erToblivad gansazRvravs rols, auditoriasa da formats.

aq bevri sxvadasxva kombinaciis mofiqreba SeiZleba. zogjer maswavlebeli oTxive elements TviTon sTavazobs moswavleebs, zogjer ki _ piriqiT, oTxive elements moswavleebi irCeven. arsebobs Sualeduri variantebic, roca maswavlebeli erT an or elements Tavad warudgens moswavleebs, danarCenis gansazRvraSi ki maT aniWebs arCevanis uflebas. kombinaciis adekvaturoba saswavlo miznebzea damokidebuli.

5. moswavleebi iwyeben weras (sasurvelia xuTsafexuriani weris procesis Tanmimdevrobis dacva). es SeiZleba individualurad, wyvilebSi an mcire jgufebSi gakeTdes.

6. sasurvelia, rom weris procesSi mixvideT moswavleebTan (wyvilebTan, jgufebTan) da, saWiroebisamebr, xmadabla misceT Sesabamisi rCevebi.

7. muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi uziareben sakuTar namuSevars klass. imarTeba msjeloba. aucilebelia maswavleblis ukukavSiri.

moswavleTa muSaobis SefasebisaTvis SesaZlebelia specialuri rubrikis gamoyeneba (ix. qvemoT). rasakvirvelia, SegiZliaT rubrikis kriteriumebisa da indikatorebis damateba an Secvla.

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„rafTis“ rubrikis nimuSi

kriteriumi saukeTeso saSualo gasaumjobesebeli

Sinaarsi Cans Temis codna. naweri Seicavs mniSvnelovan mosazrebebs, faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs.

Cans Temis codna da gaazrebis mcdeloba. mocemulia arasakmarisi faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi.

Cans Temis zedapiruli codna. nawers aklia faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi.

weris teqnika abzacebi da winadadebebi gamarTulia. sworad aris gamoyenebuli gramatikuli wesebi.

abzacebi da winadadebebi gamarTulia. sworad aris gamoyenebuli gramatikuli wesebi. aris mcire raodenobiT Secdomebi.

abzacebi da winadadebebi gamarTuli ar aris. aris bevri gramatikuli Secdoma.

prezentacia naweri sufTaa, advilad ikiTxeba. gamdidrebulia damatebiTi elementebiT (grafiki, diagrama, cxrili, ilustraciebi).

naweri sufTaa, magram aklia damatebiTi elementebi (grafiki, diagrama, cxrili, ilustraciebi).

naweri ar aris sufTa. ar aris gaformebuli damatebiTi elementebiT.

samwuTiani.esei


meTodis aRwera:

„samwuTiani eseis“ gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa kiTxvis I fazaze, anu wakiTxvamde, gansaxilveli teqstis sakvanZo cnebasTan/movlenasTan dakavSirebuli winare codnis gasaaqtiureblad. moswavleebi teqstis wakiTxvamde (mosmenamde), maswavleblis mier micemuli garkveuli drois manZilze, weren sakuTar azrebs dasaxelebuli cnebis garSemo.


1. dawereT sityva (cneba) dafaze. mniSvnelovania, rom es iyos iseTi sityva, romelic mWidrod ukavSirdeba wasakiTxi teqstis sakvanZo ideebs da, amavdroulad, mravalferovan azrebs gamoiwvevs moswavleebSi.

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2. hkiTxeT moswavleebs, ras niSnavs sityva da darwmundiT, rom kargad esmiT misi mniSvneloba.

3. sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaixsenon adamiani an situacia, romelic maTTvis am cnebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.

4. sTxoveT bavSvebs, rom sam wuTSi daweron raime ambavi amis Sesaxeb.

5. rodesac moswavleebi weras daasruleben (sami wuTis Semdeg), sTxoveT gauziaron TavianTi namuSevari mewyviles. SesTavazeT msurvelebs sakuTari nawerebis xmamaRla wakiTxva.

6. uTxariT moswavleebs, rom swored am sakiTxis [cnebis] Sesaxebaa is moTxrobac, romelic unda waikiTxon.

7. xmamaRla waikiTxeT (an bavSvebma Cumad waikiTxon) moTxroba.

8. rodesac moswavleebi kiTxvas daasruleben, sTxoveT maT TavianTi naazrevisa da wakiTxuli moTxrobis siuJetis Sedareba. imsjeleT maT Soris arsebul msgavsebagansxvavebebze.

„brilianti“


meTodis aRwera:

„brilianti“ aris araformaluri weris grafikuli instrumenti, romlis saSualebiTac moswavleebi SemoqmedebiTi formiT gamoxataven sakuTar codnasa da damokidebulebas ama Tu im sakiTxis/Temis Sesaxeb. meTodi efeqturad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva sagnobriv jgufSi.

aqtivoba mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels moswavleebs sakiTxis/Temis gagebagaazrebaSi, sakuTari ganwyobadamokidebulebis saintereso formiT gamoxatvaSi, gramatikuli formebis (arsebiTi saxeli, zedsarTavi saxeli, zmna) dauflebasa da gamoyenebaSi.


• grafikuli instrumentis aRwera da ganmarteba moswavleebisaTvis.

1. daxazeT dafaze „briliantis“ grafikuli sqema. TiToeuli safexurs miawereT Sesabamisi miTiTeba (I striqoni – 1 arsebiTi

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saxeli, II 2 zedsarTavi saxeli, III – 3 zmna, IV oTxsityviani fraza, V – 3 zmna, VI – 2 zedsarTavi saxeli, VII – 1 arsebiTi saxeli), romelTa mixedviTac sqema unda Seivsos.

2. sTxoveT moswavleebs, daxazon sqema TavianT furclebzec.

„briliantis“ nimuSi

zmna

arsebiTi saxeli

zedsarTavi saxeli zedsarTavi saxeli

zmna zmna

oTxsityviani fraza

zmna zmna zmna

zedsarTavi saxeli zedsarTavi saxeli

arsebiTi saxeli

• grafikuli instrumentis gamoyenebis proceduris modelireba maswavleblis mier.

3. vidre moswavleebs sTxovT „briliantis“ sqemis damoukideblad Sevsebas, Tavad unda aCvenoT amis magaliTi da gzadagza mkafiod ganumartoT, sad, ras da ratom werT.

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pirvel xazze dawereT sakvanZo Temis/sakiTxis Sesabamisi arsebiTi saxeli (sakvanZo sityva), bolo xazze ki sakvanZo (pirvel xazze dawerili) arsebiTi saxelis Semcvleli sityva/sinonimi. meore xazze iwereba ori zedsarTavi saxeli, romlebic aRwers sakvanZo sityvas. mesame xazze iwereba sami zmna, romlebic gamoxatavs sakvanZo qvemdebaris moqmedebebs. analogiurad, bolodan meore xazze dawerili zedsarTavebi axasiaTebs sakvanZo sityvis Semcvlel qvemdebares, xolo bolodan mesame striqonze dawerili sami zmna gamoxatavs sakvanZo sityvis Semcvleli qvemdebaris moqmedebebs. „briliantis“ centralur (Tavidan me4) striqonze dawereT oTxsityviani fraza, romliTac ganxiluli sakiTxis dedaazri/mTavari saTqmeli/arsi iqneba gadmocemuli. agreTve, SeiZleba am fraziT gadmovceT is asociacia/damokidebuleba/Sexeduleba, romelic gviCndeba am TemasTan dakavSirebiT.

• „briliantis“ efeqturi nimuSebis Cveneba moswavleebisaTvis.

4. sanam moswavleebi damoukideblad weras daiwyeben, waukiTxeT „briliantis“ sqemiT dwerili leqsebis ramdenime kargi magaliTi, raTa daexmaroT maT meTodis principis ukeT gaanalizebaSi.

qvemoT mocemulia „briliantis“ ramdenime nimuSi:

• moswavleebis damoukideblad muSaoba „briliantze“.

5. sTxoveT moswavleebs, damoukideblad Seavson „briliantis“ grafikuli sqema. sasurvelia, am dros iaroT klasSi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, damatebiTi rCevebiT xeli SeuwyoT moswavleebs Txzvis procesSi.

„briliantis“..variaciebi

mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi gaiwafebian grafikuli instrumentis damoukideblad gamoyenebaSi, SesaZlebelia:

Semcvleli sityvis nacvlad monaTesave sityvebis Semotana. aseTi „brilianti“ iwyeba sakvanZo cnebis aRweriT da TandaTanobiT meore sityvis aRweraze gadadis.

aseve, SeiZleba sapirispiro cnebebis an binaruli opozitebis Semotana. aseTi „briliantis“ meoTxe xazze pirveli ori sityva

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zeda sakvanZo opozits ukavSirdeba, bolo ori sityva ki – qveda sakvanZo opozits.

wakiTxul nawarmoebze reagireba. aseTi „briliantis“ sqema qvemoT aris mocemuli.

pirveli xazi: wakiTxuli nawarmoebis saTauri.

meore xazi: mTavari personaJi.

mesame xazi: meorexarisxovani personaJebi.

meoTxe xazi: sawyisi konfliqti.

mexuTe xazi: ZiriTadi siuJeturi movlenebi.

meeqvse xazi: konfliqtis gadaWra.

meSvide xazi: nawarmoebis Janri.

qvemoT mocemulia „briliantis“ variaciebis ramdenime nimuSi:

nimuSi 1.

quCis bavSvi

gayinuli, daZonZili

daZrwis, iTxovs, arTmevs,

misi ocnebebi aravis axsovs.

malavs, eZebs, wvalobs,

gariyuli patara

mawanwala

zamTari

TeTri da gaToSili

mowyena, daRla, gaZleba

iqneb gagvaTbos ramdenime dResaswaulma

lamaz, brwyinvale

axal wels.

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nimuSi 2.

mze

oqrosferi, cecxlovani

gvaTbobs, gvaxalisebs, gvinaTebs

zRvas uyvars masTan TamaSi

icinis, aalebs, izidavs

Tamami, Zlieri

varskvlavi

mze

didi, kaSkaSa

asxivebs, aTbobs, aferadebs

cxeli varskvlavi, grili Tanamgzavri

ireklavs, icvleba, gvafiqrebs

idumali, mbJutavi

mTvare

moswavlis.dRiuri


Sinaarsi

ra aris dRiuri?

dRiuri, rogorc weris swavlebisa da swavlis instrumenti.

dRiuris gamoyenebis formebi.

dRiuris naweris Sefasebis sqema.

dRiurSi weris programa.

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dRiuri aris specialuri rveuli, romelSic moswavleebi periodulad damoukideblad weren sakuTari grZnobebis, fiqrebisa da ganwyobadamokidebulebebis Sesaxeb. dRiuris Canawerebis ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa azrebis Tavisuflad gadmocema. amitom, dRiuris CanawerebSi naklebad eqceva yuradReba weris normebis, gramatikuli Tu stiluri wesebis dacvas.

Tema

Temis SerCeva dRiuris Canaweris erTerTi umniSvnelovanesi aspeqtia. Temis SerCevaSi moswavleebisaTvis miniWebuli Tavisuflebis xarisxi da maTi monawileoba mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs weris motivaciasa da enTuziazms. dRiuris Canawerebi SeiZleba iyos araformaluri an formaluri saxis. araformaluri Canawerebi Tematurad ar unda iyos SezRuduli. anu, saWiroa moswavleebs mieceT Temis damoukideblad SerCevis saSualeba. SesaZlebelia, rom maswavlebelma mimarTuleba misces moswavleebs konkretuli Temis dasaxelebiT an pirveli winadadebis/frazis miwodebiT (mag., Tema: „Cemi namdvili megobari“, an sawyisi fraza: „namdvili megobrisagan me moveli ..........“).

formaluri Canawerebi ufro akademiuri xasiaTisaa da, rogorc wesi, Sesaswavl/Seswavlil sakiTxs ukavSirdeba.

dRiuri, rogorc weris swavlebisa da swavlis instrumenti

mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebs yoveldRiurad TiTojer mainc mieceT dRiurSi weris saSualeba. amisaTvis maswavlebelma saswavlo dRis ganmavlobaSi daaxloebiT 1520 wuTi unda gamoyos. miuxedavad imisa, rom, erTi SexedviT, amisaTvis yvelaze adekvatur periodad qarTuli enis gakveTili Cans, sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom dRiurSi moswavleebma maTematikis an bunebis gakveTilebze weron. rasakvirvelia, es Temazec mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli.

dRiuris gamoyeneba exmareba moswavleebs, rom:

daakvirdnen sakuTar gamocdilebas, gadaWran problemebi, aRiqvan movlenebi gansxvavebul perspeqtivaSi;

gaacnobieron sxva adamianebisa da samyaros mimarT sakuTari damokidebuleba;

dafiqrdnen pirovnul Rirebulebebze, miznebsa da ideebze;

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Seajamon, reziumireba gaukeTon saswavlo procesSi aTvisebul sakiTxebs, ideebsa da mosazrebebs;

daakvirdnen sakuTar akademiur zrdas wina Canawerebis wakiTxvis gziT.

dRiuris gamoyeneba exmareba maswavlebels, raTa man gaigos moswavleebis:

emociuri mdgomareoba;

problemebi;

ganwyobadamokidebulebebi.

amdenad, moswavlis dRiuri mniSvnelovani wyaroa saswavlo gegmis moswavlis saWiroebebze dafuZnebamorgebisaTvis.

4..Sefaseba

Sefaseba saswavlo procesis erTerTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani komponentia. misi meSveobiT maswavlebeli adgens, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba moswavleTa miRwevebi sagnobrivi standartiT dadgenil moTxovnebs. Sefasebis mizania swavlaswavlebis xarisxis marTva, rac gulisxmobs, erTi mxriv, swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebas, xolo, meore mxriv _ mis gakontrolebas. xarisxis gaumjobeseba uSualod ukavSirdeba swavlis process, xarisxis gakontroleba ki _ swavlis Sedegs.

Sefaseba gamoavlens moswavleTa Zlier da sust mxareebs, maT miRwevebsa da problemebs. amasTan, maswavlebeli Sefasebis saSualebiT iRebs informacias, Tu ramdenad kargad aswavlis Tavad da ramdenad Sedegiania is konkretuli meTodika, romelsac iyenebs. Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma icodes, Tu ra, rodis, ratom da rogor unda Seafasos. amasTanave, maswavlebels unda SeeZlos moswavlis Sefasebis Sedegad miRebuli informaciis gamoyeneba sasurveli Sedegebis misaRwevi saSualebebis dasadgenad.

Sefasebisas maswavlebelma ramdenime ZiriTadi principi unda daicvas: Sefaseba unda iyos sando, rac gulisxmobs mkafiod Camoyalibebul davalebebsa da instruqciebs, zustad gansazRvrul Sefasebis kriteriumebs; miznis Sesabamisi maswavlebeli unda afasebdes mxolod imas, risi Sefasebac konkretul SemTxvevaSi miznad

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aqvs dasaxuli; obieqturi _ piradi mosazrebebisa da survilebisgan damoukidebeli; gamWvirvale _ Sefasebis kriteriumebi da meqanizmebi yvela dainteresebuli pirisaTvis unda iyos cnobili. sasurvelia, rom Tavad moswavleebma miiRon aqtiuri monawileoba Sefasebis kriteriumebis dadgenasa da Sefasebis sqemis SemuSavebaSi.

4.1..Sefasebis.tipebi

swavlaswavlebis sistemaSi Sefasebis ori ZiriTadi modeli arsebobs: ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma icodes, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi da ra mizniT unda mimarTos Sefasebis ama Tu im formas.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebis uzrunvelyofa; swavlebis procesSi TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis, maTi unarebis daxvewis maqsimalurad xelSewyoba. es zogadi ganaTlebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani pedagogiuri amocanaa, rogorc amas xazgasmiT aRniSnavs dimitri uznaZe: ̀ swavlaSi ZiriTadia ... im Zalebis ganviTareba, romelnic swavlis procesSi monawileoben”5.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas maswavlebeli moswavleTa saqmianobas amowmebs ara maTi miRwevis donis gansasjelad da niSnebis dasawerad, aramed maT dasaxmareblad. igi akvirdeba TiToeul moswavles swavlis procesSi, Seiswavlis maT saWiroebebs, raTa am moTxovnilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT dagegmos sagakveTilo procesi da TiToeul maTgans maqsimalurad Seuwyos xeli winsvlaSi. maswavlebeli qmnis TanamSromlobiT da konstruqciul saswavlo garemos, sadac moswavleebs ar aferxebT arc marcxis da arc warumateblobis SiSi. maT nebismier SemTxvevaSi maswavleblis rCevisa da mxardaWeris imedi aqvT. aseT garemoSi TiToeuli moswavle axal codnas SeiZens, gamocdilebas gaimdidrebs da unarebs gaiumjobesebs.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis procesSi, maswavlebelTan erTad, moswavleebic arian CarTulni. isinic cdiloben, maswavleblis daxmarebiT daadginon sakuTari moTxovnilebebi, Zlieri da susti mxareebi, Semaferxebeli faqtorebi. am procesebSi CarTva maTSi TviTSefasebisa da TviTganviTarebis unarCvevebs ayalibebs, zrdis maT qmedunarianobasac da pasuxismgeblobasac.

5 dimitri uznaZe, bavSvis fsiqologia, saskolo asakis fsiqologia, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 445

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mniSvnelovania, xazgasmiT aRiniSnos is faqti, rom ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi, moswavle fasdeba sakuTar TavTan, sakuTar miRwevebTan da ara _ yvelasaTvis saerTo normasTan mimarTebiT. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom moswavlem dainaxos sakuTari winsvla da irwmunos, rom siZneleTa etapobrivad gadalaxva SeuZlia.

vinaidan ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavlis ganviTarebaze da swavlebis proceszea orientirebuli, misi gamoyenebisas qulebis dawera ar aris savaldebulo. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas upiratesad iseTi saSualebebi gamoiyeneba, rogorebicaa sityvieri komentari, rCevadarigeba, dakvirvebis furclebi, TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis sqemebi, codnis aTvisebis an unaris ganviTarebis etapebis gamomxatveli doneebi (sasurvelia, oTxi done gamoiyos _flobs srulyofilad / yovelTvis, flobs umeteswilad / xSirad, flobs nawilobriv / iSviaTad, ver flobs / arasodes). aTvisebisa Tu flobis doneebiT Sedgenili Sefasebis an TviTSefasebis sqemebi maswavlebelsac da moswavlesac saSualebas aZlevs, konkretuli codnis Tu unaris aTvisebis procesi dinamikaSi dainaxon.

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba moswavlis miRwevis dones saerTo normasTan mimarTebiT adgens da imis dadgenis saSualebas iZleva, Tu ramdenad daeufla igi sagnobrivi programebiT gansazRvrul codnasa da unarCvevebs.

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba swavlis xarisxs akontrolebs. is TiToeuli moswavlis codnis dones gansazRvravs.

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba Sedegze, anu niSanzea orientirebuli. Sesabamisad, misi gamoyenebisas, moswavleTa miRwevebis qulebiT Sefaseba savaldebulo moTxovnaa. ganmsazRvrel Sefasebas Tan ar axlavs maswavleblis rekomendaciebi Tu komentarebi miRebuli Sedegebis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb.

proeqtis miznebidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, rom am konkretul saswavlo kursSi gamoyenebuli iyos mxolod ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba, raTa xeli SevuwyoT moswavleebis Sedegebis gaumjobesebasa da unarebis daxvewas.

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4.2..Sefasebis.meTodebi

maswavlebeli moswavleebis codnisa da unarCvevebis Sesafaseblad ramdenime ZiriTad meTods iyenebs. es meTodebia: testireba, maswavleblis dakvirveba, komentari, moswavleTa TviTSefaseba da urTierTSefaseba. yvela am meTods saerTo mizani aqvs maTi saSualebiT grovdeba informacia moswavleebis warmatebebisa da maTi problemebis Sesaxeb da am informaciis gaTvaliswinebiT swavlebis Semdgomi etapi igegmeba. Sefasebis meTodebs erTmaneTisgan konkretuli mizani, forma da mniSvneloba ganasxvavebs.

Sefasebis rubrikebi

mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebs gacnobierebuli hqondeT, Tu rogor da ris mixedviT Sefasdebian. Sefasebis saukeTeso instrumentia rubrika (sqema), romelic SeiZleba iyos rogorc maswavleblis mier moswavleTa Sefasebis, aseve TviTSefasebis forma. rubrika mkacrad gansazRvruli kriteriumebisa da maTi gamoyenebis wesebis erTobliobaa, romlis mixedviTac fasdeba moswavlis Sedegi ama Tu im aqtivobaSi an saganSi.

imis mixedviT, Tu konkretulad ris Semowmebas/gaumjobesebas gegmavs maswavlebeli, man SeiZleba rubrika ramdenime kriteriumad dayos da maT moswavleTa akademiuri miRwevis sxvadasxva donis Sesabamisi qulebi an sityvieri mniSvnelobebi mianiWos. amgvari sqemis upiratesoba isaa, rom maswavlebelica da moswavlec konkretul informacias iReben imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu romeli kriteriumiT aqvs moswavles problemebi da raze unda gamaxvildes yuradReba. erTi da imave rubrikis sistematurad gamoyeneba progresis monitoringis karg saSualebas iZleva.

rubrika SeiZleba Seiqmnas rogorc davalebaTa an unarCvevaTa erTobliobis Sesafaseblad (zogadi Sefasebis sqema), aseve erTi konkretuli davalebis an unaris Sesafaseblad (konkretuli Sefasebis sqema).

Sefasebis rubrikis kriteriumebi pirdapir kavSirSi unda iyos Sesabamisi sagnis standartis indikatorebTan. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels SeuZlia ama Tu im rubrikaSi damatebiTi komponentebic Seitanos, Tumca, ar unda daiviwyos, rom ZiriTadi sayrdeni swored sagnobrivi standartia.

8�


Sefasebis rubrikis unificirebuli forma ar arsebobs. misi mravalferovneba damokidebulia im faqtorebze, Tu ra fasdeba, romeli kriteriumebia prioritetuli, vin da rogor iyenebs Sefasebis Sedegebs da a.S. miuxedavad amisa, yvela rubrikis mimarT ramdenime ZiriTadi moTxovna arsebobs: sandooba (rubrikis kriteriumebis erTmniSvnelovnad da mkafiod Camoyalibeba), mizanTan Sesabamisoba (rubrikis kriteriumebi amowmebs mxolod imas, risi Sefasebac winaswaraa gamiznuli) da gamWvirvaloba (moswavleebi winaswar icnoben Sefasebis im sqemas, romliTac maTi codna fasdeba).

sasurvelia, Tu Sefasebis rubrikis SedgenaSi moswavleebi uSualod iqnebian CarTulni. es maT saSualebas miscems, ukeT gaerkvnen, Tu ras iTxoven maTgan da rogor afaseben maT codnas6.

qvemoT mocemulia Sefasebis rubrikis ramdenime nimuSi, romliTac SegiZliaT ixelmZRvaneloT, an romlis mixedviTac SegiZliaT rubrikebis Tqveneuli variantis Seqmna.

1. gamarTuli kiTxvis Sefasebis rubrikis nimuSi

moswavlis saxeli da gvari:

kriteriumebi yovelTvis xSirad iSviaTad arasodes

teqsts kiTxulobs uSecdomod

teqsts kiTxulobs gabmulad

teqsts kiTxulobs zomieri siCqariT

teqsts kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT (xmamaRla da mkafiod)

teqsts kiTxulobs saTanado intonaciiT

6 swavleba da Sefaseba, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 99104

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2. gagebaze orientirebuli kiTxvis Sefasebis rubrikis nimuSi



ganasxvavebs TxrobiTsa da informaciul, mxatvrulsa da aramxatvrul teqstebs

aRwers wakiTxuli teqstiT gonebaSi aRZrul suraTxatebs

gamoTqvams varaudebs teqstis wakiTxvamde da wakiTxvis procesSi

yuradRebas amaxvilebs gaugebar sityvebsa da winadadebebze, azustebs maT mniSvnelobas

gamoxatavs sakuTar STabeWdilebebsa da damokidebulebas wakiTxulTan dakavSirebiT

svams SekiTxvebs teqstis elementebis Sesaxeb

teqstSi poulobs dasmuli SekiTxvebis pasuxebs

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wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarss ukavSirebs sakuTar gamocdilebas, sxva teqstebsa da gare samyaros

akeTebs teqstis calkeuli abzacebisa da mTliani teqstis reziumirebas

gamoaqvs daskvnebi sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis kiTxvis dros da miuTiTebs Sesabamis dasabuTebas teqstSi

axasiaTebs literaturuli teqstis ZiriTad elementebs (personaJebi, fabula, garemoebebi, Tema)

weris rubrika

wera kompleqsuri procesia da moswavlebSi misi srulyofa swavlaswavlebis procesSi Tanmimdevrulad miiRweva. efeqturi wera moicavs Temis garSemo ideebis saTanadod organizebas, leqsikuri erTeulebisa da gramatikuli formebis sworad gamoyenebas, mizansa da mkiTxvelze orientirebas, marTlwerisa da punqtuaciis wesebis dacvas, sufTa weras.

moswavlis naweris SefasebisaTvis sasurvelia specialuri rubrikis gamoyeneba, romelic moswavlesa da maswavlebels saswavlo procesis ukeT warmarTvaSi daexmareba.

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weris Sefasebis rubrikis nimuSi



SeuZlia sxvadasxva tipis mcire zomis teqstis damoukideblad Seqmna da azris gasagebad Camoyalibeba

weris dawyebamde gansazRvravs teqstis daniSnulebasa da adresats da arCevs Sesabamis tonsa da stils

weris dawyebamde adgens weriTi davalebis mokle gegmas

SeuZlia naSromis garegnuli mxaris organizeba

arCevs Sesabamis leqsikas da wers gamarTuli winadadebebiT

icavs punqtuaciis ZiriTad wesebs

iyenebs swor gramatikul da orTografiul formebs

icnobs da iyenebs teqstis Casworebis martiv xerxebs

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ubrundeba nawers koreqtirebisTvis, amCnevs da asworebs martiv Secdomebs

xmamaRla kiTxulobs sakuTar nawers, cvlis teqstis ama Tu im monakveTs stilis TvalsazrisiT ukeTesi variantiT

wers Seswavlili teqstis Sinaarss

SeuZlia karnaxiT wera

moswavleTa TviTSefaseba da urTierTSefaseba

TviTSefaseba da Tanatolebis Sefaseba mniSvnelovania, ramdenadac es procesi moswavles saSualebas aZlevs, Tavisi susti da Zlieri mxareebi gaacnobieros, obieqturad Seafasos sakuTari codna, SesaZleblobebi, TviTkritikis unari ganiviTaros da dinamikaSi adevnos Tvali sakuTar progress. sabolood ki es yvelaferi moswavles damoukideblad swavlis unarCvevas uyalibebs. amasTan, moswavleTa TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis meSveobiT maswavlebeli met informacias agrovebs moswavleebis Sesaxeb da maT ganviTarebas ufro efeqtianad warmarTavs.

sasurvelia, moswavleTa TviTSefasebisTvis da urTierTSefasebisaTvis gankuTvnili rubrikebi ufro martivad iyos agebuli da ZiriTadad pirdapiri pasuxebiT Semoifarglebodes (diax/ara, veTanxmebi/ar veTanxmebi da sxv.).

maswavlebelma TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis rubrikebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenos konkretuli Temis aTvisebis xarisxis Semowmebisas, swavlis Sedegebisa da miRwevebis gazomvisas, ama Tu im unaris ganviTarebis doneze dakvirvebisas da sxv.

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TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis kidev erTi, gansxvavebuli formaa, rodesac moswavleebi maT mierve (an Tanaklaselebis mier) daweril savarjiSoebs Tavadve amowmeben maswavleblis mier miTiTebuli swori pasuxebis mixedviT da bolos iTvlian, Tu ramdeni savarjiSo gaakeTes sworad. agreTve, TviTSefasebis gavrcelebuli variantia moswavleebis mier dRiuris tipis Canawerebis gakeTeba, sadac aRweren, Tu ra warmatebebs miaRwies, ra uSliT xels miRebuli Sedegebis gaumjobesebaSi da a.S.

qvemoT mocemulia moswavlis zogadi unarebis TviTSefasebis rubrikis nimuSi, romelze dayrdnobiTac SegiZliaT rubrikis sakuTari variantic SeqmnaT.

moswavlis TviTSefasebis rubrikis nimuSi


kriteriumebi yovelTvis zogjer arasodes

gakveTilze yuradRebiT var

maswavleblis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs vpasuxob

ar merideba sakuTari azris xmamaRla gamoTqma

yuradRebiT vismen sxvis azrs

marto muSaobaze metad jgufebSi muSaoba mexaliseba

rodesac raimes ver vigeb, vekiTxebi maswavlebels an klasels

gakveTilze xels ar vuSli klaselebs

muSaobis dawyebis win viniSnav dros da vcdilob, mas ar gadavacilo

maswavleblis TviTSefaseba

TviTSefaseba maswavleblisTvisac iseTive mniSvnelovani komponentia, rogoric moswavleTaTvis, vinaidan swored misi meSveobiT SeuZlia pedagogs sakuTari Zlieri da susti mxareebis identificireba da amis gaTvaliswinebiT samomavlo prioritetebis gamokveTa.

drois garkveuli monakveTis ganmavlobaSi TviTSefasebis erTi da imave rubrikis sistematuri gamoyeneba da miRebuli Sedegebis mudmivi

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monitoringi maswavleblis ganviTarebis efeqturi saSualebaa. saWiroebis mixedviT, maswavlebels SeuZlia Secvalos, Seavsos, gadaasxvaferos TviTSefasebis rubrikis kriteriumebi.

qvemoT mocemulia maswavleblis TviTSefasebis rubrikis nimuSi.

maswavleblis TviTSefasebis rubrika

vqmni Tu ara saklaso oTaxSi wignier garemos?

ra konkretul nabijebs vdgam mis Sesaqmnelad?

ra iyo yvelaze warmatebuli Cem mier dRes Catarebul gakveTilSi?

ramdenad sworad mivusadage erTmanTs SerCeuli teqsti da meTodi?

ras Sevcvlidi?

ramdenad Seesabameba Cemi moswavleebis miRwevebi dadgenil standarts?

rogor SeiZleba gavaumjobeso miRweuli Sedegebi?

SemiZlia Tu ara klasis marTva da organizeba?

konkretulad ras vakeTeb saklaso garemos organizebisaTvis?

kiTxvis unaris Semowmebis testi

testis miznebi:

SevamowmoT TiToeuli moswavlis Segnebuli kiTxvis unari.

gadavamowmoT gamarTuli kiTxvis ori aspeqti: sityvebis sworad wakiTxva da intonacia.

gavaanalizoT testirebisaTvis gamoyenebuli teqstebis

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adekvaturoba.

davgegmoT problemur moswavleebTan muSaobis strategia.

gavamdidroT gagebis swavleba efeqturi resursebiTa da strategiebiT.

saWiro resursi: mocemuli klasisaTvis saSualoze dabali sirTulis ori teqsti

a. TxrobiTi,

b. aRweriTi/informaciuli.

testis msvleloba

safexuri maswavleblis moqmedeba moswavlis moqmedeba

kiTxvis dawyebamde moamzadebs teqsts, SekiTxvebsa da Sesavseb formas.

dajdeba moswavlis gverdiT. usvams ramdenime zogad SekiTxvas kiTxvasTan dakavSirebiT (mag.: „ras kiTxulob axla?“, „mogwons?“).

eubneba, rom axla moswavle waikiTxavs teqsts xmamaRla.

usmens maswavlebels.

pasuxobs SekiTxvebs.

emzadeba teqstis wasakiTxad.

kiTxvis procesSi CainiSnavs SecdomiT wakiTxuli sityvebis raodenobas, an Tavad sityvebs moniSnavs.

kiTxulobs.

cdilobs gaigos.

kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg madlobas uxdis moswavles wakiTxvisaTvis.

usvams mas sami tipis SekiTxvebs: 1. gaxseneba, 2. leqsika, 3. gageba.

avsebs specialur formas (ix. danarTi).

moismens maswavleblis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs. cdilobs upasuxos.

94


instruqcia maswavleblisaTvis

kiTxvis dawyebamde

dasviT moswavle Tqven mopirdapire mxares an miujeqiT marjvena mxares, odnav moSorebiT.

gauRimeT.

uTxariT, rom gainteresebT, ramdenad kargad igebs igi (moswavle) wakiTxuls.

dausviT kiTxvis Sesaxeb ramdenime SekiTxva, romlebic uSualod teqstTan ar iqneba dakavSirebuli. mag.: „ras kiTxulob axla?“, „mogwons?“, „ra aris am wignSi yvelaze saintereso?“ da sxv.

uTxariT, rom axla man (moswavlem) unda waikiTxos teqsti xmamaRla. amasTan, Seecados, rom kargad gaigos, ra weria am teqstSi. aseve, uTxariT, rom wakiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg Tqven dausvamT ramdenime SekiTxvas, raTa erTad daadginoT, Tu ramdenad kargad gaigo man wakiTxuli.

uTxariT, rom waikiTxos Cveulebrivad, misTvis bunebrivi siCqariT, ise, rogorc saxlSi kiTxulobs.

uTxariT moswavles, ris Sesaxeb aris teqsti. Tu teqsti ilustrirebulia, uCveneT ilustracia, magram ara didi xniT. saTaursa da ilustraciaze xangrZlivi saubari saWiro ar aris.

sTxoveT moswavles, rom daiwyos kiTxva.

kiTxvis procesSi

Tqvens samuSao furcelze CaniSneT (mag., CamousviT xazi) TiToeuli arasworad wakiTxuli sityva. Tu Tqveni samuSao furceli teqstis aslsac Seicavs, arasworad wakiTxuli sityvis qveS xazi gausviT, an Tavze daawereT is varianti, romelic am sityvis wakiTxvisas moswavlem warmoTqva. Tu moswavle erTsa da imave sityvas ramdenjerme kiTxulobs SecdomiT, moniSneT mxolod erTxel.

Tu moswavle dasawyisidanve bevr sityvas kiTxulobs SecdomiT, SewyviteT kiTxva da erTi doniT martivi teqsti mieciT wasakiTxad.

95

wigniereba

daakvirdiT kiTxvis im aspeqtebs, romlebic gainteresebT. mag., kiTxulobs Tu ara moswavle gamometyvelebiT/intonaciiT? ra qcevebs avlens moswavle kiTxvis procesSi (nerviulobs, pozebs icvlis, fexs aqnevs, periodulad wyvets kiTxvas, gisvamT SekiTxvebs da sxv.)?

kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg

kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg dausviT moswavles SekiTxvebi winaswar dadgenili TanmimdevrobiT (gaxsenebaze orientirebuli >>> leqsikaze orientirebuli >>> gagebaze orientirebuli). mieciT moswavles dro dafiqrebisaTvis. pasuxebi CainiSneT.

kidev erTxel gauRimeT moswavles, gadauxadeT madloba da SeaqeT, miuxedavad imisa, warmatebiT waikiTxa Tu ara.

SeavseT testis forma saWiro informaciiT.

SeniSvna: gTxovT, ar SeiWraT maswavleblis rolSi, imis miuxedavad, Tu ra saxis daxmareba dasWirdeba moswavles am procesSi. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom amjerad Tqven testis administratori xarT.

forma

kiTxvis unaris (gamarTuli kiTxvisa da gagebagaazrebis) Semowmebis testi

klasi: maswavlebeli: testirebis TariRebi:

teqstis tipi: TxrobiTi aRweriTi/sainformacio

teqstSi sityvebis raodenoba:

9�


Sesavsebi cxrili

# moswavlis saxeli da gvari

SecdomiT wakiTxuli (arasworad dekodirebuli) sityvebis raodenoba

SekiTxvebze pasuxis Sedegi

kiTxvis gabmuloba

intonacia SeniSvnebi (maT Soris, qcevis an metyvelebis Sesaxeb)

1 2 3 1 2 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

97

wigniereba

12

13

14

15

16

testirebis dasrulebis TariRi: maswavleblis xelmowera:

5..kiTxvis.gakveTilis,.aqtivobis.an.Tematuri.blokis/erTeulis.dagegmva

ra aris kiTxvis gakveTili?

pirvel rigSi, unda ganvsazRvroT, ra aris „kiTxvis gakveTili“. es aris gakveTili, romelic Seicavs kiTxvis (da, rogorc wesi, weris) aqtivobebs da aucileblad gulisxmobs moswavleebis mier uSualod teqstTan muSaobas. Sesabamisad, kiTxvis gakveTilis erTerTi mizani aucileblad aris kiTxvis unaris an unarTa ama Tu im kombinaciis ganviTareba. msoflios araerT qveyanaSi Catarebuli kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom kiTxvis gakveTilebi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs moswavleebSi wignierebis donis amaRlebaSi.

rogorc aRvniSneT, kiTxvis gakveTilis mTavari komponenti aris teqstis wakiTxva da gaazreba. kiTxvis swavlebis Tanamedrove,

98


konstruqtivistuli paradigmis mixedviT, kiTxvis aqtivoba samfazian modelze aigeba. es fazebia: procesi teqstis wakiTxvamde, uSualod kiTxvis procesi da wakiTxvis Semdgomi procesi. TiToeuli faza gulisxmobs mkiTxvelis mier konkretuli amocanebis Sesrulebas, romelTa Sesaxebac qvemoT ufro dawvrilebiT visaubrebT.

gakveTilis Temis, miznebisa da amocanebis gansazRvra

gakveTilis dagegmvisas maswavleblis upirvelesi amocana gakveTilis saswavlo miznis mkafiod Camoyalibebaa. saswavlo mizanSi aisaxeba is, Tu ras unda miaRwion da ra unarCvevebi unda SeiZinon moswavleebma. mizani asaxavs ara process, aramed gakveTilis mosalodnel Sedegs. igi unda efuZnebodes saswavlo gegmasa da moswavleTa saWiroebebsa da interesebs, unda iyos realisturi da miiRweodes mocemul sagakveTilo droSi.

amis Semdgom maswavlebeli gansazRvravs gakveTilis mTavar ideas/Temas. mniSvnelovania, rom Tema iyos aqtualuri, aaqtiurebdes moswavleebis winare codnas da iZleodes momdevno sakiTxebze dinamiurad gadasvlisa da codnis integrirebis saSualebas. sasurvelia, gakveTilis Tema SekiTxvis saxiT iyos Camoyalibebuli. amosavali SekiTxvis dasma xels uwyobs cnobismoyvareobis gaRvivebas da moswavleebs kvlevaZiebisken ubiZgebs. SekiTxvis meSveobiT Semotanili saintereso problema da misi gadaWris gzebis Zieba gakveTilis dinamikurad warmarTvis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

maswavlebelma mkafiod unda Camoayalibos gakveTilis amocanebi da misaRwevi Sedegebi: Tu ra konkretul codnas daeuflebian moswavleebi, romeli unarebis ganviTarebasa da gamoyenebaSi gaiwafebian da ra damokidebulebebi CamouyalibdebaT; werisa da kiTxvis romel unarebs/strategiebs gamoimuSaveben da ramdenad Seuwyobs xels mocemuli gakveTili maTSi wignierebis donis amaRlebas.

garda amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom mravalferovani aqtivobebis, saswavlo strategiebisa da davalebebis SeTavazebiT maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs gamoumuSaos rogorc specifikuri da zogadi unarebi, ise _ maRalzneobrivi Rirebulebebi.

99

wigniereba

gakveTilis msvleloba

gakveTilis dawyebamde maswavlebelma unda gaiazros, Tu rogori iqneba misi mimdinareoba, ra unda icodnen moswavleebma da ra unarCvevebs unda flobdnen imisaTvis, rom gakveTilis amocanebi warmatebiT Seasrulon. araerTi kvleviTaa dadasturebuli, rom daaxloebiT 70 procenti imisa, rasac moswavle swavlobs, damokidebulia Sesabamis wina codnasa da unarze7.

Zalze mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor daiwyebs maswavlebeli gakveTils, rogor Seqmnis saTanado ganwyobas, ra aqtivobebsa da SekiTxvebs gamoiyenebs moswavleTa dasaintereseblad da winare codnis gasaaqtiureblad pirvel anu wakiTxvamdel fazaSi; ramdenad efeqturad warmarTavs codnis konstruirebis process meore fazaSi anu uSualod kiTxvis procesSi da rogor moaxerxebs naswavlis gaerTianebasa da ganmtkicebas mesame _ wakiTxvis Semdgom fazaSi.

moswavleTa organizeba

maswavlebelma gakveTilze maqsimalurad efeqturad unda moaxdinos moswavleebis organizeba; sworad miusadagos muSaobis formebi maT SesaZleblobebs; gansazRvros, ra SemTxvevaSi iqneba umjobesi individualurad, wyvilebSi, jgufebSi an mTel klasTan erTad muSaoba.

drois ganawileba

gakveTilis dagegmvisas erTerTi sagulisxmo komponentia drois sworad ganawileba. sagakveTilo drois efeqtianad marTvisTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma winaswar gaweros, daaxloebiT ramden wuTs dauTmobs gakveTilis sxvadasxva fazaze ama Tu im aqtivobis gamoyenebas.

resursebi

gakveTilis dagegmvisas maswavlebelma winaswar unda gansazRvros sxvadasxva tipis resursebi (mag., saxelmZRvanelo, samuSao furclebi, proeqtori, interneti, TvalsaCinoebebi, dasarigebeli

7 swavleba da Sefaseba, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 69

100


masala, sakancelario nivTebi da sxv.), romlebic xels Seuwyobs saswavlo procesis efeqtianad warmarTvas. gakveTilis dawyebamde maswavlebelma unda gadaamowmos, ramdenad wesrigSia yvela saswavlo resursi, raTa Tavidan aicilos sagakveTilo procesis SesaZlo Seferxeba.

Sefaseba

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis rubrikis Seqmnisas maswavlebelma kargad unda gansazRvros Sefasebis sagani da procedurebi, gamokveTos dakvirvebisa da analizis obieqti (mag., zepiri prezentacia, msjeloba, weriTi samuSao da sxv.) da daadginos Sefasebis kriteriumebi. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma winaswar, anu saswavlo davalebebis/instruqciebis micemamde gaacnos moswavleebs Sefasebis rubrika.

TviTSefaseba

sasurvelia, maswavlebelma gakveTilis dasrulebis Semdeg gaakeTos analizi, Tu ra iyo gakveTilze kargi, ramdenad iqna miRweuli dasaxuli miznebi da ramdenad Seesabameba miznebs moswavleTa Sefasebis Sedegebi; risi Secvla an gaumjobesebaa saWiro samomavlod ukeTesi Sedegebis misaRwevad.

kiTxvis samfaziani gakveTilis sqema

A – wakiTxvamde

molodinebis gansazRvra, gamowveva

B – kiTxvis procesi

codnis konstruireba

C – wakiTxvis Semdeg

codnis gamTlianebaganmtkiceba, refleqsia

moswavleTa winare codnis gaaqtiureba

swavlis miznis gacnoba

cnobismoyvareobisa da interesis gaRviveba

Sinaarsis gacnoba

Sesaswavli masalis aqtiuri damuSaveba

codnis gaziareba

naswavlis Sejameba

axali codnis efeqtianobis gansazRvra

axali codnis mniSvnelobis gacnobiereba

101

wigniereba

gakveTilis gegmis sqema

gakveTilis Tema:

gakveTilis mizani:

fazameTodi/

strategiamoswavleTa organizeba

dro resursebi

wakiTxvamde

kiTxvis procesi

wakiTxvis Semdgomi procesi

6..gakveTilis.gegmis.nimuSebi

gakveTilis gegma # 1

gakveTilis Tema:

ra aris sicocxle? ra roli ekisreba cxovrebiseul faseulobebs adamianis arsebobaSi?

gakveTilis mizani:

moswavlem unda SeZlos:

gaazrebis Sesaferisi strategiebis gamoyeneba teqstis miznebis Sesabamisad;

eqsplicituri da implicituri informaciis moZieba da gaazreba kiTxvis procesSi;

martivi TxrobiTi teqstis dawera struqturis dacviTa da mxatvruli xerxebis gamoyenebiT.

102


fazameTodi/

strategiamoswavleTa organizeba

dro resursebi

wakiTxvamde „gonebrivi ieriSi“ SekiTxva: ra aris CemTvis sicocxle?

erToblivi muSaoba mTel klasTan

10 wuTi 1. TxrobiTi teqsti: „suleiman mefe da wero“ (induri zRapari);

2. moswavleTa raodenobis Sesabamisi Sesavsebi „marTuli kiTxvisa da gaazrebis“ da „sadiskusio qselis“ sqemebi (qseroasli);

3. dafa/formati;

4. carci/markeri;

5.furclebi/rveulebi;

6. kalmebi.

kiTxvis procesi

„marTuli kiTxvis/mosmenisa da gaazrebis aqtivoba“.I pauza: „erTxel suleiman mefes......rogor moqceuliyo.”II pauza: „yvelam erTxmad.......unda daelia.”III pauza: „maSin suleimanma......werom ki miugo.”

erToblivi muSaoba mTel klasTan

20 wuTi

wakiTxvis Semdgom

„sadiskusio qseli“ SekiTxva: unda daelia Tu ara mefes wyali? diskusia an5wuTiani wera „me rom suleiman mefe vyofiliyavi...“; „saavtoro skami“.

wyviluri muSaobajgufuri/mTel klasTan muSaobaindividualuri muSaoba

15 wuTi

suleiman mefe da brZeni wero

folklori

Targmani induridan _ n. TofCiSvili, T. WavWavaZe, q. kakabaZe

erTxel suleiman mefes, romelic marto adamianebze ki ara, cxovelebzec mbrZaneblobda, erTma brZenma ukvdavebis wyliT savse Tasi miarTva da ase uTxra:

— icode, am wyals Tu ar dalev, sicocxles male daemSvidobebi, xolo Tu dalev, ukvdavebas moipoveb! axla Sen ici, rogorc ginda, ise moiqecio.

103

wigniereba

Cafiqrda mefe suleimani da bolos gadawyvita brZenTaTvis ekiTxa rCeva.

rac ki dedamiwis zurgze brZeni iyo, adamianica da cxovelic, yvelam mis sasaxleSi moiyara Tavi. mefem maT Tavisi gasaWiri uambo da SeekiTxa, rogor moqceuliyo.

yvelam erTxmad Seaqo amqveyniuri cxovreba da mis sitkboeba.

— sicocxle upirvelesi simdidrea, sicocxleze Zvirfasi amqveynad araferi ariso, — ambobdnen isini.

erTi sityviT, yvelam gadawyvita, rom suleimans ukvdavebis wyali unda daelia.

maSin suleimanma ikiTxa:

— xom aravin darCa brZenTa Soris, vinc aq ar gamocxadebulao?

aRmoCnda, rom moxuci brZeni wero ar iyo am TaTbirze.

mefem maSinve kaci gagzavna mis mosawvevad.

da ai, weroc gamocxadda mefis sasaxleSi. suleimanma uambo yvelaferi da rCeva sTxova.

maSin werom suleimans hkiTxa:

— ukvdavebis wyals mxolod Sen dalev, Tu Sens megobrebsa da axloblebsac daalevinebo?

— wyali marto CemTvisaa motanili da sxvebs neba ara aqvT daliono.

werom ki miugo:

— maS rad ginda sicocxle, Tuki umegobrod da uTvistomod darCebi? Sen axla msoflios ganageb, garSemo myofebiT xarob. martodmarto ki ra unda gaakeTo am qveyanazeo?

suleimani mixvda naTqvamis sibrZnes, Seaqo wero da ukvdavebis wyali aRar dalia.

104



gakveTilis Tema:

qarTuli multiplikaciis istoria.

gakveTilis mizani:


sxvadasxva sirTulis teqstis xmamaRla gamarTulad wakiTxva;

gagebis/gaazrebis Sesaferisi strategiebis moSvelieba miznisa da teqstis tipis mixedviT.

faza meTodi/strategia moswavleTa organizeba

dro resursebi

wakiTxvamde 1. „gaseirneba ilustraciebSi“ SekiTxva: ilustraciebis mixedviT gamoicaniT, ras Seexeba wasakiTxi teqsti?

2. „mainteresebs“ _

3 SekiTxva multiplikaciis Sesaxeb

muSaoba mTel klasTan

individualuri muSaoba

15 wuTi 1. informaciuli teqsti: „qarTuli multiplikacia“;

2. dafa/formati;

3. carci/markeri;

4.furclebi/rveulebi;

5. kalmebi.kiTxvis procesi

“kiTxva wyvilebSi” wyviluri muSaoba

15 wuTi

wakiTxvis Semdgom

„mainteresebs“ SekiTxva: ipoveT Tu ara teqstSi pasuxebi Tqven mier dasmul kiTxvebze? gauziareT Tqveni SekiTxvebi da pasuxebi mTel klass.



15 wuTi

105

wigniereba

qarTuli.multiplikacia

multiplikacia kinoxelovnebis erTerTi saxea. is me20 saukunis dasawyisSi warmoiSva. sityva „multiplikacia“ laTinuri warmoSobisaa da gamravlebas niSnavs. marTlac, ekranze rom naxati amoZravdes, amisaTvis erTi naxatis uamrav sxvadasxva mdgomareobaSi daxatvaa saWiro, Semdeg specialur aparatSi maT swrafad gaatareben da naxatic amoZravdeba. swored ase iqmneboda moZravi kadrebi da TqvenTvis sayvareli multfilmebi. sul raRac 810 wuTiani naxati filmis sigrZe 250300 metria. amdenad, aseTi filmebis Seqmna Zalian Sromatevadi da xangrZlivi samuSaoa. marTalia, mTavari roli aq mxatvars ekuTvnis, magram masTan erTad uamravi sxva profesiis adamianic muSaobs: mwerlebi, romlebic scenarebs qmnian, kompozitorebi, romlebic musikalurad aformeben films, msaxiobebi, romlebic Tqvens sayvarel gmirebs axmovaneben, reJisorebi, operatorebi, memontaJeebi da mravali sxva.

CxikvTa qorwili

10�


qarTuli multiplikacia Zalian mravalferovani da lamazia. mas safuZveli me20 saukunis 30ian wlebSi Caeyara. qarTuli naxati filmebis fuZemdebelia mxatvari da reJisori vladimer (lado) mujiri. 1953 wels man gadaiRo pirveli qarTuli mxatvruli multiplikaciuri filmi „argonavtebi“. filmis mTavari mxatvaria cnobili qarTveli xelovani lado gudiaSvili, kompozitori ki Salva azmaifaraSvili.

qarTuli multfilmebis siuJetebad iyenebdnen qarTul zRaprebs, qarTveli da ucxoeli mwerlebis moTxrobebs, sagangebod qmnidnen axal nawarmoebebs. ase cocxldebodnen bavSvebis sayvareli zRaprebisa Tu moTxrobebis gmirebi da ufro metad sayvareli xdebodnen Tavad multfilmebi. garda imisa, rom naxati filmebi Zalian saintereso da STambeWdavi sayurebelia, isini bavSvebs megobrobas, sikeTes, siyvaruls, Tavdadebasac aswavlian, uxvewaven gemovnebas, aCveven

kargisa da cudis garCevas.

195060ian wlebSi Seqmnili qarTuli multfilmebidan gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva: „CxikvTa qorwili“, „mtroba“, „xelmarjve ostati“, „wuna da wruwuna“, „naxevarqaTama“ da a.S.

..momdevno wlebSi kidev mravali naxati filmi Seiqmna, romelTagan bavSvebma gansakuTrebiT Seiyvares: „me wvimad moval“, „mgeli da kravi“, „tyis kvarteti“, „sizmara“, „bati tasiko“ da sxva.

kinostudia „qarTul filmSi“ naxati filmebis garda iqmneboda Tojinuri filmebic. pirveli aseTi filmi, saxelwodebiT „niko da siko“, 1961 wels gadaiRes. Semdeg ki Seiqmna filmebi: „gogona da Sadrevani“, „Zilisguda“, „bombora“.

qarTul multiplikaciur filmebs mraval qveyanaSi uCvenebdnen. maRalmxatvruli Rirsebebis gamo qarTuli naxati filmebi araerTxel dajildovebula sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso festivalze.

me wvimad moval.

107

wigniereba

„saubrebi xelovnebaze“

gamomcemloba meridiani

Tbilisi, 2003

http://children.dsl.ge/main_xaki.htm

visaubroT

1. CamoTvale, ra profesiis adamianebi monawileoben multfilmebis SeqmnaSi.

2. teqstSi CamoTvlili multfilmebidan romelime xom ar gaqvs nanaxi?

3. romelia Seni sayvareli multfilmi? ratom mogwons igi?

tyis kvarteti

bati tasiko

sizmara

108



gakveTilis Tema:

ra aris meniu? funqciuri teqstis mniSvneloba.

gakveTilis mizani:


• sxvadasxva tipis teqstis Sinaarsis gageba;

• mokle funqciuri teqstis dawera misi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

faza meTodi/strategiamoswavleTa organizeba

dro resursebi

wakiTxvamde „vici minda vicode viswavle“ SekiTxvebi: ra vici menius Sesaxeb? ra minda vicode menius Sesaxeb (risTvisaa saWiro, rogor unda daiweros da a.S.)? sqemis nawilobriv Sevseba


wyviluri muSaoba

10 wuTi 1. funqciuri teqsti: „meniu“;

2. formatebi/furclebi;

3. feradi fanqrebi/flomasterebi.

kiTxvis procesi

„viciminda vicodeviswavle“ teqstis damuSaveba

individualuri muSaoba/muSaoba mTel klasTan

15 wuTi

wakiTxvis Semdgom

„viciminda vicodeviswavle“ sqemis srulad Sevseba.

menius Sedgena, gaformeba, prezentacia


jgufuri muSaoba

20 wuTi

109

wigniereba

.meniu

albaT yvelas ginaxavT meniu. kafeSi an restoranSi Sesuls mouTmenlad gadagiSliaT da CqarCqara gadagifurclavT sasurveli kerZis ZiebaSi.

meniu franguli sityvaa da qarTulad iseT furcels niSnavs, romelzedac Camowerilia is kerZebi, tkbileuli da sasmelebi, romelTa SekveTac ama Tu im kafesa da restoranSi aris SesaZlebeli. kerZebis gaswvriv miwerilia maTive fasebi. Tu menius gverdebis bolos aseT warweras SexvdebiT: „+ 10% momsaxurebis gadasaxadi“, ar daibneT, es niSnavs, rom Tqven mier gadasaxdel Tanxas mimtanebis momsaxurebis safasuric emateba.

saqarTveloSi meniu xSirad qarTulis garda romelime ucxour enazedac aris dabeWdili, raTa ucxoelebmac Tavisuflad SeZlon kerZebis SekveTa. yvela kafebari da restorani cdilobs, rom momxmareblebs mravalferovani kerZebi SesTavazos, sainteresod gaformebuli meniu ki amis saukeTeso saSualebaa.

warmoidgine, rom xar kafes an restornis mepatrone. mewyvilesTan erTad Seadgine da gaaforme meniu.

110



gakveTilis Tema:

ra aris vaJkacoba? ra Tvisebebis gamo miiCneven adamians Rirseulad?

gakveTilis mizani:


• sakuTari azrisa da damokidebulebis gamoxatva wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT;

• misTvis nacnob Temebze sxvadasxva xasiaTis teqstebis gamarTulad wera.


dro resursebi

wakiTxvamde „dafiqrdidawyvildigauziare“ SekiTxva: rogori adamiania vaJkaci?


wyviluri muSaoba

57 wuTi

1. mxatvruli teqsti: „is ki ar aris biWoba“ (vaJafSavela);

2. rveulebi/furclebi;

3. „sadiskusio qselis“ sqemebi (qseroasli);

4. kalmebi.

kiTxvis procesi

1. „orsvetiani dRiuri“ teqstis (TiToeuli strofis) damuSaveba. SekiTxva: ra miaCnia vaJafSavelas „biWobad“? 2. „sadiskusio qseli“ SekiTxva: es leqsi mxolod biWebzea Tu yvela adamianze?

individualuri/ wyviluri muSaoba


10 wuTi

10 wuTi

wakiTxvis Semdgom

„samwuTiani esei“ – „ra aris CemTvis biWoba“.„saavtoro skami“ nawerebis prezentacia.


20 wuTi

111

wigniereba

is ki ar aris biWoba

is ki ar aris biWoba,

rom gamagrebdnen, magrobde;

biWs maSin dagiZaxebdi,

TavisTavada vargobde.

arc is mgonia biWoba,

visac erevi, axrCobde;

biWs maSin dagiZaxebdi,

rom sxvis damxrCvalsa swamlobde.

miTxar, vis uTqvams biWobad,

damCagvrelebsa wyalobde?

aba biWoba is aris,

daCagrulTaTvis wvalobde.

vaJafSavela

visaubroT

1. CamoTvale, ra ar miaCnia avtors biWobad, vaJkacobad.

2. kidev raimes xom ar daamatebdi leqsSi CamoTvlil vaJkacur Tvisebebs?


gakveTilis Tema:

raze vocnebobT? ra sWirdeba adamians bednierebisaTvis?

gakveTilis mizani:


sxvadasxva sirTulis teqstis Cumad gamarTulad wakiTxva;

gagebaze orientirebuli SekiTxvebis dasma teqstis wakiTxvamde,

112


wakiTxvis procesSi da wakiTxvis Semdeg da sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT;

martivi Txzulebis dawera struqturis dacviTa da mxatvruli xerxebis gamoyenebiT.


dro resursebi

wakiTxvamde 1. mcire diskusia SekiTxva: ginatriaT Tu ara odesme uCinmaCinoba? 2. „kiTxvebi da pasuxebi“ SekiTxvebisa da Sesavsebi sqemis gacnoba1. „iqve, teqstSi“ ratom inatra toninom uCinmaCinoba?2. „ifiqre da moiZie“ ris gamo atirda tonino?3. „avtori da me“ ratom xedavda moxuci kaci toninos?4. „me TviTon“ ra aris saWiro bednierad cxovrebisaTvis?


15 wuTi 1. TxrobiTi teqsti: „uCinmaCini tonino“ (jani rodaris mixedviT);

2. „kiTxvebis da pasuxebis“ Sesavsebi sqemebi (qseroasli);

3. kalmebi;

4. rveulebi/furclebi.

kiTxvis procesi

wakiTxvis Semdgom

„literaturuli wre“ rolebi:mkiTxveli, Semajamebeli, varaudebis gamomTqmeli, sityvebis momZiebeli.„kiTxvebi da pasuxebi“ sqemis Sevseba. pasuxebis ganxilva. diskusia.

momdevno gakveTilze:„rafT“ strategia roli: tonino;auditoria: misi megobrebi/yvela bavSvi/mSoblebi;formati: werili;Tema: „me rom uCinmaCini viyavi“...„saavtoro skami“ nawerebis prezentacia.

jgufuri muSaoba




15 wuTi

15 wuTi

2025 wuTi

113

wigniereba

uCinmaCini.tonino

jani rodaris moTxrobis mixedviT

es saocari ambavi erT italiel biWs, toninos gadaxda. erTxel toninom gakveTili ar iswavla da ise wavida skolaSi. midioda da guli uskdeboda, vaiTu gamomiZaxono.

`netavi erTi uCinmaCinad maqcia, sxva araferi minda~, _ natrobda gulSi tonino.

gakveTili Cveulebrivad siis amokiTxviT daiwyo. roca maswavlebelma toninos gvari waikiTxa, is uceb fexze wamoxta da, aqa varo, daiZaxa, magram imis xma aravis ar gaugonia.

_ etyoba, tonino avad gaxda, _ Tqva maswavlebelma. _ swored dRes unda gamomeZaxa.

tonino mixvda, natvra amsrulebia, uCinmaCini var ukveo, gaqanda da, oTaxis kuTxeSi qaRaldis naxevebiT savse kalaTa rom idga, Sig Caxta. mere merxebze daiwyo sirbili da braxabruxi atexa. xan erT bavSvs awiwknida qoCors, xan meores. Tvalis daxamxamebaSi mTeli klasi yiramala daayena. unda genaxaT, ra aurzauri atyda! bavSvebi erTmaneTs ecnen, yvela erTimeores abralebda, ara Sen iyavi, ara Senao. uCinmaCini tonino ki siciliT igudeboda.

bevri icelqa Tu cota icelqa, bolos moswyinda toninos iq yofna da wavida, avtobusSi Cajda. naxa ukan carieli adgili da kargad moikalaTa. bileTi arc gaxsenebia. kidev kargi, konduqtori ver xedavda, Torem ubileTod vin waiyvanda! meore gaCerebaze troleibusSi erTi msuqani qali avida. cariel adgils mohkra Tu ara Tvali, mivida, gatenili CanTa dado da gaognda _ CanTa skamze ki ar ido, haerSi ekida. aba, ras ifiqrebda is qalbatoni, iq Tu uCinmaCini biWi ijda da CanTa imas edo muxlebze! sawyali tonino kinaRam gaWylita mZime CanTam, msuqanma qalma ki yvirili morTo:

114


_ esRa gvaklda! ra ubedurebaa, skamze CanTa veRar damidia! SexedeT erTi, SexedeT!

marTla metismetia, am oxer transports patroni aRara hyavso, ayayandnen sxvebic.

amasobaSi toninom avtobusidan Zirs iskupa, tkbileulis maRaziaSi Sevida, da uamravi yelis Casatkbarunebeli rame naxa! jer qiSmiSiani nazuqi CabRuja, mere Sokoladian namcxvars moulxina! gamyidveli Tvalebs ar ujerebda _ ra mosdis am tkbileulso, da Saqaryinulis sayidlad Semosul erT batons mivarda, Sen iparavo. kaci gacecxlda, qurdoba rogor damabraleso da maRaziaSi imisTana Cxubi atyda, mTeli quCa iq Seiyara. ucbad saidanRac policiac movida. erihaa, wavide, gavaswroo, ifiqra toninom, karSi gaZvra da skolisaken mokurcxla, erTi vnaxo, Cveni biWebi ras akeTebeno. mivida da zari daireka kidec. gaiRo kari da bavSvebi sul yiramala, JriamuliT gamocvivdnen klasidan. tonino yvelas xedavda, is ki aravis daunaxavs. xan erT bavSvs gadaudga win, xan meores, magram verc erTi ver amCnevda, zedac aravin uyurebda.

daRlildaqanculi da cxvirCamoSvebuli tonino Sinisken walaslasda. deda ukve eZebda, aivanze idga da Zirs iyureboda.

_ aqa var, deda! _ dauZaxa toninom.

deda arc ganZreula. arc tonino daunaxavs da arc imis xma gaugonia. isev quCas gascqeroda SeSinebuli.

_ me var, mami! _ axla aRelvebul mamas Seexmiana tonino.

mamasac araferi gaugonia, idga da fanjaraSi ixedeboda.

_ aqa var, xalxo, ra mogividaT! _ gamwarebuli yviroda tonino da imis yvirili mainc aravis ar esmoda.

axla ki ukve cremlebi waskda toninos. magram tirils aba ra fasi aqvs, roca Sens cremlebs veravin xedavs?

_ ara, aRar minda uCinmaCinoba! _ sacodavad slukunebda tonino. _ isev dedasTan da mamasTan minda! oRondac daminaxon, da mcemon, ra vqna! Tu unda, maswavlebelmac yoveldRe gamomiZaxos. vaime, dedaa!..

am tirilSi tonino kibeebs Cauyva da ezoSi Cavida.

_ ra gatirebs, biWo! _ hkiTxa toninos iqve mzeze gasaTbobad Camomjdarma berikacma.

115

wigniereba

tonino kinaRam gadairia.

_ marTla mxedav? _ Sehyvira gaxarebulma.

_ gxedav, yoveldRe gxedav, roca skolidan brundebi.

_ me ki arasodes ar SemimCnevixar.

_ vici, Svilo, vici. karga xania ukve aRaravin ar mamCnevs. aba, viRas raSi vWirdebi pensioneri kaci? sul marto var. raRa me da raRa uCinmaCini!

am dros aivnidan dedis xma moisma:

_ tonino!

_ mxedav, deda?

_ netavi ar gxedavde! amodi, gamoadgi fexi! mamaSeni giCvenebs seirs...

_ movdivar, deda, movdivar! _ tonino sixaruliT wamoxta skamidan.

_ Sen getyoba, mSoblebis sayvedurisac ara geSinia! _ gauRima berikacma.

tonino kiserze moexvia moxucs, loyaze akoca da CasCurCula, Sen amixile Tvalebi, Sen gadamarCineo.

_ me ki ar agixile, Sen TviTonve mixvdi! egrea, bednierad rom icxovro, amisTvis uCinmaCinoba sulac ar aris saWiro! _ Tavze gadausva xeli berikacma.

visaubroT

1. ris gamo atirda tonino?

2. eTanxmebiT Tu ara moxucis sityvebs: “bednierad rom icxovro, amisTvis uCinmaCinoba sulac ar aris saWiro”? ratom?

3. odesme ginatriaT uCinmaCinoba? ratom?

11�


gamoyenebuli literatura

1. dawyebiTi safexuris maswavleblis meToduri gzamkvlevi, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, Tbilisi, 2010

2. dimitri uznaZe, bavSvis fsiqologia, saskolo asakis fsiqologia, Tbilisi, 2003

3. kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, Tbilisi, 2010

4. swavleba da Sefaseba, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, Tbilisi, 2009

5. wigniereba _ PIRLS2006 saqarTveloSi, gamocdebis erovnuli centri, Tbilisi, 2008

�. Temple C., Ogle D., Crawford A., Freppon P. All Children Read. Teaching for Literacy in Today`s Diverse Classroms.. Pearson. 2008

7. Reading Rockets. Classroom Strategies. http://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/

8. Graves M. F., Juel C., Graves B. B. Teaching Reading in the 21st Century. Fourth Edition. Pearson. 2007

9. beselia nino, papava paata. wigniereba dawyebiT klasebSi, meToduri saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisaTvis. norvegiis ltolvilTa sabWo. 2011

maTematikuri. . .wigniereba

avtori

ekaterine korZaZe

1. Sesavali ................................................................................ 119

2. standarti .............................................................................. 121

2.1 maTematikuri wignierebis standartis ZiriTadi

struqtura ........................................................................ 121

2.2 kursis dasrulebisas misaRwevi Sedegebi

mimarTulebebis mixedviT ................................................ 122

3. problemaze orientirebuli swavleba .............................. 129

3.1 Sesavali ............................................................................ 129

3.2 ra aris problemuri situacia/amocana ......................... 131

3.3 konkretuli magaliTebi .................................................. 132

4. Sefaseba maTematikur wignierebaSi .................................. 136

5. gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebi ................................................ 139

119


1..Sesavali

Tanamedrove epoqaSi maTematika Cveni cxovrebis ganuyreli nawilia. igi gamoiyeneba adamianis saqmianobis yvela sferoSi: mecnierebasa da teqnologiebSi, medicinaSi, ekonomikaSi, garemos dacvasa da socialur gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi. Znelia moiZebnos adamianis saqmianobis sfero, romelic gajerebuli ar aris `maTematikuri obieqtebiT”. sabazo maTematikuri ganaTlebis gareSe Znelia sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad igrZno Tavi. Sesabamisad, maTematikuri wigniereba SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnas, rogorc sazogadoebis ganviTarebis winapiroba. ganaTlebis sistemis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa moswavleTa aRWurva im codniTa da unarCvevebiT, rac gauadvilebs maT cxovrebiseuli problemebis gadaWras, miexmareba momavlis ukeT dagegmvaSi, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, gaazrebuli cxovrebiseuli arCevanis gakeTebaSi.

mniSvnelovania swori aqcentebis dasma maTematikis farTo gamoyenebaze moswavleTa yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. saswavlo masalis Sinaarsic da swavlebis meTodologiac orientirebuli unda iyos maTematikurad wignieri Taobis aRzrdaze, imis miuxedavad, saqmianobis romel sferos airCeven moswavleebi samomavlod.

maTematikuri wigniereba gulisxmobs elementaruli maTematikuri cnebebisa da procedurebis flobas, maTi gamoyenebis unars realuri, yoveldRiuri problemebis gadaWrisas; komunikaciis im saSualebebis moxmarebis unars, romlebic saWiroa informaciis misaRebad da gadasacemad maTematikuri enis gamoyenebiT; agreTve, maTematikis adgilisa da mniSvnelobis codnas sxva disciplinebSi, biznesSi, xelovnebasa da adamianis moRvaweobis sxvadasxva sferoebSi.

amgvarad, maTematikuri ganaTlebis ZiriTadi miznebi da amocanebia:

moswavleebisaTvis azrovnebis unaris ganviTareba;

msjelobis, SexedulebaTa dasabuTebis, movlenebisa da faqtebis analizis unaris ganviTareba;

120


maTematikis, rogorc samyaros aRwerisa da mecnierebis universaluri enis gacnobiereba;

swavlis Semdgomi etapisaTvis an profesiuli saqmianobisaTvis momzadeba;

cxovrebiseuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad saWiro codnis gadacema da am codnis gamoyenebis unaris ganviTareba.

maTematikuri wignierebis kursi xels uwyobs Semdegi zogadi unarCvevebis Camoyalibebas:

komunikacia

informaciis gadmocemisas sakiTxis arsis warmoCena;

informaciis gadmocemisas maTematikuri terminebsa da aRniSvnebis sworad da efeqtianad gamoyeneba.

msjelobadasabuTeba

varaudis gamoTqma da kerZo SemTxvevebSi misi kvleva;

arsebiTi Tvisebebisa da monacemebis gansazRvra;

gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis aRniSvna da maTi ganzogadebis aramarTebulobis dasabuTeba.

problemebis gadaWra

amocanis Sinaarsis aRqma da problemis formulireba; amocanis monacemebisa da saZiebeli sidideebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna; monacemebis organizeba da warmodgena.

kompleqsuri problemis safexurebad, martiv amocanebad dayofa da etapobrivad gadaWra.

miRebuli Sedegebis ganzogadeba.

121


2...standarti

2.1.maTematikuri.wignierebis.standartis.struqtura:

standarti Sedgeba oTxi mimarTulebisagan. esenia:

1. ricxvebi da moqmedebebi:

ricxvebi, maTi gamoyeneba da ricxvis warmodgenis saSualebebi;

moqmedebebi ricxvebze da ricxviTi Tanafardobebi;

raodenobaTa Sefaseba da miaxloeba;

sidideebi, zomis erTeulebi.

2. kanonzomierebebi da algebra:

simravleebi, asaxvebi, funqciebi da maTi gamoyeneba.

3. geometria da sivrcis aRqma:

geometriuli obieqtebi: maTi Tvisebebi, urTierTmimarTeba da konstruireba;

zoma da gazomvis saSualebebi;

orientireba sivrceSi, koordinatebi da maTi gamoyeneba.

4. monacemTa analizi, albaToba da statistika:

monacemTa wyaroebi da monacemTa mopovebis saSualebebi;

monacemTa mowesrigebis xerxebi da monacemTa warmodgenis saSualebebi;

monacemTa Semajamebeli ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi.

es mimarTulebebi mWidro urTierTkavSirSia da warmoaCens Sesaswavli masalis mTel speqtrs. TiToeuli mimarTulebisaTvis Camoyalibebulia misaRwevi Sedegebi TandarTuli indikatorebiT. indikatorebSi aRwerilia, Tu ra aqtivobebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSia Sedegis miRweva TvalsaCino.

122


2.2...kursis.dasrulebisas.misaRwevi.Sedegebi.mimarTulebebis.

mixedviT:

ricxvebi da moqmedebebi

kanonzomierebebi da algebra

geometria da sivrcis aRqma

monacemTa analizi, albaToba da statistika

1) moswavle flobs da iyenebs ricxvis cnebas da ricxvis warmodgenis saSualebebs.

2) moswavles SeuZlia ricxvebis Sedareba da klasificireba.

3) moswavles SeuZlia ZiriTadi ariTmetikuli operaciebis Sesruleba ricxvebze.

4) moswavles SeuZlia ricxvebis damrgvaleba, moqmedebis Sedegis miaxloebiT Sefaseba.

5) moswavles SeuZlia zomis sxvadasxva erTeulebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba.

1) moswavles SeuZlia yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan an bunebismetyvelebis dargebidan momdinare amocanebis amoxsna.

2) moswavles SeuZlia simravluri cnebebisa da operaciebis gamoyeneba martivi amocanebis amoxsnisas.

1) moswavles SeuZlia figurebis identifikacia, klasificireba, gamosaxva.

2)moswavles SeuZlia saganTa da figuraTa zomebisa da obieqtTa Soris manZilebis povna.

3)moswavles SeuZlia orientireba sibrtyeze

1) moswavles aqvs elementaruli warmodgenebi informaciis mopovebis saSualebebis Sesaxeb.

2)moswavle flobs informaciis mowesrigebisa da warmodgenis xerxebs (saSualebebs)

3)moswavles SeuZlia Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemTa interpretacia da elementaruli analizi.

ricxvebi da moqmedebebi

1. moswavle flobs da iyenebs ricxvis cnebas da ricxvis warmodgenis saSualebebs

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu:

ganasxvavebs ricxvis gamoyenebis sxvadasxva aspeqts (raodenobis aRniSvna, rigiTi nomeri, `Wde”);

kiTxulobs da gamosaxavs ricxvebs (wiladebis SemTxvevaSi, uTiTebs maT CanawerSi wiladis mricxvels da mniSvnels, mTel da wilad nawilebs);

123


axdens aTobiTi poziciuri sistemis demonstrirebas sxvadasxva modelis gamoyenebiT; ganmartavs ricxvebis saxeldebas mSobliur enaze;

asaxelebs ricxvis CanawerSi sxvadasxva Tanrigis cifrebis Sesabamis mniSvnelobebs, warmoadgens ricxvs saTanrigo Sesakrebebis an sxva saxiT;

ekvivalenturi formiT wers Sereul ricxvebs, aTwiladebsa da wiladebs.

2. moswavles SeuZlia ricxvebis Sedareba da klasificireba


iyenebs poziciur sistemas naturaluri ricxvebis Sedarebisas;

zrdiT an klebiT alagebs ricxvebs;

sworad iyenebs terminebs metia, naklebia, ar aRemateba, ... da Sesabamis aRniSvnebs Sedarebis Sedegis gamosaxatavad;

ganasxvavebs naturalur da racionalur ricxvebs (luw da kent ricxvebs da sxva).

3. moswavles SeuZlia ZiriTadi ariTmetikuli operaciebis Sesruleba ricxvebze


flobs zepirad Sekrebisa da gamoklebis strategiebs (Sesabamisi saTanrigo erTeulebis Sekreba/gamokleba, Tanrigamde Sevsebis xerxi, ...);

moqmedebaTa Sesrulebisas iyenebs weriT algoriTms;

angariSisas da martivi ricxviTi gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis povnisas iyenebs moqmedebaTa Tanmimdevrobas da moqmedebaTa Tvisebebs.

4. moswavles SeuZlia ricxvebis damrgvaleba, moqmedebis Sedegis miaxloebiT Sefaseba


asaxelebs mocemuli ricxvis uaxloes aTeuls, aseuls an aTaseuls;

124


mocemuli sizustiT amrgvalebs ricxvebs (maT Soris, wiladebsa da aTwiladebs);

afasebs ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis Sedegs;

amocanis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT irCevs, ra ufro mizanSewonilia _ moqmedebaTa Sedegis Sefaseba, Sedegis miaxloebiTi Tu zusti mniSvnelobis povna.

5. moswavles SeuZlia zomis sxvadasxva erTeulebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba


irCevs da iyenebs Sesaferis erTeulebs sididis cvlilebis, moZraobis siCqaris, masStabisa da rukaze manZilis povnasTan dakavSirebuli amocanebis amoxsnisas (igulisxmeba adekvaturi erTeulis SerCeva);

erTmaneTTan akavSirebs sigrZis, farTobis, moculobis, drois Sesabamis erTeulebs.

kanonzomierebebi da algebra

1. moswavles SeuZlia yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan an bunebismetyvelebis dargebidan momdinare amocanebis amoxsna.


martiv amocanaSi erTmaneTisagan mijnavs monacemebsa da saZiebel sidideebs; msjelobs, sakmarisia Tu ara monacemebi amocanis amosaxsnelad.

amoicnobs da aanalizebs sidideebs Soris pirdapirproporciul damokidebulebas; iyenebs mas yidvagayidvaze, masStabze, xsnarebze, Senadnobebze amocanebis amoxsnisas.

poulobs ricxvis wilad nawils an procents da piriqiT, poulobs ricxvs misi wiladi nawilis (procentis) mixedviT.

adgens da xsnis realuri viTarebis an misi sityvieri aRweris Sesabamis tolobas, utolobas an gantolebas.

125


2. moswavles SeuZlia simravluri cnebebisa da operaciebis gamoyeneba martivi amocanebis amoxsnisas


sworad iynebs terminebs `yvela”, `yoveli”, `TiToeuli”, „zogierTi”, èrTerTi”, àrc erTi”, èrTaderTi”.

iyenebs zogadikerZo tipis mimarTebebebs gamonaTqvamis marTebulobis dasasabuTeblad (argumentirebisas).

SeuZlia marSrutis, gegmis (sqemis) etapebis an obieqtTa Soris mimarTebebis gamomsaxavi martivi diagramebis wakiTxva da ageba.


1. moswavles SeuZlia figurebis identifikacia, klasificireba, gamosaxva.


yofiTi daniSnulebis sagnebSi an maT ilustraciebSi uTiTebs geometriul figurebs.

adarebs da ajgufebs figurebs geometriuli atributebis mixedviT.

garemomcvel obieqtebs Soris moiZiebs simetriul obieqtebs; ganasxvavebs simetriul da asimetriul figurebs. saTanado SemTxvevaSi axdens figuraTa simetriulobis demonstirebas.

qmnis brtyeli da sivrculi figurebis grafikul gamosaxulebebs da modelebs (maT Soris, maTi sityvieri aRwerilobis safuZvelzec).

2. moswavles SeuZlia saganTa da figuraTa zomebisa da obieqtTa Soris manZilebis povna.


axdens or obieqts Soris manZilis Sefasebas Sesabamis standartul erTeulSi, zomavs mas da amowmebs Tavis varauds;

12�


dasmuli amocanis Sesabamisad sworad irCevs figuris zomis saxes (mag., Tu Robis sigrZea gamosaTvleli _ es igive perimetria, Tu iatakia SesaRebi _ maSin farTobis codnaa saWiro).

iyenebs figuraTa Tvisebebs da toli figurebis Sesabamisi elementebis Sedarebis meTods figuris elementis ucnobi zomis mosaZebnad.

(iTvlis mravalkuTxedis perimetrs, marTkuTxovani figuris farTobs, marTkuTxa paralelepipedis moculobas)

3. moswavles SeuZlia orientireba sibrtyeze.


orientirebs garemoSi da aRwers obieqtTa urTierTganlagebas.

aRwers obieqtis mdebareobas meore obieqtis mimarT Sesabamisi terminebis gamoyenebiT (mag. marjvniv, marcxniv, zemoT, qvemoT).

gascems da Tavadac asrulebs moZraobis orientaciis Semcvel miTiTebebs.

aRwers rukaze ori an meti punqtis urTierTmdebareobas oTxi mimarTulebis gamoyenebiT (mag. CrdiloeTiT, dasavleTiT).

koordinatebis (simboloTa wyvilis) gamoyenebiT aRwers mdebareobas da iyenebs am xerxs realur viTarebaSi (mag. kinoTeatri, gemebis CaZirobana, Wadrakis dafa, rukaze obieqtis moZebna).

orientirebs rukaze an sakoordinato sibrtyeze koordinatebis gamoyenebiT (mag. asaxelebs mocemuli wertilis koordinatebis miaxloebiT an zust mniSvnelobas; poulobs wertils mocemuli mTelricxovani koordinatebis mixedviT).


1. moswavles aqvs elementaruli warmodgenebi informaciis mopovebis saSualebebis Sesaxeb.


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ganasxvavebs Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemebs, iyenebs monacemTa Segrovebis Sesaferis saSualebas (gazomva, dakvirveba).

qmnis martiv kiTxvars, gansazRvravs respodentebs, agrovebs monacemebs.

amokrebs saWiro monacemebs mowesrigebuli monacemebis Sesaferisi kategoriebidan (cxrili, monacemebis Semcveli teqsti).

2. moswavle flobs informaciis mowesrigebisa da warmodgenis xerxebs (saSualebebs).


sworad avsebs cxrils, sqemas, kiTxvars/anketas (magaliTad, Seaqvs monacemebi mza cxrilis Sesabamis ujrebSi).

qmnis cxrils monacemis warmosadgenad (gansazRvravs Wdeebs, saTaurs, svetebisa da striqonebis raodenobas).

agebs diagramas (svetovani, xazovani, wriuli. SeuZlia grafikulad warmodgenili informaciis wakiTxva.

ajgufebs monacemebs aranakleb ori niSniT da xsnis dajgufebis wess.

3. moswavles SeuZlia Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemTa interpretacia da elementaruli analizi.


iTvlis Semajamebel ricxviT maxasiaTeblebs (monacemTa saSualo, udidesi da umciresi mniSvnelobebi) diskretuli raodenobrivi monacemebisTvis da iyenebs maT monacemTa erTobliobis dasaxasiaTeblad;

adarebs monacemTa ramdenime erTobliobas maTi winaswar mocemuli statistikuri maxasiaTeblebis saSualebiT;

poulobs monacemTa erTobliobaSi arsebul kanonzomierebebs da msjelobs maTze.

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4. maTematikuri wignierebis kursis Sinaarsi

ricxvebi da moqmedebebi; kanonzomierebebi da algebra

1. ricxvis cneba. istoriuli cnobebi. ricxvebis gamoyeneba (Wde, rigi, ...)

2. naturaluri ricxvebi. aTobiTi poziciuri sistema.

sxva ricxviTi sistemebis gacnoba (mag. anbani da asoebis ricxviTi Sesatyvisebi; egvipturi _ aTis xarisxebis gansxvavebuli aRniSvnebi an romauli sistema).

3. ariTmetikuli moqmedebebi naturalur ricxvebze. ricxvebis Sedareba da ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis Sedegis Sefaseba. ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis Tvisebebi: Sekrebisa da gamravlebis komutaciuroba (gadanacvlebadoba), asociaciuroba (jufTebadoba) da Sekrebis mimarT gamravlebis distribuciuloba (ganrigebadoba).

4. wiladebi, aTwiladebi da zogierTi kavSiri maT Soris. wiladebis, aTwiladebis Sedareba, dalageba da gamosaxva.

5. procentis cneba. kavSirebi erTi da imave mTelis procentsa da nawils Soris.

6. proporcia. proporciis ucnobi elementis moZebna. ricxvis proporciul nawilebad dayofa (mag. 2 : 3 : 5).

7. teqsturi amocanebi, romlebic Sekrebis, gamoklebisa da gamravlebis Semcveli ricxviTi an erTi asoiTi aRniSvnis Semcveli algebruli gamosaxulebiT ixsneba.

8. fasdakleba/fasis gazrda: TanmimdevrobiTi da erTjeradi fasdaklebebis/fasebis zrdis erTmaneTTan Sedareba da martivi xarjTaRricxva.

9. simravleTa Teoriis umartivesi cnebebi da operaciebi.

10. zomis erTeulebi, zomis erTeulebs Soris kavSirebi da zomis erTeulebis gamoyeneba: masStabi; erTi sistemis erTeulis sxva sistemis Sesabamisi erTeuliT gamosaxva.


11. geometriuli figurebi (brtyeli, sivrculi). figuris elementebi da gamosaxva.

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12. figuraTa klasifikacia sxvadasxva niSniT (mag. simetriuli da arasimetriuli, brtyeli da sivrculi).

13. figuris zomebi: sazomi xelsawyoebi da sigrZis sazomi erTeulebi. mravalkuTxedis perimetri. farTobis cneba. marTkuTxa paralelepipedis moculoba.

14. sivrculi figurebis modelebi, Slilebi.

15. koordinatebi (araformalurad, rogorc adgilmdebareobis miTiTeba simboloTa wyviliT). realur viTarebaSi obieqtTa urTierTganlagebis aRmweri sqemebi.


16. zogadi warmodgenebi Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis saWiroebaze (daniSnulebaze) Segrovebis saSualebani: gazomva, dakvirveba, gamokiTxva; monacemTa amokreba monacemTa umartivesi wyaroebidan (mag. cnobaridan).

17. Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis organizacia: monacemTa dajgufeba; raodenobriv monacemTa dalageba zrdadobaklebadobiT; Tvisebriv monacemTa dalageba (mag., leqsikografiuli meTodiT).

18. monacemTa warmodgenis saSualebani: cxrili, piqtograma; diagrama.

19. monacemTa Semajamebeli ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebisTvis: centraluri tendenciis sazomi – monacemTa saSualo; udidesi da umciresi mniSvnelobebi.

3..problemaze.orientirebuli.swavleba

3.1.Sesavali

ganaTlebis specialistebis mTavari sazrunavia, rom moswavleebma SeZlon skolaSi SeZenili codnisa da unarCvevebis cxovrebiseuli problemebis gadasaWrelad gamoyeneba. swored amitomaa metad mniSvnelovani, rom skolam, sagnobriv codnasTan da unarCvevebTan erTad, moswavleebs ganuviTaros problemebis gadaWris unari. es unari

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moswavles ara mxolod yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli sirTuleebis mogvarebaSi gamoadgeba, aramed swavlis gasagrZeleblad da momaval profesiul karieraSi warmatebis misaRwevadac.

problemis gadaWris unari arsebiTia mzrunvelobas moklebuli bavSvebisaTvis. im mwiri faqtobrivi masalis (romelic SesaZloa maT swavlis raRac etapze aiTvises) gamoyenebis unari sasicocxlo mniSvnelobas iZens im xSiri SemTxvevebis dros, roca maT damoukideblad uwevT yofiT siZneleebTan gamklaveba, saarsebo pirobebis mopoveba.

problemaze orientirebuli swavleba aris maTematikisa da sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli modeli. igi moswavleze orientirebuli swavlebis strategiaa. aseTi tipis swavlebis dros moswavleebi realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis kvlevis gziT iZenen mniSvnelovan gamocdilebas, romelic maT mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gamoadgebaT.

problemaze orientirebuli swavlis dros axali codnis SeZena mimdinareobs problemebis ganxilvis konteqstSi. swavlis amgvari forma gansxvavdeba amocanebis amoxsnis ubralo procesisagan. kerZod, problemaze orientirebuli swavlis dros axali codnis SeZena aqtualuri xdeba saWiroebis safuZvelze, ukve dasmuli problemis mogvarebis procesSi. am procesis paralelurad ki viTardeba problemebis gadaWris unaric. marTlac, dasmuli problema ubiZgebs moswavleebs, moiZion da SeiZinon axali codna, romelic saWiroa problemis gadasaWrelad. erTaderTi swori pasuxis moZebnis sanacvlod, moswavle axdens dasmuli problemis interpretirebas, agrovebs saWiro informacias, agebs models, gamoTqvams varauds, afasebs da adarebs SesaZlo Sedegebs da akeTebs daskvnas.

problemaze orientirebuli swavla gansakuTrebiT zrdis moswavlis motivacias. moswavle aqtiur swavlaSia CarTuli, realuri problemebis gadaWraze muSaobs, ris Sedegadac swavla misTvis ufro saintereso da saxaliso xdeba. amgvari swavleba aviTarebs jgufuri muSaobis, TanamSromlobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da komunikaciis unarCvevebs.

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amgvarad, problemaze orientirebuli swavlis midgomas ori ZiriTadi niSani aqvs:

swavla eyrdnoba Riad dasmul problemur SekiTxvebs;

maswavlebeli erTgvarad `fasilitatoris” rolSia, ris Sedegadac moswavle iRebs met pirovnul pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar swavlaze da aqtiuri Semmecnebeli xdeba.

3.2.ra.aris.problemuri.situacia/amocana?

gamoiyofa problemuri amocanebis ori ZiriTadi tipi:

1. amocanebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan. aseTi tipis davalebis nimuSia:

moswavles surs biblioTekidan gamotanili wignebis aslebis damzadeba. A punqtSi 1 gverdis aslis gadaReba 3 TeTri Rirs, xolo wignis ydis gakeTeba – 70 TeTri. B punqtSi 1 gverdis aslis gadaReba 5 TeTri Rirs, xolo wignis ydis gakeTeba – 40 TeTri. moswavlem unda gansazRvros, Tu romel punqtSia umjobesi wignebis aslis gakeTeba. ra rCevas miscemdiT moswavles?

2. amocanebi, romlebic moiTxovs sistemis analizs da modelirebas. aseTi tipis davalebis nimuSia:

gadawyda, rom unda aSendes saavadmyofo, romelic sam sofels moemsaxureba. Tqveni azriT, sad unda aSendes saavadmyofo? (ra rCevas miscemT mSeneblebs saavadmyofos mdebareobis Taobaze?)

gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan dakavSirebul amocanebSi mocemulia

ramdenime alternativa da SezRudva. moswavles moeTxoveba iseTi gadawyvetilebis miReba, romelic am SezRudvebs daakmayofilebs.

sistemis analizsa da modelirebasTan dakavSirebuli amocanebi moswavlisagan moiTxovs kompleqsuri viTarebis analizs – am viTarebis logikis gasaazreblad. am tipis amocanebSi aRwerilia kompleqsuri sistemebi, romlebSic mravali urTierTdakavSirebuli faqtori monawileobs (parametri, Tviseba, maxasiaTebeli). am kavSirebis dinamikurobis gamo, pasuxi (amonaxsni), SesaZloa, ar iyos erTaderTi.

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problemis gadaWris cikli

problemis gadaWris procesebs aRweren ciklis saSualebiT, romlis erTerT farTod gavrcelebul variants qvemoT moviyvanT. cikli aRwers TiToeul safexurs da gulisxmobs, rom Sedegis misaRwevad SesaZlebelia yovel etapze ramdenjerme dabruneba. amasTan, rogorc wesi, etapebis Tanmimdevrobas Tavad problemis tipi da problemis gadamWrelis pirovnuli Taviseburebebi ganapirobebs.

problemis gadaWris cikli Semdegi etapebisgan Sedgeba:

problemis moZebna da gansazRvra;

problemis maTemartikur enaze Camoyalibeba da warmodgena;

problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resuresebis organizeba da codnis mobilizeba;

problemis gadaWris SesaZlo gzebis moZieba;

problemis gadaWris SesaZlo gzebis Sefaseba da maTgan romelimes SerCeva;

SerCeuli gzis ganxorcieleba da progresze dakvirveba;

Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba realuri viTarebis konteqstSi.

problemis gadaWris meTodologia aris logika.

induqciuri msjeloba/argumentireba – kerZo msjelobidan zogadis gamoyvana;

deduqciuri msjeloba/argumentireba – zogadi msjelobidan kerZo msjelobis gamoyvana;

analogiiT msjeloba/argumentireba – erTi kerZo movlenidan analogiuri kerZo movlenis Sesaxeb daskvna.

3.3.konkretuli.davalebebi.

magaliTi 1.

rogori dizainis yuTia ufro mosaxerxebeli limonaTis Tunuqis qilebis gadasatanad?

problemis gadaWris etapebi:

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1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra: am etapze dadgindeba, Tu ra niSniT ganisazRvreba `xelsayreli” yuTi (anu, ra igulisxmeba `xelsayrelSi”): mis gasakeTeblad daxarjuli qaRaldis raodenobiT, misi transportirebisaTvis moxerxebuli formiT da a.S.

2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena: vTqvaT, ZiriTad parametrad avirCieT daxarjuli qaRaldis raodenoba. maSin amocana, maTematikuri TvalsazrisiT, ase Camoyalibdeba: ra zomebi unda hqondes yuTs (marTkuTxa paralelepipeds), rom misi zedapiris farTobi (rac mis dasamzadeblad daxarjuli qaRaldis raodenobas ukavSirdeba) iyos umciresi (minimaluri). amocanaSi aRwerili situaciis warmosadgenad, efeqturi iqneba magnituri dafis da Tanabari zomis monetebis (an magnitebis) gamoyeneba.

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3. problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resursebis moZieba–organizeba, codnis mobilizeba: romeli ukve naswavli formula an debuleba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT problemis gadasaWrelad (magaliTad, marTkuTxa paralelepipedis zedapiris farTobis formula).

4. problemis gadaWris SesaZlo xerxebi: marTkuTxa paralelepipedis formis yuTis garda, SesaZlebelia samkuTxa prizmis formis yuTis gamoyenebac (unda ganisazRvros, qilebis ra raodenobisTvis aris SesaZlebeli am formis yuTis gamoyeneba).

5. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva da ganxorcieleba:

magaliTad, rogor SeiZleba daaxloebiT gamovTvaloT im samkuTxa prizmis fuZis farTobi, romelSic zustad 6 qila eteva.

6. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba: problemisa da miRebuli amonaxsnis kvleva realuri viTarebis konteqstSi – dadgena, Tu saSualod ra raodenobis qilas yidulobs myidveli erT jerze da am informaciaze dayrdnobiT yuTis formis SerCeva.

magaliTi 2.

SearCieT moZraobis optimaluri marSruti skolis avtobusisaTvis, romelsac qalaqis sxvadasxva ubnidan skolaSi moswavleebi da maswavleblebi mihyavs,

problemis gadaWris etapebi:

1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra: am etapze dadgindeba, Tu ra niSniT ganisazRvreba `optimaluri” marSruti (anu,

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ra igulisxmeba `optimalurSi”): umoklesi manZili, nakleb datvirTuli da usafrTxo gza, umciresi dro am marSrutis dasafarad da a.S.

2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena: vTqvaT, ZiriTad parametrad am marSrutis dasafarad saWiro minimaluri dro avirCieT. maSin amocana, maTematikuri TvalsazrisiT, amgvarad Camoyalibdeba: SeirCes iseTi marSruti, rom misi sigrZisa da mgzavrobis saSualo siCqaris Sefardeba iyos umciresi.

3. problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resursebis moZieba–organizeba, codnis mobilizeba: moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa gamokiTxvis saSualebiT unda dadgindes, vin ra transportiT sargeblobs skolaSi mosvlisas. unda Seiqmnas martivi kiTxvari, SeirCnen respodentebi, Catardes gamokiTxva da monacemebi warmodgenili unda iqnas cxrilis an grafikuli saxiT.

4. problemis gadaWris SesaZlo xerxebi: am monacemebis safuZvelze moswavleebma unda daadginon is ubnebi, sadac moswavleebisa da maswavleblebis mniSvnelovani raodenoba cxovrobs. uTuod SeamCnevT, rom xelaxla dgeba sakiTxi, ras ewodeba ̀ mniSvnelovani raodenoba”. anu, problema Txoulobs ciklis pirveli etapisken mibrunebas da cnebebis xelaxla dazustebas.

5. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva da ganxorcieleba: unda moxdes problemis vizualizacia – amocanis sqematurad gamosaxva.

AE

BD

C

skola O

13�


rukaze unda aRiniSnos skolis avtobusis gaCerebis savaraudo punqtebi, am punqtebis erTmaneTTan damakavSirebeli gzebi.

rukaze miTiTebuli masStabis gamoyenebiT unda dadgindes punqtebs Soris manZilebi (daaxloebiT) da am manZilebis dasafarad saWiro dro. moswavleebma yvela marSrutis savaraudo sigZe unda daTvalon da es monacemebi cxrilis saxiT warmoadginon.

marSruti1 OA AB BC CD DE EOmarSruti2 OA CO OD DE EOmarSruti3

Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba: problemisa da miRebuli amonaxsnis kvleva realuri viTarebis konteqstSi – moswavleebma unda Seajeron moZiebuli informacia da saukeTeso marSruti airCion. Semdeg unda imsjelon arCeuli gzis optimalurobis Sesaxeb – maTematikuri da eTikuri TvalsazrisiT (mizanSewonlia Tu ara im punqtis gavliT mgzavroba, sadac erTi maswavlebeli, an moswavleTa/maswavlebleTa mcirericxovani jgufi cxovrobs?). SeiZleba, SeTavazebul iqnas aseTi tipis balansis dacvis gzebi (mag. maswavleblis xelfasSi mgzavrobis xarjebis gaTvaliswineba ).

4..Sefaseba.maTematikur.wignierebaSi

Sefaseba swavlebis procesis ganuyofeli nawilia. is Tanabrad mniSvnelovania swavlebis procesSi monawile yvela mxarisaTvis. moswavle yovelTvis unda flobdes informacias, ramdenad warmatebulia saganSi; ra unda Secvalos, rom ukeTesi Sedegi miiRos. maswavlebeli Sefasebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gegmavdes yovel Semdeg nabijs.

maTematikaSi Sefasebis komponentebi (anu, dakvirvebis obieqti) aris:

1. maTematikuri cnebebisa da debulebebis codna da gamoyeneba;

2. maTematikuri obieqtebis warmodgena (mag., daxazva, konstruireba);

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3. maTematikuri enis floba (mag., terminologiis da aRniSvnebis koreqtulad gamoyeneba, maTematikuri Sinaarsis winadadebebis gageba da Camoyalibeba);

4. msjeloba _ dasabuTeba;

5. gamoTvla, gazomva da sxva standartuli procedurebi;

6. damxmare teqnikuri saSualebebisa da sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyeneba.

socialuri unarCvevebidan yuradReba unda gamaxvildes SemoqmedebiTobaze da TanamSromlobaze (mewyvilesTan, jgufis wevrebTan).

Sefasebis komponentebis, rogorc unar–Cvevebisa da codnis flobis, xarisxis dadgena SeiZleba Semdegi saxis aqtivobebiT:

moswavleze yoveldRiuri dakvirvebis Sedegad unda dadgindes:

aRiqvams Tu ara moswavle amocanis Sinaarss, SeuZlia Tu ara amocanis monacemebisa da saZiebeli sidideebis gamijvna, axerxebs Tu ara monacemebis organizebas da warmodgenas.

sworad iyenebs Tu ara maTematikur terminebsa da aRniSvnebs.

SeuZlia Tu ara kompleqsuri davalebis dayofa safexurebad – martiv amocanebad.

SeuZlia Tu ara ZiriTadi maTematikuri procedurebis gamoyeneba (mag., ariTmetikuli operaciebis Sesruleba).

Sefasebisas SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas sxvadasxva saxis davalebebi, magaliTad:

amocanebi, sadac moswavles evaleba ramdenime SesaZlo pasuxs Soris swori pasuxis SerCeva, Sesabamisobis damyareba, swori TanmimdevrobiT dalageba.

teqstis wakiTxva da monacemTa analiziT (gamoTvlebis an logikuri msjelobis safuZvelze) miRebuli daskvnis gadmocema da dasabuTeba (maT Soris, iseTi teqstis, romelic diagramebs da cxrilebs Seicavs).

geometriuli amocana, romelSic moswavles moeTxoveba figuris Tvisebebis dadgena, zomebis gansazRvra, figuris ageba.

mniSvnelovan sirTules qmnis is faqti, rom moswavleTa did nawils uWirs wakiTxuli masalis – teqstis Sinaarsis gageba–gaazreba,

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miT ufro, Tu teqsti aramxatvrulia. araerTi kvleva adasturebs, rom maTematikaSi moswavleTa warumeteblobas mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs ara imdenad amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiro procedurebis arcodna, aramed is, rom moswavle ver igebs davalebis Sinaarss, ver xvdeba – ras ekiTxebian. maswavleblis funqciaa, sworad dasmuli SekiTxvebis an damxmare sqemebis meSveobiT miexmaros moswavles teqstis gaazrebaSi. amasTan, es ar unda iyos `erTjeradi” daxmareba. moswavles teqstis damuSavebis xerxebi unda vaswavloT.

ganvixiloT aseTi davaleba:

mobiluri telefoniT sargeblobis pirveli 200 wuTi ninos yovelTviurad eZleva ufasod. yoveli momdevno wuTisTvis igi 5 TeTrs ixdis. ianvarSi ninos satelefono saubrebis xangrZlivoba iyo 230 wuTi, TebervalSi ki – 300 wuTi. sul ra Tanxis gadaxda mouwevs ninos satelefono kompaniisaTvis?

davalebis teqsti informaciulia da SesaZloa moswavleTa nawils gauWirdes davalebaSi aRweril viTarebaSi bolomde garkveva. aseT dros SesaZloa dagvexmaros maorientirebeli (gezis mimcemi) SekiTxvebi:

1. razea amocana?

2. ra pirobebi aqvs satelefono kompanias?

3. saubari ramdeni wuTis ganmavlobaSia ufaso?

4. rogor gesmiT `yoveli momdevno wuTi”?

5. 230 wuTidan ramdeni iyo ufaso da ramdeni wuTisaTvis mouwevda ninos safasuris gadaxda?

6. raze migvaniSnebs sityva `sul”?

Zalian mniSvnelovania im cxrilebisa da sqemebis gamoyeneba, romlebic monacemebis struqturirebisa da TvalsaCinod warmodgenis saSualebas iZleva. mag., gansaxilveli amocanisaTvis cxrils SeiZleba aseTi saxe hqondes:

Tve wuTebis raodenoba ufaso fasiani

ianvari 230 wuTi 200 wuTi 30 wuTi

Tebervali 300 wuTi 200 wuTi 100 wuTi

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Sefasebis rubrikis nimuSi:

flobis saSualoze dabali done

flobis saSualo done flobis maRali done

xSirad araadekvaturad iyenebs cnebebs, terminebs, aRniSvnebs / arasrulyofilad, araorganizebulad warmoadgens monacemebs.

iyenebs amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiro cnebebis, debulebebisa da aRniSvnebis umetesobas / axdens monacemTa organizebas da warmoadgens maT.

iyenebs amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiro yvela cnebas, debulebas da aRniSvnas / irCevs monacemTa organizebisa da warmodgenis optimalur formas.

ver poulobs amosxnis romelime gzas. poulobs amoxsnis romelime gzas, iwyebs, magram ver asrulebs amoxsnas; ver poulobs logikur kavSirebs, uWirs zogadidan kerZos gamoyofa.

poulobs amocanis amoxsnis gzas, mihyveba mas, Tumca, xarvezebiT.

poulobs amocanis amoxsnis (optimalur) gzas, bolomde axdens mis realizebas.

gamoTvlebi ar adasturebs amocanis gagebas, Sedegi araadekvaturia; an umetesi nawili xarvezebiTaa Sesrulebuli.

gamoTvlebi ZiriTadad sworia, Tumca, teqnikuri xasiaTis xarvezebs Seicavs.

gamoTvlebi sworia, arCeuli da gamoyenebuli aqvs gamoTvlebis optimaluri xerxi.

5..gakveTilis.gegmis.nimuSebi

1) gakveTilis gegma – procenti

gakveTilis mTavari Tema procenti

gakveTilis mniSvneloba, aqtualuroba

yoveldRiur realobaSi farTod gamoiyeneba procentis cneba: sakvebisa Tu wamlis yuTebze, maRaziebis vitrinebze yoveli Cvengani xvdeba procentis aRniSvnas. sazogadoebaSi srulfasovnad funqcionireba SeuZlebelia procentTan dakavSirebuli umartivesi procedurebis flobis gareSe.

gakveTilis miznebi da Sedegebi

Sedegi: moswavles SeuZlia yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan momdinare amocanebis amoxsna

mizani: moswavle gaerkves procentis cnebaSi, gaigos misi saWiroeba, ricxvis gamosaxvis sxvadasxva formas Soris mocemuli viTarebisaTvis adekvaturis SerCeva, sxvadasxva formiT gamosaxuli ricxvebis Sedareba da Sefaseba.

winaswari codna ricxvis wiladi nawilis povna, wiladis cnebis codna, sidideebs Soris pirdapirproporciuli damokidebulebis amocnoba.

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gakveTilis msvleloba 1. moTelva, klasis mobilizeba:

moswavleebs magaliTebis saSualebiT gavaxsenoT ricxvis nawilis arsi da misi povnis xerxi (mag. risi tolia 25is 3/5 nawili, 120is 7/10 da a.S). SesaZlebelia gakeTdes erTiori umartivesi amocana Temaze: Rirda m lari, gaZvirda Rirebulebis p/q nawiliT, ra Rirs axla? iwonida m kilograms, moaklda wonis p/q nawili, ras iwonis axla? igulisxmeba ara amgvari zogadi saxiT miwodebuli amocana, aramed amocana p, q da mis konkretuli ricxviTi mniSvnelobebisaTvis (5 wuTi).

2. samotivacio amocana, problemis formulireba:

ganvixiloT amocana: supermarket `megalainis” (an, `pasaJis”) samma maRaziam saSobaod saqonlis gaiafeba gadawyvita. warmovidginoT, rom vitrinebze gamotanili informacia gaiafebis Sesaxeb am saxisaa: `saqoneli iafdeba Rirebulebis 1/9 nawiliT” (I maRazia), `saqoneli iafdeba Rirebulebis 2/17 nawiliT” (II maRazia), `saqoneli iafdeba Rirebulebis 9/100 nawiliT” (III maRazia). romel maRaziaSi ufro momgebiania saqonlis SeZena?

3. codnis konstruireba:

savaraudod, moswavleebi daiwyeben msjelobas imis Sesaxeb, rom am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa ama Tu im saqonlis sawyisi fasis codna. Tumca, sabolood SeTanxmdebian, rom saWiroa wiladebis Sedareba (10 wuTi).

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amocanis amoxsnis Semdeg davsvaT SekiTxva: ra sirTuleebs waawydeba myidveli, Tu aseTi formiT gamoaqveynebs gaiafebis pirobebs supermarketis yvela maRazia? vTxovoT moswavleebs, moifiqron raime xerxi, rac myidvels msgavs situaciebSi gadawyvetilebis miRebas Seumsubuqebs.

wiladebis Sedarebis dros garkveuli sirTuleebi warmoiqmneba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom es wiladebi sxvadasxvamniSvneliania. amitom, myidvels rom saqme gavuadviloT, sasurvelia gaiafebis maCvenebeli wiladebi erTnairmniSvneliani iyos. msjeloba SeiZleba gagrZeldes manam, vidre moswavleebi ar mivlen erT daskvnamde: sasurvelia, arCeul iqnas iseTi ricxvi, romelic sayovelTao standarti iqneba amgvari saxis raodenobrivi informaciis gamoqveynebisas. amis Semdeg, bunebrivad SeiZleba procentis cnebis Semotana.

mokled gavacnoT moswavleebs procentis da misi gamomsaxveli simbolos warmoSobis istoria, ganvumartoT sityva `procentis” etimologia.

vTxovoT moswavleebs, gaixsenon, sad SexvedriaT es simbolo. vaCvenoT raime, razec Semadgenel nawilebs Soris Tanafardoba procentuli saxiT aris aRniSnuli (mag. wamlis yuTi an Sokoladis fila) da procentTan dakavSirebuli warwerebis ganmarteba vTxovoT (20 wuTi).

4 gamTlianeba, refleqsia:

vavarjiSoT moswavleebi amgvari davalebebis SesrulebaSi: wiladebisa da aTwiladebis gamosaxva procentis saxiT (martivi magaliTebi), procentis gamosaxva wiladis saxiT, kvadratis gaferadeba miTiTebuli procentiT (mag., gaaferadeT kvadratis 75%), miTiTebuli procentiT gaferadebuli figurebis amocnoba (mag., romeli figuraa gaferadebuli 20%–iT?) (10 wuTi).

Sefasebis sagani da procedurebi

yuradReba unda mieqces, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem procentis cneba, esmis Tu ara procentis daniSnuleba, SeuZlia Tu ara erTmaneTs daukavSiros wiladi, aTwiladi da procenti.

Sefasebis forma – ganmaviTarebeli.

saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, wamlis an raime sakvebis yuTi (romelzedac procentuladaa gamosaxuli ingredientebis xvedriTi wili).

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2) gakveTilis gegma – koordinatebi

gakveTilis mTavari Tema koordinatebi


sivrceSi da sibrtyeze orientireba adamianisaTvis mniSvnelovani unaria. metros sadgurebSi, qalaqis quCebSi Tavisuflad samoZraod saWiroa martivi sqemebis gaSifvra, rac gulisxmobs obieqtis mdebareobis povnas koordinatebis mixedviT, an obieqtis mdebareobis aRweras koordinatebis meSveobiT.


Sedegi: moswavles SeuZlia orientireba sibrtyeze.

mizani: moswavlem unda SeZlos garemoSi orientireba da obieqtTa urTierTganlagebis aRwera, orientireba ruqaze an sakoordinato sibrtyeze koordinatebis gamoyenebiT.

winaswari codna moswavlem unda icodes mimarTulebis gamomxatveli sityvebi: marjvniv, marcxniv, zemoT, qvemoT, ....


maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda sTxovos, aRweron saklaso oTaxi mimarTulebis gamomxatveli sityvebis gamoyenebiT: mag., karebidan marjvniv kedelze dafaa, dafidan yvelaze daSorebuli fanjris rafaze qoTniT dgas yvavili da a.S. SeiZleba aRweron skolis ezo da Semogareni (5 wuTi).

2. samotivacio amocana, problemis formulireba:

maswavlebelma unda warmarTos amgvari Sinaarsis diskusia: sakmarisi iqneboda Tu ara TiToeuli Cvenganis identifikaciisaTvis mxolod saxeli (anu, ra moxdeboda, gvari rom ar gvqonoda)? yovelTvis erT adamians Seesabameba Tu ara saxelisa da gvaris konkretuli kombinacia? kidev riTi mianiSneben xolme romelime konkretul adamianze? (mag. dabadebis adgilis miTiTebiT – Tales mileTeli, maia wyneTeli ).

Semdeg maswavlebelma unda sTxovos moswavleebs, obieqtebis mdebareobis aRweris Sesaxeb gamoTqvan mosazreba: ramdenad xSirad aris amis saWiroeba? TviTon Tu dasWirvebiaT raime adgilis migneba, an Tavad Tu miuswavlebiaT vinmesTvis raime adgili?

diskusia imgvarad unda warimarTos, rom aSkarad gamoikveTos koordinatebis aucilebloba (10 wuTi).

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3 codnis konstruireba:

maswavlebeli auxsnis moswavleebs, rom, rogorc wesi, sibrtyeze wertilis mdebareobis gansasazRvrad ori ricxvia sakmarisi (cxadia, igulisxmeba, rom sibrtye badiTaa dafaruli). is eubneba, rom, zogjer, ricxvebis nacvlad laTinur asoebsac iyeneben. moswavleebma unda daasaxelon koordinatebis gamoyenebis nimuSebi: adgili kinoTeatrSi, Wadraki. maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda aCvenos ruqa romelime atlasidan da moaxdinos imis demonstrireba, rom cnobili koordinatebis pirobebSi nebismieri, Tundac, Zalian patara dasaxlebuli punqtis zusti mdebareobis gansazRvraa SesaZlebeli (15 wuTi).

4. gamTlianeba, refleqsia:

unda Sesruldes saxelmZRvanelos Sesabamis paragrafSi mocemuli amgvari davalebebi: moswavlem unda daasaxelos, romeli obieti mdebareobs koordinatebiT miTiTebul wertilSi, aRniSnos badeze miTiTebuli koordinatebis mqone wertili, SesaZlebelia, rom koordinatebis mixedviT badeze gamosaxon cxovelebi – spilo, kurdReli (15 wuTi).

klasgareSe aqtivobisaTvis SesaZlebelia “gemebis CaZirobanas” TamaSis swavlebac (am TamaSis eleqtronuli versiebi internetSia ganTavsebuli).


yuradReba unda mieqces, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem koordinatis cneba, esmis Tu ara koordinatebis daniSnuleba, SeuZlia Tu ara megobars aswavlos obieqtis moZebna koordinatebis mixedviT, SeuZlia Tu ara vinmes mianiSnos obieqtis mdebareobaze koordinatebis meSveobiT.


saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, kinoTeatris bileTi, Wadrakis dafa, geografiuli atlasi, ruka, ujrebiani furclebi.

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3) gakveTilis gegma – simetria

gakveTilis mTavari Tema simetria


Cvens garemomcvel samyaroSi simetriuloba uamravi obieqtis Tvisebaa. obieqtis Tvisebebis Seswavla SeuZlebelia simetriaze garkveuli warmodgenebis gareSe.


Sedegi: moswavle garemomcvel obieqtebs Soris simetriul obieqtebs moiZiebs; ganasxvavebs simetriul da arasimetriul figurebs; saTanado SemTxvevaSi axdens figuraTa simetriulobis demonstirebas.

mizani: moswavlem SeZlos figuraTa simetriulobis gamoyeneba realur viTarebaSi (mag., parketis dizainis Seqmna).

winaswari codna elementaruli brtyeli figurebis saxeldeba da umartivesi Tvisebebis codna.


maswavlebelma unda sTxovos moswavleebs, brtyeli geometriuli figurebi daasaxelon. dafaze unda daiweros dasaxelebuli figurebi da gakeTdes TiToeuli figuris eskizi. maswavlebeli unda Seecados, rom dasaxelebuli figurebis nusxa, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, mravalferovani iyos (mag., mravalkuTxedebi, wrewiri, Ria da gaxsnili texilebi, mrudebi, amozneqili da araamozneqili figurebi). Semdeg moswavleebi unda Seecadon, rom es figurebi raime niSniT daaxarisxon – mravalwaxnagebi da texilebi erTad, wrewiri da mrudi wirebi calke da a.S. (5 wuTi).

2 samotivacio amocana, problemis formulireba:

maswavlebelma unda Seajamos wina aqtivoba da xazi gausvas, rom figurebi dajgufda ZiriTadad erTi niSniT – mravalkuTxedebi da “aramravalkuTxedebi”. Semdeg unda daisvas SekiTxva, kidev rame niSani xom ar ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan sxvadasxva figuras? maswavlebelma SeiZleba moswavleebs iatakis dafarvis ori nimuSi aCvenos (kafeli, metlaxi, xaliCa):

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maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda sTxovos, es nimuSebi erTmaneTs Seadaron ara feriT, aramed geometriuli atributebiT (ar aris aucilebeli dakonkretdes, Tu ra igulisxmeba geometriul atributebSi). maswavlebelma gezis mimcemi SekiTxvebis meSveobiT unda miiyvanos moswavleebi simetriulobis cnebamde (10 wuTi).

3 codnis konstruireba:

saintereso iqneba moswavleTaTvis slaidSous meSveobiT simetriulobis nimuSebis Cveneba yoveldRiuri realobidan: peplebi, foTlebi, arqiteqturuli nagebobebi, parketis mozaika da sxva. Semdeg yuradReba unda gamaxvildes simetriis yvelaze gavrcelebul formaze – RerZul simetriaze. unda moxdes figuris simetriulobis demonstrireba – figuris nawilebi rom erTmaneTs SeuTavsdeba, Tuki mas RerZis gaswvriv gadavkecavT. metad efeqturi iqneba kompiuteruli TamaSebis Cveneba. saintereso TamaSia ganTavsebuli saitze http://buki.ge/ (TamaSis saxelwodebaa “xelovneba”). moswavlem unda aagos RerZulad simetriuli konstruqcia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, konstruqciis mdgradoba irRveva. es TamaSi moswavleebs RerZuli simetriis arsis ukeT garkvevaSi miexmareba.

14�


arsebobs sxva kompiuteruli programac, romelic moswavles gardaqmnebis gamoyenebiT sibrtyis dasafari ornamentebis (e.w. parketis dizainis) SeqmnaSi daexmareba. es programa ganTavsebulia eleqtronul misamarTze:

http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetail.aspx?ID=205

programiT sargebloba martivia: moswavlem unda airCios mravalkuTxedis saxe, romliTac surs parketis dizainis Seqmna. saintereso iqneba Seqmnili dafarvebis jgufurad ganxilva. kargia msjeloba, Tu simetriis ramdeni RerZi aqvs wresa da sferos, kvadratsa da kubs, farniT gaSuqebul konuss, egviptur oTxkuTxa piramidas, futkris fiWas, krazanis budes, abreSumis parks, frinvelis kvercxs, pepelas da sxvas mravals. simetriulia Tu ara adamianis saxe da sxeuli, mcenaris foToli, skolis Senoba. da, saerTod, arsebobs Tu ara bunebaSi xelTuqmneli idealuri simetria. imazec kargia saubari, Tu ratom „uyvars“ bunebas simetria, ratom aSenebs futkari fiWas eqvskuTxa da ara samkuTxa prizmebiT an wesieri marTkuTxa paralelepipedebiT (25 wuTi).

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4. gamTlianeba, refleqsia:

moswavleebi unda vavarjiSoT simetriuli da arasimetriuli figurebis Tu konstruqciebis amocnobaSi. aseve sainteresoa da ganmaviTarebeli funqciis matarebeli aseTi davalebebi: maswavlebeli warmoadgens (aCvenebs)arasimetriuli figuris, ujredebian furcelze Sesrulebul naxazs da moswavleebs sTxovs, Seavson is simetriulamde umciresi raodenobis ujrebis gaferadebiT. maswavlebelma Tavidan unda miuTiTos simetriis RerZi, Semdeg ki moswavleebs arCevanis gakeTebis Tavisufleba misces (5 wuTi).


yuradRebis centrSi unda iyos, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem simetriis cneba, SeuZlia Tu ara mas ganasxvavos simetriuli da arasimetriuli obieqtebi, SeuZlia Tu ara simetriuli konstruqciis ageba.


saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, internetSi CarTuli kompiuteri, proeqtori.

4) gakveTilis gegmacxrili

gakveTilis mTavari Tema cxrili


cxrili informaciis struqturirebis saukeTeso saSualebaa. informaciis didi nawili matareblebis moZraobis ganrigi, romelime eqimis samuSao grafiki Tu sxva swored cxrilis saxiT mogvewodeba. Sesabamisad, cxrilidan saWiro informaciis amokreba mniSvnelovani kompetenciaa, romelsac TiToeuli moswavle unda flobdes.


Sedegi: moswavle flobs informaciis mowesrigebisa da warmodgenis xerxebs (saSualebebs).

mizani: moswavlem SeZlos cxrilidan saWiro monacemebis amokreba.

sworad Seavsos cxrili (sworad Seitanos monacemebi mza cxrilis Sesabamis ujrebSi).

SeZlos cxrilis Seqmna monacemis warmosadgenad Wdeebis, saTauris, svetebisa da striqonebis raodenobis gansazRvra.

moswavles hqondes elementaruli warmodgenebi eleqtronul cxrilebze da SeeZlos umartivesi operaciebis Sesruleba maTi meSveobiT.

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winaswari codna moswavlem unda icodes mimarTulebis gamomxatveli sityvebi: marjvniv, marcxniv, zemoT, qvemoT... unda SeeZlos Sesabamisi striqonisa da svetis TanakveTaze mdebare ujris miTiTeba.


maswavlebelma moswavleebi or jgufad unda dayos. orive jgufs erTi da igive davaleba eqneba maT xelT arsebuli teqstidan matareblebis moZraobis ganrigis Sesaxeb amoikiTxon da daadginon, romel saaTze gadis Tbilisidan matarebeli, magaliTad, ozurgeTis mimarTulebiT. erT jgufs masala unda miewodos cxrilis saxiT, meores ki teqstis saxiT (narativis saxiT). savaraudod, meore jgufi ufro swrafad gaarTmevs Tavs davalebas (10 wuTi).

2. codnis konstruireba:

maswavlebelma amgvari Sinaarsis diskusia unda warmarTos: ram ganapiroba meore jgufis warmateba? aqvs Tu ara raime saxis upiratesoba informaciis cxrilis saxiT warmodgenas? Tu unaxavT sadme cxrilebi da ra saxis informacia iyo maTi meSveobiT gadmocemuli? diskusiis mizania, rom moswavleebi mixvdnen informaciis struqturirebis aucileblobas. Semdeg maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda aCvenos Tbilisis rkinigzis sadguris ganrigi (realuri, internetSi ganTavsebuli), romelime wamlis instruqcia (sadac cxrilis saxiTaa xSirad warmodgenili, ra asakis adamianma ra doziT unda miiRos aRniSnuli wamali), cxrilebis gamoyenebis sxva realuri nimuSebi. pirvel etapze moswavleebma cxrilidan saWiro informaciis amokrebaze unda ivarjiSon. yuradReba unda gamaxvildes imaze, rom moswavlem zustad miuTiTos saWiro striqoni, sveti, ujra (15 wuTi).

eleqtronuli cxrilebis gamoyeneba:

maswavlebeli gauSvebs programas Microsoft Office Excel. aCvenebs, ra martivad SeiZleba cxrilisaTvis sasurveli formis micema, magaliTad, svetis siganis daregulireba. Semdeg yuradReba unda gamaxvildes imaze, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania svetis da striqonis saxeldeba. moswavleebma unda Seadginon sakuTari monacemebis cxrili gvari, sqesi, dabadebis TariRi da adgili da a.S. moswavleebs mxolod informaciis saxiT (cnobad) unda miewodoT informacia eleqtronuli cxrilebis upiratesobis Sesaxeb rom SesaZlebelia filtrebis dayeneba, monacemebis daxarisxeba zrdiT an klebiT, an leqsikografiuli meTodiT da a.S. (20 wuTi).

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yuradReba unda mieqces, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem, ra saxis informaciis warmosadgenad aris ukeTesi cxrilis gamoyeneba; SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles saWiro informaciis amokreba cxrilidan; axerxebs Tu ara cxrilis sworad Sevsebas.


saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, sxvadasxva saxis cxrilebi, internetSi CarTuli kompiuteri da proeqtori, eleqtronuli cxrilebis programa Microsoft Office Excel.

5. gakveTilis gegma monacemTa saSualo

gakveTilis mTavari Tema monacemTa saSualo


raime movlenis dasaxasiaTeblad, zogadi tendenciis dasanaxad, monacemTa gasaanalizeblad mniSvnelovania monacemTa saSualos cnebis da misi gamoyenebis farglebis codna.


Sedegi: moswavles SeuZlia Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemTa interpretacia da elementaruli analizi

mizani: moswavlem SeZlos Semajamebeli ricxviTi maxasiaTeblis saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoTvla da gamoyeneba monacemTa erTobliobis dasaxasiaTeblad.

winaswari codna moswavlem unda icodes ricxvebis Sekreba da gayofa.

gakveTilis msvleloba 1. samotivacio aqtivoba, problemis formulireba: maswavlebelma unda waukiTxos moswavleebs teqsti sagazeTo an internet gamocemidan: magaliTad, bolo wlebSi temperaturam dedamiwaze moimata saSualod 3 gradusiT, an, saSualo merve klaselis aqtiuri leqsika sul 800 sityvas moicavs da a.S. maswavlebelma sTxovos moswavleebs, TavianTi mosazrebebi gamoTqvan teqstSi gadmocemuli Sinaarsis Sesaxeb. aqcenti unda gakeTdes sityvaze _ `saSualod”. moswavleebi maswavleblis daxmarebiT unda mividnen im daskvnamde, rom temperatura dedamiwis yvela regionSi Tanabrad ver moimatebda, rom SesaZloa zogan namati ufro metia da zogan ki naklebi. maswavlebelma unda sTxovos moswavleebs, TviTon Camoayalibon msgavsi debulebebi magaliTad, TbilisSi puris fasi saSualod 70 TeTria, an saskolo saxelmZRvanelos fasi saSualod 10 laria (10 wuTi).

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2 codnis konstruireba: maswavlebeli ganmartavs, rom arsebobs situaciebi, roca mniSvnelovania procesis Sesaxeb zogadi warmodgenis Seqmna, situaciisTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciis danaxva, da ar arsebobs faqtebis gansakuTrebuli detalizaciis aucilebloba. zogjer CvenTvis saintereso procesis Sesaxeb iseTi miaxloebiTi informaciis flobaa sakmarisi, romelic zogad warmodgenas Segviqmnis procesze masSi metismetad CaRrmavebis gareSe. aseTi saxis “miaxloebiTi mniSvnelobaa” saSualo ariTmetikuli. maswavlebeli moswavleebs ganumartavs, rogor iTvleba ramdenime ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikuli (sasurvelia, rom ricxvebis raodenoba ar aRematebodes 4s). Semdeg, sasurvelia, gairCes ramdenime amocana, magaliTad, dadgindes xaWapuris saSualo fasi Cvens qalaqSi, an iqve klasSi dadgindes moswavleTa saSualo simaRle. Semdeg aucileblad unda gamaxvildes yuradReba, sakmarisia Tu ara saSualo ariTmetikuli ufro zogadi daskvnebis gasakeTeblad; anu, Tu mxolod erT ubanSi mdebare saxaWapureebis fasebis saSualos vipovniT, es monacemi SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebodes qalaqis sxva ubnebis monacemebisagan (20 wuTi).

3. gamTlianeba: maswavlebelma unda auxsnas moswavleebs, rom didi raodenobis monacemebis saSualos eleqtronuli meTodebiT iTvlian. SesaZlebelia am faqtis demonstrirebac Microsoft Office Excelis meSveobiT (15 wuTi).


yuradReba unda mieqces, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem, ra saxis informaciis warmosadgenad aris ukeTesi saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoyeneba. axerxebs Tu ara moswavle 3 an 4 ricxvis saSualos gamoTvlas.


saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, sxvadasxva saxis realuri monacemebi, produqtebis fasebi da sxva. internetSi CarTuli kompiuteri da proeqtori, eleqtronuli cxrilebis programa Microsoft Office Excel.

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procenti

yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi xSirad gvWirdeba sxvadasxva sididis meased nawilze saubari an maTze moqmedebebi. TeTri laris measedi nawilia, santimetri metris measedi nawilia, farTobis erTeuli kvadratuli metri sxva, aseve Zalian gavrcelebuli farTobis erTeulis _ heqtris measedi nawilia. albaT aman ganapiroba, rom measedi nawilis aRsaniSnad specialuri sityva `procenti” SemoiRes. es sityva laTinuri warmomavlobisaa da niSnavs swored measeds. (SeiZleba istoriidan TqvenTvis cnobilia kidec, rom Zvel romSi 100100 kaciani samxedro legionebi hyavdaT, romlebsac ̀ centuriebs” uwodebdnen, maT

meTaurs ki ̀ centurioni” erqva. dolaris meased nawils ̀ centi” hqvia. am sityvebis fuZec igive laTinuri sityvisganaa miRebuli). mokled: raimes erT meased nawils procenti ewodeba. procentis aRsaniSnad xmaroben amgvar simbolos: %. bevr Tqvengans eqneba uTuod nanaxi maRaziebis vitrinebze warwera _ `fasdakleba 20%iT”. es niSnavs, rom maRaziaSi sadResaswaulod, an sxva raime mizeziT saqonlis didi nawili iyideba pirvendel fasze iafad, amasTan fasdakleba Seadgens sawyisi Rirebulebis 20

100 nawils.

ramdeni procentia 25100

, �0100

, 5100

?

gamosaxeT wiladis da aTwiladis saxiT: 30%, 45%, 100%.

ipoveT 50is 10%, 20%, 25%.

daxazeT kvadrati, romlis gverdi 10 ujris tolia. gaaferadeT kvadratis 40%.

romel figurazea iasamnisfrad gaferadebuli am figuris 75%?

152


romeli figuraa gaferadebuli 80%iT?

CawereT wiladebi procentis saxiT: 1

2 1

4 110

15

.

ricxvis ramden procents Seadgens misi naxevari? meaTedi? meoTxedi?

skolis moswavleTa 55% vaJia. ramden procents Seadgenen gogonebi?

biblioTekaSi wignebis 70% qarTulia. ramden procents Seadgens ucxoenovani wignebi?

koordinatebi

Tqven SesaZloa iciT, rom kinoTeatris bileTi ase gamoiyureba:

kinoTeatrSi sakuTar adgils zustad rom miagnoT, ori ricxvis codnaa saWiro. es ricxvebia: rigis nomeri da rigSi adgilis nomeri. suraTze gamosaxuli bileTis mepatrone me3 rigis me15 adgilze mjdara. 3 da 15 kinoTeatrSi konkretuli adgilis `koordinatebia”.

153


sibrtyeze Tu gavavlebT erTmaneTis gadamkveT paralelur da vertikalur wrfeebs, SevZlebT mivuTiToT am sibrtyeze gamosaxuli nebismieri obieqti.

magaliTad, mwvane burTula mdebareobs me4 paraleluri da me3 horizontaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi, wiTeli ki _ me5 paraleluri da pirveli horizontaluri xazis gadakveTis wertilSi. mwvane burTulis koordinatebia 4 da 3 _ (4; 3), wiTelisaki _ (5; 1).

igive principiT aris SemoRebuli dedamiwis koordinatebi _ gavlebulia grZedebi da ganedebi (ekvatoris paraleluri da perpendikularuli wrewirebi), romlis meSveobiTac zustad SeiZleba dedamiwis Tundac yvelaze mcire dasaxlebis mdebareobis miTiTeba.

romeli figuris koordinatebia (5; 2)?

154


aRniSneT wertili, koordinatiT (3; 3)

CawereT spilos Tvalebis, yurebis, kudis aRmniSvneli wertilebis koordinatebi

romel geometriul figuras miiRebT, Tu TanmimdevrobiT SeaerTebs wertilebs: (1; 1), (1; 4), (5; 4), (5; 1)?

qalaqi West Vancouver mdebareobs kvadratSi. romel kvadratSia qalaqi New Westminster?

155


simetria

sityva `simetria” berZnuli warmoSobisaa da niSnavs garkveuli wesrigis, kanonzomierebis arsebobas sagnebis an maTi nawilebis ganlagebaSi. simetrias xSirad vxvdebiT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. ornamentebi dekoratiul qsovilebsa da Spalerebze, arqiteqturuli morTulobani Senobebze da TviT Senobebis fasadebi, Cveulebriv, raime RerZis mimarT simetriul figurebs warmoadgenen. bunebaSic xSirad gvxvdeba simetriuli formebi. magaliTad, xisa da yvavilebis foTlebs simetriuli forma aqvT Sua Reros mimarT. Tavisi tanis mimarT simetriuli forma aqvs pepelas frTebs da frTebis moxatulobas.

brtyeli simetriuli figuris modelis damzadeba arcTu ise Znelia. unda gaavloT wrfe da qaRaldi gadakecoT am wrfeze. daxateT TqvenT vis sasurveli figuris naxevari da makratliT gamoWeriT ise, rom gadakecvis xazi ar gaiWras. gaSaleT miRebuli figura. igi simetriulia gadakecvis xazis mimarT, gadakecis wrfe ki am figuris simetriis RerZia.

15�


zogerT figuras erTze meti simetriis RerZi aqvs. magaliTad, marTkuTxeds simetriis 2 RerZi aqvs, kvadrats – 4, wrewirs ki – uamravi.

garda RerZuli simetriisa, arsebobs sxva saxis simetriebic, mag., centruli simetria, mobruneba da paraleluri gadatana.

daxazeT figurebi: marTkuTxedi, kvadrati, wre da gaavleT am figurebis simetriis RerZebi.

gaavleT naxazze mocemuli figurebis simetriis RerZebi.

157


romel naxazzea moemuli RerZis mimarT simetriuli figurebi?

SeqmeniT ramodenime RerZulad simetriuli ornamenti.

cxrili

informaciis warmodgenis erTerTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa cxrili. cxrili iZleva monacemebis dastruqturebis saSualebas. kargad dastruqturebul monacemebSi ki Zneli ar aris kanonzomierebebis SemCneva da maT safuZvelze daskvnebis gakeTeba. modiT, ganvixiloT cxrilis erTi nimuSi. warmodgenil cxrilSi aRnusxulia erTi klasis moswavleTa Sedegebi xuT saganSi.

moswavlis gvari da saxeli

mSobliuri ena

maTematika ucxo enabunebismetyveleba

musika

abaSiZe zurab 8 7 7 6 8

bolqvaZe nino 10 8 8 7 10

gogelia Tamaz 6 6 7 7 8

durgliSvili nino

8 7 8 8 8

ebrliZe arCil 9 9 9 10 10

maisuraZe daTo 9 10 10 10 9

qadeiSvili irakli

8 8 7 8 9

jafariZe Tamar 10 10 9 10 10

a) b) g) d)

158


cxrilis saSualebiT martivad miviRebT CvenTvis saWiro informacias moswavleebis Sesaxeb. klasis 3 moswavles – jafariZes, maisuraZes da ebraliZes aqvs saukeTeso Sedegebi. maTi qulebi meryeobs 9sa da 10 s Soris. amasTanave, yvelaze meti Sefaseba `10” aqvs jafariZes. maTematikaSi yvelaze dabali qula aqvs gogelias, bunebismetyvelebaSi – abaSiZes. musikaSi sagnebs Soris yvelaze kargi Sedegebia – arc erT moswavles ara aqvs 8ze dabali qula.

cxrilSi mocemulia supermarketis bostneulis seqciis mier aprilSi realizebuli produqciis dasaxeleba, raodenoba, Sesasyidi da sarealizacio fasebi.

produqciis dasaxeleba

1 kgis Sesasyidi fasi

1 kgis sarealizacio fasi

realizebuli produqciis raodenoba

(kilogramebSi)

kartofili 50 TeTri 65 TeTri 2000

kombosto 30 TeTri 40 TeTri 600

stafilo 60 TeTri 80 TeTri 300

Warxali 40 TeTri 60 TeTri 150

kitri 2 lari 2 lari 50 TeTri 90

pomidori 2 lari 50 TeTri 3 lari 120

cxrilis mixedviT upasuxe kiTxvebs:

a) ramdeni kilogrami Warxali gaiyida?

b) ra mogeba aqvs supermarkets 1 kg stafiloSi?

g) ramdenia kartofilis realizebiT miRebuli mogeba?

d) ramdenia pomidvris realizebiT miRebuli mogeba?

cxrilSi mocemulia informacia ofisis xarjebis Sesaxeb ori kvartlis (eqvsi Tvis) mixedviT.

Tve masala (larebSi) sawvavi (larebSi)

ianvari 210 300

Tebervali 170 210

marti 190 330

aprili 180 400

maisi 150 450

ivnisi 120 500

159


cxrilis mixedviT upasuxe kiTxvebs:

a) ramdenia ofisis xarji aprilSi?

b) ramdeni lariT metia ofisis xarji ianvarSi, vidre TebervalSi?

g) romel TveSia ofisis xarji udidesia?

d) ramdenia masalis xarji I kvartalSi?

e) ramdenia sawvavis xarji II kvartalSi?

v) ramdenia masalaze danaxarji ori kvartlis ganmavlobaSi?

yovelTviurad mobiluri telefoniT sargeblobis pirveli 200 wuTi ninos eZleva ufasod, xolo yoveli momdevno wuTisTvis igi ixdis 14 TeTrs. cxrilSi mocemulia ninos satelefono saubrebis xangrZlivoba 4 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.

Tve wuTebis raodenoba

ianvari 240

Tebervali 198

marti 325

aprili 210

a) ramdeni TeTri gadaixada ninom ianvarSi?

b) ramdeni TeTri gadaixada ninom martSi?

g) ramdeni TeTri gadaixada ninom 4 Tvis ganmavlobaSi?

d) ramdeniT meti gadaixada ninom martSi vidre ianvarSi?

v) ramdeni wuTiT gadaaWarba ninom yovelTviur zRvars 200 wuTs 4 Tvis ganmavlobaSi?

z) romel TveSi ar mouwia ninos satelefono saubrs fasis gadaxda?

T) moifiqre kidev ori kiTxva da upasuxe.

1�0


monacemTa saSualo

bevr Tqvengans uTuod eqneba mosmenili amgvari teqstebi: `sawarmos yovelTviuri mogeba saSualod 1 milioni dolaria”, ̀ puris fasma saSualod 10 TeTriT moimata”, `dedamiwaze temperaturam moimata saSualod 2 gradusiT”. sawarmos mogeba yovel TveSi erTi da igive ricxvi ar iqneba, ase TiTqmis arasodes xdeba. arc puri gaZvirdeboda yvela maRaziaSi zustad 10 TeTriT – albaT iarsebebs maRaziebi, sadac gaZvirebam 20 TeTri Seadgina, an iseTi maRaziebi, sadac puri mxolod 5 TeTriT gaZvirda. temperatura yvela qveyanaSi erTnairad ar moimatebda, zogan SesaZloa matebam 3 an 4 gradusi Seadgina, zogan ki saerTod ar momatebula. maS, saidan modis es `gasaSualoebuli” monacemebi? aris situaciebi, roca informaciis detalizacia saWiro ar aris. raRac procesis aRwerisas `tendenciis” codnac sakmarisia _ anu, CvenTvis saintereso procesis Sesaxeb iseTi miaxloebiTi informaciis flobaa sakmarisi, romelic zogad warmodgenas Segviqmnis procesze masSi zedmetad CaRrmavebis gareSe. aseTi saxis `miaxloebiTi mniSvnelobaa” saSualo ariTmetikuli. Tu lias gadasaxadi satelefono momsaxureobisaTvis dekemberSi Seadgenda 4 lars, ianvarSi 8 lars, xolo TebervalSi 6 lars, maSin SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom zamTris Tveebis ganmavlobaSi lias yovel Tviuri satelefono gadasaxadi Seadgenda saSualod (4+8+�):3=18:3=� lars. saSualo ariTmetikuli, an monacemTa saSualo gamoiTvleba amgvarad: unda Seikribos monacemebi da jami gaiyos monacemebis raodenobaze.

modiT axla aseTi amocana ganvixiloT: vTqvaT gvainteresebs imis dadgena, Tu rogoria aWaruli xaWapuris tipiuri fasi qalaqSi. amisaTvis ase unda moviqceT: davrekoT 8 an 10 saxaWapureSi da gavigoT fasebi (mag.,7.35 lari, 7 lari, 6.75 lari, 6.50 lari, 6.10 lari, 6 lari, 6 lari, 5.50 lari). unda SevkriboT maT mier dasaxelebuli fasebi da jami gavyoT monacemebis raodenobaze (am amocanis SemT xvevaSi 8ze).

(7,35+7+�,75+�,50+�,10+�+�+5,8):8=�,40 ese igi, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom qalaqSi aWaruli xaWapuris saSualo fasi 6 lari da 40 TeTria.

gamoTvaleT ricxvebis saSualo ariTmetikuli: 5, 6, 8, 7, 8, 8.

ras udris sami ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikuli, Tu am ricxvebis jami 21is tolia?

ras udris 5 ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikuli, Tu am ricxvebis jami 50is tolia?

1�1


risi tolia 5 ricxvis jami, Tu am ricxvebis saSualo ariT metikuli 10is tolia?

mSeneblis xelfasi 10 Tvis ganmavlobaSi saSualod 800 lars Seadgenda. sul ra Tanxa aiRo mSenebelma am 10 Tvis ganmavlo baSi?

sami sazamTros saSualo masa 10 kilogramia. erTerTi sazamTro 12 kilo grams iwonis. ras udris danareni oris saSualo masa?

SeiZleba Tu ara, rom ricxviTi monacemebis saSualo iyos udides monacemze meti? pasuxi daasabuTeT.

yovelTviurad, mobiluri telefoniT sargeblobis pirveli 200 wuTi ninos eZleva ufasod. yoveli momdevno wuTisTvis igi ixdis 5 TeTrs. cxrilSi mocemulia ninos satelefono saubrebis xangrZlivobebi 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.

Tve wuTebis raodenoba

ianvari 230 wuTi

Tebervali 300 wuTi

marti 250 wuTi

am 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, TveSi saSualod ra Tanxas ixdida nino?

fermers surs daadginos axali sasuqis efeqtianoba. amisaTvis man SearCia 5 nergi da gazoma maTi simaRleebi. amis Semdeg man dauyara am mcenareebs sasuqi da 2 kviris Semdeg gazoma maTi simaRleebi. svetovani diagrama gviCvenebs nergebis simaRleebs sasuqis gamoyenebamde da sasuqis gamoyenebis Semdeg.

am diagramis mixedviT, risi tolia mcenareebis saSualo zrda?

I mcenare II mcenare III mcenare IV mcenare V mcenare

25

20

15

10

5

0

sasuqis dayramde

sasuqis dayris Semdeg

1�2


gamoyenebuli literatura:

Teaching and Learning Primary Numeracy: Policy, Practice and Effectiveness (A review of British research for the British Educational Research Association in conjunction with the British Society for Research in the Learning of Mathematics. Editors: Mike Askew and Margaret Brown);

Steen, LA (ed.) 2001, Mathematics and democracy: the case for quantitative literacy,

The National Council on Education and the Disciplines, US. Available at:

http://www.maa.org/ql/mathanddemocracy.html;

Thomson, S 2004, ‘Numeracy in the early years: Project Good Start’, Australian

Primary Mathematics Classroom, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 14–17;

Schoenfeld, A. H. (1992). Learning to think mathematically: Problem solving,

metacognition, and sense-making in mathematics. In D. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook for

Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning (pp. 334-370). New York: MacMillan;

Reynolds, D., & Muijs, D. (2000). School effectiveness and teacher effectiveness in mathematics: Findings from the evaluation of the mathematics Enhancement Program (Primary). School Effectiveness & School Improvement.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM.

Polya, G. (1957). How to solve it? (2nd Edition). New York: Penguin Books.

problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri. 2008 weli.

sasicocxlo.unarebi

avtorebi

maia baqraZe

nazaket baxtiar mehdieva

1. Sesavali.................................................................................. 165

2. standarti .............................................................................. 166

2.1 moswavleTaTvis sasicocxlo unarCvevebis

ganviTarebis koncefcia ................................................... 166

2.2 sasicocxlo unarebis standartis ZiriTadi

struqtura ....................................................................... 168

2.3 moswavlis standarti _ Sedegebi da indikatorebi ...... 170

3. swavlebis meTodologiuri safuZvlebi ........................... 171

3.1 swavlaswavlebis interaqtiuri meTodebi .................... 171

3.2 saswavlo meTodebi .......................................................... 171

3.3 moswavleebis Sefaseba ..................................................... 181

4. gakveTilis dagegmva ........................................................... 187

4.1 gakveTilis etapebi .......................................................... 187

5. gakveTilis gegmebi ............................................................... 191

1�5

sasicocxlo unarebi

1..Sesavali

moswavleebi sazogadoebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani wevrebi arian. xSirad mozardebi srulad ver axdenen sakuTari SesaZleblobebis damoukideblad realizebas, maT mxardWera da motivireba sWirdebaT. bevr maTgans sxvadasxva saxis problemebTan uxdeba gamklaveba. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac isini raime tipis antisocialur saqmianobebSi arian CarTulni. msgavsi qmedebebi, pirvel rigSi, mozardis fsiqikas ayenebs zians, rac arTulebs sazogadoebaSi mis integracias. amitom, aucilebelia, sazogadoebam da pirvel rigSi, skolam moaxdinos myisieri reagireba da mozards problemebis daZlevaSi daexmaros. am procesSi erTerTi gadamwyveti roli eniWeba sasicocxlo unarebis. sasicocxlo unarCvevebs gamomuSaveba mozards exmareba, iyos warmatebuli da produqtiuli.

sasicocxlo unarebi yvela adamianis da, miT ufro, moswavlis sabaziso saWiroebaa. sasicocxlo unarebis SeZenaganviTareba moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, cxovrebiseul sirTuleebs gaumklavdnen. liderobis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis, komunikaciis, Sefasebis _ mozards exmareba, ipovnos sakuTari adgili skolaSi da sazogadoebaSi (sxvadasxva sociumSi).

saswavlo procesis efeqturad organizeba exmareba mozardebs unarCvevebi ganiviTaron. SemoTavazebuli kursi Seicavs liderobis, komunikaciis, interaqciis, TviTSefasebis, konfliqtebis marTvis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis, jgufSi muSaobisa da sxva socialur unarCvevebs. `sasicocxlo unarebis~ Seswavla aumjobesebs moswavleTa cxovrebas, maTi mxridan mcirdeba Zaladobrivi qceva, negatiuri da destruqciuli qmedebebis albaToba; _ izrdeba prosocialuri qceva.

kargad dagegmili saswavlo procesi gulisxmobs, rom maswavlebelma fasilitatoris roli unda Seasrulos. igi unda daexmaros moswavleebs problemis gaazrebaSi, gadawyvetilebis gzebis Ziebasa da unarebis ganviTarebSi. am mizniT, aucilebelia saswavlo procesis ZiriTadi nawili daeTmos jgufur muSaobas da sxva kolaboraciul aqtivobebs, sadac moswavleebs saSualeba eqnebaT, sakuTari

1��


SesaZleblobebi gamoavlinon da Sesabamisi unarebi ganiviTaron. maswavleblis mxardaWerasa da pozitiur gamoxmaurebas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs.

sasicocxlo unarebis Seswavlisas Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma Seqmnas iseTi saswavlo garemo, sadac moswavleebs saSualeba eqnebaT, moirgon sxvadasxva roli da Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobac aiRon. maT unda SeZlon gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad mravali gzis moZieba da prioritetuli alternativis SerCeva. Sesabamisad, unda SeeZloT sxvisi azris miReba, jansaRi urTierTobis damyareba. swavlebis procesi warmatebulia, Tu moswavleebs saSualeba aqvT, unarebi ganiviTaron sxvadasxava rolisa da Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobebis morgebiT.

saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia sasicocxlo unarebis standarti, meTodologiuri safuZvlebi da gakveTilis gegmebi.

saswavlo procesis efeqturi organizebis mizniT, kursis maswavlebeli unda gaecnos rogorc SemoTavazebul standarts, aseve, meTodologiur nawils, saswavlo strategiebsa da aqtivobebs.

2..standarti

2.1.moswavleTaTvis.sasicocxlo.unar-Cvevebis.ganviTarebis.

koncefcia

sasicoxlounarCvevebi aris individis SesaZlebloba, moiqces pozitiurad da warmatebiT Seeguos yoveldRiuri cxovrebis moTxovnebs. sasicocxlo unarCvevaTa swavlebis mizania, aRzardos axalgazrda, romelsac ecodineba da romelic SeZlebs:

daamyaros kavSiri da iTanamSromlos sxva adamianebTan;

Tavidan aicilos, an molaparakebis gziT gadaWras konfliqtebi;

xeli Seuwyos adamianis uflebebis dacvas;

marTos sakuTari emociebi da qceva;

gadadgas praqtikuli nabijebi garemos dasacavad; hqondes sakuTari Tavis da sxvebis pativiscema;

1�7

sasicocxlo unarebi

eweodes jansaRi cxovrebis wess;

hqondes mtkice samoqalaqo da moraluri pozicia;

ganaxorcielos informaciis menejmenti (marTva);

uTanagrZnos sxvebs (gamoavlinos empaTia) da a.S.

sasicocxo unarCvevebis swavleba xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa sulieri, socialuri da fizikuri keTildReobis ganviTarebas. amitom is dawyebiTi klasebidanve unda iswavlebodes urTierTobebSi negatiuri qceviTi faqtorebis warmoqmnamde.

sasicocxlo unarebis Seswavlis mizania, moswavles ganuviTaros komunikaciis, TanamSromlobis, sakuTari azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis, sakuTari da sxvebis qmedebebis Sefasebis, daskvnebis gamotanis, emociebis marTvis, movlenebis analizisa da Sefasebis unarCvevebi. xeli unda Seewyos iseTi Rirebulebebis Camoyalibebas, rogorebicaa: samarTlianoba da tolerantoba, sakuTari pirovnebisa da sxvebis pativiscema.

sasicocxlo unarebis dauflebis Sedegad, moswavle SeZlebs:

sakuTari Tavis realizebas skolaSi;

monawileobas saskolosaganmanaTleblo saqmianobebSi;

gansxvavebul adamianebTan jansaRi urTierTobebis damyarebasa da SenarCunebas;

mis winaSe warmoqmnili problemebis gadaWras.

saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia im skolebisTvis, romlebic saWirod miiCneven, skolaSi efeqturi CarTulobis xarisxis gazrdis mizniT, moswavleebs aRniSnuli kursi SesTavazon.

saxelmZRvanelo Seicavs: moswavleTa standarts, sadac gansazRvrulia saswavlo Sedegebi da indikatorebi; swavlebis meTodologias da rekomendaciebs maswavleblebisTvis swavlaswavlebis procesis Sesaxeb; gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebsa da moswavleTa Sefasebis tipebs.

saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebs daexmareba, ise dagegmon saswavlo procesi, rom moswavlem SeiZinos codna da ganiviTaros is unarCvevebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs skolaSi mis integraciasa da damoukidebeli cxovrebisTvis momzadebas.

1�8


2.2.sasicocxlo.unarebis.standartis.ZiriTadi.struqtura

sasicocxlo unarCvevebis standarti momzadebulia gaeros bavSvTa fondis mier SemuSavebuli dokumentis mixedviT1. is sami mimarTulebisgan Sedgeba:

1. interpersonaluri urTierTobebi/komunikacia;

2. gadawyvetilebis miReba da kritikuli azrovneba;

3. TviTmarTva.

interpersonaluri urTierTobebi/komunikacia

standartis mimarTulebis `interpersonaluri urTierTobebi/komunikacia~ mizania, moswavleebma komunikaciis unarCvevebi SeiZinon.

komunikacia _ informaciis gadacemis, gacvlis procesia. standartis es mimarTuleba iTvaliswinebs informaciis gadacemis verbalur da araverbalur xerxebs, aqtiur swavlebas, emociebis gamoxatvisa da gamoxmaurebis/ukugebis unarebs. am mimarTulebaSi Sedis aseve molaparakebis, molaparakebis gamarTvis, uaris Tqmis (asertiuloba) da konfliqtebis marTvis unaris ganviTareba. moswavleebs aseve ganuviTardebaT aqtiuri mosmenisa da sxvebis gagebis unarebi. iswavlian jgufSi muSaobas.

gadawyvetilebis miReba da kritikuli azrovneba

gadawyvetilebis miReba kognituri procesia, romlis Sedegicaa ramdenime alternatividan erTis SerCeva. gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis Sedegi saboloo arCevanis gakeTebaa.

kritikuli azrovneba maRali donis azrovnebaa. kritikulad moazrovne adamiani kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas ramdenime varauds uSvebs. igi cdilobs, gaarkvios, ra aris WeSmariti da ra _ mcdari, an _ nawilobriv WeSmariti da nawilobriv mcdari.

standartis es mimarTuleba moswavleebs saSualebas miscems, ganiviTaron problemis gansazRvris, misi gadaWris ramdenime alternatiuli gzis moZiebisa da am gzebis Sefasebis unari.

1 http://www.unodc.org/pdf/youthnet/action/message/escap_peers_07.pdf

1�9

sasicocxlo unarebi

moswavleebi aqtiurad CaerTvebian gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi, gaacnobiereben am procesSi TanamSromlobis mniSvnelobas, ganiviTareben jgufuri muSaobis unarCvevebs.

xandaxan, rodesac adamianebi gaumarTlebel, winaswarve mcdar mtkicebulebebs eyrdnobian da upiratesobas ama Tu im msjelobas aniWeben, amiT sakuTar aratolerantul qmedebas avlenen. amgvar situaciaze zemoqmedeba SesaZlebelia mxolod situaciis kritikulad Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi.

kritikuli azrovneba emyareba movlenebisa da procesebis mravalmxrivi analizis unars, problemis gadasaWrelad argumentebisa da mtkicebulebebis Segrovebas. am dros miRebuli gadawyvetileba ar emyareba emociebs, kaprizebsa da situaciidan gamomdinare sxvadasxva faqtors.

kritikuli azrovneba `gvaiZulebs~, mudmivad eWvi SevitanoT Cveni poziciebisa da hipoTezebis obieqturobaSi. garSemomyofebisadmi tolerantuli damokidebuleba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli kritikuli azrovnebis unarCvevasTan. `kritikuli azrovneba~ qmnis pirobas damoukidebeli azrovnebisaTvis da Cven winaSe wamoWrili problemebis gadaWris procesebSi CarTulobasac gansazRvravs.

TviTmarTva

standartis es mimarTuleba moswavleebs xels Seuwyobs, Sinagani kontrolis, TviTSefasebisa da TviTkritikis, grZnobebis da stresis marTvis unarCvevebi ganiviTaron.

moswavleebi gaacnobiereben sakuTar Rirebulebebsa da damokidebulebebs. amasTanave, miiReben informacias sakuTari pirovnebis Zlieri da susti mxareebis Sesaxeb. TviT marTvaSi Sedis aseve miznis dasaxvisa da misi miRwevis unarebis ganviTareba, brazis marTva, stresuli situaciebidan Rirseulad gamosvla, dasvenebis drois sworad organizeba da mimdinare movlenebisa da procesebis dadebiT WrilSi danaxvis unari.

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2.3.moswavlis.standarti.-.Sedegebi.da.indikatorebi

interpersonaluri urTierTobebi/komunikacia

gadawyvetilebis miReba da kritikuli

azrovnebaTviTmarTva

1.pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis unarCvevaurTierTobebis verbaluri da araverbaluri meTodebis gamoyeneba.aqtiuri mosmenis unaris demonstrireba.mosazrebis gamoxatva, ukukavSiri.2.molaparakebebis gamarTvis/uaris Tqmis (asertiuloba) unarCvevamolaparakebebis warmarTva da konfliqturi situaciebis marTva.sakuTari mosazrebis damajereblad Camoyalibeba;sakuTari poziciis uaryofa da sxva poziciis gaziareba, Tu is damajerebel argumentebs Seicavs.3. empaTiis gamovlenis unarisxvisi tkivilisa da gaWirvebis Tanagancda, gaWirvebuli adamianebis Tanadgoma. 4. TanamSromloba da gunduri muSaoba sxva admianis mosazrebebis pativiscema, jgufis muSaobaSi sakuTari wvlilis Setana.jgufSi muSaoba da Setanili wvlilis sworad Sefaseba.5. sakuTari poziciis dacva sakuTari poziciis dacva, Tanamosaubris darwmuneba da gadawyvetilebis procesze gavlenis moxdena.

6. gadawyvetilebis miRebaSesabamisi informaciis mopoveba.mocemuli movlenis Sedegebis Sefaseba. problemis gadaWris SesaZlo gzebis gansazRvra.7.kritikuli azrovneba sainforamacio saSualebebidan da garesamyarodan miRebuli informaciis analizi da Sefaseba.informaciisa da, Sesabamisad, misi warmoSobis wyaros gansazRvra da misi sandoobis Sefaseba.

8. Sinagani kontroliTviTSefasebisa da ndobis unarCveva.uflebebisa da Rirebulebebis urTierTdamokidebulebis, maTi Zlieri da susti mxareebis gacnobiereba.miznis gansazRvra.TviTSefaseba da TviTmonitoringi. 9. grZnobebis kontrolis unarCvevazizRisa da brazis kontroli.dardisa da SfoTvis gaziareba.danakargis, dardis da travmis Sedegad miRebul tkivilTan gamklaveba. 10. stresis kontrolis unarCvevadrois sworad ganawileba.mimdinare procesebisa da movlenebisadmi keTilganwyobili damokidebulebis gamovlena.dasvenebisaTvis drois organizeba.

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3..swavlebis.meTodologiuri.safuZvlebi

3.1.swavla/swavlebis.interaqtiuri.meTodebi

interaqcionizmi _ Tanamedrove socialuri fsiqologiis mimarTulebaa, romelic damyarebulia amerikeli sociologisa da fsiqologis j. midis koncefciaze. interaqcionizmSi (uSualo urTierTqmedebaSi) igulisxmeba pirovnebaTSorisi komunikacia, romlis mTavar Taviseburebad miCneulia adamianis unari `miiRos sxvisi roli“, warmoidginos, Tu rogor aRiqvams mas partniori an jgufi, amis Sesabamisad moaxdinos situaciis interpretacia da sakuTari moqmedebebis ageba.

`sasicocxlo unarCvevebis~ swavleba gansakuTrebiT efeqtiania, Tu mas interaqcionizmze dafuZnebuli meTodika udevs safuZvlad.

interaqtiuri meTodebiT swavleba Zireulad gansxvavdeba swavlebis tradiciuli meTodebisagan. aseTi swavleba xels uwyobs mozardis individualizacias da socializacias, rac ganapirobebs mis adaptacias konkurentul garemoSic. tradiciuli swavlebisas gakveTilze centraluri figura maswavlebelia. igi Sesaswavl masalas mza saxiT awvdis (gadascems) moswavles, romelic codnis pasiuri mimRebis rolSi imyofeba. interaqtiuri meTodikiT swavlebis dros TviT bavSvi (moswavle) imyofeba Sesaswavli movlenebis centrSi. igi Tavis codnasa da gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, sxva bavSvebTan erTad aanalizebs, afasebs, ayalibebs mosazrebebs, eufleba unarCvevebs, uyalibdeba ganwyobadamokidebulebebi faqtebisa da movlenebisadmi.

3.2.saswavlo.meTodebi:

I. siuJeturi (roluri) TamaSi

TamaSi adamianisa da gansakuTrebiT, bavSvis qcevis erTerTi wamyvani formaa. TamaSi swavlebis mizniT _ esaa SesaZlo realobis jgufuri gamokvlevis da, am gziT, socialuri gamocdilebis miRebis saSualeba.

germaneli fsiqologi biuleri miiCnevda, rom TamaSi aris saqmianoba, romlis ganxorcielebas safuZvlad funqciuri siamovnebis miReba udevs. yovelive zemoTqmulidan SeiZleba ganvmartoT,

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rom TamaSi _ esaa SesaZlo sinamdvilis jgufuri da dialoguri gamokvlevis meTodi.

saTamaSo aqtivobas marTlac sxvadasxva saxis siamovneba udevs safuZvlad, kerZod:

1. partniorebTan uSualo kontaqtis siamovneba;

2. saTamaSo situaciebis Sedegebis swrafad garkvevis siamovneba;

3. Sejibrisgan miRebuli siamovneba;

4. sakuTari Tavisa da SesaZleblobebis demonstrirebiT miRebuli siamovneba;

5. rolSi `Sesvlis~ siamovneba da a.S.

siuJeturi TamaSi _ es aris gakveTilze gaTamaSebuli mcire dadgma, speqtakli, romlis mizania bavSvisaTvis ucnobi da uCveulo movlenebis gacocxleba maTi gaTamaSebis gziT.

maswavlebeli arCevs gakveTilze gansaxilvel (Sesaswavl) Temas da adgens siuJets. Semdeg bavSvebTan erTad anawilebs rolebs da msjelobs imaze, Tu rogor unda ganxorcieldes sabavSvo warmodgena.

maswavlebelma SeiZleba dausvas bavSvebs kiTxvebi. warmodgenis damTavrebis Semdeg. mas mTeli klasi arCevs.

es meTodi saSualebas aZlevs bavSvs:

ukeT gaigos misTvis ucnobi movlenebi;

Tamamad gamoxatos Tavisi grZnobebi da azrebi;

igrZnos Tavi jgufis wevrad;

iTanamSromlos sxva bavSvebTan, anu miiRos monawileoba;

TamaSiT miiRweva bavSvis socializacia (sazogadoebaSi arsebuli socialuri gamocdilebis aTviseba da miReba) da a. S.

saklaso diskusia

diskusia aqtiuri swavlebis erTerTi mniSvnelovani meTodebia, romelic stimuls aZlevs moswavleTa iniciativas da maT refleqsur azrovnebas uviTarebs.

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diskusiis dros xdeba:

monawileTa Soris informaciis gacvla;

erTi da imave sakiTxisadmi sxvadasxvagvari midgomebis Zieba;

sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisis (xSirad, erTmaneTis gamomricxavis) Tanaarseboba;

saerTo azris an gadawyvetilebis misaRebad jgufuri SeTanxmebis Zieba.

diskusiis meTodiT swavleba, tradiciuli meTodiT swavlebisgan gansxvavebiT, SesaZleblobas iZleva, davinaxoT, rom yoveli mtkicebuleba mraval aspeqts Seicavs da daskvnis gakeTeba uamravi gziT aris SesaZlebeli.

imisaTvis, rom klasSi Ria diskusia Catardes, saWiroa, urTierTpativiscemisa da ndobis garemo iyos Seqmnili. `usafrTxo“ garemos Seqmna ki maswavleblis mier winaswari samuSaos Catarebas gulisxmobs, romlis mizania klasSi sadiskusio qcevis wesebisa da urTierTobis normebis Camoyalibeba. es gansakuTrebiT efeqturia dawyebiT klasebSi, rodesac qcevis normebi yalibdeba.

diskusiis wesebis swavla da am meTodis xSiri gamoyeneba xels uwyobs mTeli rigi unarCvevebis Camoyalibebas, rogorebicaa:

sxvisi aqtiuri mosmena;

sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba da misi argumentacia;

msjeloba, kritikuli analizi da sxvisi naazrevis Sefaseba.

sabolood ki yalibdeba sxvisi _ gansxvavebuli azrisadmi _ pativiscemisa da Semwynareblobis damokidebuleba, rac aucilebelia demokratiuli sazogadoebis moqalaqisaTvis.

imisaTvis, rom diskusia CavataroT, saWiroa:

problemis warmodgena an konkretuli SemTxvevis aRwera;

diskusiis motivacia;

diskusiis wesebis dacva;

moswavleTa waxaliseba, mxardaWera.

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ganixilaven diskusiis Semdeg formebs:

`mrgvali magida“ _ moswavleTa mcire jgufi (4 5 kaci) axdens (azrebis) urTierTgacvlas erTmaneTTan da klasTan.

`paneluri diskusia“ _ romelsac uZRveba jgufis mier winaswar daniSnuli lideri.

`forumi“ _ mTeli jgufi axdens azrTa da ideaTa urTierTgacvlas Tanabar sawyisebze.

`debatebi“ _ agebuli monawileTa winaswar dagegmil gamosvlebze. warmomadgenlebi arCeulni unda iyvnen jgufidan. kamaTis dros jgufis TiTo warmomadgeneli rigrigobiT monawileobs.

diskusiis Semdeg maswavlebeli kidev erTxel Seajerebs da moswavleebTan erTad gaimeorebs miRebul daskvnebs. saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, daskvnebi Tavad monawileebma unda Camoayalibon.

sasurvelia, gansjisas daisvas aseTi tipis SekiTxvebi: `ra moxda?~, `ratom moxda ase?~, `SesaZlebeli iyo Tu ara, movlenebi sxvagvard ganviTarebuliyo?~, `rogor?~, `Tqven ras moimoqmedebdiT msgavs situaciaSi?~, `Tqveni azriT, ra igrZno personaJma?~, `Tqven ra igrZeniT mocemul situaciaSi?~, `swori iyo Tu ara es?~, `ratom?~.

`akvariumi”

am meTodis mizania diskusiis unarCvevis ganviTareba. misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia gansxvavebul variantebSi.

`akvariumis~ Catarebis pirveli varianti:

diskusiis warmarTvis wesebi (magaliTad, reglamentis dacva, momxseneblis mosmena da sxva) ganisazRvreba Tavad moswavleebis mier. moswavleebi iyofian 2 jgufad. erTi jgufi jdeba skamebze wris SigniT da iwyebs maswavleblis mier mowodebuli Temis ganxilvas. meore jgufi jdeba skamebze wris gareT da Tvals adevnebs diskusias, romelic winaswar gansazRvruli wesebiT mimdinareobs.

pirveli jgufi awarmoebs diskusias gansazRvrul Temaze da 1520 wuTis Semdeg debatebi Cerdeba. wris gareT msxdomni afaseben mimdinare ganxilvas. amis Semdeg, jgufebi cvlian adgilebs da iwyeben axali Temis ganxilvas.

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`akvariumis~ Catarebis meore varianti:

jgufi, romelic zis `wris SigniT~, iwyebs maswavleblis mier SeTavazebuli Temis ganxilvas. pirveli variantisagan gansxvavebiT, monawileebi daasaxeleben argumentebs problemis sasargeblod.

sxva jgufis wevrebi sxdebian skamebze wris garSemo. isini ismenen da iweren gamosvlis motivebs, aanalizeben, sakuTar kontrargumentebs amzadeben. 1520 wuTis Semdeg diskusia Cerdeba. jgufebi adgilebs cvlian. isini iwyeben gamosvlebs im mizniT, rom sakuTari simarTle daamtkicon da erTmaneTis mosazrebebi gaabaTilon.

am SemTxvevaSi, ar aris mniSvnelovani, rom jgufebi saerTo azramde mividnen.

proeqtebi

proeqti _ es aris moswavleTa mier winaswar dagegmili da damoukideblad warmoebuli problemis gadaWraze orientirebuli samuSao. romelic maT SeuZliaT warmoadginon gamokvlevis, moxsenebis an leqsis, naxatis, Seqmnili produqtis (sagnis) saxiT da a. S.

proeqtis Temas maswavlebeli irCevs da moswavleebs gansaxorcieleblad sTavazobs. moswavleebi gegmaven TavianT moqmedebebs da proeqtis Sesrulebis xangrZlivobas, rac arCeuli Temidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iyos erTi gakveTili, ramdenime kvira an Tve.

proeqtebis meTodiT muSaoba moswavles exmareba:

daamyaros uSualo kavSiri gare samyaros faqtebTan da movlenebTan;

dagegmos sakuTari moqmedebebi da dro;

akontrolos sakuTari swavla;

daamyaros kontaqti (proeqtis farglebSi) sxvadasxva adamianTan;

miiRos sakuTari kvlevis Sedegebis sxvisTvis gacnobis praqtika, gamocdileba.

proeqtze muSaobas SeuZlia, swrafad ganaviTaros araerTi unari, rogorebicaa: interviu da vizitebi, statistikuri monacemebis Segroveba, sxvadasxva teqnikasTan muSaoba (foto da video aparatura).

17�


saukeTeso proeqti akademiur, socialur da SemoqmedebiT unarCvevebs aerTianebs. proeqtze muSaoba _ esaa efeqturi gza Teoriuli codnidan praqtikamde.

rogorc aRvniSneT, proeqtis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos filmi, gamofena, angariSi an moxseneba da a. S. kargi iqneba, Tu aRiniSneba proeqtis Sesrulebis sxvadasxva etapi da aRiwereba moswavleTa gancdebi proeqtis Sesrulebis dros.

`gadawyvetilebis xe~

meTodi moswavleebs uviTarebs gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars. maswavlebeli dawvrilebiT ganmartavs gansaxilvel problemas da moswavleebTan erTad gansazRvravs misi gadawyvetis ramdenime SesaZlo gzas. 46 adamianisagan Semdgar jgufSi, moswavleebi problemis gadaWris TiToeuli gzis upiratesobebsa da naklovanebebs aanalizeben. avseben cxrils. mas Semdeg, rac yvela jgufi warmoadgens sakuTar namuSevars, grZeldeba msjeloba Sedegebis ganzogadebisaTvis.

problema

problemis gadaWris

mimarTulebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi faqtorebi

problemis gadaWris mimarTulebebi

gadawyvetilebis 1mimarTulebamimarTulebamimarTuleba

gadawyvetilebis 2 mimarTuleba mimarTuleba

gadawyvetilebi s 3 3 mimarTuleba

+

gadawyvetileba:

problemuri situaciis ganxilva

meTodi aviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas, miRebuli informaciis analizisa da Sefasebis unarCvevas. maswavlebeli amzadebs ramdenime situacias. teqstSi arsebuli problema winaswar gansazRvrulia. teqtTan erTad maswavlebeli amzadebs SekiTxvebs, romelTa mixedviTac warimarTeba msjeloba jgufebSi. iqmneba moswavleTa 45 kaciani jgufebi. yoveli jgufi msjelobs erTerT SemoTavazebul situaciaze da cdilobs mocemuli problemis gadaWris mimarTulebis povnas. samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg ganxilva jgufebSi mimdinareobs.

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leqcia

leqcia aris moswavleebisaTvis informaciis gadacemis yvelaze gavrcelebuli meTodia. leqcia gamoiyeneba Temis Sinaarsis gamdidrebisa da SevsebisaTvis. leqciebis xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebodes 1015 wuTs.

leqciis efeqturobisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs TvalsaCinoebebs (plakatebi, suraTebi, fotoebi, slaidSou da ase Semdeg). leqciis dros sasurvelia maswavlebelma moswavleebs dausvas kiTxvebi da daakvirdes maT Jestebs, radgan rTuli gasarkvevia, leqciis msvlelobis dros moswavle CarTulia Tu ara saswavlo procesSi.

jgufuri muSaoba

moswavleze orientirebulma ganaTlebam Zlieri biZgi misca TanamSromlobiTi pedagogikis ganviTarebs da is dRes farTod aris gavrcelebuli mTel msoflioSi. saswavlo procesis organizaciis formebs Soris aRsaniSnavia wyvilebSi da jgufebSi muSaoba. tradiciuli gakveTilis dros, roca frontaluri gamokiTxva Warbobs, ZiriTadad, Zlieri moswavleebi aqtiuroben. isini axal masalas advilad igeben, swrafad iTviseben da maswavlebelic maT eyrdnoba. susti moswavle ki CrdilSia da CamorCena garantirebuli aqvs _ vinaidan dro ar hyofnis, rom yvelaferi naTlad warmoidginos da verc imas bedavs, rom kiTxvebiT mimarTos maswavlebels; Tu SeekiTxebian, swrafad ver pasuxobs an arasworad pasuxobs da... mokled, gakveTilis msvlelobas aferxebs.

axla ganvixiloT meore varianti, roca moswavles individualur davalebebs vaZlevT da is TavisTvis mecadineobs. xSirad is Tavisi warmatebebiTa da warumateblobebiT sakuTar naWuWSi rCeba. mas naklebad anaRvlebs, Tu rogor aqvs saqme mis amxanags da ZiriTadad sakuTari problemebiT aris dakavebuli.

TanamSromlobiTi pedagogika gvTavazobs sxvanairad swavlas, roca moswavlis gverdiT amxanagebi arian, romelTac unda daexmaros, an daekiTxos, gaarkvios is, rac gaugebaria; moswavleebs SeuZliaT, erToblivad imsjelon da daskvnebi gamoitanon. roca Senzea damokidebuli jgufis warmateba, SeuZlebelia ar gaacnobiero pasuxismgebloba sakuTari Tavisa da jgufis winaSe, ar iswavlo, ar imuSao, izarmaco da a.S...

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praqtikam aCvena, rom erToblivad swavla aramarto ufro ioli da sainteresoa, mniSvnelovnad efeqtianicaa. aRsaniSnavia, rom es efeqtianoba exeba rogorc akademiur warmatebebsa da inteleqtualur ganviTarebas, ise _ zneobriv zrdas.

zemoCamoTvlil sabaziso unarCvevaTa nusxaSi, rogorc vnaxeT, calke punqtad aris gamoyofili jgufuri muSaobis unari. TanamSromlobiTi swavleba Tavisi miznis misaRwevad xSirad iyenebs klasSi jgufuri muSaobis (mecadineobis) meTods. axali pedagogiuri teqnologiebis ganxorcielebac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, jgufuri muSaobis meTodTan aris dakavSirebuli.

jgufur mecadineobas skolaSi Cven ganvixilavT, rogorc koleqtiur inteleqtualur muSaobas, rac bavSvis gonebis ganviTarebis saukeTeso pirobebs qmnis.

urTierTobaTa TvalsazrisiT, jgufuri mecadineobis daniSnuleba is ki araa, rom jgufi emorCilebodes maswavlebels; aramed is, rom jgufis TiToeuli moswavle Tavs komfortulad grZnobdes, maqsimalur Sedegebs aRwevdes da amxanagebTan da maswavleblebTan TanamSromlobdes. aseT pirobebSi, jgufuri muSaoba Semdeg zemoqmedebas axdens pirovnebis ganviTarebaze:

jgufi qmnis inteleqtualuri daZabulobis vels;

jgufi qmnis emociuri damuxtvis vels;

jgufi aZlevs adamians qcevis gamocdilebas;

jgufSi moswavle eCveva amxanagebTan TanamSromlobas;

jgufi xels uwyobs moswavles damoukideblad muSaobis unaris ganviTarebas;

jgufi uviTarebs moswavles pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas da a.S.

pedagogis mier organizebul jgufur mecadineobas azri mxolod im SemTxvevaSi aqvs, roca aseTi mecadineoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa pirovnul ganviTarebas. jgufi saukeTeso saSualebas iZleva iseTi SemoqmedebiTi garemos Sesaqmnelad, romelic jgfis wevrebis ganviTarebas uzrunvelyofs.

gakveTilze jgufuri muSaobis organizebis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebia:

1) konkretuli saswavlo amocanebis gadasawyvetad klasi iyofa 36 bavSvian jgufebad;

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2) TiToeul jgufs eZleva konkretuli davaleba (davaleba yvela jgufisaTvis SeiZleba iyos erTi an sxvadasxva), romelsac asrulebs jgufi erToblivad, lideris an maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT;

3) jgufSi davaleba moswavleebze imgvarad nawildeba da sruldeba, rom SesaZlebelia jgufis TiToeuli wevris individualuri wvlilis gamoyofa da Sefaseba;

4) Tavidan jgufebis Semadgenloba cvalebadia, jgufebi imis gaTvaliwinebiT kompleqtdeba, rom maqsimalurad Seewyos xeli TiToeuli moswavlis SesaZleblobebis realizacias da pirovnuli xasiaTebis umtkivneulod SeTavsebas;

5) jgufi yalibdeba im principiT, rom gaerTiandnen sxvadasxva siZlierisa da codnis donis, gansxvavebuli xasiaTebis moswavleebi, rac maT urTierTSevsebisa da gamdidrebis saSualebas aZlevs;

6) jgufi unda muSaobdes SeTanxmebulad, ukonfliqtod, arc erTi bavSvi ar unda iTrgunebodes;

7) samuSao unda Sesrules maswavleblis mier winaswar gansazRvrul droSi;

8) jgufi muSaobs erT magidasTan;

9) gundebad Camoyalibebuli jgufebi SeiZleba ucvlelad davtovoT garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi (erTi an ori Tve, saswavlo semestri).

jgufuri muSaobisas unda wavaqezoT samuSaos msvlelobisa da Sedegebis erToblivi ganxilva, rCevisTvis erTmaneTisadmi mimarTva da urTierT daxmareba. am dros mniSvnelovnad izrdeba yvela saWiro SemTxvevaSi moswavleebis mxridan amxanagebis daxmareba. aRsaniSnavia, rom am dros damxmare moswavle sustTan SedarebiT aranakleb sargeblobas iRebs, vinaidan misi codna konkretdeba, aqtiurdeba, mtkicdeba TanaklaselisaTvis axsnis procesSi.

jgufuri muSaobis dros maswavlebeli sxadasxva funqcias asrulebs: amowmebs samuSaos msvlelobas, reagirebs kiTxvebze, aregulirebs kamaTisa da muSaobis Tanmimdevrobas, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, calkeul moswavles an mTlianad jgufs exmareba; amasTanave, maqsimalurad uwyobs xels Sedegebis ganxilvasa da urTierT konsultaciebs.

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maswavlebeli unda akontrolebdes mTeli klasis muSaobas, magram ar unda iqmnebodes STabeWdileba, rom is romelime jgufs Tavze adgas. maswavlebeli ar uda Caerios jgufis muSaobaSi, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca moswavleebi iTxoven raimes ganmartebas.

samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg jgufebi warmoadgenen TavianT namuSevrebs (jgufis romelime wevri weriT Sesrulebul davalebas kiTxulobs an komentarisaTvis iyenebs). maswavlebels SeuZlia, TviTon SearCios prezentatori an jgufs misces amis ufleba. prezentaciis dros kamaTi dauSvebelia: ar SeiZleba, azri gavawyvetinoT mopasuxes. SekiTxvebis dasma dasaSvebia mxolod prezentaciis Semdeg (prezentaciis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT qvemoT visaubrebT).

jgufuri mecadineobis warmatebiT Casatareblad pedagogi klass kargad unda icnobdes (igulisxmeba aramarto moswavleTa codnis done, aramed, maTi xasiaTisa da urTierTobebis Taviseburebani). jgufur mecadineobas winaswar momzadeba da dagegmva sWirdeba. marTalia, amgvari muSaoba maswavleblisagan damatebiTi drois xarjvas moiTxovs, magram, samagierod, pedagogiuri efeqti sakmaod maRalia.

jgufuri muSaobis teqnologiuri procesi Semdegi elementebisagan Sedgeba (sanimuSod gTavazobT g.selevkos mier SemoTavazebul variants):

I. davalebis momzadeba da gadacema: (45 wT.)

saswavlo amocanis dasma (an problemuri situaciis Seqmna);

samuSaos Tanmimdevrobis ganmarteba (instruqtaJi);

didaqtikuri masalis dagroveba jgufebSi.

II. jgufuri samuSao: (2430 wT.)

masalis gacnoba, jgufuri samuSaos dagegmva;

davalebebis ganawileba jgufis wevrebze;

davalebis individualurad Sesruleba;

individualuri samuSaos Sedegebis ganxilva;

Sesrulebuli mTliani davalebis jgufuri ganxilva (SeniSvnebiT, dazustebebiT...).

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III. daskvniTi nawili: (810 wT)

jgufebis mier samuSaos Sedegebis prezentacia;

saswavlo amocanis analizi, refleqsia;

saerTo daskvnebis gamotana;

maswavleblis damatebiTi informacia (SeniSvnebi, survilebi, Sefaseba, saSinao davaleba da sxva).

jgufuri muSaobis warmatebiT gamoyeneba SeiZleba rogorc axali masalis gadacemis dros, ise Seswavlili masalis Semowmebisas da Sefasebisas. mTavaria, maswavlebels ar aerios, rom jgufuri muSaoba mizani ki ar aris, aramed _ qmediTi saSualebaa gakveTilis miznis misaRwevad da dasaxuli amocanis gadasaWrelad.

jgufuri muSaobis xerxs wamatebiT viyenebT adamianTa uflebebis swavlebisTvis. qvemoT sanimuSod motanilia iseTi gakveTilis msvleloba (komentarebiT), romlis drosac yvela monawile (moswavle) maqsimalurad aris CarTuli swavlis procesSi da sruli pasuxismgeblobiT ekideba davalebis Sesrulebas.

3.3..moswavleebis.Sefaseba..

swavlebis dros maswavlebeli ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis paralelurad iyenebs ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas. maswavlebelma unda Seafasos ara mxolod moswavlis miRwevebi, aramed isic, Tu ra gziT aRwevs Sedegs (rogor swavlobs, fiqrobs, iqceva).

moswavleTa obieqturi Sefasebis mizniT, maswavlebelma Semdeg kiTxvebs unda upasuxos:

1. ra aris gakveTilis mizani? ra Sedegis miRweva surs maswavlebels?

2. ra aqtivobebiT/strategiebiT aris SesaZlebeli miznis miRweva?

3. rogor gaigebs maswavlebeli, ra iswavles moswavleebma?

imisaTvis, rom vipovoT pasuxebi yvela am SekiTxvaze da praqtikaSi movaxdinoT Sefasebis realizacia, gamoiyeneba Semdegi saxis Sefasebebi da TiToeuli maTgani miznad isaxavs daazustos Sesabamisi SekiTxvebi:

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1. sawyisi donis Sefaseba (diagnostikuri Sefaseba)

aqvT Tu ara moswavleebs sabazo codna da unarCvevebi?

floben Tu ara moswavleebi, raime informacias Sinaarsis Sesaxeb?

2. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba

unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelmZRvaneloSi ZiriTadad ganxiluli iqneba diagnostikuri da ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba. diagnostikuri Sefaseba gansazRvravs moswavleebis sawyis codnas da maswavlebels exmareba, sworad dagegmos da ganaxorcielos swavleba.

diagnostikuri Sefaseba ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis pirvel etapad iTvleba. es SesaZlebelia aisaxos TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis Sedgenil Sefasebis individualur cxrilSi. diagnostikuri Sefaseba saSualebas iZleva, ganisazRvros moswavlis msoflmxedveloba, codnis done, SesaZleblobebi, qcevis tipi da fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba. Sefaseba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva kriteriumiT, imis mixedviT, Tu risi Sefaseba gvsurs.

diagnostikuri Sefaseba Semdegi meTodebiTa da saSualebebiT tardeba:

interviu. tardeba zepiri saxiT, individualurad TiToeul moswavlesTan.

TviTSefaseba. moswavle afasebs sakuTar Tavs.

saubari. SesaZlebelia Catardes mTel klasTan, an individualurad. am SemTxvevaSi ganisazRvreba moswavlis codna da fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba.

dakvirveba. SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT mecadineobis dros. am dros vakvirdebiT, rogor iTvisebs axal masalas, ramdenad yuradRebiania; Tvalyurs vadevnebT mosmenis unars, TanamSromlobas, aqtiurobas.

amocanebi. programuli masalis aTvisebis Semowmeba SesaZlebelia warimarTos diferencirebuli tipis davalebebiT. ufro mizanSewonilia Ria daboloebiani testebis gamoyeneba.

TanamSromloba mSoblebTan da sxva sagnebis pedagogebTan. SesaZlebelia Catardes ubralo anketirebiT an konkretuli SekiTxvebiT.

diagnostikuri Sefasebis Sedegebi aRiniSneba komentarebiT, qulebiT, procentebiT maswavleblis individualur rveulSi da moswavlis samuSao furcelze.

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sasicocxlo unarebi

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba xorcieleba yoveldRiuri swavlebis procesSi _ sxvadasxva Temis, sagnis da ganxris aTvisebis Sesaxeb informaciis Sekrebis mizniT. maswavlebeli akvirdeba moswavles da adgens mis sust da Zlier mxareebs. maswavlebelma unda gansazRvros moswavlis Sedegebis miRwevis gaumjobesebis gzebi.

am mizniT gamoiyeneba:

1. dakvirveba;

2. interviu;

3. verbaluri (sityvieri) Sefaseba;

4. TviTSefaseba;

5. qmedebis Sefaseba;

6. zepiri metyveleba da wera;

7. werilobiTi namuSevrebis analizi;

8. testi;

9. gamokiTxvis baraTebi da sxv.

Sefasebis es xerxebi SeiZleba daxasiaTdes Semdegi saxiT:

dakvirveba

moswavleebze dakvirveba gulisxmobs maT qmedebebze dakvirvebas an SesaZleblobas, movisminoT maTi saubarebi da sxvadasxva Tema ganvixiloT.

SemTxveviT dakvirvebad iTvleba iseTi dakvirveba, romelic SemTxveviT garemoebebSi mimdinareobs da romelsac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs progresisaTvis. sistemuri dakvirveba ki niSnavs, rom moswavleze dakvirveba xdeba garkveul dros da konkretuli mizniT.

interviu

moswavleebis azrebis gamosavlenad aucilebeli da sasargebloa kiTxvebis dasma. moswavleebis qmedebebis dadgenis mizniT, araformalur situaciaSi maswavlebels SeuZlia dasvas Semdegi tipis SekiTxvebi:

rogor miaRwieT aseT Sedegebs?

ra problemebi warmoiSva da ratom? da sxva

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TviTSefaseba

Zalian mniSvnelovania moswavlis CarTva Sefasebis procesSi. am SemTxvevaSi isini pasuxismgebelni arian sakuTar qmedebebze. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma imsjelon sakuTar namuSevrebze, maswavlebeli bavSvebTan erTad gansazRvravs saWiro kriteriumebs. Semdeg maswavlebeli urigebs moswavleebs furclebs, romlebzec Sefasebis kriteriumebia aRniSnulia maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, sakuTari naSromi am kriteriumebiT Seafason. Sefasebis procesis obieqturobis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia Semdegi pirobebis dacva:

moswavleebis mier maswavleblis mier gamoyenebuli Sefasebis kriteriumebis gacnoba;

moswavleTa TviTSefaseba an maT qcevaze maswavleblis SeniSvna;

Sefasebis kriteriumebis Riaoba.

TviTSefaseba niSnavs, rom moswavleebma ician Sefasebis kriterumebi da sakuTari Sedegebis gaanalizebis Semdeg, SeuZliaT Tavisi codnis donis Sefaseba.

sityvieri Sefaseba _ komentari

moswavleebis stimulirebisa da Sefasebis saukeTeso saSualebad iTvleba sityviT Sefaseba _ komentarebi. komentariT SeiZleba Sefasdes ara mxolod codna, SesaZlebloba da unarCvevebi, aramed moswavleebis pirovnuli Tvisebebi. es meTodi saSualebas gvaZlevs, SevafasoT rogorc raodenoba, aseve xarisxic.

moswavleTa CarTva Sefasebis procesSi

Sefasebis procesSi moswavleTa CarTvis uzrunvelsayofad SesaZlo sami strategia ganixileba:

1. swavlebis garkveul etapze SevafasoT miRweuli Sedegebi da saSualeba mivceT moswavleebs, kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemis meSveobiT gamoTqvan sakuTari mosazrebebi.

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sasicocxlo unarebi

ra aris Cemi yvelaze mniSvnelovani miRweva dRevandel gakveTilze/semestrSi/saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi?

risi gakeTeba SemiZlia ukeT?

2. SesaZlebelia, SevTavazoT moswavleebs, rom maT gamoxaton sakuTari mosazrebebi maswavleblis SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT.

Cemi namuSevris Sesaxeb, maswavleblis romeli mosazrebaa CemTvis sruliad misaRebi?

maswavleblis Sefasebis romeli nawilia CemTvis gaugebari?

SemomTavaza Tu ara maswavlebelma is sakiTxi, romlis ukeT Seswavla gaaumjobesebs Cems Sedegebs?

risi gaumjobeseba unda SevZlo momavalSi?

aris Tu ara raime sakiTxi, romelic maswavlebelTan erTad unda ganvixilo?

moswavleTa Sefasebis rubrika

cxrilebis svetSi (horizontalurad) aRiniSneba Sefasebis kriteriumebi, xolo mis vertikalur svetSi jgufebis nomrebi (an moswavleebis saxelebi). Sefasebisas, kriteriumebis Sesabamisad, maswavlebeli yoveli jgufis (an moswavlis) win svams plius an minus niSans. magaliTad, ̀ molaparakebebis~ Temis ganxilvisas maswavlebeli imedovnebs, rom miRweuli iqneba standartis Sedegebi:

standarti

1.2.1 molaparakebebis unaris demonstrireba.

1.2.2. sakuTari metyvelebis damajereblobis demonstrireba.

Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavles SeuZlia:

1. molaparakebis gzebis gansazRvra;

2. mxareebs Soris Tanxmobis miRwevis gzebis gansazRvra.

18�


SefasebisTvis, am mecadineobaSi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT kriteriumebis Semdegi cxrili:

kriteriumebi

saxeli, gvari

ganmartavs molaparakebebis

mniSvnelobas

gansazRvravs molaparakebebis

gzebs

komentari

1

2

3

4

kriteriumebis cxrilze muSaobisas, maswavlebeli moswavleebis muSaobis Sesabamisad, dasawyisidan dasrulebamde, yoveli kriteriumis win wers plus an minus niSans. bolo striqonSi xdeba yoveli plus da minus niSnis ganzogadeba.

jgufuri Sefaseba moswavleTa mier

jgufis yovel wevrs urigdeba furceli, romelzec dawerilia bavSvebis saxelebi da Sefasebis kriteriumebi. moswavleebi afaseben sakuTar Tavs da megobrebs plus da minus niSnebiT.

# saxeli, gvari

kriteriumebi komentari

monawileoba ganxilvaSi

erTmaneTis mosmena

gaumjobesebis gzebi

1 moswavlis saxeli

2 megobris saxeli

3 megobris saxeli

4 megobris saxeli

5 megobris saxeli

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sasicocxlo unarebi

TviTSefaseba jgufuri ganxilvebis dros

mecadineobis msvlelobisas, maswavlebeli moswavleebs uTmobs dros sakuTari namuSevrebis Sesafaseblad jgufebSi.

kriteriumebi yovelTvis Cveulebriv xandaxan zogjerdiskusiis dawyebamde davazusteT davaleba

vmonawileobdiT davalebis SesrulebSi

sakiTxis ganxilvaSi yvela monawileobs

pasuxis gacemamde vusmenT Tanamosaubres

raime Sedegis miRwevamde gamovTqvamT mosazrebebs

diskusiis dasrulebisas vRebulobT saerTo gadawyvetilebaserTerTi Cvengani iwers yvela gamoTqmul mosazrebas

jgufSi sakuTari naSromebis TviTSefasebis Semdeg, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, maswavlebelTan erTad ganixilon jgufSi muSaobis gaumjobesebis gzebi.

4..gakveTilis.dagegmva

4.1.gakveTilis.etapebi

gakveTilis efeqtiani CatarebisTvis dagegmvis process udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. gakveTilis gegmis Sedgenis dros yuradReba gaamaxvileT Semdeg sakiTxebze:

gakveTilis Tema;

gakveTilis mizani, romelic momzadebul standarts unda Seesabamebodes;

saganmanaTleblo resursebi (wignebi, plakatebi, internetresursebi da sxva);

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romeli aqtivobebiT apirebT miznis miRwevas; aqtivobebis SerCevisas moifiqreT kiTxvebi, romlebic moswavles saSualebas miscems, Seadaros faqtebi, ganixilos, gamoitanos daskvna da a.S.;

moswavleTa organizebis formebi (individualuri da kooperaciuli muSaoba);

rogor SeafasebT moswavles? rogor mixvdebiT, rom gakveTilze dasaxul mizans miaRwieT? Sefasebis romel formebs gamoiyenebT?

warmatebuli gakveTilis dagegmvisa da CatarebisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, zustad ganisazRvros gakveTilis tipi, kerZod, rogor ganixileba Tema _ kerZodan zogadisaken (induqciuri), Tu piriqiT zogadidan kerZosaken (deduqciuri). dagegmeT gakveTilis TiToeuli etapi, SearCieT aqtivobebi da SeqmeniT gakveTilis Sinaarsisa da SerCeuli aqtivobebis erTiani logikuri jaWvi.

gakveTilis dagegmvisas dasviT kiTxvebi:

ra prolemaa yvelaze mTavari teqstSi?

ra sakiTxebia ganxiluli?

xom ar aris saWiro damatebiTi informaciis mopoveba?

ra saganmanaTleblo resursebia saWiro?

rogor unda moamzadoT samuSao furclebi?

ra kiTxvebs dausvamT moswavleebs?

ifiqreT SesaZlo pasuxebze.

I etapi: motivacia, problemis dasma

moswavlis motivirebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. sasurvelia, Tu yovel gakveTils samotivacio aqtivobiT daiwyebT. samotivacio aqtivobas ki advilad gansazRvravT, Tu kargad gaiazrebT gakveTilis TemaSi arsebul yvelaze mTavar problemas. problema yovelTvis warmoSobs mravalricxovan varauds. Tu varaudebis gamoTqmis procesSi moswavleebs CavrTavT, maTi motivacia gaizrdeba da sakiTxs ukeT Seiswavlian.

gakveTilis am etapze moswavleebi iwyeben msjelobas da sakiTxis ganxilvas, gamoTqvamen sakuTar mosazrebebs. isini aqtiurad iyeneben gamonaTqvamebs: `vvaraudob~, `me ase mgonia~, `mimaCnia, rom~.

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sasicocxlo unarebi

gTavazobT moswavleTa motivirebis efeqtur rekomendaciebs:

1. motivaciisaTvis arCeuli masala uCveulo da saintereso unda iyos;

2. moswavleebs saSualeba unda hqondeT, Tamamad gamoTqvan varaudebi da Seamowmon maTi siswore;

3. saswavlo garemo xels unda uwyobdes moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTobas;

4. maswavlebelma unda Seasrulos gezis mimcemis roli, dasvas kiTxvebi, romlebic moswavles fiqrisa da azrovnebisTvis ganawyobs.

II etapi: Temis Seswavla

gakveTilis miznis misaRwevad, maswavlebeli irCevs saswavlo aqtivobebs, romlebic moswavleebs daexmareba, ipovon pasuxi dasmul kiTxvebze. Temis Seswavla SeiZleba ganxorcieldes individualurad, wyvilebsa da jgufebSi. Tu moswavleebi muSaobas jgufebSi gaagrZeleben, SeiZleba Seasrulon sxvadasxva davaleba. mas Semdeg rac moswavleebi problemas gadaWrian, dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxs gascemen, isini prezentaciisTvis emzadebian.

moswavleebma SeiZleba warmoadginon:

Txzuleba, esse;

sqemebi, cxrilebi, grafikebi;

ilustraciebi;

maketebi, modelebi;

proeqtebi;

inscenirebebi;

simRerebi, musika;

krosvordebi da sxva.

III etapi: prezentacia

kvlevisaTvis gankuTvnili drois gavlis Semdeg, maswavlebeli amcnobs bavSvebs, rom dro amoiwura. amis Semdeg, moswavleebi warmoadgenen da Tanaklaselebs uziareben Tavis namuSevars. Tu

190


moswavleebma prezentaciis dros Seqmnes posteri, sqematuri an grafikuli namuSevari, isini namuSevrebs saklaso oTaxSi gamoakraven, raTa yvelas SeeZlos maTi gacnoba.

IV etapi: prezentaciebis/moswavleTa namuSevrebis ganxilva

am etapis mizania jgufebis prezentaciebsa da/an moswavleTa masalebs Soris kavSiris gamovlena. maswavlebeli ganxilvis process atarebs damxmare kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT; warmodgenili mosazrebebi mizanmimarTulad ganixileba. ganxilvisas SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma debatebic moawyos.

V etapi: Sejameba

prezentaciis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ajamebs davalebas, moswavleebi arkveven maT mier gamoTqmuli varaudebi gamarTlda Tu ara.

VI etapi: Sefaseba

Sefaseba unda mimdinareobdes konkretuli kriteriumebis mixedviT. es kriteriumebi moswavleebs winaswar unda gavacnoT.

saswavlo aqtivobebi mniSvnelovania saswavlo procesis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi. mravali saswavlo aqtivoba arsebobs da maswavlebeli gakveTilis miznebidan gamomdinare irCevs Sesabamis maTgans. warmogidgenT zogierT aqtivobas, romelic SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnas gakveTilis sxvadasxva etapze. sasicocxlo unarebis swavlebis safexurebia:

1. specifikuri unaris SerCeva standartidan;

2. SerCeuli unaris daufleba da ganviTareba;

3. unaris transferi da generalizeba.

1. specifikuri unaris SerCeva standartidan

maswavlebelma unda moiZios informacia SerCeuli unaris Sesaxeb; moiZios informacia, romelic asaxavs am unaris dadebiT da uaryofiT zemoqmedebas; waaxalisos moswavleebi, dagegmon unaris demonstrireba; moaxdinos mcdari interpretaciebis koreqcia.

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2. SerCeuli unaris daufleba da ganviTareba

moswavleebi axdenen unaris demonstrirebas, xvewen unars, afaseben mas. sasurvelia maswavleblis pozitiuri gamoxmaureba.

3. unaris transferi da generalizeba

sasicocxlo unarebis Seswavlisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba moswavleTa monawileobiT swavlebasa da maT CarTvas gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi.

monawileobiTi swavleba

monawileobiTi swavleba arismonawileobiTi swavleba gamoiyeneba, roca sagakveTilo procesSi xdeba

• moswavleze orientirebuli;• socialuri;• inkluziuri;• aqtiuri;• saxaliso;• mimzidveli;• iwvevs moswavleTa motivacias

• modelireba;• dakvirveba;• varjiSi;• gaazreba;• diskusia;• TanamSromloba.

5..gakveTilebis.gegma

Tema 1: rogor davamyaroT efeqturi komunikacia? (2 saaTi)

gakveTilis Tema – komunikacia

standarti: 1.1.1 efeqturi komunikacia

mizani:

efeqturi komunikaciis gzebis gansazRvra;

komunikaciis damabrkolebeli faqtorebis gansazRvra;

komunikacia, sakuTari Tavis wardgenis unarCveva.

meTodebi:

situaciuri amocana

ganxilva

roluri TamaSi

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resursebi:

samuSao furclebi, `flifCartis~ qaRaldi, markerebi, teqsti roluri TamaSisaTvis

gakveTilis msvleloba:

1. maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs gakveTilis miznebs

2. situaciuri amocana

maswavleblis instruqcia:

1. maswavlebeli xuT moswavles irCevs.

2. oTxi moswavle cota xniT unda gavides saklaso oTaxidan.

3. erT moswavles maswavlebeli uCvenebs mcire situacias JestebiT.

4. gareT gasuli moswavleebi saTiTaod Semodian saklaso oTaxSi.

5. moswavlem unda uCvenos Semosul moswavles situacia Jestebis daxmarebiT, is Tavis mxriv uCvenebs Semdegs da ase Semdeg.

sxva moswavleebi TamaSs akvirdebian.

rodesac maswavlebeli moswavleebTan daasrulebs davalebis Sinaarsis gacnobas, saklaso oTaxidan oTxi moswavle gadis;

imis Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli moswavlebis saSualebiT uCvenebs situacias, moswavleebs sTxovs, saklaso oTaxSi dabrundnen.

situacia, romelsac maswavlebeli uCvenebs moswavleebs: `diliT _ Zalian adre gaviRviZe, xelpiri davibane da visauzme~.

maswavlebeli usvams moswavleebs SekiTxvebs.

erTnairi situacia naxa pirvelma da bolo moswavlem?

ramdenad gansxvavdeba pirveli da ukanaskneli situacia?

SexvedrixarT cxovrebaSi msgavs situaciebs?

SesaZlebelia Tu ara, adamianebTan komunikaciis gareSe vicxovroT?

ratom aris rTuli zogierTi adamianisaTvis komunikaciis damyareba?

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ratom SeuZlia zogierT adamians komunikaciis swrafad damyareba?

maswavlebeli kiTxvebze pasuxebs ganazogadebs da dafaze `flifCartis” qaRalds akravs, romelzec weria komunikaciis ganmarteba:

`komunikacia _ es aris adamianebs Soris informaciis gacvlis, erTmaneTis aRqmis, gaazrebisa da gagebis procesi.~

3. jgufuri muSaoba _ ra unarebs unda flobdes adamiani efeqturi komunikaciis damyarebisTvis.

maswavlebeli aRniSnavs, rom warmatebul komunikacias mTeli rigi faqtorebi exmareba. iqmneba moswavleTa sami jgufi. yovel jgufs maswavlebeli urigebs samuSao furclebs, flifCartis qaRalds da markerebs.

davaleba 1.

maswavlebeli dafaze akravs cxrils. cxrilidan amoiwereT da qaRaldze dawereT yvelaze saWiro unarCveva, romelic xels uwyobs efeqturi komunikaciis damyarebas. maswavlebeli moswavleebs ganusazRvravs am samuSaos SesrulebisTvis saWiro dros. misalmeba, daintereseba, keTilganwyobileba, samarTlianoba, moxerxebuloba da gonebamaxviloba, mimikebiT, JestebiT, miniSnebiT «saubari», zrdilobianoba da taqtianoba, pativiscemis gamoxatva sakuTari Tavisa da garSemomyofebis mimarT, tolerantuloba, naklebad moZraoba, mxiaruleba, unarCvevebi, saubari, metyveleba.

jgufebi warmoadgenen sakuTar naSroms.

maswavlebeli prezentaciis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs ekiTxeba:

1. Zneli iyo efeqturi komunikaciis damyarebisTvis saWiro unarCvevebis SerCeva da SeTanxmeba?

2. ratom SearCieT es unarCvevebi?

davaleba 2. roluri TamaSi

maswavlebeli 4 moswavles roluri TamaSis teqsts aZlevs da sTxovs maT, patara scena gaiTamaSon mocemuli scenaris mixedviT. SesaZlebelia, dawerili scenari bavSvebs mecadineobis dawyebamde

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gadaeceT. es maswavleblebs saSualebas miscems, winaswar ufro guldasmiT da profesiulad moamzadon scenari teqstisaTvis.

teqsti roluri TamaSisaTvis

roluri TamaSis teqsti:

klasSi axali moswavle movida. sami Tve gavida da mas klaselebTan urTierToba kvlav uWirs, sul martoa. skolis Semdeg saxlSi rom brundeba, megobrebTan erTad fexburTis TamaSzec ki uars ambobs. sul kompiuterTan zis. programebis Seqmnac ki iswavla.

swored es biWi skolis derefanSi dgas Cafiqrebuli. bavSvebi mas yuradRebas ar aqceven, isini derefanSi wyvilwyvilad seirnoben. bavSvebi xandaxan Cafiqrebul biWs gakenwlaven:

salami, `profesoro~!

momSordiT!

rogor midis saqmeebi `swavlulo~!

ra Seni saqmea?

am dros, erTi moswavle Tanaklasels uaxlovdeba.

gamarjoba!

salami!

saqmeebi rogor midis?

ise ra, cud xasiaTze var. bavSvebi maRizianeben.

iqneb, erTad gvecada situaciis gamosworeba? Sen imdeni ram SegiZlia. neta, SensaviT vicode kompiuteri...

rogor fiqrob, sxvebTan saerTo enis gamonaxvas movaxerxeb?

ra Tqma unda. ici, ramdens unda, iswavlos kompiuterze vindousis gadayeneba? magram ver geubnebian. mgoni, SeiZleba problemebis mogvareba.

arc ki mjera.

warmatebis safuZveli sakuTari Tavis rwmenaa.

ar var winaaRmdegi. iqneb, gvecada?

wavediT, axla fizkulturis gakveTili gavqvs. Cven gundebad gaviyofiT da fexburTs viTamaSebT. Sen Cvens gundSi iqnebi.

me xom ar vici fexburTis TamaSi?

ar ici da gaswavliT! wavediT!

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roluri TamaSis ganxilva

TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs, ganixilon gaTamaSebuli scena. ganxilva Semdegi sakiTxebis garSemo mimdinareobs:

ra faqtorebi iyo roluri TamaSisas naCvenebi, romlebic komunikacias xels uSlidnen?

ris gamo darCa marto skolaSi axlad gadmosuli biWi?

Tqveni azriT, ra aris efeqturi komunikaciis yvelaze saukeTeso xerxi?

ratom Sedga komunikacia Tanaklaselebs Soris?

cxovrebaSi msgavsi situacia SegxvedriaT?

rogor gadagiWriaT es problema?

rogor fiqrobT, Sedgeba klaselebs Soris megobruli urTierToba?

davaleba 3. jgufuri muSaoba

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, jgufebSi Seavson cxrili

komunikaciis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi komunikaciis xelis SemSleli faqtorebi

jgufebi axdenen namuSevrebis prezentacias.

maswavlebeli dafaze wers yvelaze xSirad naxseneb mosazrebebs.

maswavleblis Sejameba:

maswavlebeli aRniSnavs ganxilvis dasrulebisas, rom sazogadoebaSi urTierTobebis gareSe arseboba SeuZlebelia. komunikacia adamians dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi exmareba. sityva adamianebs Soris urTierTobis damyarebis yvelaze efeqturi xerxia. amitomaa mniSvnelovani saubris dros sityvis swori, drouli da Sesabamisi gamoyeneba. naTqvami ar unda Seicavdes siZulvilis enis elementebs.

19�


davaleba 4. situaciaze muSaoba

maswavlebeli moswavleebs 4 jgufad yofs. pirvel da mesame jgufs situacia I urigdebaT, meore da meoTxe jgufebs _ situacia II. jgufebma Seqmnili situaciidan gamosavali unda moZebnon.

situacia I

Tqveni dabadebis dRe axlovdeba. klasSi Camoyalibda aseTi tradicia, Tanaklaselebi mTel klass iwveven stumrad ojaxSi. magram:

mSoblebs ar undaT Tanaklaselebis dapatiJeba, radgan maT miaCniaT, rom dabadebis dReze mxolod naTesavebi unda miiwvion. mxolod ufrosi Zma giWerT mxars.

am situaciaSi risi gakeTdes SeiZleba? Tqven rogor moiqceodiT?

situacia II

Seni megobri gakveTilebs sistematurad acdens, gakveTilze cudad iqceva. saswavlo weli ki 2 TveSi mTavrdeba. misi mSoblebi Zalian nerviuloben. is mSoblebs ar ujerebs. ginda, megobars daexmaro, raRac ginda moimoqmedo.

rogor moiqceodi?

3. jgufebi axdenen namuSevrebis prezentacias

jgufebis pasuxebis ganxilva.

maswavleblis gamoxmaureba

ganxilvis Semdeg maswavlebeli ambobs, rom Cven sakuTar Secdomebs xSirad sxva adamianebs da garemoebebs vabralebT. sinamdvileSi ki ar vacnobierebT, rom Cveni problemebis ZiriTadi da namdvili mizezi aris is, rom ar SegviZlia efeqturi komunikaciis damyareba.

urTierTobebSi xSirad iseT Secdomebs vuSvebT, romlebic komunikaciaSi xels gviSlis. viyenebT iseT sityvebs, azrebs da gamoTqmebs, romlebiTac sxvebs wyenas vayenebT. aseve, Seuracxmyofel zedmet saxelebs vxmarobT da Tanamosaubres vakritikebT.

garkveuli Rirebulebebis da unarCvevbis ganviTarebiT, am naklovanebebis gadalaxva SesaZlebelia. aucilebelia iseTi Tvisebebi

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sasicocxlo unarebi

ganviviTaroT, rogorebicaa: mosmena, Tanamosaubris gageba, sakuTari grZnobebisa da ideebis mkafiod gamoxatva, moraluri normebis Sesabamisi qceva, urTierTobis procesSi sakuTari emociebis gakontroleba.

Sefaseba

moswavleebis qmedebaze dasakvirveblad, maswavlebeli maTTan erTad adgens Sefasebis rubrikasa da kriteriumebs. gakveTilis bolos afasebs moswavleebs.

saxeli,gvari

kriteriumebi

efeqturi komunikaciis gzebis dasaxva

SeuZlia komunikaciis damabrkolebeli

faqtorebis aRmoCena

komunikaciis damyarebis unaris demonstrireba

1

2

3

4

gakveTilis mimdinareobis procesSi, maswavlebeli moswavleebis qmedebas akvirdeba da cxrilSi akeTebs niSans X

Tema 2: aqtiuri mosmena _ 2 saaTi

gakveTilis Tema _ aqtiuri mosmena

dro _ 2 akademiuri saaTi

standarti: 1.1.2 aqtiuri mosmenis unaris demonstrireba

gakveTilis mizani:

moswavle gaecnoba aqtiuri mosmenis arss da SeZlebs problemis gadaWris dros aqtiuri mosmenis rolis gansazRvrasa da gamoyenebas.

meTodebi: gonebrivi ieriSi, situaciuri amocana

resursebi: samuSao furclebi teqsti: `mosmenis praqtika” A4 formatis qaRaldi.

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plakati _ rodis varT aqtiuri msmenelebi.

gakveTilis msvleloba:

1. motivacia

maswavlebeli moswavleebs ukiTxavs sulxansabas igavs ,,oTxi yru“.

oTxi yru

sulxansaba orbeliani

erTi yru kaci iyo da xari dakarga. saZebnelad wavida erTi kaci Semoeyara. kiTxva dauwyo. Ture is kaci ufro yru iyo da viri Ture epovna. man xarisa vera Seityo. ase uTxra. viri Tu Senia, sapovnela mainc momeco! erTmanerTsa vera Seatyobines ra.

erTi cxenosani kaci movidoda da qali vinme gavas ujda. mividen masTan. aman amisi xarisa uTxra, man misi virisa. Ture is ufro yru iyo; egona: diacs marTmeveno. fici Tqva: coli momikvda da es misi moaxle ariso, sxvisas nu hgonebTo! verc erTma vera gaiges ra.

yadTan wavidnen, yvelam Tavisi saCivari Tqves. yadi Ture siberiT dayruebuliyo. ramazani iyo. es moCivarni mTvaris gamoCenis moambeni egona. Tqva: radgan mTvare unaxavn, naRaras kariTo! verc erTman vera gaiges ra.

_ awe, Cven, didni da patarani, yvelani davyruebulvarT, Tvarem ratom ar gvesmis, lamis igi yrma moklaso.

damxmare SekiTxvebi:

ras fiqrobT, ra moxda?

ratom moxda?

ra unda gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom gaugebroba Tavidan aviciloT?

gonebrivi ieriSi

ra aris aqtiuri mosmenas? efeqturi komunikacia?

maswavlebeli dafaze xazavs cxrils da Sesabamis grafaSi wers moswavleebis mier gamoTqmul varaudebs.

aqtiuri mosmena efeqturi komunikacia

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2. roluri TamaSi msmenelebi da oratorebi

davaleba 1

maswavlebeli moswavleebs wyvilebad yofs moswavleebi Sesabamis rols irCeven: erTi msmenelia, meore oratori.

oratori 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi msmenel mewyviles uyveba guSin ras akeTebda. msmeneli yuradRebiT usmens da erTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi man teqstis Sinaarsi unda gaimeoros. Semdeg wyvilebi rolebs cvlian da davalebas imeoreben.

davalebisaTvis gankuTvnili drois gavlis Semdeg, maswavlebeli moswavleTa wyvilebs usvams kiTxvebs:

ras ganicdidiT mocemuli davalebis Sesrulebisas?

ramdenad zustad imeorebdnen Tqvens sityvebs? am momentSi ras grZnobdiT?

rogorc msmeneli, sakuTari azrebis gamoTqmisas, orators riT exmarebodiT?

rogori gavlena moaxdina Tqvens komunikaciaze aqtiurma mosmenam?

davaleba 2

situaciuri amocana

orSabaTs, 18 Tebervals, daviTi qalaqgareT wavida da salomes Tavisi ZaRli dautova sami dRiT. salomes dedas ar uyvars ZaRlebi. salomes ar unda, rom daviTs awyeninos da arc dedis ganawyeneba surs. man mezobels dautova daviTis ZaRli da uTxra, sami dRis Semdeg moval da waviyvano. ramdenime dRis Semdeg mezobeli salomes dedasTan mivida da uTxra, saxlis kari Ria damrCa da salomes moyvanili ZaRli gaiparao. salomes dedam policiaSi dareka, miSveleT Cemi kata daikargao. am dros salome movida saxlSi daviTis ZaRlTaan erTad.

5 viwvevT moxalise moswavles. oTxi moswavle klasidan gadis. maswavlebeli klasSi darCenil moxalises da danarCen moswavleebs teqsts urigebs. Semdeg, 5 wuTi eTmoba teqstis wakiTxvas. drois gasvlis Semdeg, is teqsts abrunebs.

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oTaxSi erTerTi moxalise brundeba. mexuTe bavSvi mas mokled uyveba wakiTxul istorias. Semdegi mowafe Semodis, romelsac mosmenil teqsts uyveba meore. amgvarad, bolo moxalise teqsts uyveba mTel klass.

maswavlebeli waruZRveba diskusias Semdeg sakiTxze

ratom ver moxerxda ambis zustad gadacema?

3. maswavleblis minileqcia

teqstSi bevri zedmeti informaciaa, romelic tvirTavs mas da Zneldeba ZiriTadi da meore xarisxovani informaciis gansazRvra. sicxadisaTvis aucilebelia teqstis mniSvnelovani momentebis gamoyofa.

maswavlebeli aCvenebs moswavleebs TvalsaCinoebas, sadac aqtiuri mosmenis pirobebia mocemuli.

aqtiuri mosmenis pirobebi

unda iyo mzad sxva adamianebis mosazrebis misaRebad

yuradRebis miqceva

mizanmimarTuli mosmena

Tanamosaubris mosazrebis dadebiTad miReba

saubris gamococxleba vizualuri kontaqtiT

interesis demonstrireba

emociebis gakontroleba (dadebiTis, uaryofiTis)

ar SevawyvetinoT Tanamosaubres

gansaxilveli SekiTxvebi

1. aqtiuri mosmena rodisaa mniSvnelovani?

2. aqtiuri mosmena raSi dagexmarebaT?

3. Tu gakveTilis msvlelobisas raime ver gaigeT, rogor moiqceviT?

4. maswavleblis gamoxmaureba

aqtiuri mosmena aris ara mxolod informireba, aramed mosmena da gageba erTad. aqtiuri mosmenis procesSi, msmeneli srulad unda iyos CarTuli. aqtiuri mosmeniT Cven gamovxatavT sakuTar azrebsa da grZnobebs. aqtiuri mosmena sxvebisadmi pativiscemasac gulisxmobs.

201

sasicocxlo unarebi

Sefaseba

moswavleebi afaseben sakuTar CarTulobas sagakveTilo procesSi, maswavlebeli moswavleebs afasebs ganmaviTarebeli SefasebiT – komentariT.

Tema 3 garemoze zrunva da garemos dacva

(maswavlebelma jgufuri muSaobis dasagegmad SeiZleba gamoiyenos h. gardneris mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Teoria da moswavleebi maTi interesebis da unarebis mixedviT daajgufos)

gakveTilis Tema: ratom vicavT garemos

dro: 2 akademiuri saaTi

standarti sakuTari mosazrebebis damajereblad Camoyalibeba;

jgufSi muSaoba da wvlilis Setana;

mocemuli movlenis, situaciis, Sedgebis Sefaseba;

swori gadawyvetilebis miReba

mizani:

garemos Sesaxeb swori Sexedulebis Camoyalibeba;

garemosa da janmrTelobis urTierTdakavSireba;

garemos mimarT mzrunveli damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba;

garemoze zrunva da misi dacvis sawyisi unarCvevebis Camoyalibeba

meTodebi: gonebrivi ieriSi, diskusia, jgufuri muSaoba.

resursebi:

samuSao furclebi, wigni, markerebi, didi zomis furclebi. wigni da damxmare literatura, sadac saubaria garemos da adamianis jansaRi cxovrebis wesze (mag. moswavlis wigni tolerantobis programidan `Cveni ezos ambebi”)

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pirveli gakveTilis msvleloba:aqtivoba 1.maswavlebeli moswavleebs gakveTilis miznebs acnobs da ekiTxeba: vin icis, ra aris garemo? pasuxebi dafaze iwereba da maswavlebeli dafaze orsvetian cxrils xazavs. pirvelSi daajamebs da sagangebod gamoyofs iseT pasuxebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba moswavlis uSualo garemos (samuSao sivrce, saxlis garemo, skolis, klasis saTamaSo sivrce); xolo meore svetSi moaqcevs iseT pasuxebs, sadac garemoSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT miwa, haeri da wyali)aqtivoba 2. rodis aris garemos dacvis dRe? (pasuxi iwereba dafaze, _ rom es aris 5 ivniss).rogor fiqrobT, ratom esaWiroeba garemos (dedamiwas) dacva? aqtivoba 3. maswavlebeli moswavleebs ukiTxavs teqsts, sadac naambobia, Tu rogor daabiZures moswavleebma garemo eqskursiis Semdeg. iwyeba situaciis ganxilva: rogor fiqrobT, ra ziani SeiZleba moutanos aman garemos? ra ziani miadgeba TiToeul adamians?aqtivoba 4. maswavlebeli sTavazobs samuSaos wyvilebSi: rogor unda (SeiZleboda) moqceuliyvnen bavSvebi? iwyeba wyvilebSi Sesrulebuli samuSaos prezentacia.gakveTilis Sejameba, Sefaseba. maswavlebelma unda gamoiyenos jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis rubrika.

meore gakveTilis msvleloba;aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli axsenebs wina gakveTilis Temas da sTxovs bavSvebs, 4 jgufad gadanawildnen.jgufi 1. _ `Jurnalistebi” (verbaluri inteleqti da interpersonalebi) _ erTad amzadebs sagazeTo statias garemos sisufTavis Temaze.jgufi 2. _ `mxatvrebi” (vizualursivrciTi inteleqti da naturalistebi) xataven plakats, sadac erTze dazianebuli, dabinZurebuli garemoa gamosaxuli, xolo meoreze _ sufTa da movlili.jgufi 3. _ `aqciis organizatorebi” (maTematikuri inteleqti da intrapersonelebi) gegmaven aqcias, romelic eZRvneba dedamiwis dRes da amzadeben cxrils _ ra dasWirdebaT: resursi, dro, organizeba. aqtivoba 2. Sesrulebuli namuSevrebis jgufisaTvis wardgena.aqtivoba 3. monawileebi Sesrulebul namuSevrebs klasSi akraven da aTvaliereben. maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTils, esaubreba bavSvebs.

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sasicocxlo unarebi

Tema 4proeqti

proeqtis ganacxadis forma

proeqtis Tema/ saxelwodeba: Ramurebis gadarCena

a) problemis dasabuTeba/ aRwera ( ara umetes erTi gverdisa)

problemis gansazRvra (arsebuli situaciis analizi): gulisxmobs im konkretuli problemis aRweras, romlis sapasuxodac aris mimarTuli proeqti. ecadeT, kargad warmoaCinoT, ra problemis gadaWrazea orientirebuli igi da daasabuToT, ramdenad efeqtiani iqneba Tqven mier ganxorcielebuli saqmianoba.

Cven vakeTebT proeqts Ramurebze. maT gadaSenebis safrTxe emuqrebaT da 2011 weli Ramurebis wlad aris gamocxadebuli. msoflios bevri organizacia yvelanairad cdilobs Ramurebis gadarCenas, ara marto fuliT, aramed plakatebiT da bilbordebiTac. ra Tqma unda, Ramurebi ar gamoirCevian gansakuTrebuli silamaziT an sargeblobiT, zogi maT bunebis Secdomasac ki uwodebs, Tumca, rac unda uSno da usargeblo iyos, Ramura Cveni bunebis nawilia da xels uwyobs mis mravalferovnebas. Tan Ramurebs mcire sargebelic moaqvT: ikvebebian patara mwerebiT, parazitebiT da, cxadia, anadgureben maT.

Cven, adamianebi, yvelaze gonieri arsebebi varT da bevri ram SegviZlia gavakeToT. radgan Zlierebi varT, amiT ki ar unda visargebloT da xeli ki ar unda SevuwyoT romelime gadaSenebis piras myofi cxovelebis ganadgurebas, aramed, piriqiT, riTac SegviZlia unda davexmaroT maT da vecadoT, rom bunebas silamaze da mravalferovneba ar davakargvinoT.

b) proeqtis miznebi

gulisxmobs farTo, zogad debulebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu risi miRweva gsurT. proeqtis mizans unda warmoadgendes iseTi sasurveli garemos an pirobebis Seqmna, romelic logikur kavSirSi iqneba (mimarTuli iqneba) zemoT aRweril problemasTan.

Cven gvsurs, Cveni aqtivobobebis safuZvelze, sazogadoebis raRac nawili mainc _ romelzec xma migviwvdeba _ davarwmunoT, rom ar gaanadguron gadaSenebis piras misuli Ramurebi da TviTonac gadascen amis Sesaxeb informacia sxvas.

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g) amocanebi:

gulisxmobs konkretul nabijebs miznis misaRwevad. aq unda miuTiToT, ra amocanebis gadaWras isaxavT Tqvens proeqtSi miTiTebuli miznis misaRwevad. miznis misaRwevad SeiZleba daisaxoT erTi, ori an ramdenime amocana, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogoria Tqveni proeqtis specifika.

miznis misaRwevad vapirebT Semdegi aqtivobebis ganxorcielebas:

movifiqroT Sesabamisi devizi („slogani“);

movifiqroT logo;

davamzadoT kedlis gazeTi;

davamzadoT da gavavrceloT bukletebi;

davamzadebinoT da SeviZinoT maisurebi Sesabamisi warwerebiT da suraTebiT;

facebookze SevqmnaT gverdi Ramurebis gadarCenis mizniT (fan book)

d) proeqtis vadebi:

ra droSi ganxorcieldeba proeqti? rogor ganawildeba aqtivobebi droSi?

proeqti ganxorcieldeba Semdeg vadebSi:

„slogani“ – 2.05 –7.05;

logo – 2.05 – 7.05

kedlis gazeTi – 2.05 – 24.05

bukletebi – 15.05 – 24.05

maisurebi – 25.05 – 31.05

vebgverdis Seqmna – 17.05 – 20.05

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sasicocxlo unarebi

e) ganxorcielebis gzebi:

gulisxmobs kidev ufro konkretul nabijebs Tqven mier dasmuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad. ganxorcielebis gzebi aris procesi, romelmac unda upasuxos kiTxvebs:

1) `rogor?” _ rogor ganaxorcielebT Tqveni proeqtis amocanebs?

gavacnoT Tanaklaselebs proeqtis mizani da amocanebi;

daisaxos miznis misaRwevi aqtivobebi;

gadanawildes davalebebi moswavleebs Soris maTi SesaZleblobebis da survilebis mixedviT;

ganvixiloT da SevafasoT miRebuli informacia da Sesrulebuli samuSaos mimdinareoba;

ganvaTavsoT kedlis gazeTi skolis derefnis kedlebze;

davarigoT bukletebi skolaSi;

SevqmnaT vebgverdi Ramurebis gadarCenis mizniT;

vecadoT, movipovoT dafinanseba, romelic dagvWirdeba aqtivobebis gansaxorcieleblad;

davamzadoT maisurebi dafinansebis Semdeg;

vizrunoT TviTdafinansebaze dafinansebis armiRebis SemTxvevaSi.

2) `vin” _ vin monawileobs Tqveni proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi? ra aris maTi funqciebi proeqtSi?

proeqtis idea –

logo –

suraTebis damzadeba –

slogani –

kedlis gazeTis damzadeba –

teqsti kedlis gazeTisaTvis –

bukletis damzadeba da darigeba –

vebgverdis damzadeba –

20�


v) proeqtis samizne jgufi / vin miiRebs sargebels?

(damatebiTi cnobebi Tqveni beneficiarebis Sesaxeb sasargeblo iqneba ganacxadis ganxilvisas)

ramdeni adamiani miiRebs daxmarebas an raime sargebels?

daaxloebiT 200 _ 250

sad imyofebian es adamianebi?

Cvens skolaSi

z) resursebi / biujeti:

am nawilSi unda aisaxos ra materialuri, adamianuri, teqnikuri da sxva resursebi gesaWiroebaT proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis. unda Sedges biujetis cxrili (gaiTvaliswineT, Tu ver miiRebT dafinansebas, ganacxadSi unda miuTiToT, rogor moipovebT Tanxas).

proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa: qaRaldi bukletisaTvis _ 1 Sekvra _ 5 l. maisurebis SesaZeni Tanxa _ 156 l. (erTi maisuri _15 l.) formatis furclebi 5cali _ 8 l dafinansebis armiRebis SemTxvevaSi, igegmeba TviTdafinanseba.

T) Sedegebi / monitoringi:

ras miviRebT proeqtis ganxorcielebis Sedegad? rogor movaxerxebT proeqtis Sedegebis dakvirvebas? vin ganaxorcielebs monitorings?

proeqti ganxorcielda imisaTvis, rom adamianebi moufrTxildnen bunebis yvela warmomadgenels, miuxedavad maTi sargeblianobisa. SeinarCunon gadaSenebis gzaze myofi yvela saxeoba. momaval Taobebs dautovon floris warmomadgenlebi. proeqtis Sedegs daakvirdeba: (unda Caiweros, vin daakvirdeba).

207

sasicocxlo unarebi

proeqtis Sesrulebis ganrigi: es Tavi unda Seicavdes proeqtis droSi ganawilebul msvlelobas. (cxrili magaliTisTvis)

dagegmili aqtivobebis cxrili: I Tve II Tve III Tve

vadebi

1 Tve

vin ganaxorcielebs

aqtivoba resursebi

mosalodneli

Sedegi

2.05–7.05 aqtivoba 1. idea, „slogani“,

logo

damzaddeba „slogani“ da logo

2.05–24.05 aqtivoba 2. kedlis gazeTi

formatis furclebi

kedlis gazeTi gaikvreba skolis kedlebze

17.05–20.05 aqtivoba3. vebgverdis Seqmna

kompiuteri Seiqmneba vebgverdi skolis moswavleebs

15.5–24.05 aqtivoba 4. bukletebi

qaRaldis furclebi

daurigdebaT bukletebi

25.05–31.05 aqtivoba 5. maisurebi warwerebiT da

suraTebiT

maisurebi SeZenil iqneba maisurebi warwerebiTa da suraTebiT

208


gamoyenebuli literatura:

1 National Curriculum for secondary schools of Azerbaijan Republic” 30 October 2006, № 233

Which skills are life skills? http://www.unicef.org/lifeskills/index_whichskills.html

2 Haciyeva H, Musayeva Z. Education on based life skills. Manual for elementary school teachers. Baku.200� Z.Veyisova. Interaktiv learning: Educational resource. Baku 2007

3 Life skills curikulum for elementary schools http://az.wikisource.org/wiki

4 John S.Kendall and Robert J.Marzano “Content knowledge. A compendium of standards and benchmarks for K-12 Education” 199�

5 Virginia/USA Government Program of studies. Fairfax County Public Schools 1998

� Stephanie Wasta: “Teaching social studies” 200�

7 Montana office of public Instruction.(2000) Montana standards for social studies

8 History –social science framework for California Public schools .Edition with Criteria for Instructional Materials. Sacramento. 2005

9 Borich,G.D. Effective teaching methods. Upper Saddle River.199�

10 John U.Michaelis, Jesus Garcia . Social studies for children.A guied to basic instruction 199�

11 Peter Morterella,Candy M.Beal,Chearyl Mason Bolick.” Teaching social studies in middle and secondry schools” Ohio. 2005

12 Devine, Thomas G. Teaching studies skills.Boston.1987

13 Reading/Language arts framework for California Public schools .Kinde-rgarten Through Grade Twelve. Published by the California Department of Education. 1999

14 Marzano, Robert.J Reading Diagnosis and İnstruction.1987

15 Muijs, D. Reynolds,D. (2005) Effective Teaching: Evidence and Ptactice. Second Edition. Sage Punlication.

1� Gardner, H. The Multiple Intelligence and Learning Stile, 2002. NY

209

sasicocxlo unarebi

17 efeqturi swavleba Teoria da praqtika. gamocdebis erovnuli centri, kvlevis departamenti. 2010w.

18 rogor SevcaloT garemo: Zaladobis aRmofxvra skolebSi. evropis sabWo, UNICEF – Unite for Children. 2010

19 Bandura,A (198�)Social foundations of Thought and Action: A social cognitive theory: Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice –Hall

20 Action Control: FromCognition to Behavior. Heidelberg. 1985

21 Health Behavior and Health education, Theory, Researchand Practice. 1990

22 Brookfield,S. (1991) Developing Critical Thinkers: Challenging Adultsto Explore Alternative Ways of Thinking. Jossey-Bass Educational Series

23 Moore, D.K. (2009) Effective Instructional Strategies. Sage Publication Inc

wigni gamosacemad moamzada

gamomcemloba `ustarma~

Tbilisi, m. winamZRvriSvilis 119 tel: 296 40 81, 790 96 40 82

el. fosta: [email protected]

Tamar Wanturia - wignierebis eqspertifilologi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis mecnierebebis doqtoranti. muSaobda wm. giorgis saxelobis saero skolaSi qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavleblad; TanamSromlobs gamocdebis erovnul centrTan - qarTuli enisa da literaturis gamocdaze aris naSromebis gamsworebelTa komisiis wevri. aris dawyebiT klasebSi swavlebis Tematikaze ramdenime publikaciis Tanaavtori. TanamSromlobs ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier dagegmil erovnuli Sefasebis proeqtTan, rogorc wignierebis mimarTulebis eqsperti. aris Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis „qarTul enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programis“ mowveuli leqtori.

paata papava - wignierebis eqspertiganaTlebis eqsperti da wignierebis saerTaSariso trener-konsultanti. ganxorcielebuli aqvs saganmanaTleblo proeqtebi wignierebaSi, rogorc samTavrobo, aseve arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi. sxvadasxva dros iyo kiTxvis saerTaSoriso asociaciis (IRA) evraziis komitetis Tavmjdomare, kritikuli azrovnebis saerTaSoriso konsorciumis (RWCT IC) mmarTveli sabWos wevri. aris ganaTlebisa da wignierebis sakiTxebze statiebisa da meToduri gzamkvlevebis avtori, ilia WavWavaZis universitetis ganaTlebis fakultetis doqtoranti.

ekaterine korZaZe - maTematikuri wignierebis eqsperti maTematikosi. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris maTematikis eqsperti. wlebis ganmavlobaSi iyo skolebis kompiuterizaciis programa „irmis naxtomi“-s maTematikisa da bunebismetyvelebis maswavlebelTa sagnobrivi qselis koordinatori. monawileobda zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis maTematikis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis SemuSavebaSi. aris maTematikis swavlebis araerTi publikaciis Tanaavtori. muSaobs ilias saxelmwifo universitetSi leqtorad.

maia baqraZe - sasicocxlo unarebis eqsperti fsiqologi. socialuri fsiqologiis magistri. bavSvTa saerTaSoriso centris (ICC) warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi. britanul-qarTuli akademiis fsiqologi. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris, aqtiuri swavlebis saerTaSoriso treneri. Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis pedagogiuri fakultetis doqtoranti.

nazaket bahtiar mehdieva - sasicocxlo unarebis eqspertiistorikosi, muSaobda skolaSi istoriis maswavleblad. monawileobda azerbaijanis socialur mecnierebaTa erovnuli saswavlo gegmis SemuSavebis procesSi. 2009 wlidan muSaobs azerbaijanis ganaTlebis saministroSi da xelmZRvaneloebs erovnuli Sefasebis komponents. SemuSavebuli aqvs erovnuli SerfasebisTvis saWiro masalebi (testebi da kiTxvarebi), angariSebi moswavleTa miRwevebis Sesaxeb.samoqalaqo ganaTleba da kurikulumis SemuSaveba da ganviTareba Seiswavla amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis universitetebSi 2003-2006 wlebSi.

wignierebis, matematikuri wignierebisa da sasicocxlo...

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