VOLUME 1 FEBRUARY, 1937 NUMBER 4

Smelter Team Tops inFast Broomball League

These husky smeltermen "hit the ball"not only when they're on shift at CopperCliff. They also smack the spheroid withgreat vigour and excellent accuracy in sche-duled games of the Sudbury BroomballLeague.

Reverb, converter, and Orford depart-ments all contribute talent to the SmelterBroomball team, and it is an exclusivelyCopper Cliff lineup with the exception ofthree lads "imported" from last year'sBanker squaei ,-- The players-are:.-_ _

Back row, left to right, L. Maltby, 2ndline rover; D. Thyne, 1st line centre andteam captain; M. McGrath, 1st line leftwing; C. ^Menard, 2nd line right wing; J.Cation, 1st line right defence; E. Maynes,2nd line right defence; J. Dingle, 2nd linecentre; S. Wilson, team manager.

Front row, left to right: C. Griffin, 2ndline left defence; D. Liwellyn, let line rover;R. Carroll, 2nd line forward defence; R.Bain, 1st line right wing; S. Brooker, goal;C. Lane. 1st line forward defence; E. Des-roches, 2nd line left wing; Lafleur, 1st lineright defence. Missing from the picture isJimmy Sime.

Lane, Bain and Brooker are the triofrom outside the smelter. Pioneers of theclub, which was organized In 1934, are Mc-Grath, Thyne, Carroll and Maynes. Hust-ling Denis Thyne is president of the Broom-ball League, which he got started in 1934.

Under Steve Wilson's coaching eye theteam is perched confidently at the top ofthe league standing, and is determined tobe there when the final broom is waved atthe end of the season. Opposing clubs inloop are St. Louis, Canadian Creosote, Cana-dian Order of Foresters, Sudbury and SaultSte. Marie Regiment, Ryan Athletic Club.

Scheduled games are played on Tuesdayand Thursday nights at the Palace Rink inSudbury, and often as many as 400 fansturn out to watch them. Financing them-selves, the Copper Cliff entry get excellentsupport from its smelter pals, which theyhope will continue throughout the season.There's nothing like a good rousing cheer,now and then, to put the old pepper into abroomball player, or anybody else for thatmatter.

Saved His EyeAnother enthusiastic disciple of safety

measures, particularly in respect to thewearing of safety goggles , is IsaacLeClair , Copper Cliff smelter employee.Fortunately, LeClair's enthusiasm didnot date from the day after the accident.He was wearing his goggles at the time,and when a piece of Bessemer matteflew up to his eye while he was break-ing matte on a grizzly , the thick lensfully protected him. Here are the gog-gles, clearly showing what they savedtheir wearer.

Cliff JuniorsHave Strong Lineup

Head and shoulders above the NorthBay and Sault teams with which theyare playing a league schedule, CopperCliff Juniors are being groomed as aMemorial Cup hope by "Maxie"Silverman.

From last year's Cub Wolves the Cliffteam have Shewchuck, of Brantford,defence; Heximer, of Niagara Falls,right wing ; Edwards , of Sudbury, subgoal ; Zuke, of the Sault , right wing;Venturi, of Sudbury , right wing;Lemieux, of Sudbury , left wing ; Webster,of Sudbury , centre.

From last year's N.O.H.A. champs,South Porcupine, they drew Godfrey,defence, and Hamill, left wing , both ofToronto, and on the New York Amerksreserve list.

Albright, their goalie, is from Walkerville, but was in the district last year.Pat MoReavy, centre ice, halls fromOwen Sound and St. Michael 's College,and arrived last September . Frenette,defence, came from Nova Scotia lastOctober; Currie, Refinery left winger, isfrom Cayuga.

Hashie and McKinnon are fromCopper Cliff, and are spares at centreand defence respectively.

Wolves Soon WearyWith Eli on Their Trail

Any time you would like a nice wolfserved up, hot off the trail, just get in touchwith Eli Kiviaho, of Creighton Mine.

Eli picks off wolves like professors nabbutterflies.

Eli, who is 41 years old , has been atCreighton since 1910, and has worked at alltypes of jobs. Forthe past 10 yearshe has been amachine doctor.He's also some-thing of an inven-tor, but if he werea second ThomasEdison It wouldstill be of minorimportance com-pared with h isathletic feats.

E 1 i ' s favoritesport Is runningdown wolves. Hedoes this by trail-ing the wolf untilIt tires. The wolfe v e n tually stopsand howls, prob- Eli Kiviahoably in sheer exasperation. Eli then shootsI . He says that the wolves never turnand chase him for a change, but if they didhe says he would not stop to howl. Thisis where the wolves make their mistake,and a very foolish mistake it is, too, becauseEli is a crack shot.

Eli says it rarely takes him more than sixhours to track down a wolf in soft snow.He uses skis . He starts out in a likely wolfdistrict and just circles around until he getsa track . Then he Is off , at a tireless pace,and five or six hours later he has his quarry.The wolves around Creighton are reportedto be getting very tired of this sort of thing,but there isn't much they can do about it.

Naturally a man who is continually out-puffing wolves must be in first class physicalcondition . Eli keeps himself in shape byrunning, summer and winter. In winter heruns from Creighton to Copper Cliff andback , at least once a week , and the trip oneway is covered in 45 minutes.TROTTING FARMER

On a cool day in summer Eli runs out tohis farm near Whitefish, after his shift inthe mine is over. It's a distance of 17 miles,and he makes it in one and one-half hours.

When he bought his farm from the Com-pany one winter several years ago, Eli tele-phoned from Creighton to the office of oneof the Copper Cliff officials and said he hadthe money for the farm and would be rightin to pay it. The official said okay, hungup his phone, and almost as soon as heglanced up from his desk Eli was standingthere, not even breathing unevenly afterhaving hiked in from Creighton on his skis.

About four years ago, on the first of July,Eli decided he would give himself a littleendurance test, to see just how far he could

(Continued on Page 5)

NEXT ISSUE

According to the present schedule,Triangle will be published once eachsix weeks in 1937 . The next issue willbe distributed March 15.

Sharp ContrastIn Weather Records

Sudbury district denizens are comparingwith relief the balmy weather of the presentwinter with the frigid siege laid to theircomfort last year by J. Frost and his aides.

Just to refresh memories, it is recalledthat the average mean temperature fromJanuary 12 to February 23, 1936, was 3.4degrees below zero. During that period thethermometer reached zero, or below It,every day except three. There were 21 dayson which the temperature reached 18 belowzero or lower. The lowest recording inCopper Cliff was 32 degrees.

INSTITUTE INGREAT FAVOR

A nominating committee's slate ofofficers for 1937 received prompt andhearty endorsation at the annual meet-

I n g of theS u d bur yBranch, Can-adian Insti-tute of Min-ing and Met-allurgy, heldJanuary 9 inthe NickelRange Hotel.

The officersare: Chair-man, W. A.MacDonell,Coniston; sec-retary - itreas-urer, A. E.Cave, Gar-son; vice-chairman, G.

S. Jarrett, Copper Cliff; executive members,\V. E. Bawden, Frood; T. Austin, Coniston;H. W. Reed and E. H. Jordan, Sudbury; R.C. Mott, Falconbridge; S. R. Fredeen,Creighton; A. B. Yates, Copper Cliff; A. D.McKechnle, District.

The annual meeting took the form of abanquet, attended by more than 175.Speaker of theevening was Prin-cipal A. E. Mor-gan, of McGillUniversity, whosethoughtful ad-dress on "Free-dom" was thor-oughly enjoyed.

Reviewing acti-vities of the Sud-bury Branch dur-ing 1936, Secre-tary Cave report-ed five successfulmeetings with anaverage attend-ance of more than140. As a mediumfor explanation ofmining and metal-lurgical practices

A. E. Cave

in the district, and as a get-together formembers of these professions who other-wise may not come in contact with eachother, the Sudbury Branch of the Instituteis accomplishing an effective and verypopular purpose.

NEW GARSON RINKConstruction of a skating rink, 77 by 154

feet, has been completed at Garson, andfuture hockey luminaries of that miningcamp are making the best use of it.

Recently re-opened after a long shut-down, Garson can be expected to figure inthe sportlight with renewed vim and vigor,particularly in soccer, in which last seasonthey won the coveted Star Trophy.

FRANK STACK FLASHESTO NEW SKATING TRIUMPHS

Frood Athletic Association' s c o l o r sflashed to new triumphs during January asFrank Stack swept honors in various speed-skating meets. An outstanding triumph washis victory in the crack Paul Bunyan Inter-national Speed-Skating Championships atBemidji, Minn., on January 18. He won the220-yard event and placed second in thequarter-mile, the mile, and the two-mile, toamass a total of 90 points and annex themen's title by a margin over his nearestrival of 20 points.

Stack has collected something like 60trophies and 100 medals since he started hisspeed-skating career In Winnipeg, his hometown, at the age of 15. Now about 30 yearsold, he's still going like a house afire.

At present he holds three world records:the five mile indoor, 15.42 1/5; the 500 metre,the one mile. In addition he holds severaltitles picked up when he toured Europe in1933.

Some of the championships he has held:Wisconsin Outdoor Speed-Skating; IllinoisOutdoor; U. S. National Indoor; Dominionof Canada 220-yard; American South WestStates; City of Chicago Indoor (threetimes ); North American Indoor (twice);Chicago Daily News Silver Skates.

He was a member of the Canadian Olym-pic team performing at Lake Placid in 1932,end garnered 10 points for the Maple Leaf. FRANK STACK

page

DEC.

TELL TRIANGLEIf the "Tell Triangle" budgets seem

briefer this issue, readers are asked tobe indulgent . Many of our correspond-ents, scenting the "story of the year,"dashed off duty to cover the 'flu.Doubtless our next issue will carry sev-eral articles such as "Creighton NoseBreaks All Running Records," and"Copper Cliff Joints Full of Aches."

Port Colborne

¶ The many friends of Col. Bob Baker willbe glad to learn that he is making satis-factory progress after undergoing an appen-dicitis operation.¶ Miss Dolina Godfrey, one of our charm-ing stenographers, told us that her stockingwas well filled at Christmas. Among herpresents was a beautiful diamond ring. Bestwishes Dolina.¶ A number of the boys have admittedbuying a lot of hay and oats for Dyke'shorses lately, but a certain member of theSample Dept. has been more fortunate, Heclaims that Dyke paid for a new pony coatfor his wife.

A pretty wedding was solemnized onSaturday, January 2nd., when Miss MargaretPul became the bride of Paul Torok.If In the Welland Hospital at the presenttime are, Alex Laird, Urban Teal and DanDobrint. All are reported as making satis-factory progress.¶ Wm. E. Mayhew is retiring on pensionat the end of January after thirty-five years'service with the Company.¶ The "INCO" hockey team is leading theurban section of the rural hockey league.They recently played an exhibition gamewith the Port Colborne Seniors and weredefeated by only 4 goals to 3.¶ When the new electrolytic units wereput in operation on December 1st., the Com-pany fittingly recognized the years of ser-vice and careful, diligent attention to theirassigned tasks of W. Jarram, H. Swift, andW. Wegerich, by appointing them foremenof the, new department.¶ Born: To Mr, and Mrs. Henry Boyer, asun, John. Henry, who was formerly a shin-ing light on the local O.H.A. Intermediateteam, as well as the INCO A.A. entry, untilshift work interfered, says the young ladhas already developed a fair left wing shot.¶ Three of the bricklayers, Joe Byng, G.R. Cowper, and Pat. McKenna, while goinghome from work about 3.30 A.M. recentlyafter working 19 hours, noticed a fire in

Byng ran back to the Company' s gate tohasgive the alarm and Cowper and McKennaConbroke Into the house. Cowper carried outisthe two children while McKenna woke themeparents.by¶ Glenn Winger defeated Bob Cochrane intheten pin bowling for the Walter trophy, andboohas since defended the cup successfullyranagainst C. E. Wolfe.sele¶ The "INCO" five pin bowling team are

wearing new uniforms. VWhy go to Florida? - Archie Saville Yea

and Glenn Winger played golf on New largYear's Day at the Port Colborne CountryClub.¶ Capt. F. H. Lymburner, assistant to H.P. Roe in No. 4 building, has decided heneeds a chauffeur to keep track of his car.1Thursday morning was very wet and "Lym," 0.4rather than walk from the garage to No. 4building, parked his car near No. 4 office.At noon, force of habit led him to the gar-age. Moral:-Have a car in every port.¶ "Blackie" Hughes bemoans the snowless 0,3winter. Last year he did quite a businessshovelling driveways and thereby gettingfree rides to work. This year the roads havebeen quite bare, and "Blackie" has to pumpthe old bicycle.

¶ Anent the recent five pin bowling gamebetween No. 3 and No, 4 buildings:-No. 3building triumphs again. The pride of No.

holding back some of the winter chill torelease when July and August come around.Here's hoping he keeps on doing things bydegrees.

qT Miss Flora Lafrance, popular Conistongirl, has taken over the referee's bell asfar as J. McCabe, one of our hockey players,is concerned. They were married recently.The bridegroom's home is in Almonte.IT After several months' absence due to astubborn illness , Bill Warwick is welcomedback at the First Aid Classes, and Conistoncan now settle down in earnest to preparingto defend its championship laurels whenthe inter-plant tests are held in the spring.The local St. John's Ambulance experts havedefinite intentions concerning the new R. D.Parker Trophy,

Fond associations and happy mem-ories for many older INCO families arepacked into this picture of five Conistonold-timers , all of whom have passed totheir reward . Left to right they are:Michael Walsh , pensioner ; Denis O'Brien,postmaster from the founding of thetown until his death in 1935 ; SamuelKidd , old INCO employee; Frank John-son, pensioner , and Alex Colquhoun, pen-sioner. The picture was snapped at abirthday party given for Mr . Kidd byhis daughter, Mrs. Wm. Wright, now ofSudbury. Triangle is indebted to theanonymous contributor who sent italong.

Mr. and Mrs. W. McKee have returnedto make their home in Coniston. An elec-trician, Mr. McKee was transferred toCarson in 1931. Now he is back at his oldjob here, welcomed by many friends.

Library of 70 books, heartily appreciated,been added to the shelves of the

iston library. The local Library Boardalso taking advantage of the Govern-nt offer to augment their stock of books50 volumes each four months. Last yearBoard also bought more than 70 new

ks, and now members have an excellentge of material from which to make theirctions.The Athletic Association's dance on Newr's Eve was attended by one of theest gatherings in the history of the

0.2

4 building had their challenge of defiance 0 . 1hurled back into their teeth by those bowl-ing bulwarks from No. 3. Amid great cheer-ing and jeering Cote settled an ancient feudwith "Nipper" Wilson as to who is the bestbowler, while the other McQuire-coachedmen were hurling hardwood in all directionsto the discomfiture of the fuming four fromNo. 4. The final tally gave No. 3 a 424 pointmargin for the three games.

The scores:

NO. 4 BUILDINGNipper Wilson ----------- 151 151 141 443F. Lymburner ----------- 117 115 147 379H. P. Roe -------------- 181 115 166 462S. Augustine ------------ 149 200 170 519

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0.2

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JAN

clubhouse, and everyone had a full measureof fun. The official Coniston welcome tothe infant 1937 must have been clearlyaudible in Mexico City, Fort Resolution,and other points north and south.¶ Trading in Coniston hockey futures wasbrisk on the local exchange the morningof January 16, when news came over theticker of the birth of a second son to Mr.and Mrs. Verdal Price at Brockville.

Frood

¶ "Long John" Botsford has bade tearfuladieu to the Frood Survey Department, andhas teamed up with Federal Kirkland GoldMines. Another recent departure was WallySmith, one-time hero of the "Mainly forWomen" column, who went to Chicago totake a position with the Johns-Manville Co.as one of their Canadian representatives.IT Bert Souche and George Thorpe are inthe real estate news this issue. Bert hasblossomed into a bit of an architect, andif the completed house is as classy as theplans he's drawn for it, Sudbury has a newbeauty-spot in the offing. George joinedthe ranks of the land-owners, purchasingan enviable property on Douglas St.If Lou Rettic, former timberman on 2600,and Bob Smith, also of Frood undergroundfame, have joined the Efficiency Depart-ment staff.if Recent Frood weddings: Edward War-zecka and Mary Kreutzweiser, of Waterloo,at Sudbury on January 12, with Mr. andMrs. "Lefty" Esbaugh as attendants;Milton "Slim" Craddock and Marjorie AnneLaver, of Saskatoon, Sask., on Saturday,January 16, "Slim" being a motorman on2200 North; R. Goodate to Doris Teed, ofSaskatoon, Sask., on January 1.11 Recently arrived on the scene of action:To Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Hay,' on December8, a daughter; to Mr. and Mrs. M. Man-drescul, on December 16, a daughter; toMr. and Mrs. Douglas McLaren on January16, a daughter; to Mr. and Mrs. Joe Mac-Farlane, on November 16, a son; Mr. andMrs. H. Clemens, on January 18, a son.¶ Soccer followers will regret to hear ofthe nasty accident which happened to themother of the three Grassam brothers,"Perch," "Smiler" and "Bulldog," who needno introduction. Their mother slipped onan icy sidewalk in Toronto and suffered asevere injury to her back, spending severalweeks in Toronto General Hospital. Sheis now convalescing at "Perch's" home, andit is to be hoped the bracing northern airwill complete her recovery.¶ Frond's 1937 soccer prospects took adecided upswing with the recent arrival ofJimmy Winning from British Consols,Toronto, who will perform with us this year.Jimmy is a husky chunk of a lad, 5 ft. 10

Ie plays any of the inside positions. Inthe 1933-34 season he performed with BoltonWanderers in the English First Division.At the end of that season he hiked home tohis native Clydebank, Scotland , and therehad a hand in the building of the newMistress of the Seas, the R.M.S. QueenMary, He returned to Canada in 1935, andhas been with British Consols since. Greatthings are expected of him when he turnsout this year for the Frood,¶ The familiar and perennnially popularlines of "Paddy McGinty's Goat" are missing

TRIANGLE'S INDEX OF ACCIDENTPER 1000 SHIFTS WORKED

YEARLY AVERAGES

1930 1932

MON THLY AVERAGES

---------------

01^,Z

71936

598 581 624 1803

NO. 3 BUILDINGEli Cote ----------------- 128 235 205 568R. C. McQuire 124 133 188 445W. J. Cook -------------- 143 205 199 547H. Kern ------------------ 194 228 245 667

589 801 837 2227

Coniston

The friends who presented WeatherComptroller Jack Dale with a nifty newthermometer at Christmas, are ferventlywishing they had done so long ago. Theimprovement in climatic conditions is littleshort of sensational since Jack wasproperly equipped to keep his eye on themercury's antics. Everybody is delightedwith the system he has put into effect-

Within the INCO TRIANGLE

1931

FEB. MAR APR MAY

1933

JUN

1934

JUL. AUG

"How Are We Doing?"

FREQUENCY

1935

SEP OCT

1936

NOV DEC.

In only one month of 1936 did the monthly average of accidents-per-1,000-shifts-worked fail to show an improvement over the corresponding figure for 1935, and thatwas in December. It is only fair to say, too , that the mark for December , 1935, was thelowest monthly average since 1930. December of 1938 came along with the verycreditable figure of .97 accidents -per-1,000-shifts-worked, and you can trace for yourselfin the lower chart the substantial improvement recorded last year as compared with1935. Yearly averages, shown in the upper chart, illustrate 1936 's big gain over allother years. Will 1937 produce even better figures ? That's a tough assignment, but thehand-in-glove co-operation of all employees would make it possible . Do It theSAFE WAY, make EVERY DAY A SAFE DAY, and the Mining and Smelting Divisionwill go on to greater safety achievements this year. But every man must help!

FEBRUARY, 1`13't

from lower level lunch hours these days,what with Mike Doyle of 3100 convalescingat home following a serious operation. Hispals hope to hear his Irish blarney soonagain.¶ When Frood Mine trimmed the Falcons4-3 on January 6, a neat little prize of $50plunked into the lap of Ed. White, of 2600level, who picked off a pool organized bysome of the boys on 2800. Ed. would havesold his ticket for a song, five minutesbefore the final bell, with Falcons leading€-2, and he did some powerful holleringwhen the Frood turned on a last-minutesurge of power and pulled the match outof the fire.¶ Kitchener must have thought "OldHome Week" had suddenly been declaredduring Christmas, when this prominentFroodian delegation arrived back there forthe Yuletide holiday: Mr. and Mrs. "Bingo"Kampman, "Jit" Sprung, Eddie Wargecha,Jimmy Mead, Mr. and Mrs. "Lefty" Esbaugh,and Mr. and Mrs. Reg. Prior and thevarious little Priors.

Refinery

IT Interdepartmental bowling was resumedwith the first scheduled game on January14th. The Office team, bolstered by G. A.McFarlane's spectacular playing, took threepoints from the Shops, winners of the firsthalf.¶ Plans have been made for an interde-partmental hockey league to compete for theC. H. Aldrich trophy. Four teams have beenentered. "Fred" Sheridan, Acid Plant fore-man, is convener,¶ Mr. and Mrs. Herb. Cavers spent theirvacation during the holiday season at Wood-stock, New Brunswick. "Herb" reports thatAll's Well in the "herring choking" industry.

Born: -To Mr. and Mrs. Joe Mikelcic, onJanuary 7th., a son; To Mr. and Mrs. GeorgeButler, on January 10th., a daughter; ToMr. and Mrs, A. Egan, on January 15th., adaughter; To Mr. and Mrs. Jack Duncan,on December 17th., 1936, a daughter, MaryLee; To Mr. and Mrs. George Furchner, onDecember 16th., 1936, a daughter, NancyJoyce; To Mr. and Mrs. "Pop" Cote, on De-cember 28th., 1936, a daughter, Marie.

Bill Burden, 3-year-old son of W.Burden , anode casting foreman, chal-lenges his father's prowess as a hunter."Well, poppy," young Bill is remarkingto his dad , "Guess we'll donate the hornsto the Coniston Band."

¶ Among those missing from the NickelDistrict during the Christmas holidays:-W.R. Koth and wife, to Perry, New York; J. C.Bischoff, to Bridgeport, Conn.; W. Sander-son, to Toronto; C. Marshall and wife, toOttawa; W. Long, to Niagara Falls; J. Sey-mor, to Ottawa; J. G. MacDougall, to Dal-housie, Que.¶ We announce with pleasure a weddingwhich took place on February 1st, RaymondWatt, narrow gauge brakeman, to LauraCameron, of Perth, Ontario.¶ Married: "Nick" Koniuk, of the AnodeCasting crew, to Miss Polly Twardowski, onDecember 13, 1936.

Copper Cliff

¶ That famous knot was tied recently for:Victor Buisson and Edith Kimberly; MauriceBuisson and Beatrice Hearn; George Allenand Helen Carefoot, of Collingwood; WilliamWhiteside and Violet Rae; J. "Scotty"Stewart and Kathleen Savage, of Toronto.¶( Christmas and vacation were simultane-ous for Jim Parlee, who visited his homein Edmonton. Contrary to expectations, itwas Santa Claus, and not Aberhart, whocame down the chimney there again thisyear.¶ There are always knowing smiles whenour American tourist friends arrive in theseparts during the summer with winter sportsequipment. But the laugh was on BruceAllen when he took skis and skates toSouthern Ontario during the Christmasseason, and found everybody waggling golfclubs and tennis racquets.¶ Chicago and surrounding points werethe Christmas vacation haunts of BertMc Fee tors.¶ Morrow's Shift hockey team visitedCapreol Seniors New Year's Night andlifted a 3-0 decision with Rusty Abramsscintillating in goal.¶ Visiting over New Years in Montreal,Phil Sheridan saw his high school chum,"'roe" Blake, going at a great gait in theCanadien uniform.¶ Termed the "best yet" was the NewYear's Eve dance at Copper Cliff Club,which drew a record attendance. High-class novelties added to the evening's enjoy-ment.IT Triangle advertising pays, says HaroldTalbot, who announced in our second issuethat anyone supplying him with a deer'stail could count on a fine trout next spring.He's going to have to take a month off tofill the orders which have come in.

A bond to bring all departments ofthe INCO organization together, andto weld them in a realization of theircommon purpose, is the review of"The Nickel Industry in 1936," re-cently from the pen of INCO's presi-dent, Robert C. Stanley.

Here is a survey of vital, glowingachievement. Mr. Stanley looks atthe world industrial scene and findsnickel everywhere a leader in moderndevelopment.

Nickel flows in various formsthrough an increasing diversity ofchannels into the industrial processesof the world. But the significant fea-ture of the Age of Alloys into whichthe world is steadily moving, is thatit leads not only to an intensificationof activity in established industrialcentres, but also to an extension ofthis activity to remote areas whichhitherto have been commercially in-accessible. Points far into NorthernCanada and into the jungles of Africaand British Guiana are now beingtapped for their mineral or other re-sources by the use of aeroplanes forthe conveyance not only of men andsupplies but even of heavy machineryparts which can be assembled intomining and drilling equipment milesbeyond the present terminals of effec-tive surface transportation. In thisextraordinary development of modernindustry nickel alloys provide thevital parts for the aeroplanes as wellas for much of the machinery.

Nickel today is undoubtedly one ofthe greatest factors in the march ofcivilization.

This is the- nick l Whidlit""tYFide-partments of INCO produce. EveryINCO employee, from the minerbelow surface to the research anddevelopment engineer who discoversnew uses for the metal and encour-ages its consumption, can take pridein its record. The thousands of uswithin the INCO organization arenaturally primarily interested in ourjobs because they give us a comfort-able living and many extra advan-tages for the happiness of ourselvesand our families. But, over andabove that, there is a deep satisfac-tion in knowing that through ourjobs we are making a very definitecontribution to the happiness ofpeoples all over the face of the globe.

F

De lie MetallicaThe Triangle has received from

The Mining Magazine of London,England, kind permission to repro-duce some of the text and wood cutsfrom their 1912 edition of "De ReMetallica", by Georgius Agricola,translated from the first Latin edi-tion of 1556. The translation wasdone by Herbert Hoover, formerPresident of the United States, andhis wife, Lou Henry Hoover. A lim-ited edition was published, and copiesof it are now connoisseurs' prizes,one of which is in the library of Mr.R. L. Peek, Copper Cliff.

One must go back a great deal far-ther than 1556, of course, to trace thehistory of mining. Rio Tinto coppermine in Spain, recently in the newswhen rebel forces confiscated its out-put, is the "Methuselah of all knownmines." The first semi-authenticaccount of operations there datesfrom the eleventh century beforeChrist, when the Phoenicians tradedin copper made from its ores.

Lack of earlier descriptive mater-ial, however, makes Agricola's workinvaluable, and by publishing a seriesof articles comparing m i n i n gmethods of his time with those inpractice at INCO's famous Froodtoday, Triangle believes it will havea feature of much more than passinginterest. The series will commencein our next issue.

and supplies. Its headframe towers 175 feet the air. The long brick building theforeground Is the hoist house , and to Its right is the ohangehouse . Other surfacebuildings include the carpenter, machine, and blacksmith shops . Immediately behindNo. 3 shaft headframe in the photo is No . 1, the ventilation shaft , concrete lined andabsolutely fireproof. It has hoisting facilities for handling men in case of emergency,but Its chief duty is done by its two large fans which pump 360,000 cubic feet of fresiiXair into the mine every minute. In the right background is No. 4, an ore-hoisting shaft,which has a rockhouse similar to that at No. 3.

NICKEL ... AND ITS USESMODERN MIRACLE MAN

or How Sudbury Nickel Aids the Chemistto Work Modern Magic

One of the most interesting figures ofancient times was the alchemist. Workingwith such knowledge as he had and with abelief in the power of magic , the alchemisthoped to do such marvellous things aschange base metals Into gold and find acure for all the ills Of mankind . tJlrfortU w,ately, however, despite the fact that peoplebelieved for generations that alchemistscould perform miracles , alchemy was, on thewhole, a failure.MODERN MIRACLE MAN

Today, however, civilization has thedirect descendant of the alchemist, themodern chemist or chemical engineer, whocan do things which would make the oldalchemist stare in amazement . And today,well-informed persons say, the world Is en-tering the Age of Chemicals, for chemistrycan create materials and perform miraclessuch as the alchemist scarcely dreamed werepossible. Instead of magic, the chemicalengineer uses science. Where the alchemisthad little real knowledge, the chemical en-gineer has compiled an ever growing fundof valuable information. And instead of thecrude equipment and the meagre supplies atthe disposal of the alchemist, the chemicalengineer has the complex machinery andthe valuable materials of modern times.

One of the most valuable of these ma-terials, moreover, is nickel; for just as It istrue that there is scarcely an article in usetoday which does not owe some of itsquality to the chemical industries, so it istrue that there is scarcely a chemical Indus-try which does not make use of nickel orof materials processed In equipment madeof nickel or some nickel alloy. Thus, whereasthe old-time alchemist merely hoped to finda way to perform miracles, today nickel Isactually helping to perform what wouldhave been called miracles a few years ago.RAYON, CELLOPHANE, SOAP

To illustrate the chemical Industries andtheir use of nickel, one may take causticsoda, which most of us know as lye, andthree of the products which are made withit. These products are rayon, the artificialsilk from which articles ranging from under-wear and dresses to draperies are made;cellophane, which in a few short years hasbecome one of the most important packag-ing materials; and fine soap, including theordinary bar soaps and also shaving creams,soap flakes and the like. These productsillustrate how the chemical industries takeordinary substances like salt and wood pulpand transform them into a wide variety ofuseful and beautiful things. They also showhow nickel helps in almost all steps of theprocesses employed.

In the production of caustic for rayon,cellophane and soap, purity is the consider-ation which is, perhaps, more importantthan any ether; and the need for 'purityexplains, to a large degree, why nickel isused so extensively in this process. Nickeldoes not contaminate the caustic soda, andhence permits the manufacture of rayonwhich will take clear, light colors and whichwill be free from stains, of cellophane whichwill be perfectly transparent and of soapwithout stains and impurities. In additionnickel provides strength and corrosion re-sistance which make for strong, efficientequipment.

IN AT THE BEGINNINGCaustic soda is made from salt, and so

we find Monel right at the beginning of the

story because Monel is standard materialfor salt refining equipment. In the manu-facture of the caustic itself nicker andnickel clad steel are used for evaporators,heaters, pumps, valves, pipe lines, filters andsettling tanks. Nickel cast irons are used

-'for, caustic pipe llne+x- A11d°`itt - pumpsand other equipment.

The usefulness of nickel in the manufac-ture of rayon by no means stops with theproduction of caustic soda. Rayon Is madefrom wood pulp or cotton linters, which areforms of cellulose, by treating them withcarbon disulphide and caustic soda to makeviscose. Viscose Is aged in nickel-clad steeltanks and then pumped through nickel pipesto so-called spinnerettes. These spinnerettesare cup-like objects pierced with tiny holesthrough which viscose is forced to form thefibres front which rayon Is spun . The spin-nerettes, Incidentally , are made from anotherproduct of the Sudbury mines, platinum,which Is alloyed with gold.HARDENING BATH

Passing through the spinnerettes the vis-cose comes into a hardening bath whichneutralizes the caustic and regenerates thecellulose in the form of rayon fibres. Thishardening bath is contained in part of acomplex machine which picks up the rayonfibers and converts them into thread, andmany parts of this machine are made ofMonel to resist the corrosive effects of theacids used.

The production of cellophane Is similarto the production of rayon except that, in-

stead of being extruded through spinner-ettes, cellophane is put through a ho+'pell',the essential part of which consists of twoparallel lips through which the viscosepasses Into the hardening bath. The lipsare made of Hastelloy, an alloy containing alarge percentage of nickel. They are spacedjust far enough apart to make sheets ofcellophane of the desired thickness. Nickelcovered steel rolls and other nickel bearingmaterials are also used in the manufactureof cellophane.IN MAKING SOAP

The importance of nickel In the produc-tion of high grade soap may be seen in thefollowing outline of the soap manufacturingprocess: In this process purified oils orfatty acids, which are processed frequentlyin nickel-clad steel equipment, are placed inhuge soap kettles made of nickel-clad steeland equipped with Monei heating coils. Thencaustic soda is introduced and reacts withthe oils or fatty acid to form the soap. Nextsalt or salt brine is put in to "salt out" thesoap-in other words to separate the mix-ture into soap and glycerine. The soap isthen run off into crutchers and amalgama-tors, where ingredients for special soapsare added. These ingredients include color-ing matter, perfumes and the like. Thecrutchers are made of nickel-clad steel,while amalgamators have shells of nickel-clad steel or Monel and are equipped withMonel shafts and agitators. Other items ofsoap manufacturing equipment which aremade of Monel Include conveyors, salt hop-pers and chutes, brine pumps, brine lines,valves and fittings, slides, dies and partsof packaging machinery.POSSIBLE BY NICKEL

Thus we see another way in which nickelserves mankind. In the home nickel's ser-vice is direct nickel alloys like Monel,nickel silver and stainless steel come intothe house to lighten the tasks of the house-wife and to lend a fine white color to thedecorative scheme. In the field of communi-cations, also, nickel's service Is often direct,for nickel alloys are present in telephones,radios and other communications devices.The same is true of transportation, wherenickel is used to give strength and to helpreduce the weight of automobiles, railroadtrains, ships and aeroplanes. But in thecase of these chemical products, nickel'sservice is indirect. We do not actually usethe nickel ourselves, but nickel has, never-theless, made it possible for us to enjoy thesilken beauty of rayon, the sanitary andornamental qualities of cellophane and theluxury of high grade soaps.

NICKEL LITERATUREIn the library over Copper Cliff Town

Hall "The Triangle" has arranged to placecurrent issues of a wide variety of publica-tions which describe nickel's Interesting pro.gress in world, industry. These will beavailable 'to all tNCO employees for studyor reference during library hours, which arefrom 1.00 to 10.00 o'clock, p.m., every dayexcept Sunday.

Not only current issues, but also neatlybound volumes of numbers reaching back to1929, are included in the flies of the INCOMagazine, chronicle of the march of thenickel alloys. Written in language thatany layman can understand, the INCOMagazine today has a circulation of some25,000 copies.

Many INCO employees are keeping theirown files of "The Triangle," but for thosewho do not, the Copper Cliff Library willhave a complete set.

Other nickel literature on hand will be"The Silvery Kitchen," of particular interestto housewives; "Nickel Cast Iron News,"published In the interests of the producersand users of cast iron; "White Metal NewsLetter," devoted to news concerning whitemetals or alloys containing white metals;' Nickelsworth," which is distributed regul-arly to their customers by the suppliers andusers of Monel Metal and Rolled Nickel;"Monel News," which pictures recent im-portant installations of Monel Metal; "NickelSteel Topics," published in the interests ofproducers and users of nickel steel.

Almost all the 1937 automobiles are nickel-bearing vehicles . Not so well known tothe general motoring public perhaps as such subjects as streamlines Is the importanceof the new alloys now being used in automotive construction , Including an increasingnumber and variety of nickel steels . These are among the fundamental reasons for theincreased ruggedness, stamina and longevity of modern cars. The salt deserts of Utahhave become increasingly popular as a species of mechanical torture chamber , where thecars receive exhaustive tests , Including continuous runs of 2 ,000 miles at top speed, or24 hour speed trials . The photo shows the test camp and desert speedway at $opaevilleFlats, Utah, where one well-known make which uses nickel extensively was proved Inofficial tests before being shown to the public.

Page 4 Within the INCO TRIANGLE FEBRUARY, 1937

Keen Competition As Shift Hockey UnderwayNINE TEAMS TIGHT RACEAT THE CLIFF ";am J AT CONISTON

When the season's final carnival is stagedat Stanley Stadium, and the moment comesfar presentation of trophies, will it beCaptain Howard Murray of the Orford Aceswho steps forward to accept the Cochrane-Dunlop Shift League Trophy on behalf ofhis team?

Eight other squads now entered in thisannual Copper Cliff puck-and-hickoryscramble most emphatically state that it willnot be Captain Murray, nor anyone evenremotely resembling him. And so the shiftyShift League plunges headlong into anotherhard-fought schedule, compared with whichthe Spanish struggle pales into shoddyinsignificance.SURPRISE VICTORY

Frank Wolfe's Orford Aces copped theShift League laurels last year, althoughBowman's concentrator team was in topspot at the end of the schedule. The Bow-man outfit fell before the fourth-placeAcheson line-up in the playdowns, and thenAces put the skids under Acheson's men.

Aces return to the tussle this season withpractically the same line-up, and run upagainst eight strong clubs which will givethem some fancy arguments in their bidto repeat their 1936 triumph.

The other Orford building team in theloop is a wicked combination from theSpalding and Trotter shifts, under themgntorship of Jack Wilson. A last-minuteentry, and probably one of the darkest ofdark horses, this team had not picked itsfinal line-up when Triangle closed its formsfcr the press.

3 CONVERTER TEAMSFrom the converter building comes Alf

W'ulff's shift squad, stronger and moredetermined than ever, and another strongconverter team represents a combination ofDubery's shift and also Sid Smith's shiftin the reverb department, with J. Morrisonin the coach's seat. The third converterdepartment aggregation is the well-pacedMorrow shift line-up.

Only team recruited entirely from thereverb department is the Hughie Johnsonshift, with M. Bennett as coach and H.Moore holding the managerial reins. Otherreverb players, from the Somers shift,however, are. included- in the,,Jkn Par-leeconcentrator crew, as well as on the Duberyteam as mentioned above.

BOWMAN IS BACKIvan Bowman's brigade from the con-

centrator are once again in the thick of thescrap, and promise an entirely differentverdict from that of the 1936 playdowns.Equally prepared for emergencies is thecrushing plant crew of huskies, master-minded by the old Silver Fox himself, JimCloss.

No Nickel Belt league talent is eligiblefor the Shift League, which means thatthis loop provides hockey for more than100 who would otherwise be "born to blushunseen and waste their talents in thebleachers," The loop is operated by theCopper Cliff Athletic Association, and comesunder the hawk-like eye of Thomas "FrankCalder" Birney.

THE LINE-UPS:

This was the way the line-ups looked atthe start of the schedule on January 18:

Orford Aces: Goal, E. PaPierre; defence,G. Orasi, L. Scanlon, Wm. Thornton, H.Hickey; centre, H. Murray, A. Giacometti,D. Halanen; right wing, H. Mahoney, O.Dickey, J. Ranta; left wing, B. Stewart, R,Johnson, W. Vaillancourt, E. Patterson.

Dupery (Smith): Goal, R. Klem; defence,K. Madill, D. Cameron; left wing, S. Lav-erin; centre, L. Duggan; right wing, D.Corelli; subs, D. Salhani, W. Reid, E. Ranta,S. Godin, J. Murray, J. Morrison, A.Gervais.

Morrow : Goal, Rusty Abrams; defence,Jack Turnbull, Robert Klein, Phil Sheridan,Lloyd Edwards; forwards, Jack Gladstone,G. Corelli, George Roque, Eddie LeBlanc,Jack Carty. George Walker, Herb Sands.

Wulff: Goal, G. Fritz; defence, W.O'Donnell, H. Gilbert; centre, S. Ryan; rightwing, R. Gegear; left wing, W. Davis; subs,L. Sleaver, W. O'Brien, R. Gallacher, R.Cooper, J. Scanlon, 1. Lemieux.

Johnston: Goal, R. Taylor; defence, R.Upton (captain), B. Brazier; centre, L.Bennett; right wing, J. LeBlanc; left wing,J. Smith; subs, R. Lund, S. King, W.Jackson, J. Seguin, T. Murphy.

Parlee (Somers): J. Mazzie, D. Cooper,Scanlon, G. Maybie, Lathonen, Ramsay,Greenleaf, G. Morrison, R. Trezise, E.Richardson, F. McKain, S. Pitchford, R.Scott, J. Parlee.

Bowman : Goal, J. French; defence, G.Hutchison, T. Scanlon, J. Heath; centres,F. Stevens, O. Godin; left wings, M.Edwards, S. Dice; right wings, W. Webster,A. Armitage. Other prospects, H. Mont-gomery, J. Pappin, O. Medlock.

Closs: Goal, Rutta; defence, MacKay,Eioliston; centre, Millar; right wing, Shaw;left wing, Burnside: subs, Sheridan, Elliott,Arthurs, McEnilt, Carson, Montgomery.

Even allowing for brothers, cousins, etc.,it is obvious that this first draft of teamscontains several repetitions of names, whichwould indicate that there is some high-pressure trading and bartering to be donehafor'^ she line-,,n--

Defend Shift League LaurelsOut to bag another Shift League Championship are Frank Wolfe's Orford Aces,

1936 winners of the Cochrane -Dunlop Cup . This year they are faced with league oppo-sition from eight fast clubs, and if they are successful in the Copper Cliff playdownsthey will still have to handle a challenge from the Coniston Shift League champs beforethey really rule the roost. With a few exceptions the Aces have the same club thisseason as they had in 1936. Photograph is of the latter , as follows : Back row, left toright : D. Butchart, F. Wolfe, A. Simmons , G. Giacometti , B. Stewart, O. Dickie, W.Adair, E. PaPierre, H. Mahoney , H. Murray, P. Samson, W. Chapman, T. Crothers;front row, left to right, L. Scanlon, B. Piccini, G. Orasi, R. Johnson, B. Montgomery,C. Patterson.

Regan Serene AboveCreighton's Calamities

There should have been tears in BillRegan's eyes-tears as big as hen's eggsand twice as fresh-because we were talkingabout the Creighton hockey team's injuries.

Ah, there is a tale to start any stout-hearted coach cutting out paper dolls. FirstHolt, the big and burly defence man, brokehis wrist. Then Art Silver, ace goal-getter,broke his arm; then Mickey McGlashen dis-located his shoulder; then Stu Smith pickedup a concussion of the brain and an eyeinjury; then Dotten smashed his hand; thenMickey McGlaahen_, umped._hack.. ontn._2ha..mourner's bench with three broken ribs.IT STARTED EARLY

That's the way it's been with Creightonright since the start of the season, when,as the first instalment of grief, they discov-ered that three of their players, Thompson,Saxberg and Higginbottom, had decided tohook up with other clubs.

Figuring it out on the basis of develop-ments to date, it looks as if Creighton hasa fair chance of getting a full club onto theice in time for the Dominion Day celebra-tions. Which, of course, runs them rightsmack into the firecracker and sunstrokedanger season.

But these world-champion connoisseursof calamity are still very much in the NickelBelt race, and doggedly refuse to be countedout on hospital decisions before the mainbout takes place. And Citizen Regan'soptics, even though all the laws of precipi-tation and human endurance cry nay, arestill as dry as the proverbial bone. In factevery extra load of hard luck puts moresparks into them, instead of tears.

Of course Bill Regan has been throughthe hockey racket from corn flakes to caviar,and a hockey player sort of gets used tobeing bumped around, both mentally andphysically.

Bill was born in Creighton in 1908, andattended public school there. Then, whenhe was 11, he was shipped away to St. Jer-ome's, at Kitchener, and from there natur-ally gravitated to St. Michael's College atToronto.WITH ST. MIKE'S

It was at St. Mike's, famed spawningplace of hockey stars, that Bill first really

TtTTT T?i RAN

Despite "June in January" weather whichhas been hard on ice-makers, Coniston'ssmelter hockey league has seen some dizzyaction this season.

At this writing Bill Johnston's Shopssquad are out in front of the pack with fourwins and no losses, and have their opticsglued on titular honors. Stevenson's Shift,last year's champions, had an elegant chanceto slide into first berth with a goodly mar-gin on the night of January 18, when theytangled with the Day Shift. The latter, how-ever, despite the fact that they ha& notscored a victory in two previous starts,turned on all their power and chalked up a6-4 win over the 1935-36 top-dogs. This wasa 4-point game, including a postponedfixture.

Stevenson's lineup accordingly remains insecond place with 4 wins and 2 defeats forS points; McMullen's Shift is third with 3

I

wins and 3 defeats for 6 points; Day Shiftis fourth with 4 points, and Geoffrey's Shiftoccupies the unenvied and inglorious cellarposition.

Later in the season the Coniston Leaguechamps tackle the victorious team in theCopper Cliff Shift League, in a playdown forthe Cochrane-Dunlop Trophy.

Here are the Coniston lineups:Stevenson's Shift : A. Rivard, G. Bloeman,

E. Dunn, B. LaFrance, F. Caverson, B.Plouffe, Leo Olivier, P. Rainville, D. Chezzie,E. Halvorson, G. Evershed, J. McMenamin,A. Legault, R. Potter. Manager, A. Blake;coach, J. Ismay.

Geoffrey 's Shift : E. Stewart, K. Mont-gomery, C. Olivier, M. Olivier, B. Steele,Jno. Rapsky, Jos. Rapsky, E. Paradis, W.Buehowski, V. Martin, C. Nesbitt. Managerand coach, H. Conlon.

got into the game. He played three years Iof Junior O.H.A. there, and in 1926 was onthe ice for his school in the playdown againstNewmarket, when 8,500 people jammed theMutual St. arena to shatter all existingJunior O.H.A. attendance records. St. Mike'swon the Prep School championship twice ina row while he was there, and he doubts ifthey've lost it since.

The season of 1928-29 Bill was with Kirk-land Lake in the Gold Belt loop, along withBob Gracie and other future satellites of the

..hockey- firmament Raltiy Ntu thcc^tt waR .playing for Hafleybury that year.

Eddie Powers, Boston Bruin scout, spot-ted Citizen Regan as a very likely gent forbig-time defence purposes, and promptlygot his John Henry on a two-year contractin the Canadian-American League. Billstayed with Boston half a year. The follow-ing February he was sold to Lester Patrickof the New York Rangers, and a boyishdream had come true.

BIG BROTHER CHINGIt was some thrill for the Creighton kid

to line up on defence beside Ching Johnstonand bust 'em high, wide, and handsome fordear old Patrick. The Cook brothers, Keel-ing, Dillon, Siebert, Frank Boucher, Mur-dock, and other great players were on theroster too, but it was Johnston whom Reganwanted to know.

Ching took Regan under his wing, taughthim a bag of tricks. Local fans see Billon defence with his stick stuck out in hisright hand and his left arm out and for-ward on the other side. That's the typicalJohnston stance as opposing forwards sweepin on the goal. About the only Johnstoncharacteristic that Bill didn't pick up wasChing's gleaming bald pate.

The second year he was with the Ran-gers, Citizen Regan got his steering mech-anism bawled up one eventful night, andran bang into Citizen Dit Clapper's elbow.Citizen Clapper, be it known, has a verysharp and sound elbow, and when theyhauled Creighton William to his feet, hisnose was broken in eight places. He wasout of the game six weeks.

In 1932 the Rangers and the Amerksjoined forces to sponsor a team in theBronx, hoping to open the way for a thirdNew York franchise which would operateat the Coliseum. Regan was transferred tothe defence of the new club, which playedin the Can-Am loop, but although theyreached the finals and made a first-classshowing, the scheme fell through.

ON AMERK LINEUPThe following year Bill went to Spring-

field, the Ranger farm, and at Christmasjumped to New Haven. He finished up theseason under a contract with Red Dutton'sNew York Americans, who were then sport-ing talent like Roy Worters, Norm Hines,Johnny Sheppard and Bill Bridges.

In the fall of 1933 he went to Syracusefor three months along with Schriner, nowone of the leading marksmen in the game.After that there were brief sojourns withBuffalo and Cleveland, and Citizen Reganopined it was a bit tiring to have Rangersand Amerks swapping him all over theplace, so he headed for home.

Back in Creighton he was Immediatelydrafted into coaching service, although itwas two years before he could get his ama-teur card back. This season sees him inthe harness again, as playing coach. Some-times opposition teams are hardly to beblamed If they think he's more like a play-ing express train than just a playing coach.

In the summer time he often plays golfagainst Charlie Langlois, of Frood. Thiskeeps him hopped up from one hockey sea-

CU1L' o c-p in book.

Machine Shop : J. Stacey, M. Wajciechow-ski, G. Cherbot, J. Bloemen, A. Stocker, J.Lowen, H. Benoit, O, Benoit, V. Baldesera,A. Gobbo, D. Cresswell, C. Bray, J. Baggio,K. Barrizzol, A. Eastwood. Manager andcoach, Bill Johnston,

McMullen Shift : A. Bourjeous, A. Rain-ville, D. Dickson, E. Strong, A. Farrel, P.Leclair, T. Olivier, H. Cresswell, B. Benoit,E. Leclair, J. Williams, R. Pilon, E. Modesto,U. Leduc, O. Jervais. Manager and coach,Bill McLaughlin.

Dad Mfft` SffeIT "13Tt1^; 'N""'1r,zrnel .Rivard, F. Forestell, C. Bryce, B. Evershed,F. Caverson, H. Fitzgerald, F. Leclair, T.Storzuk, B. Baby, J. Gobbo, E. Olivier, S.Hasilchuck. Manager and coach, W. B.Walker.

ORCO PICKSPLANT TEAMS

With F. Sheridan as convener, OntarioRefinery Athletic Association are gettingthe decks cleared for action in a PlantHockey League which promises many atorrid argument before the season is con-cluded.

Tentative line-upa reported to Triangle byJack Grimes before the league schedule wasdrafted, were as follows:

Tank House, Silver Refinery and AcidPlant : M. Chomyshyn, coach and manager;F. Cecutti, G. Boivin, C. Bilinsky, W. Solo-mon, B. Caswell, D. Betts, E. Brunette, J.

I Shiels, W. Olson, J. Duncan, F. Faught.Stores, Office, Laboratory and Research:

Ken Clarke, coach and manager; D. Mac-Arthur, Pete Nazar, Phil Nazar, C. Keegan,J. Crawford, R. Llpscombe, L. Thompson,G. Wickenden, J. Aurie, L. Roy, I. Keegan,C. Wood, J. Gordon.

Yard and Casting: J. Bernard, coach andmanager; L. Tulloch, assistant coach andmanager; B. Benard, H. Greenwood, S.Ramsay, J. Latreille, C. Matthews, H.Thornton, R. Hammond, E. Sutherland, R.Millar, J. Leigh, E. Bernard, C. Mills, R.Sinclair, A. Stewart, D. L. McKinnon.

Shops and Power: Punch McDougall, E.Baird, P. Coulombe, Moose Watts, L.Desilets, E. Belfrey, T. Quigg, L. Fournier,E. Phillips, E. Adcock, V. Tupling, coach;Ken Wilson. T. Smuck, R. Cooke, R. Blong,R. Price, G. Renaud, C. Bell, D. Paquette.Bill Wickenden, W. Gerrish, M. Shoveller,manager.

Crane Wheels AreNot Good Hoops

Two men had to take an 18-inch cranewheel from the plate shop to the hydraulicpress in the machine shop at OntarioRefinery.

Instead of properly placing an iron barthrough the wheel so that they could carryit safely between them, they rolled it alongthe floor.

When it struck the narrow-gauge trackit slipped sideways, and fell on the left footof one of the men, fracturing the large toein two places.

There is nothing particularly pleasantabout a fractured toe, and, what was more,the employee had to lay off work for 10 days

FEBRUARY, 1937 Within the TNCO TRIANGLE Page 15

Five INCO Goalies Pick League'sMost Dangerous Scoring Threats

HEALY FORSYTHE

"What three men give you the most griefout there on the ice?"

That's the question Triangle put to thefive INCO goalies in the Nickel Belt HockeyLeague, and interesting were the answers.

The boys differed widely on some of theirselections, but they were entirely In accordas far as Goalies' Public Enemy No. 1 isconcerned. For this enviable distinction JimDewey, of Frood, drew four votes of a pos-sible four. Perched atop the league scoringheap at the time of writing, with 10 goalsand 9 assists for 19 points, Dewey's goal-getting record indicates why he is the petheadache of the loop's net-minders.

The next most popular Goalies' Menaceis Stu Smith, Creighton winger, who, al-though rating only fifth place in the leaguescoring race at this writing, drew three outof a possible four votes as one of the peski-est people in the current N.B.H.L. edition.

HEALY PICKS 'EMFirst goalie approached for selections was

Ant Healy, who guards the twine for Conis-ton but does his laboring at Frood. Trianglefound him in the warehouse on 2400 level,and popped the question. Ant handed out apowder ration to a visiting blaster, thenwent into a mental huddle and finallyemerged with his choices. "The three playersI find hardest to stop," he said, "are Smith,left winger for Creighton; Jim Dewey, centreice man for Frood, and Art Stuart, leftwinger for Falcons."

"Smith," Ant continued, "shoots withoutgetting set, and I find it harder to follow thepuck when it comes from his stick. Deweycomes in with his head up, and after a fakeand three or four shifts, he slides the puckInto the net unless I happen to beat him.Dewey is to me the hardest man in theleague to stop. Art Stuart comes in fast,makes a shift, and places his shot betterthan most players. He often flips the puckrather than shooting it, and picks some open-ing usually high and out of reach."

BAD-MAN MARSHALLTriangle located Clark Burlingham,

spunky and loquacious little Refinery goal-keeper, in the carpenter shop over in CooneyWood's bailiwick. Clark was nursing a sorejaw, having only recently parted with sev-eral of his best front teeth when a chanceshot from Charlie Marshall's stick caughthim on the mouth during a practice session."I guess the most dangerous man out thereas far as I'm concerned," he said with a biggrin, "is Charlie Marshall."

Then he settled down to his selections."Jim Dewey, for one," he picked. "He alwayskeeps his head up and never hurries hisshot. For number two, I'd name Price, ofConiston, who has a hard fast shot whichis seldom off the net. For number three,my choice is Stu Smith, of Creighton. Hehas the knack of firing a quick wrist shotwhich carries plenty of speed and accuracy."FORSYTHE'S CHOICE

Mac Forsythe, who came gamely backinto the picture at the start of the seasonafter having been sent to the showers withan Injured eye which stayed blind too longfor comfort, but eventually healed, heark-ened to Triangle's question on his way backto work in the Copper Cliff purchasing de-partment.

"Three of the biggest threats to me inthis season's league," quoth "Maxie," "areHill and Dewey, of Frood, and Smith, ofCreighton. Hill with his speed and hisability to shift across the net when he getsinside; Dewey with his slow-moving tricksand his experience to outguess one; andSmith, with his speed, hard work, and goodshot; all give a goalie real worries unlessthey are marked very closely."

In the warehouse on Frood 2800 South,Charlie Teno issued a couple of bolts to aslusherman, figuratively hammered his padswith his stick, and spoke thusly: "One of mybig headaches is Fletcher, of Refinery. Inmy opinion he's one of the wiliest of leaguecentremen. He's a smooth skater, feeds hiswings with well-timed passes, and bearsplenty of watching when there is a loosepuck around the net."

BURLINGHAM

and packs a terrific drive. He has an un-canny ability for picking corners."

"Ace" Bailey, who has been carrying thetorch for the Injury-ridden Creighton crewduring the first half of the schedule, workson 20 level. He names his three mainmenaces all from one club, the Frood, doubt-less recalling the evening of November 30,1936, when the Frood pumped 14 goals intothe basket behind him. Dewey, Hill andConick are Bailey's selections.GIVE HIM DUCH-BUMPS

"Dewey," says the "Ace" with a ruefulsmile, "is always aggressive, is a keen puckhawk, and is never out of the play. He'sso cool and deliberate when he gets in closethat he gives me gooseflesh. Hill has agood hard shot, and I never know whetherhe's going to shoot or draw me out, makinghim sort of a double-threat. Conick is an-other player who raises duck bumps on mewhen he crowds in close . He is never hur-ried, and can be expected to place his shotcarefully every time."

So the next time you see Dewey or Smithor one of these other selections shoulder hisway through the defence and go weaving inon the unfortunate gent between the gaspipes, you'll know what said gent is think-ing, and why.

DYNAMITE!

LJKYS CLIF'F' JUNIOR"Another bad moment for me," continued

Charlie, "is Pat McReavy, the Copper Cliffjunior. He is a great play-maker, has adeceptive shift, is very dangerous when in-side, and has a nice wrist shot. The thirdselection I'd make is Taylor, of Falcons,who Is a dangerous rusher, breaks very fast,

TENO BAILEY

ELI KNIAHO(Continued from Page 1)

run without getting tired. He ran fromCreighton to Mond Mine to Copper Cliff andback to Creighton, a distance of 47 miles.This he accomplished in five hours and 45minutes. At the end of this marathon Elisays his "feet were a little sore because itwas a hot day."

Twelve years ago Eli entered the 10-milemarathon at Capreol, on the 24th of May,and finished second to Maki. He leftCreighton at 8,00 o'clock in the morning andmade the trip to Capreol on his bicycle,arriving just in time for the race. In factthe entrants were already lined up at thestarting point. Eli's time for the race was55 minutes and 30 seconds, and the winner'stime was 55 minutes even.IN GREAT SHAPE

After 26 years working at Creighton, Elisays he feels as good as the day he got hisfirst job at the age of 15. He thinks he couldshow any of these so-called "marathoners"a clean pair of heels in distances over 20miles. Anything less than 20 miles, he says,doesn 't give him time to get warmed upproperly.

Previous to the present winter, Eli hasdone considerable trapping in the district,having snared an average of 35 foxes a year.The foxes have been either red or cross-fox, and in his 15 years of trapping he hascaught only two silver foxes. In the springhe averages 150 muskrats.

Eli's most thrilling experience occurredabout eight years ago while skiing nearthe Vermilion River. One of his ski poleswent through the snow surface into a holeand he couldn't pull it out. Eli dug awaythe snow and found that he had brokeninto a bear's den, for there was a bear'shead directly before him and a bear's pawwas holding the ski pole. The pole hadapparently disturbed bruin's winter sleepand he had just laid his paw on it.MADE IT THREE

Eli immediately shot the bear and thenwent to McFadden's camp, nearby, to gethelp in removing the 300-pound brute. Eliand McFadden returned with a length ofcable, and as Eli was tying the cable aroundthe bear's head, he heard a noise furtherback in the den. Eli warned McFadden,"there's another one in there," and Mc-Fadden opined it was time to strike out forother parts, but Eli grabbed his rifle, spottedthe second bear's head, and shot him. Thetwo men then prepared to get the two bearsout when another movement in the den in-dicated the presence of a third bruin.McFadden promptly left. Eli stuck to hisgun, so to speak, and put a bullet throughthe head of the third bear, which, he says,was a little smaller than the other two.

Some of Eli's accomplishments may placeconsiderable of a strain on the credulityof Triangle readers, but Eli has a stoutchampion in Safety Engineer S. R. Fredeen,of Creighton, who states to whom it mayconcern that these tales of the prowess ofCreighton's No. 1 hunter are not one whitexaggerated. And that's that.

Obeyed Rules,Avoided Trouble

ONCE MUSHEDNORTH TRAILS

If you want to see E. B. Geoffrey whilehe's on shift at Coniston, you go up on thecharge floor above the blast furnaces. Andif the wind happens to be in a certain direc-tion, it's no place for a tender-foot, or rathera tender-lung. But the swirling gases don'tbother E. B. Geof-frey at all. He'sbeen up there onthe charge floorfor many years,and his lungs arein condition forthem. When heretires from ser-vice, he'll make aswell Swiss yod-eller.

He was bornat Joliette, P.Q.,in 1875, son of aC.P.R. construc-tion w o r k e r.When he wasfour years old thefamily moved toPembroke, a n dwhen he was 13, E. B. Geoffrey

he got a job driving the delivery wagon forthe Express Co., with a horse named Fred.Later he became a freight checker for theC.P.R., and that was his job when he wentto North Bay in 1903.

WENT DOG-DRIVINGThe wilds of the northern woods called

him, and he started driving dogs from Mc-Dougald Chutes, now Madison, on theT. & N. 0., which was just being built. Withhis dog team he'd mush through the bushto Low Bush River and Squaw Point, onAbitibi Lake, with mail and supplies. Aftera rest, he'd start away again for the tripwest to Metagaml River, with mail and sup-plies for the engineers in charge of buildingthe Transcontinental Railway.

He had six dogs, and they'd make about40 miles in two days or two and a half days.The bush was heavy and the trail wasusually very clean, so he never had anytrouble in bad weather, There were nowolves in the area because the reindeer wereso scarce. In the summer he made his tripsby canoe. It was a great life, and he wassorry when the construction work nearedcompletion and his job petered out.

In 1909 he headed for Victoria Mine,arriving there on April 15 and landing a jobas scaleman. Later he became a furnaceforeman, and that's been his post ever since.

WED 43 YEARSHe was married in 1894 in Pembroke, to

Mary Fitzgerald. Four children were bornto them, two sons and two daughters. Oneson, Gerald L., is a general foreman at Con-iston; the other son, B. V., was mastermechanic for Canadian Industries Limited,in charge of building the Copper Cliff acidplant, Recently he was transferred to Ham-ilton. The daughters are Mrs. S. D. Smith,of Coniston, and Mrs. J. Fleming, of Falcon-bridge.

Twenty-seven years of service, E. B. isbeginning to realize, is quite a stretch oftime, but he's surprised it's gone so fast.And he never gets tired comparing the scaleof present-day production with that of theopen-hearth days at Victoria Mine.

GRINDING RECORDNickel cast iron is responsible for the

efficiency of a Super-Grinder made by theIlanchett Manufacturing Co., Big Rapids,Mich. The grinder recently established arecord by "facing" 2,200 valve forgings inone hour.

SportimerOn day shift at Frood December 20, the

stope boss in 47 stope, 2400 level, blasted amissed hole along with several blockholes.The shots went off approximately fiveminutes after lighting. Several minutesafter they were all supposed to have goneoff, there was another explosion, possibly themissed hole.

It was due only to the fact that the stopeboss and his men rigidly followed standardpractice and remained away the requiredlength of time that a serious accident wasprevented. Both the Mining Act andstandard practice require that no person re-turn to the scene of a blast within a spaceof minutes equal to twice the length of thelongest fuse used In the operation at hand.

"Two-faced" may not be an admirabletrait among humans, but "four-faced" isvery much okay for clocks. At leastthat's what Stanley Stadium hockeypatrons think about the elaborate newSportimer which Imperial Tobacco SalesCo. placed last month in the Copper Clifficedrome. First of its type to be in-stalled in Canada, the Sportimer weighs86.9 lbs . and Is seven feet square. Eachof the four clock faces Is four feet Indiameter, and beneath each face Is apanel of lights to Indicate scores duringa game. Electrically driven , the instru-ment is operated from control boxes inthe timekeepers' pew on the east side ofthe Stadium. 'here are 31 wires In themain connecting cable.

Page 6 Within the INCO TRIANGLE FEBRUARY, 1937

Petsamo Outpost of Copper CliffGet out your map and take an armchair trip with A. B. Yates to this new INCA nickel concession

in Northern Finland, within the Arctic CircleDuring 1934 The Mond Nickel Company,

subsidiary of INCO, acquired from "Suomi"a concession to prospect and explore fornickel ores In the Petsamo District, situatedin the northern part of Finland. This partof the country is a portion of a greater areaknown as Lapland which extends from Nor-way across Finland and easterly into theKola Peninsula of Northern Russia.HA;S HECTIC HISTORY

Politically Finland has had a stormy his-tory. The origin of the people is still some-what uncertain, but they came into historyas a group early in the 8th century. Theywere hardy colonists who persisted In raidson Scandinavia until King Eric, annoyed bythese frequent disturbances, conquered thecountry in 1157. From then until 1809 therewas an almost continuous struggle betweenSweden and Russia for control of thesepeople and Finland was the "buffer state"and battleground. In 1809 upon the cessionto Russia of Finland and the Aland Islandsthe Swedish-Russian conflict ended and until1917 Finland was a grand duchy under thesovereignty of Russia. For two years, dur-ing the Russian Revolution and the WorldWar, Finland was in a state of flux andwas ruled by various provisional govern-ments.ESTABLISHED REPUBLIC

Finally on June 17, 1919, the Finnish Dietestablished a republic and various parties,including the Communistic, were in controlfrom time to time. On October 14, 1920,a treaty was signed with the Soviet andthat part of Lapland known as Pechenga,which included the Petsamo district, wasceded to Finland. Several disputes arosein regard to this treaty, especially in re-gard to the Aland Islands, but the Leagueof Nations finally settled the dispute andFinland retained the Islands and the Pet-samo District. Until 1923 political strifecontinued which threatened the economicdevelopment of the country, and it was notuntil this time that a more or less stablegovernment was formed. Since then thecountry has progressed rapidly and economicdevelopment has been aided by the govern-ment and Its various agencies, particularlythe Departments of Trade and Commerceand the Geological Commission.

The Petsamo District, lying between lati-tudes 68°5' and 69° 57' north and longitudes

of a political unit with representation - inthe Finnish parliament and' with certaincustom and trade concessions not grantedto other provinces or districts . They havetheir own Lapland Council and their ownpolice authority.GEOLOGISTS ACTIVE

Since 1924 the Finnish Geological Corn-mission , under the able directorship of thelate Dr. Sederholm, one of the world's greatgeologists and naturalists, had been workingin the district and had made several dis-coveries of interest. They realized afterseveral years' work, that considerable sumsof money would be necessary to explore anddevelop the various prospects and they werenot prepared to make such expenditures,believing that someone better acquaintedwith the exploitation of nickel ores could

fi

At KaulatunturiThe geologists' but, one of the group

of buildings in the camp of PetsamonNikkeli O/Y, subsidiary of INCO, atHaulatunturi . Saraslaki, 1,700-foot peakof the Petsamo mountains, looms in thebackground.

Use ReindeerIn the early spring reindeer must be

used for transporting supplies to theKaulatunturl camp. Here is a scene atthe camp just after the arrival of ashipment of supplies.

probably develop the district with greaterbenefit to all concerned. Since 1934 the workhas been carried on by Mond with everyassistance from the Finnish Governmentand the Geological Commission.

The Concession area, which lies about600 miles north of Helsinki, the Capital ofFinland, extends in a general east-westdirection almost entirely across the narrownorth end of the country. The western endis near the Patsjoki, the river that formsthe boundary between Norway and Finland,and the eastern end is only a short distancefrom the Russian boundary. The 69°30'parallel of latitude passes just north of theConcession area.

IMPRESSIVE RANGEThe area follows the crest line of a prom-

inent range of hills known as the Petsamon-tunturit {Petsamo Mountains ), which ex-tend entirely across this part of Finland,broken only by rather steep sided valleys, theheads of fjords that extend northward tothe Arctic Ocean. The peaks of the rangerise to over 1,600 feet above sea level andas the timber line is only about 1,000 feetabove sea level and as the surrounding coun-try is relatively low, they form an impres-sive range , especially when capped by snowas they are for the greater part of the year.An even higher and more impressive rangelies just south of and parallel to the Conces-sion range. Kuorpukas, the highest peak inthe district, rises to over 2,000 feet abovesea level and with its snow cap dominatesthe ranges, and Saraslaki, its smaller sister,nearby to the west, rises to, over 1,700 feet.This last peak overlooks the camp at Kaula-tunturi and the western end of the area.These mountains obscure the view towardthe south, and the coastal ranges some 15 to20 miles to the north, more or less shut outthe view in that direction, but astoundingglimpses of the Varanger Fjord, the ArcticOcean and the far coasts of the Varangerand the Fischer Peninsulas can be seen look-ing down the long straight fjords that havebeen carved through the coastal ranges. Sev-eral attempts were made to photographthese spectacular sights but they were notsuccessful. The distances were too greatand constant haze dimmed the detail.EASILY ACCESSIBLE

Probing Petsamo MountainsA picture to save as a souvenir is this shot of the first drill set-up erected by the

INCO subsidiary 's exploration party at Saulatunturi in 1935 . One of the Austin-poweredportable diamond drills made by Smith and Travers of Sudbury, is about to start theintensive diamond-drilling campaign. Since that time some 28 ,900 feet of drilling hasbeen completed, and results have justified INCO's proceeding with developments for therecovery of nickel from the ores of the Petsamon Tunturlt, some of the higher peaks ofwhich, are seen In the background.

work. During the past two years temporarycamps and a permanent road, over 25 kilo-meters in length , were constructed , a recon-naissance geological survey was made overthe entire Concession area , detailed mapswere prepared over selected areas and themore favorable sections were further ex-

..by_tb. ,.,dip-.Aesdle._-und --various-, Ogg-:_i'ica1 prospecting methods . A. complete tri-

angulation system was set up and the Con-cession area was surveyed. Diamond drill-Ing has been the main part of the job andtwo drills have been kept In continuous op-eration, 24 hours a day, during the workingseasons, with over 28,000 feet of drilling com-pleted. The outfits have been manned en-tirely by Finnish workmen under the guid-ance of the Canadian foremen.

On first thought of a journey to suchiatitl .odei?ul- ima^inr r-ath..G..totrip, possibly by.dog.'or reindeer team , snowmobile or some such conveyance; but ` as amatter of fact, the district ti easily reachedby various routes along which one can travelin perfect comfort. The most direct fromHelsinki Is by railroad northerly throughTampere, the principal manufacturing town,to Vasa on the east coast of the Gulf ofBothnia and along the coast northerly toKemi, a lumber and manufacturing town atthe head of the Gulf. Thence northeasterlyto Rovaniemi, the end of the steel lyingjust south of the Arctic Circle, that imagin-ary line which marks the 66°30' parallel oflatitude. This -part of the journey is bycomfortable sleeping cars hauled by hard-working wood-burning locomotives.

At Rovaniemi a transfer is made eitherto taxi or to a modern General Motors pas-senger bus for the last 270 miles of the jour-ney, over a picturesque, well-built gravelledhighway that is fast becoming a touristfavorite.

Just north of town the road crosses theKemijoki and goes through farming coun-try and on into and up the beautifullywooded valley of the Rauaan, graduallyclimbing this tributary of the Kemijoki tq alow divide and then down again into thevalley of the Kitinen. It follows up thisriver and its tributaries gradually rising uponto the Laanila tunturl, the height of landin this part of the world, where the firstglimpse is had of the high moss-covered andotherwise barren tunturi or mountain coun-try. The pass here is something over 1,750feet above sea level.HEAVY COFFEE DIET

1985 OPERATIONSDuring the 1935 season, which lasted -from

the 20th of June, when it was first possibleto cross the flooded rivers and move ma-terial up the mountain, until early Novem-ber, 300 to 350 men were at work on numer-ous jobs. The greater number were on roadconstruction at various points along theConcession. A smaller group were on the

From here the road winds down into the I Linahamarivalley of the Ivalojoki and along this riverto the village of Ivalo with its comfortableTourist Inns, where everyone piles out forthe usual coffee, smoked salmon and pas-teries. If you are on the slow bus you stayhere for the night, but the express allowsonly time for coffee and takes you on. Theroad continues along the southern and east-ern shores of Inari, one of the largest lakesin Finland, through Virtaniemi, famed forits trout, fishing and coffee, then down thePatsjoki through Pitkijarvi where more cof-fee is served if you can take it , and on toSalmijarvi, where one gets the first real lookat the Petsamon tunturit.

Salmijarvi is a village of some 80 to 100Lapps and Finns, with a comfortable Inn,a store, a filling station, doctor, a ferry dock,from which tourist cars are ferried backand forth across the Patsjokl to Svanvik, InNorway, and the headquarters house ofPetsamon Nikkeli O/Y, the subsidiary com-pany formed by Mond to explore the dis-trict.

PRELIMINARY WORKInasmuch as the first work on the Pet-

samo Concession was purely exploratory,members of the INCO Geological and En-gineering staffs were called upon to do thepreliminary work. During the first yearK. V. Lindell was on the Concession and forthe past two years Geoffrey Gilbert, W. A.Scott and the drill foremen , Hugh Simmonsand George Oldacamp , have handled the

The road leaves the picturesquePatsjoki River at Salminjiirvi, where theINCO subsidiary's exploration camp islocated, and continues easterly aroundthe north rim of the ,Petsamon tunturit(or mountain range ) to Luostari, one ofthe remaining Russian monasteries,thence northerly along the PetsamoFjord to Linahamari, near the pointwhere the Fjord widens into the ArcticOcean. PHOTO shows Linahamari,which will be the main shipping pointif the Petsamon Nikkeli O/Y com-mences production. This is a quiet littlevillage, Where is located a comfortableInn of modern design , furnished in semi-modernistic style and yet with a toneof the Lappish and Russian influence.Here also are the large state docks, afish factory which is quite unmistakablewith the wind in the right direction,and a modern customs house and stateoffice building that houses the immigra-tion, customs, and port authority people.Here one Is just as apt to run into acrowd of Chicago school teachers, tour-ing !Northern Europe, as a group ofLapps in their bright native costumes.Also, one is apt to meet a Butte, Michi-gan, Kirkland Lake, Porcupine , or Sud-bury miner Who fray returned to hisnative land and turned to fishing offthe north coasts.

drilling, trenching and sampling crews, andanother small group were geologists, dip-needle and Doodlebug operators, and en-gineers. We were fortunate In securing aspart of the organization some of the mem-bers of the Finnish Geological Commission.Walter Nordin, who had worked in this dis-

t. w th_tha CQmmissislu..for-aexesal.years. -Is now on the permanent staff, and has beenan invaluable aid in getting the work underway. Several of the younger men who hadworked as students during the summer, werealso very helpful.

During the winter and early spring a lotof the heavy machinery and supplies, par-ticularly petrol , were hauled from Salmi-jarvi across the ice on Kuotsjarvi and upthe mountain by reindeer. Included werethe two portable Austin drills, built by Smith& Travers Company, of Sudbury. Duringthe "break-up" in early June, It was impos-sible to move anything, and even later onmost of the material came into camp onthe backs of Lapp porters. By the middleof the season a temporary trail had beenconstructed so that light two-wheeled cartsand even small wagons were used, hauled bythe small brown native horses.

CAMP BUILDINGSIn the early spring several comfortable

camp buildings were constructed at Kaula-tunturi and at Onkitunturi toward the east-ern end of the Concession, the former beingbuilt on the site of the Geological Commis-sion Camps. In fact some of their buildingswere utilized. Other camps were located atKammikivitunturi, about two miles east ofKaula and at Pilgujaur, some 10 miles east,so that when the parties arrived it wassimply a matter of moving in and going towork.

The main camps at Kaulatunturi con-sisted of the Geologists' office and bunks,the time office, the stores office and coreshack, the warehouse, the setters' shacksand bunks, a barracks building for the drillrunners and helpers,' an engineer's and sur-veyor's quarters, a sleeping quarter for theLapps, several tents, and last but not least,an imposing kitchen and restaurant build-ing, the centre of attraction, where all mat-ters were given due consideration, over theusual black coffee. The kitchen was in thecentre with a staff dining room on one sideand a larger mesa room on the other.

VERSATILE CHEFThe chef was an artist who did his best at

fancy fish dishes, gelatins, fruit soups andpasteries, until he was told that the staffprobably liked macaroni and cheese, boiledpotatoes, rice pudding and oatmeal porridge,as well as anybody. The usual breakfastwas porridge, oatmeal or white wheat meal,bacon, toast and coffee, occasionally eggs,and sometimes fish, if anyone had had anyluck the night before or a Lapp had comeinto camp with his catch. Lunch was soup,cold salmon, cold meats-sausages, etc.-hardtack of various kinds, boiled potatoesand cheese. Dinner was beef-sometimes--more often fish, boiled potatoes, macaroniand the fruit soup, a peculiar gelatin pud-ding concoction with the odd prune or ap-ricot plainly visible through the transparentmatrix. Later on , the soup was made thick,and it became a sporting proposition whetheryou drew a prune or an apricot or just soup.Klim was used entirely in place of freshmilk, and cocoa made with Klim was the

(Continued on Page 7)

FF :H L A R V. 193 7v

w Within the INCO TRIANGLE

Strict Standards of Quality inRefinery Shapes Casting Department

Clarke Casting Wheel in Operation

Petsamo(Continued from Page 6)

frequent midnight meal, with cheese, hard-tack and a little smoked salmon.TIRELESS SUN

By the time the gangs arrived towardthe middle of June, the sun was up to stay,and although it never got very high, itnever went down, but chased itself abovethe horizon more or less at the same alti-tude. The first few nights were a little weirdand everyone stayed up just to see what itwas all about. The wild life had brainsenough to get some sleep and a stillnesssettled over the country that was unmis-takably night, but it was nearly as brightas any time during the day. The atmos-phere seemed to clear just before the usualevening fog (Morianti) began to come infrom the low lands and the Arctic Ocean,and at this time things stood out in pecu-liarly keen contrast. The best photographswere taken at this time, particularly thedistant views.

Later In the season you became accus-tomed to the light, and although nearlyeveryone was on three shifts a day, thedesirable shift was still the day shift andthere was no trouble about sleeping on theoff shift, no matter what it was, exceptwhen the drill happened to be set up withone tripod leg over the roof. By earlyAugust the sun began to get below thehigher points in the west and north, andsome of the most beautiful and spectacularsunsets with unbelievable colors were seenjust before the fogs came in. Towards fall,cold rains were frequent and high windsfrom the north made it safer to tie thingsdown. After the equinox the weather settleddown again for a few weeks, before the firstsnows in October.KEEN ST'UDENTS

Language differences were no great dif-ficulty, although it was thought they wouldbe, and consequently Interpreters were hiredwho later -became drill runners, helpers, en-gineers and samplers, when it was foundthat most of the students who were hiredwere keen to learn English and had takenEnglish in high and technical schools aswell as in foreign universities. It was sur-prising how soon these men could conversein English and it was arranged that one ofthem was included in some capacity oneach crew and on each shift. Most of theLapps, besides their own peculiar languages,spoke either Finnish, Russian or Norwegian,and a few knew some German. Most of theFinns spoke Swedish and Norwegian, manyor them Danish and German as well andthey are learning English rapidly. Englishis now one of the required languages in thetechnical schools and universities.

There is, of course, more to tell and, nodoubt, more will be told about this interest-ing country in future issues of The Triangle.

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pa

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Selected as symbolic of the refining end of INCO 's organization was a Clarke casting wheel , sketched on the right inTriangle's mast head . Here is a Clarke casting wheel in real life, performing Its function at Ontario Refining Co . The sturdilybuilt wheel. 40 feet in diameter, revolves with its copper moulds , and the latter are filled as they pass beneath a pouring ladle.By the time the moulds reach a tipping device the copper has set, and the castings drop into a water-filled cooling bosh.

The cathodes from the Tank House, con-

taining as they do 99.985 per cent. copper,

are the purest form of commercial copperavailable, and of the total amount of copper

produced by the Ontario Refining Company

in 1936 approximately 16 per cent. was ship-ped in this form to smelters possessing fur-naces large enough to handle this material.The melting and casting of the remainderinto shapes suitable for the various fabricat-^ng processes of industry ie the function ofhe Shapes Casting Department. It wouldsgp to a casual observer that the treatmentof capper of this purity would be a simplematter; however, molten copper has a greataffinity for various gases, and, during melt-ing, these impurities are picked up to suchan extent that it is necessary to repeat thecycle of refining operations, as performed inthe anode furnaces, in order to get thecopper into suitable casting condition andmaintain high purity for the market.WIRE BAR FURNACES

The cathodes are charged, as shown Inthe illustration, to the wire bar furnaces inthe same manner that the blister wascharged to the anode furnaces. The furnacesare similar in every respect, being con-structed of structural steel and refractorybrick. About 310 tons constitutes a normalcharge, the cathodes being charged at therate of about 4 500 pounds per "lift" over aperiod of two hours.

After the furnace is charged, the processinvolves two definite stages. The firstconsists of melting the pure copper cathodesand exposing the molten bath to a periodof oxidation. This is accomplished byintroducing iron pipes carrying 20-poundair under the surface of the bath. In thisoperation the impurities which have beenpicked up in the melting period are oxidized,together with some of the copper, forminga slag which is skimmed off.MUST BE ACCURATE

The second stage involves reducing backto metallic copper most of the cuprous oxidewhich was formed abundantly in the firststep. This is accomplished by first coveringthe bath with a protective layer of lowsulphur coke and then thrusting large greenhardwood poles into the molten copper.Throughout all these operations frequentsample buttons are taken by the furnace-men and their appearance both at surfaceand fracture convey to his trained eye anaccurate picture of the refining progress.While it is desirable to reduce the oxygencontent, by means of poling, to a low value,great care must be exercised to prevent thisreaction going too far. If this is pertndtted,a peculiar condition results in which thecopper is said to be "overpoled" and inwhich state it is impossible to make soundcastings. Consequently, the furnaceman isrestricted to a narrow range of operationand must be particularly skilled in thisphase of the work. When the correct pointhas been reached, the copper is said to beat "tough pitch" and casting commences.

The copper may now find its way intoiron bars, cakes, ingots, billets, or whateversize or shape is required at the time. Themetal is tapped from the furnace to a smallpouring ladle having a capacity of about2,000 pounds. Here the copper is again pro-tected from atmospheric contamination bya charcoal covering.

LIMITS ARE STRICT

Adherence to strict temperature limits isa very necessary requisite during casting

operations because slight deviations resultin defects which cause rejection. Skilled"pyrometer men" read the temperature ofthe copper periodically by means of hightemperature indicating instruments and theheat content of the outflowing metal iscontrolled in accordance with their findings.

O.R.C. standards are among the highestin the copper industry and only perfectcastings are accepted by the inspectors.

The type of wheel on which wire barsand cakes are cast is known as a Clarkecasting wheel, and those in use at theRefinery are 40 feet in diameter and verysturdily built for smooth operation. Thewheels have copper moulds attached to theperiphery and these are subjected to anapplication of bone ash emulsion on eachrevolution before receiving their portion ofmolten copper. As the wheel revolves thecopper sets and by the time the mouldsreach the tipping device the cast copper haslost a considerable amount of its heat. Themoulds are tipped and the castings drop intoa water-filled cooling bosh. From the boshthey are elevated by means of an endlessconveyor, after which they drop to one ofthe inspection conveyors. It is at this pointthat the high standard of O.R.C. copper ismaintained, and castings falling belowstandard are rejected for refurnacing.STRETCHES OUT

About 60 per cent. of all the coppershipped from the Refinery is in the form ofwire bars, for which shape there is thegreatest demand. These are used in themanufacture of electrical wire and rod, andare cast with pointed ends to facilitate theirrolling. Wire bars vary in weight from 135pounds to 300 pounds, the most commonlyused weighing 275 pounds. An indication ofthe amount of work done by the mills inproducing wire from these forms can bepictured when the fact is considered thatone 275-pound wire bar, about 54 inches long,and having a cross section approximatelyfour Inches square, when rolled and drawn,will make copper wire, suitable for housewiring, 13,915 feet, or over two and one-halfmiles long.

A very definite and accurate indication ofwire bar purity is derived from the "con-ductivity tests." Three times during a cast,cross-sectional samples of wire bars arehammered and drawn to wire having a finaldiameter of .081 inches. The resistance ofa portion of the wire is then measured bymeans of an electrical balance. The resultreported as percentage of a universallyaccepted standard is a direct indication ofthe quality of the product. The speed withwhich the wires are prepared and theaccuracy of the very delicate conductivitytests are features of plant control.

The other products of straight castingsare ingots, ingot bars and vertically castcakes. The former are used primarily byremelters who recast either special shapesor alloys, such as bronze, a mixture of copperand tin, or brass, a copper-zinc alloy. Theseingots are of a shape easy to handle andadaptable to small furnaces. They areroughly 10 inches long and three inchessquare in cross-section with a two-inch notchnear one end. They weigh approximately 22pounds. An ingot bar may be consideredas two ingots in one bar, and due to theirtwo deep notches they can be easily brokenapart. They are about 21 inches long andweigh 65 pounds.

Vertically cast cakes find their mainapplication in the rolling of sheets. Theyvary greatly in size, the smallest type

weighing 185 pounds and the largest 1,000pounds.SPECIAL ORDERS

Frequent orders are received by the Re-finery for new "shapes" to fill specialdemands. These are developed and addedto the present extensive list. All specialshapes other than wire bars and ingotscommand a premium price. Some of thesespecial shapes and all alloys are producedaccording to a special procedure known as"side-casting." This is a particularly usefuldevice when the tonnage involved isrelatively small. Holding furnaces with acapacity in the neighborhood of five tonsare filled with copper, from the wire barfurnaces , and if for alloy purposes thecopper is "conditioned" by adding the re-quired alloying elements, brought up to heatand "poled" to the proper pitch for casting.The furnaces are then conveyed by a craneto a position over the various water-cooledmoulds into which the copper is poured.This type of casting is very difficult andrequires considerable skill and experienceto obtain a good percentage of marketableproduction. Of these "special shapes" billetsare probably the most important, and theyare later "extruded," or "pierced," formingcopper pipes, seamless tubes, rods, and othercylindrical shapes.

An innovation in the art of copper meltingis being developed at the Ontario RefiningCompany with the installation of a three-phase direct are electric furnace. This isthe largest non-ferrous electric melting fur-nace ever installed, having a holding capacityof 30 tons, and casting capabilities of 10tons per hour. Its application is beingwatched with great interest by all othercopper refiners and It is undoubtedly themost forward step in the art in years.

CREIGHTON WEDDINGErnest H. Mosher, well-known Creighton

hockey player, was wed at Creighton Mineon December 15 to Donzella C. Nettery, theceremony taking place in the United Church.

Select Teams toPlay Bridge Series

An INCO inter-plant bridge championshipwill be at stake for the first time whenteams from Coniston, Creighton, Frood,Refinery and Copper Cliff play matches atMemorial Community Hall, Copper Cliff.

A series of three matches will be played,each two weeks apart, and the team amass-ing the most points will be declaredchampions. Prizes will be awarded to highscorers each evening, and a championshiptrophy will also be awarded.

Any INCO employee wishing to play onhis plant's team should get in touch withthese captains: Copper Cliff, C. E. Dorian;Frood, Thos. Fee; Creighton, V. Tremblay;Coniston, F. G. Murphy; Refinery, Wm.Stesco. Dates of the matches will beannounced within the next week. Therewill be 16 players on each team.

Rules and regulations regarding thematches will be decided at a meeting of thecaptains, and will be in effect for allmatches. If the event proves popular, itwill probably be held twice a year in future.

Cathodes Fed to FurnaceSimilar to the way blister copper is charged to Ontario Refining Company's anode

furnaces, as described in a previous Triangle article, is the manner in which pure coppercathodes are fed to the wire bar furnaces. Shown in this photograph is the cranecharging a "lift" of 4,500 pounds of cathodes to a wire bar furnace, the normal totalcharge of 310 tons per furnace being effected in about two hours.

Page 8 Within the INCO ThIA1'GLE FEBRUARY, 1937

Col . A. Hoffman SmithNamed 'Grand Old Man'

(By- E. A.. COLLINS, COPPER CIIFF)

The story of the growth and develop-ment of the Nickel Industry in the SudburyDistrict, covering the period from the firstdisovery of the ores in August, 1883, to date,is a story replete with achievement andevents which are bound to have a gripping,almost thrilling appeal to most readers.

SAGA OF NICKELIt is a story mainly of hard, unremit-

ting toil on the part of the pioneers in theindustry, of steady progression in the scienceof mining and its handmaiden, metallurgy,and of chances taken and fortunes riskedin keeping the good ship "Nickel" afloat.Many notable characters contributed to thisdevelopment. Most of them have passedto their reward, and whilst they may not beso generally remembered as some of ourgreat statesmen and political leaders, still itmay be said that their names will live forevermore in the annals of the Industry, andin the hearts and minds of those chargedwith the task of carrying on the work whichthey so nobly began.

It is fitting, therefore, that some spacein the INCO Triangle should be devoted toa short sketch of the life of one of Sudbury'soldest and most respected citizens, and onewho has been connected with the industrydirectly and otherwise for the past forty-eight years. One would be safe in sayingthat almost every resident of the districtknows Col. Smith. Not so many, perhaps,know'Col. A. Hoffman Smith, and very feware even acquainted with Col. Albert Hoff-man Smith. Why the Colonel has so long

partnership with two of his cousins , he builtthe Trent Valley Paper Mills, at Glen Miller,on the Trent River. On the completion ofthis enterprise in 1882, he joined his brotherin Savannah , Georgia, where they jointlyerected a large paper mill and where heremained until 1884, returning to Canada tojoin the Nile Expedition.

In this adventure young Smith wasdoomed to disappointment. The boat onwhich he travelled from Charleston, Va.,missed the Halifax connection at New York,and the Nile Expedition sailed away with-out the young Lance-4Sgt., who had alreadyseen more of the world than most youngmen of his age. The paper business wasall right as a means of making a living, butit didn't provide one half the excitementwhich soldiering did, so young Smith re-turned to Toronto, took a qualifying officer'scourse in C School of Infantry, received hisLieutenant's Commission in 1885, andpromptly proceeded to the West with theMidland Battalion, destined to take a veryactive part against the enemies of Law andOrder in the North West Rebellion.

LONG MARCHESHis Battalion left Toronto In March, 188.5,

travelling on flat cars to Bisco, Ont., thenthe end of steel on the Lake Superior Divi-sion of the C.P.Rly. From Bisco theymarched to Cross Lake, west of Port Arthur,at which point the Battalion again boardedflat cars and completed the trip to Winni-peg.

Lieut. Smith returned with his regimentto Toronto in August, 1885, and for the nextfour years he was employed at the GlenMiller Paper Mills. On August 27th, 1888,he arrived in Sudbury on his way to BritishColumbia, and stopped over to visit his oldfriend, Mr. John D. Evans, at Copper Cliff,then assistant to Dr. E. D. Peters, GeneralManager of the Canadian Copper Company.Mr. Evans induced him to enter the ser-vice of the Copper Company, and he becamesuccessively labor foreman, warehouse clerk,and assistant to Jas. McArthur, who was atthat time Smelter Superintendent.

During this period Lieut. Smith built thefirst Macadam road in the North Country, asection of what is now known as BalsamStreet, Copper Cliff. It is no reflection onthe engineering ability of the Colonel toremark , that at this late date, January, 1937,this road is still in need of some repairs.

In 1891, Mr. Smith left the service of theCopper Company and engaged in surveyingand prospecting , until his appointment as

'oti w e : e to e co pie efaction of succeeding Governments and allcitizens of the district for twenty-six years.

h ^oWa s,^ince

which e founded some forty yearagoIn 1908, he was appointed Colonel of the

49th Hastings Rifles, a rank and connectionwhich he still retains at the ripe old ageof 82.

ACTIVE IN SUDBURYWith his good wife, nee Alice Marion

Collier, of Manchester, England, the Colonelhas taken an active part in the social andbusiness life of Sudbury, and contributedin a large measure to every good movementfor its advancement.

One wonders if any city in Canada hassuch a young Grand Old Man as Sudbury'sCol. Smith, and one also wonders how manyof our young men who meet him daily onSudbury streets stop to think how best theymay emulate the life of this distinguishedcitizen, trained soldier, sportsman, man ofaffairs, and above all, gentleman of the OldSchool.

A "live wire" when he arrived in Copper Cliff back in the early days, Colonel Smithwas a member of the group which played the first game of tennis in the smelter settle-ment. What they fondly referred to as their "court" was a bumpy area where theCopper Cliff Hospital now stands. The net had not arrived in time for the officialopening , so a slat fance was rigged up to take its place. This was In the fall of 1888,and the enthusiasts who posed for the photographer were : back row , left to right,R. E. Paul, chief accountant of the Canadian Copper Co .; Mrs. Thompson , housekeeperat the club house, located where the Bank of Toronto now stands; F. L. Sperry. chiefassayer for the Company ; front row , left to right, Walter Evans , son of the generalmanager of the Company at that time , and now engineer for two gold mines in thevicinity of Empire; Colonel Smith 's assistant in the warehouse; Colonel Smith himself.The Davis Cup, blue-ribbon trophy of the tennis world , bears none of these names; theyare of the unsung legion who carried the game to civilization's new frontiers andplanted it there to grow and prosper.

INCO's Transportation SystemHas 65 Miles of Standard Track

Transportation facilities are compara-tively as important to link the plants ofINCO as they are to weld the provinces intoa Dominion of Canada, but employees prob-ably seldom stop to think how elaborate andup-to-date are the system and equipmentwhich the Company operates.

INCO owns and maintains more than 65miles of standard guage railway tracks inthe network which ties mines, smelter, andrefinery into an efficient smoot'hs+workingunit In the Sudbury district. Below ground[

leg n . - L , a grea,deal of equipment, but for the moment wewill look at the standard equipment of theCor a^n tran ortar" department at_ra

^p , u Course, areartm _ mute-n Prow gua{; r' rar•k nd a

WHAT IT HANDLES:

Here are a few of the responsibilities ofthis department:

{Loading and unload all supplies; haul allraw materials, such as Frood ore to CopperCliff, Creighton ore from Clarabelle transferto Copper Cliff; Garson ore from Clarabelleto Copper Cliff; slag fill from Copper Cliff toFrood; coke and coal from Clarabelle; allFrood mine timber from Clarabelle to Frood,averaging seven cars a day; Bessemer matte,flue dust, nickel and copper scrap, tops, andbottoms from the smelter to the Orford bins;fuel to all Company buildings; shift slagdump tracks and maintain all tracks; trans-fer flux, reverts, and fill-rock between com-pany plants.

So it's little wonder that the transporta-tion department's telephone keeps up apretty steady ringing throughout the day.

It takes a lot of equipment to maintain

called "Ab" by his numerous friends, butthe Colonel is not exactly the type of manone would call by his first name, so thisdisclosure will be forgiven.

BORN IN PORTNEUFThe subject of our sketch was born

November 29th, 1851, at Portneuf, Provinceof Quebec. His father, Peter Smith, cameto Portneuf from Scotland in 1835, and hismother, Fredrica Maria Hoffman, was bornin Somerset, England. That short sentenceexplains in toto the origin of those splendidtraits of thrift, good citizenship and tenacityof purpose possessed by the Colonel. Itexplains more than that. His maternalgrandfather and uncles were all officers,fighting with the British Army in the Con-tinental Wars, which changed the map ofEurope so frequently in those days, andfrom this side of the ancestral house hederived his love for things military, Thevirus developed at an early age, for shortlyafter his eighteenth birthday it is of recordthat he ran away from the splendid schoolIn Quebec City where his father, with aScotchman's love of learning, had placedhim, and joined the 2nd Battalion, QuebecRifles, which took a leading part in whatis known in Canadian History as the RedRiver Expedition under Lord Wolsely.

The Battalion left Toronto for Fort Garryon May 7th, 1870, and returned to Torontoin September, 1871. It Is interesting to notethat after the rebellion had been suppressedthe soldiers participating were given theoption of joining the newly-formed North-west Mounted Police, taking a complete dis-charge, or settling upon a grant of land inthe West. Lance-Sgt. Smith, who had beenpromoted from private, was given charge ofthe military supplies at the Fort Garry postby the government, but this post was abol-ished shortly after, and he returned toToronto.

BECAME PAPERMARERIn the meantime his father, Peter Smith,

had been appointed manager of a largepaper mill near Philadelphia, and the sondecided that as there were no Wars, norrumors of wars, in the offing he wouldfollow in the footsteps of his paternal ances-tors and learn the paper business. He actcordingly joined his father in Philadelphia,and following the death there of his fatherin 1874, he returned to Windsor Mill, On-tario, where he remained until 1878. Hewas then offered and accepted a position inMontreal in his uncle's paper warehouse,later going to Trenton, Ontario, where in

One of the biggest transportation features at Copper Cliff is getting rid of the slag,or waste material , from the smelter furnaces . On the average, more than 400 pots ofslag are hauled every day to the dump half a mile away. Each pot weighs about 25 tons,and holds about 20 tons of slag ; a slag train usually is made up of 11 or 12 pots. A slagtrain dumping at night is a familiar and beautiful sight, and this is the scene Triangle'sphotographer has captured, as rivulets of fiery molten metal cascade from theoverturned pots.

service like that, and here are some of theitems in the inventory:

Eleven electric locomotives, nine of them55-ton and two of them 68-ton; two steamlocomotives, one 78-ton and the other 30-ton;fifty 75-ton ore cars; two hundred andseventy-five 50-ton ore cars; twenty-five 50-ton steel underframe flat cars; four Brownhoists, or clam hoists; two Bay City hoists,the hook machine type; one 220-ton hotmetal car which carries 70 tons of copperat a load to Ontario Refinery Co.; two jit-ney cars; three trucks; an ambulance anda atholo cal car- line cars for maintaininL

and three tool cars for wrecks; one standardsteel snow plough.

lso, att[Garson sand pit, the department$A„^1Feptrio, ghbv^l, rf.;evtgia.cn -@ lovel, and

a. 65-ton steam locomotive.Some idea of the total tonnage handled

by INCO's above-ground transportation facil-ities Is given by the department's figures forNovember, an average month , when 911,710tons were moved . Quite a percentage of thiswas handled three times , however, so theactual weight moved for November wasmore than 1,300,000 tons . Which, in easeyou're interested, would require a freighttrain 235 miles long.NEW SCALE INSTALLED

Other equipment coming under the classi-fication of the transportation department arethe weigh scales, one of which is an 80-tonFairbanks Morse housed opposite StanleyStadium. The other, recently installed inthe upper yard at Copper Cliff, is a 200-tonFairbanks Morse Plate Fulcrum scale, firstof its kind in Canada, and one of only 102in operation as yet in the world. The loadon the scale is transmitted by a series offlexible steel plates to a series of levers,last of which is connected to the scale beam.The plates are made of high-grade chromevanadium alloy steel, having a tensilestrength of 200,000 pounds per square inch.Each plate is formed with a relatively thincentral portion connecting two heavier por-tions or heads. The thin portion gives thenecessary flexibility to allow the lever sys-tem to yield when the weighbridge is underload, although the flexure is so extremelyslight that the stresses induced are wellwithin the elastic limit of the metal, andpermanent distortions cannot occur.

Fatal AccidentAverted by Miracle

It was little short of a miracle that aFrood timberman escaped with his life oneJune day last year as a result of erecting astructure which was entirely inadequate forhis purpose.

He and his partner had to lower a fill-car truck down a chute, and as is usualconstructed a timber structure over whichto snub the ropes as they lowered the truck.But they did the job ineffectively. Thetimberman had the rope wrapped aroundhis arm , and when the timber moved hewas pulled into the chute and fell 70 feetstraight down to solid rock.

But that's where the miracle came in.The edge of the falling truck caught incleats on the side of the chute, the ropestangled, and the timberman caught in theropes. His partner found him danglingupside down in the bottom of the chute, hishead less than six inches from solid rock.He got off with a fractured arm, a lacerationover the eye, and a general body bruising,but carelessness had almost cost him hislife.