Why are Different Why are Different Places Similar?Places Similar?

Scale from Local to Scale from Local to GlobalGlobal

Globalization Globalization

Force or process that involves the Force or process that involves the entire world and results in making entire world and results in making something worldwide in scopesomething worldwide in scope

Economic decisions in one area are Economic decisions in one area are influenced by interaction with influenced by interaction with decision makers located elsewheredecision makers located elsewhere

Transnational Transnational CorporationCorporation

Conducts research, operates Conducts research, operates factories and sells products in factories and sells products in

many countriesmany countries

TN:Corp: Technological TN:Corp: Technological ability to move moneyability to move money

Major centers: New York, Major centers: New York, London and TokyoLondon and Tokyo

TN Corp: remain TN Corp: remain competitive by ID optimal competitive by ID optimal

location for activitieslocation for activities

Globalization has Globalization has heightened economic heightened economic

differences among placesdifferences among places

Every place in the world is Every place in the world is part of the global part of the global

economyeconomy

but globalization has led to but globalization has led to more specialization at the more specialization at the

local levellocal level

Uniform cultural Uniform cultural preferences produce preferences produce

uniform global landscapesuniform global landscapes

Of material artifacts and of Of material artifacts and of cultural valuescultural values

Globalization of cultural Globalization of cultural beliefs and formsbeliefs and forms

Globalization requires a Globalization requires a form of common form of common communicationcommunication

Yet cultural differences Yet cultural differences among places not only among places not only

persist but flourishpersist but flourish

Strong determination on Strong determination on the part of a group to the part of a group to

retain its traditionsretain its traditionsCan lead to intolerance of Can lead to intolerance of people who display other people who display other beliefs, social forms and beliefs, social forms and

material traitsmaterial traits

Space time Space time compressioncompression

Reduction in time it takes Reduction in time it takes for something to reach for something to reach

another placeanother place

Spatial interactionSpatial interaction

Historically interaction required Historically interaction required physical movement of settlersphysical movement of settlers

Now interaction through networks Now interaction through networks transportation, communication etc.transportation, communication etc.

Typically the farther away one group Typically the farther away one group is from another the less likely is from another the less likely interaction: distance decayinteraction: distance decay

Diffusion: process by Diffusion: process by which a characteristic which a characteristic

spreads spreads

From one place to another From one place to another over timeover time

DiffusionDiffusion

Place from which innovation Place from which innovation originates is called a hearthoriginates is called a hearth

Relocation diffusion: spread of an Relocation diffusion: spread of an idea through physical movement of idea through physical movement of peoplepeople

Expansion Diffusion: spread of a Expansion Diffusion: spread of a feature from one place to another in feature from one place to another in a snowballing processa snowballing process

Expansion DiffusionExpansion Diffusion

Hierarchical: Spread of idea from Hierarchical: Spread of idea from persons or nodes of authority or persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or placespower to other persons or places

Contagious: rapid, widespread Contagious: rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic diffusion of a characteristic throughout the populationthroughout the population

Stimulus: Spread of an underlying Stimulus: Spread of an underlying principle even though a principle even though a characteristic itself fails to diffusecharacteristic itself fails to diffuse

Global culture and economy Global culture and economy centered on three hearth regionscentered on three hearth regions

North America, Western Europe and North America, Western Europe and JapanJapan

Large % of world’s advanced Large % of world’s advanced technology, capital to invest and technology, capital to invest and wealth to purchasewealth to purchase

Command centers in New York, Command centers in New York, London and Tokyo.London and Tokyo.

Periphery or outer edgePeriphery or outer edge

Africa, Asia and Latin AmericaAfrica, Asia and Latin America ¾ of world’s population and nearly all ¾ of world’s population and nearly all

growthgrowth Decisions made by transnational Decisions made by transnational

corporations. corporations. Global economy has produced Global economy has produced

greater disparities than in the past greater disparities than in the past between core and periphery: uneven between core and periphery: uneven developmentdevelopment

Space: distribution of Space: distribution of featuresfeatures

Actions at one point in space Actions at one point in space can results from something can results from something happening at another pointhappening at another point

Distribution: arrangement of a Distribution: arrangement of a feature in spacefeature in space

Density: frequency with which Density: frequency with which something occurs in spacesomething occurs in space

Concentration: the extent of a Concentration: the extent of a feature’s spread over spacefeature’s spread over space

clustered/dispersedclustered/dispersed Pattern: the geometric arrangement Pattern: the geometric arrangement

of objects in spaceof objects in space

Gender and Ethnic Gender and Ethnic diversity in Spacediversity in Space

Also effects of race on Also effects of race on spatial interactionspatial interaction