who makes all the important decisions in a command economy? the government, or kojak
TRANSCRIPT
Who makes all the important decisions in a command
economy?
the government, or Kojak
Who makes all the decisions in a free market economy? Who
is the father of this type of economics?
individuals, Adam Smeeeth
What is the driving motivating factor in a
market economy?
self interest, actors respond to incentives
Give three examples of nations with capitalist
economies.
United States, Canada, Great Britain, Japan, Mexico
Identify three of the key rights that individuals have
in the United States economy.
private property, enter contracts, economic
competition, act on self interest, limited government
involvement
What are 4 of the main economic goals of the United
States? Which of these is most difficult to achieve?
freedom, efficiency, equity, security, stability, and growth;
equity is most difficult to achieve
What are the two main measures of economic
stability?
price stability & full employment
What is used to measure the total productivity of an
economy?
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
What is Real GDP? Per capita GDP?
GDP adjusted for inflation; GDP divided by population
What are the four components of the business
cycle?
expansion, peak, contraction, trough
What does a leading indicator tell economists.
The direction the economy is headed in the future
What are two key leading indicators?
housing starts, orders for durable goods, investment
in capital
In a laissez faire system, what determines the price of
a given product?
Interaction of supply and demand
What almost always happens to quantity demanded as
price drops?
it goes up
What impact does increasing income have on demand?
it increases purchasing power which increases demand
What are two other factors that greatly impact overall
demand?
market size (population), tastes and preferences, prices of related goods, consumer
expectations
What is the substitution effect?
consumers will purchase a lower priced substitute if it’s
effective
What is the name for reduced satisfaction achieved from
continued consumption of a particular good?
diminishing marginal return
What does elasticity of demand measure?
the impact on demand of a price change in a particular
good
If demand for a good changes little with changes
in price then demand is elastic or inelastic?
inelastic
What are three key factors that affect elasticity?
availability of substitutes, relative importance, need or
want, how quickly price changes over time
What does a supply schedule measure?
the amount supplied at a given price
If producers are willing to produce a much larger quantity
with a small increase in price supply is considered elastic or
inelastic?
elastic
What are two factors that cause shifts in supply?
price of resources, technology, competition, price of related goods, government activity
What will suppliers do when there is excess demand?
Excess supply?
Raise their price to match equilibrium
Lower their price to match equilibrium
What is the amount of additional cost required to produce one more unit?
marginal cost
Where is market equilibrium?
where the demand curve hits the supply curve
What is a shortage? a surplus?
a shortfall in the amount supplied, an excess of the
amount supplied
What are the two ways of making money on a share of
stock?
Dividends (share of the profit) and appreciation (capital
gain)
What does a “future” represent?
the right to buy a commodity (oil, pork bellies, corn, etc.) in
the future at a set price
What are the two main types of bonds? Are they generally
more or less risky than stocks?
government and corporate, less
What are low risk ways to invest money?
Money market account, CD’s, savings bonds, savings
accounts
What is the strategy that spreads out investments to
reduce risk?
Diversification (investing in a variety of different things)
What do mutual funds do?
Pool the savings of many individuals and invests money
in a variety of stocks
What are the contracts that give investors the choice to
buy or sell stock at a set price in the future?
Options
What is insider trading? Why is it illegal?
Making a stock sale based on information that has not been made public; unfair to rest of
market
What is the primary influence the FED has over
the economy?
They can regulate the money supply by setting key interests rates, buying/selling securities,
and setting reserve requirements
Who prepares the initial budget proposed to
Congress?
The President
Which office manages development of this budget and negotiates between the
President and the various agencies?
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Name two entitlements. What portion of the federal budget do they represent?
Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, more than half
What does Congress’ concurrent budget resolution
do?
Sets forth the spending and tax plan for the upcoming fiscal
year
What is happening when House and Senate budget committees
fit the concurrent budget resolutions to the specific
needs of agencies and programs?
budget reconciliation
What is the final step in the budgeting process after
reconciliation?
The House must issue an appropriations bill approving
the money to fund the budget
What government agency is charged with maintaining high
standards for worker health and workplace safety?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
What government agency has primary responsibility for
overseeing investments and financial markets?
Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
What is the FTC responsible for?
Maintaining the needed conditions for fair trade, enforcing anti-trust laws
When gov’t revenues exceed expenditures it’s called a ____.
When expenditures exceed revenue it’s a ______.
Surplus; Deficit
What does the FDA do?
Responsible for maintaining and enforcing government
standards for the purity and safety of food and drugs
What agency insures bank deposits up to $250,000?
FDIC
Which agency works to ensure fairness in
employment and hiring practices?
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Which agency controls everything from broadcast spectrum to standards for
broadcast content?
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)