WHO ARE THE HISTORIANS?? History is the study of the past. Historians use clues to understand how

people lived in the past. Much like piecing together a puzzle.

-Methods used by historians include:-Studying Primary and secondary sources such as: diaries, paintings, letters, and works of earlier historians.

-Tools: written or depicted evidence of past events

ARCHAEOLOGISTS (WHAT THEY DO AND HOW)

Archaeology is the study of the past, based on items people left behind.

Artifacts- These are the manmade items that have been found through excavation.

-Methods Excavation- Process of removing earth, stone, or

other materials covering the remains of the past (digging up stuff)

-Carbon dating-a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic(bones, plants, hair) matter materials.

TOOLS ARCHAEOLOGIST USE

Tools

-Shovels, trowels, sifting screens, metal detectors, math for measuring, handheld brooms, measuring tapes!

WHY SHOULD WE STUDY THE PAST? History:

helps us understand how people think and

act.

explains how today was shaped by past

events.

promotes good decision- making skills.

teaches you about other people and cultures

provides you with a better understanding of

where and how you live

EARLY HOMINIDS

Mr. Bowling

7th Golden

KEY TERMS

Prehistory Time Before there was writing

Hominid An early ancestor of humans

Paleolithic Age Early Stone Age

Biped Walks on Two Feet

Hunters-Gathers People who hunt animals, gather wild plants,

seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive

AUSTRALOPITHECUS• Short compared to

humans today. – Remains show they

were about 3 Feet Tall• Arms were long, but

hands and feet were similar to a modern humans

• Large head, and their forehead and jaw stuck out from her face

• Many scientists believe they were BIPEDS

• Their brain was only about 1/3 the size of ours

• They also weren’t able to talk

• 3-4 million years ago in Africa• Discovered by Donald

Johanson • Called her “Lucy” b/c

of the song Lucy in Sky with Diamonds by the Beatles

AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS

HOMO HABILIS: HANDY MAN

• 2nd Group of hominids discovered• Searching for signs of hominids in AFRICA• Named Homo Habilis or “Handy Man”

because of the ability to make tools• 1.5-2 million years ago• Walked on two feet• Brain was 2 times bigger than earlier

hominids• Lived in groups

HOMO HABILIS

TOOLS OF THE HANDY MAN

• Very Simple Tools

• Rocks were used for Chopping Tools

• Animal bones as digging sticks

• Sharp pieces of stone for Cutting

HOMO ERECTUS: UPRIGHT MAN

• Stood straight up• First group to

migrate out of Africa…Their remains have been found in Europe and Asia

• Taller and Thinner than previous hominid groups.

• Stronger Bones Good Walkers and Runners

TOOLS OF THE UPRIGHT MAN

• More complex tools– Ex. Strong Hand-Axes made of stone

• Were able to use fire.– Scientists have found burned animal bones in the

same places as Upright Man remains• Were able to use tools to build shelters and

this allowed for travel to new areas and longer time for survival

HOMO SAPIENS: NEANDERTHAL MAN

• Lived in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia

• Lived about 230,000-30,000 years ago

• Walked upright• Shorter and stockier

than modern man, but much stronger

• Large brains• First group to hunt

in organized groups

NEANDERTHAL COMMUNITY Strong Sense of Community

When members died they were laid in burial mounds with hunting tools and flowers.

Worked together when hunting Went in groups and trapped the animals

Cared for the injured and sick

HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS: EARLY MODERNHUMANS• Lived from 35,000 to 12,000 B.C.E.• Originated in Africa

– Then spread to Europe, Asia, and Australia– Came across LAND BRIDGES to North and South

America• Looked more like us than Neanderthals did• Had much better tools• Could not adapt to the cold as well as

Neanderthals

TOOLS OF THE EARLY MODERN HUMANS

Made tools for engraving and sculpting Needles for sewing animal skins together Built shelters out of stone and earth Spear throwers and the bow and arrow

Hunted from a distance and therefore was much safer

THE STONE AGES

Section 1: The First People

SECTION FOCUS

Humans have lived on the earth for millions of years.

Prehistoric people learned to adapt to their environment for survival.

Period of time before writing is called prehistory.

HOMINIDS AND EARLY HUMANS

Hominids first appeared in Africa 3 million years ago.

3 Main groups of Hominids: (Early) Homo Habilis – Skillful Man (Middle) Homo Erectus – Man who walks upright (Last) Homo Sapiens – Man who thinks

Modern humans (Homo Sapiens) appeared about 200,000 years ago in Africa.

HOMINIDS AND EARLY HUMANS

STONE AGE TOOLS The first humans lived during

the Stone Age.

People began using stone tools during the Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age.

Stone Age tools grew more complex as time passed.

STONE AGE TOOLS Earliest tools found in

East Africa.

Each stone was hit with another to create a sharp edge.

First tools were used to cut and grind food.

STONE AGE TOOLS

STONE AGE TOOLS

Improved tools by using better stones and attached wooden handles.

People were now able to hunt larger animals from a distance.

HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES

Early humans formed hunter-gatherer societies.

Society: community of people who share a common culture.

Hunted animals and gathered plants and seeds to survive.

Groups were small and lived in caves.

HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES

HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES

Hunter-gatherer societies developed language, art, and religion.

The most important development was language:Allowed more relationships to

formEasier to huntAllowed food distribution

Paleolithic Age lasted more than 2 million years and ended 10,000 years ago.

HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES