The South and West Transformed 1865 - 1900

Bell RingerWhich of the following statements do you most agree:Westward expansion was an inevitable and positive process.Westward expansion was immoral and unfair because of the way it affected Native Americans.Westward expansion was a process of its time and cannot be judged by modern standards.

The South and West Transformed 1865 - 1900Chapter 6Section 1: The New South

Chapter 6.1: The New South ObjectivesExplain how the southern economy changed in the late 1800s.

Analyze how southern farmers consolidated their political power.

Describe the experience of African Americans in the changing South.Industries and Cities GrowThe South Remained largely agricultural and poor after the Civil WarFarming became more diversified; grain, tobacco, and fruit crops (small farms replaced large plantations)

Railroads Link Cities and TownsTo combat economic isolation, southerners lobbied the federal government for more rail building

Southern Economic Recovery in LimitedSustained economic development requires resources, labor, and capital investment. (industry is a three legged stool.Public education was limited in the South, there were few technical and engineering schools

Southern Farmers Face Hard TimesCash Crop products grown not for there use but sold for cashCotton remained a staple crop after the Civil War and during the war many European textile factories found other sources (depressed prices)

Farms Band TogetherFarmers Alliance farmers in Texas in the 1870 began to organize as a group for lower prices for supplies (lobbied for lower transport cost and loan rates)

Black Southerners Gain and LoseThirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments gave many gains that were stifled by the courts.Voting, Education, businesses, purchasing power, farmer groups(Federal Laws)

White Backlash BeginsKu Klux Klan used terror and violenceCivil Rights Act of 1875 congress guaranteed black patrons the right to ride trains and use public facilitiesSupreme Court ruled that these were local issues

Bell Work: VocabUsing Chapter 6.2 (pg. 160), Describe in detail the following terms & people.

reservation

Chief Joseph

Assimilate

Dawes General Allotment ActSection 2: Westward Expansion & the American Indians

Chapter 6.2: ObjectivesCompare the ways Native Americans & white settlers viewed & used the land.

Describe the conflicts between white settlers & Indians.

Evaluate the impact of the Indian Wars.Cultures Under PressureThe federal government forced Native Americans west past the Mississippi to lands they were to have FOREVER during the 1840s.

Cultures Under PressureWestward expansion would soon dissolved this promise Great American DesertNative Americans had many diverse cultures influenced by geographyPacific North west fish and forestsSouth hunter-gatherersSouth West arid lands Pueblo peoplePlains buffalo(Natives saw themselves as part of nature)Threatened by Advancing SettlersPresident Jackson moved the Cherokees off their land in Georgia and onto the Great Plains (Whites were discouraged form contact with the Native Americans)Gold and Silver Reservations specific areas set aside by the government for Indians use

New Settlers and Native Americans Clash

Sand Creek Massacre 1864; Colorado militia killed a camp of unarmed Cheyenne/Arapaho Indians, whom were under protection.Fetterman Massacre 1866; Red Cloud (Sioux) lured Capt. Fetterman/troops into an ambush. U.S. I. P. C. lasting peace would come only if N.A. assimilated.Fort Laramie Treaty 1868; U.S. no road through Sioux land/abandon 3 forts. Indians live on reservation w/support of govt. Red River War 1874; Indians attack Texans. Marked end of Southern Buffalo herds. Opened Western Panhandle of Texas to settlers. Final defeat of southern Plains Indians.Little Big Horn 1876; Prospectors Vs. Sioux (Crazy horse & Sitting Bull). Custer sent to drive Indians out. Sioux kill Custer/250 men.Nez Perces 1877; U.S. attempts to move Christian Indians. Chief Joseph leads refugees 1,300 miles to Canada. Surrender short. Wounded Knee 1890; Ghost Dance revival. U.S. arrest Sitting Bull to stop. Troops sent after fleeing Indians. All 100 Indians killed. Seals Indian demise. The End of the Indian WarsRed River War U.S. failed to fulfill the Treaty of Medicine Lodge, and keep white buffalo hunters off Indian land

Battle of the Little Big HornSitting Bull famed fighter, trained holy man, first ever chief of the seven bands Battle of the Little Big Horn led by Crazy Horse, Custer and all of his men were killed

Chief JosephChief Joseph led a group of refugees to Canada 1,300 miles

Wounded KneeWounded Knee sealed the Indians demise after being weakened more than 100 men women and children were killed

The Government Promotes AssimilationAssimilated to be absorbed into the main culture of a societyDawes General Allotment Act replaced the reservation system with an allotment system. Each family was given 160-acre farmstead