where does water come from?. what is an atom? simplest part of an element. protons = + charges...
TRANSCRIPT
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Where Does Water Come From?
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What is an atom?
• Simplest part of an element.
• Protons = + charges• Neutrons = no charge• Electrons = - charge
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Atoms form molecules by bonding covalently.
Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms covalently bond to form a water molecule.
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Properties of Water
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Molecular Structure & Polarity
• Water is a "polar" molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of electrons resulting in a molecule with a both a positively and negatively charged region.
• In other words, the electrons are not shared equally.
Covalent Bond
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Hydrogen Bond
• Positive charges on one molecule and negative charges on another molecule attract each other and form hydrogen bonds.
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View the video on Polarity and H Bonding!
• Click on the bucket of water below to watch the short animation on water.
Click on “NEXT” when you are finished.
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Cohesion
• Due to water’s polarity, water molecules stick to each other forming hydrogen bonds!
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Adhesion
• Due to polarity, water sticks to other surfaces as well (unlike substances, opposites attract).
Meniscus
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Capillary action/Low Viscosity• Due to polarity, water is
able to move through small spaces, against gravity.
• Cohesion and adhesion are also seen in this property.
• This helps move water to the tops of tall trees and through veins in humans.
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Surface tension
• Due to polarity, hydrogen bonds form at the surface of water, forming an “elastic film”.
• Things that are light enough like water bugs can live and exist in an ecosystem on top of the water.
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Density• Unlike most substances,
water becomes less dense when it freezes.
• H bonds first condense when water is cold but then expands when water freezes leaving air pockets between the water molecules.
• Ice floating acts as an insulator to water in a body of water so fish don’t die in the winter.
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Density
•Cold water is more dense then hot water.•Cold water sinks (H bonds condense)•Hot water floats (H bonds expand)•Cause of currents in ocean; different life found at bottom of ocean compared to top.
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Solubility/Universal Solvent
• Because of water’s polarity, it is a universal solvent (can dissolve many things)
• Solute is the material being dissolved in a solution.
Animation of a solution forming
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Due to polarity, water’s opposite charges attract to the oppositecharged ions in salt.
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Dissolving (solvent and solute forms a solution)
• The slight positively charged areas of the water, surround the Cl- parts of the salt.
• The slight negatively charged areas of the water, surround the Na+ parts of the salt.
• This property aides in the process of digestion.
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High Specific Heat Capacity(Temperature Moderation)
• Water takes a long time to heat up and cool down.
• This is because heat energy is first used to break H bonds, leaving less heat energy to increase movement of the molecules which is necessary to increase temperature.
• This property helps maintain homeostasis (body temperature) and prevents bodies of water form changing drastically, effect life in it.
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pH (potential hydrogen)• Solutions are either an acid (below 7), base (above 7) or neutral (7).
• Due to the dissociation of water, H2O can break apart in a solution and become H+ (making a solution acidic) or OH- (making a solution basic)
• If there is an equal amount of each ion, the solution is neutral.• Water being neutral
prevents tissue from
being damaged in living
things.