“Whats New Public Health”

DR. RAMAN SWATHY VAMANMPH SCHOLAR

CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

Public Health………

Public health refers to "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals

Old Public Health

New Public Health

Six eras in the evolution of Public Health

1) Health Protection (Antiquity --1830s)2) Miasma Control (1840s —1870s)3) Contagion Control ( 1880s —1930s)4) Preventive Medicine (1940s -– 1960s)5) Primary Health Care ( 1970s —1980s) 6) Health Promotion ( 1990s– present)

1) Health Protection Era

Antiquity to 1830s Enforced regulation of Human Behaviour Quarantine of illegal migrants, enforcement of

some environmental protection laws, aspects of spirituality in prevention and coping with disease, some occupational and transport safety laws

2) Miasma control era

1840s to 1870s Addressing unsanitary

environmental conditions may prevent disease

Sir Edwin Chadwick Public health legislations Fondations of modern

epidemiology and surveillance

3)Contagion control era

1880s to 1930s Germ theory of disease / Robert Koch Evidence based public health practice Ethical vaccination principles Foundations for international

cooperation in health Foundations for modern chemotherapy

4) Preventive medicine era 1940s to 1960s Focus on the prevention and cure of diseases in “High

Risk groups” Disease “Vectors” Identification of Useful microbes Role of nutrient deficiencies Focus on high risk populations in the planning and

implementation of public health programs Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of

communicable and non communicable diseases

5) Primary Health care era

1970s to 1980s “Health for All” Alma-Ata declaration 1978 Emphasis on Global Cooperation and peace Equity in health care Adapting health services to countries and

communities Links b/w healthcare and socioeconomic

development Intersectoral cooperation in health promotion

and disease prevention

6) New Public Health

Health Promotion era1986 Ottawa Charter5 key principles 1) Build healthy public policy 2) Create supportive environments 3) Strenghthen community action 4) Develop personal skills 5) Reorient health services

“Health Promotion” Dr. Henry

SigeristDescribes the health education interventions and related organizational , political and economic interventions that are designed to facilitate behavioural and environmental changes to improve Health.

3 Core Components

Health Education

Prevention

Protection

What’s “NEW” in New Public Health???

Legacies of the old era revised in the light of advances in knowledge, increasing concerns about human rights and emerging threats to health………..

Thank U All…..