What we are looking for

through utilizing the global earth

observation

14 January 2012

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Yusuke AMANO

1

To clarify what sort of data are to be

monitored for the following stages of

water resources management including

flood management.

1. Planning WRM

2. Operating WRM system when drought or

flood is occurring

Outline

Our expectation and/or hope

to the global earth observation 2

1. Planning for water resources management

Demand SupplyWater Balance

Water demand is not only the current needs

on water but also the future needs in

consideration with economic growth and

population increase.

Supply potential in a drought year in the

current and future climate.

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1. Planning for water resources management

Demand

SupplyWater Balance

� Reducing the usage of water

� Recycling of waste water

� Storage (reservoirs, lakes)

� Reducing the water leakage

Planning for Water Resource Management

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1. Planning for water resources management

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Macedonia(1999)The study on integrated water resources development and management master plan

Bulgaria(2008)The Study on Integrated Water Management

Nigeria(1995)The Study on the National Water Resources Master Plan

Vietnam(2003)The study on nationwide water resources development and management

Philippines(1998)Master plan study on water resources management

Malaysia(1982)National Water Resources Study

Zambia(1995)The study on the national water resources master plan

Kenya(1998)The aftercare study on the national water master plan

Kenya(1992)The study on national water master plan

Cote d'Ivoire(2001)Master plan study on integrated water resources management

JICA has provided technical assistances to

establish the national WRM plan.

1. Planning for flood management

Flood scale targeted to protect the area is to

be determined.

� Annual maximum river discharge in certain

return period (which is calculated by model

utilizing annual maximum rainfall) or

� Annual maximum river discharge in record

� Increasing river flow capacity (embankment,

widening channel, etc)

� Storage (reservoirs, lakes, retarding basins)

Planning for flood management6

For Structural Measures

+ Non Structural Measures

� Study on Integrated Plan for Flood Mitigation in Chao

Phraya River Basin in 1999

1. Planning for flood management

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JICA has provided technical assistances to

establish the flood management plan.

� Study on Plan for Flood Management in Metro Manila in

1990

Floodway

1. Planning for water resources management

Necessary Data to plan WRM

� water consumption for portable water,

agriculture (irrigation) and industrial water

� simulation on population growth and

economic growth

� rainfall (daily), river flow quantity (daily),

operation data of the reservoir (daily) and

groundwater level (daily)

at the respective river basins [during at

least 10 years]

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1. Planning for flood management

Necessary Data to plan for flood mng.

� Topographical data in rivers (dike/bank

alignment, cross sections, weirs, etc.)

� Topographical data in basins

� Inundation data (area, depth, duration)

recorded in the past flood

� rainfall (hourly), water level in rivers

(hourly) , river flow quantity (hourly),

operation data of the reservoir (hourly)

at the respective river basins [during at

least 10 years] 9

1. Planning

Rainfall-runoff simulation model

Rain is a natural phenomenon which has time and

spatial distribution. Rainfall gauge produces data at only a point. The whole rainfall distribution and

run-off process are integrated into one (river flow quantity).

To compromise missing data, water circle simulation

model is established.

rainfall, evaporation

(temperature), geographical

data, land use, (snowfall)

Model

river flow quantity, ground water level

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1) insufficient monitoring stations

2) inadequate operation and

maintenance for monitoring stations

3) shortage of monitoring duration and

inconsecutive monitoring

4) incorrect data

5) not stored data

Issues to be tackled regarding data collection

1. Planning

It is expected that the development of global

observation will help better planning for

IWRM. 11

2. Operating WRM system

Demand

SupplyWater Balance

If water supply is insufficient,

It is needed to

�Increase the amount of discharge

from a dam etc. and/or

�Implement the restriction on water

intake 12

2. Operating WRM system

Necessary Data for WRM

For water demand,

�Present water consumption for portable

water, agriculture (irrigation) and industrial

water [on a daily basis]

�Water rights for the respective water users

For water supply,

�Present river flow quantity , present dam

discharge and present groundwater level

�Past data mentioned above

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2. Operating WRM system

JICA has provided some assistances for

operating WRM system.

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� Proposal for establishing WRM system

� Installation of the weather and hydrological

observation equipments

� Capacity Development for operating WRM

system

2. Operating flood risk reduction system

It is needed to grasp

�the real rainfall

�the real water level in rivers

(river flow quantity)

�the real data on dam operation 15

To reduce the risk on flood, it is important

to forecast and warn flood based on

monitoring rainfall and water level in rivers.

Therefore

2. Operating flood risk reduction system

Necessary Data for Flood

�Present cumulative amount of rainfall,

present water level in rivers, present river

flow quantity and present dam discharge at

the respective river basins [on a hourly

basis]

�Past data mentioned above

�Forecasting the amount of rainfall,

predicting water level in rivers one hour

after

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2. Operating flood risk reduction system

JICA has provided some assistances for risk

reduction on flood.

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� Installation of the weather and hydrological

observation equipments and development of

flood forecasting and warning system

� Capacity Development on flood risk reduction

‣Community-based

early warning system

‣Study for Disaster Risk

Management

Issues to be tackled regarding data collection

2. Operating

It is expected that the development of global

observation will help better operation of

IWRM system. 18

1) insufficient monitoring stations

2) inadequate operation and maintenance for

monitoring stations

3) incorrect data

4) not transmitted data in a timely manner

5) no installation of flood forecasting

system

JICA’ Challenge

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1) To support to develop better IWRM

system including on-time and on-site

activities; and

2) To incorporate the latest achievement of

global earth observation into the IWRM

system.

Thank you for your attention.