what people want from governments
DESCRIPTION
This is one of 2 presentations at the 4th Afrobarometer Round 5 Global Release event in Accra, Ghana on December 11, 2013 which focused on "Government Services and Natural Resources. The results show that Water & sanitation services and basic health care biggest performance issuesTRANSCRIPT
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What people want from governments Water & sanitation services and basic health care biggest performance issues
www.afrobarometer.org
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Afrobarometer Explained
The Afrobarometer (AB) is a comparative series of public opinion surveys that measure public attitudes toward democracy, governance, the economy, leadership, identity, and other related issues. The AB is an independent, non-partisan, African-based network of researchers. The first round of surveys took place in 1999-2001 in 12 countries. The Network is now conducting “Round 5” surveys in up to 35 countries during 2011-2013. Purpose: To measure popular perspectives on the social, political, and economic environments in each country where it is implemented and across Africa. Goal: To give the public a voice in policy making processes by providing high-quality public opinion data to policy-makers, policy advocates and civil society organizations, academics, media, donors and investors, and ordinary Africans.
2
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Survey Scope
Round 1, 1999-2001, 12 countries
Southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
West Africa: Ghana, Mali, Nigeria
East Africa: Tanzania, Uganda
Round 2, 2002-2003, 16 countries, adding:
Cape Verde, Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal
Round 3, 2005-2006, 18 countries, adding:
Benin, Madagascar
Round 4, 2008-2009, 20 countries, adding:
Burkina Faso, Liberia
Round 5, 2011-2013, up to 35 countries, adding:
Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Togo, Tunisia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Swaziland
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Who is Afrobarometer
A Pan-African Network of survey researchers and analysts.
In each country there is a National Partner responsible for survey implementation.
Four Core Partners provide technical assistance and Network management:
Center for Democratic Development (CDD), Ghana
Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR), South Africa
Institute for Development Studies (IDS), University of Nairobi, Kenya
Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP), Benin
Two Support Units for capacity building and quality assurance
Michigan State University
University of Cape Town
Round 5 Core Funders include
DFID
SIDA
USAID
Mo Ibrahim Foundation
World Bank 4
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Survey Methodology
• Nationally representative sample of adult citizens
– all respondents are randomly selected
– every adult citizen has an equal and known chance of being selected
• Face-to-face interviews in the language of the respondent’s choice
• Standard survey instrument across all countries for comparability
• These 34-country results therefore represent the views of approximately three-quarters (76%) of the continent’s population with a margin of error of +/-2% at a 95% confidence level.
• The total number of respondents in the 34 countries was 51,605.
5
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Global Dissemination Events
• 1 October 2013 - Lived poverty and the Economy
• 16 October 2013 Globalization and the Freedom to Communicate
• 13 November 2013 Corruption & the Poor
• 12 December Government Services & Resource Management
• 23 January Taxation
• 19 February 2013 Gender
• 12 March 2013 Democracy
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Face to Face
Interviews in 34
Countries
Finding out what the people have to day
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PEOPLE CRY OUT FOR BASIC NEEDS
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Dissatisfaction with public services
56 55
41 37
20
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60% W
ate
r &
san
ita
tio
n
Po
we
r
sup
ply
Imp
rov
ing
ba
sic
he
alth
serv
ice
s
Ad
dre
sin
g
ed
uc
atio
n
ne
ed
s
Co
mb
att
ing
HIV
/AID
S
Participants were asked: “How well or badly would you say the
current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you
heard enough to say?” (% who said fairly or very badly)
Highs & Low: Water & Sanitation Performance Ratings
78 75
71 71 69
56
49 47 43
38
31 28
23
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Eg
yp
t
Ca
me
roo
n
Nig
eria
Tun
isia
Tog
o
Me
an
Leso
tho
Sie
rra
Le
on
e
So
uth
Afr
ica
Ma
uritiu
s
Bo
tsw
an
a
Ma
law
i
Alg
eria
“How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or
haven’t you heard enough to say?...water & sanitation” (% fairly or very badly)
Dissatisfied Customers: High & Lows on Power Supply
80 80 78 77 74 72
55
43 40 36 35
31
19
4
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Zim
ba
bw
e
Gu
ine
a
Ug
an
da
Lib
eria
Ma
da
ga
sca
r
Bu
run
di
Me
an
Su
da
n
Sie
rra
Le
on
e
Ke
nya
So
uth
Afr
ica
Bo
tsw
an
a
Alg
eria
Ma
uritiu
s
“How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say?...power supply” (% fairly or very badly)
High & Lows: States’ School Performance
79
68 63 63
56 53
42 37
28
23
17 16
9 8
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90% Eg
yp
t
Tun
isia
Mo
roc
co
Su
da
n
Se
ne
ga
l
Nig
eria
Ma
da
ga
sca
r
Me
an
Leso
tho
Na
mib
ia
Sw
azi
lan
d
Bo
tsw
an
a
Ma
uritiu
s
Bu
run
di
How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say?...public education” (% fairly or very badly)
Highs & Lows: Dissatisfaction with Health Care
83
71 67 64
58 57 56
41
31 29 29 24
15 15 14 13
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Eg
yp
t
Tun
isia
Mo
roc
co
Su
da
n
Gu
ine
a
Tan
zan
ia
Se
ne
ga
l
Me
an
Zim
ba
bw
e
Sie
rra
Le
on
e
Leso
tho
Na
mib
ia
Bo
tsw
an
a
Ma
uritiu
s
Sw
azi
lan
d
Bu
run
di
“How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following
matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say?...basic health services” (% who said fairly or very badly)
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HIV/AIDs Performance Rating
Exceeds All Others: Highs & Lows
94 92 88 87 85 84 82
69
48 40 38
18 13
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Bo
tsw
an
a
Sw
azi
lan
d
Bu
run
di
Na
mib
ia
Ca
me
roo
n
Zim
ba
bw
e
Ma
uritiu
s
Me
an
Leso
tho
Ma
da
ga
sca
r
Mo
roc
co
Tun
isia
Eg
yp
t
“How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say?...combating HIV/AIDS” (% fairly or very well)
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Key Findings: Basic Service
Performance
• High dissatisfaction with provision of public services: more than half say government has done fairly or very badly in providing a reliable power supply or clean water
and sanitation services.
• Health service delivery and education attract
higher approval rates: A large minority (41%) say
government has done fairly or very badly at improving basic
health services while only 37% disapprove of states’ school
performance.
• HIV/AIDS performance attracts high approval rates:
A sizeable majority (69%) say government has done fairly or
very well combatting HIV/AIDS.
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GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE OVER TIME
Developing or Diminishing?
Government Performance Ratings |2002 to 2012| 16 Countries
Only the assessment of governments’ AIDS/HIV work has improved in the 16
countries that Afrobarometer has surveyed since 2002
62 59
68
62
51
43
41
38
65
74
20%
40%
60%
80%
2002 2005 2008 2012
Improving basic health services Addressing educational needs Providing water/ sanitation services
Providing reliable electric supply Combatting HIV/AIDS
Health Ratings Decline in 4 States |2002 to 2012
72
43
%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Circa 2002 Circa 2005 Circa 2008 Circa 2012
Kenya Mali Uganda Tanzania
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Key Findings: Performance
Assessment Changes Over Time
• Declining approval ratings of basic health services: across 16 countries in which data are available, approval ratings of education, health services, and
water and sanitation services have declined since 2002.
The decline in health ratings is particularly pronounced in
Tanzania and Uganda from 2002 to 2012.
• Rising approval ratings of combatting HIV/AIDS: In
contrast to declining ratings of basic service provision,
the over-time trend in assessments of government performance in combatting HIV/AIDS is positive.
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EASE OF ACCESS TO SERVICE RATINGS
People rate their ability to access medical care & schools
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People Find Obtaining Some Services
Challenging: Primary Schools Easiest to Access
Participants were asked: “Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you never try and get these services from government?”(% who said fairly or very difficult)
64
27
44
33
70
55
0
20
40
60
80
Piped water, electricity
and phone
Placement in public
primary school
Treatment in public health
facilities
pe
rce
nt
Difficult/very difficult Easy/very easy
Highs & Lows: Primary School in Reach for Most
“Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you never try and get these services from government?” (% who said fairly or very easy)
3 7 10 13 11
27
42 44
48
71
82
96 91 89 86 84
70
46 52 49
28
14
0
20
40
60
80
100
Alg
eria
Ma
uritiu
s
Nig
er
Bu
run
di
Bo
tsw
an
a
Av
era
ge
Eg
yp
t
Lib
eria
Gu
ine
a
Mo
zam
biq
ue
Ca
pe
Ve
rde
pe
rce
nt
Difficult/very difficult Easy/very easy
High & Low: Difficulties Accessing Water & Power
“Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you never try and get these services from government?” (% who said fairly or very difficult)
6
16 17 18 25
44
65 68 71
76 79
94
84 82 81 75
55
35 31
26 24 19
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ma
uritiu
s
Sw
azi
lan
d
Alg
eria
Bo
tsw
an
a
Na
mib
ia
Av
era
ge
Se
ne
ga
l
Su
da
n
Eg
yp
t
Gu
ine
a
Mo
roc
co
pe
rce
nt
Difficult/very difficult Easy/very easy
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Key Findings: Service Accessibility
• A substantial majority (64%) has difficulty accessing
piped water, electricity, and phone services.
• A sizeable minority (44%) has difficulty accessing
health services or obtaining placement in primary
schools (27%).
• While easy access to public primary education is
reportedly high in Algeria, Niger and Mauritius,
fewer than 30% of Cape Verdeans and
Mozambicans say they have easy access to
placements in public primary schools.
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PUBLIC SERVICE PROFILE
What services are most missing?
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State of the Schools Ratings
Participants were asked: “Have you encountered any of these
problems with your public schools during the past 12 months?”
(% who said selected each option)
47 50
54 55 57 61
52
45 42 42 41
36
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Services too
expensive
Poor teaching Absent
teachers
Poor conditions
of facilities
Lack of
textbooks or
other supplies
Overcrowded
classrooms
At least once No problems
Health Care Experiences
Participants were asked: “Have you encountered any of these problems with
your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months?” (% who chose
each option)
46 51
55 57
69
77
51 48
43 42
31
22
0
20
40
60
80
Dirty
facilities
Services
too
expensive
Absent
doctors
Lack of
attention or
respect
from staff
Lack of
medicines
or other
supplies
Long
waiting
time
pe
rce
nt
At least once No problem
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Key Findings: Service Quality
• Majorities of users identify serious shortcomings in service delivery, including long wait times (77%) and lack of medicines or supplies (69%) in public clinics and hospitals, and overcrowded classrooms (61%) and lack of textbooks and supplies (57%) in schools.
• Overtime, approval ratings have declined across 16 countries in which data are available. In contrast, nearly 7 in 10 Africans (69%) approve government performance in combating HIV/AIDS, and the over-time trend in assessments is positive
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Thank you!
This presentation is based on a briefing by Joseph Asunka