Are you hyper-pigmented?By Theresa Mau

WHAT?Age Spot

Freckles

Liver Spot

Melasma

Acne scar

WHY?

The dark spot on our skin is actually melanin, produced by a skin cell called melanocyte, to protect other skin cell’s DNA from sun damaged or other factors.

Melanocyte, is a melanin- producing cell located at the bottom of skin’s epidermis.!!

!

Melanin

The ration between normal skin cell and melanocytes are 10:1

Every human have almost the same amount of melanocytes, the only difference is their reactivity.

There are three type of melanin:

Eumelanin, pheomelanin, neuromelanin

THE PROCESS OF MELANOGENESIS

Key Point!

http://www.makeupstash.com/2010/04/shiseido-white-lucent.html

Oxidation process(Pigmentation)

Reduction process (Whitening)

• an enzyme to accelerate the oxidation process.

• Melanin will be produced more if tyrosinase reactivity is high.

HOW?

Internal Factor External Factor

• Inherited

• Hormonal change

• Sun Damage

• Incorrect use of cosmetic

• Chemical infection

Freckles

• Light brown, flat and very small spots. Usually symmetrical between both side.

• Will be darker and obvious after sun exposure.

• Commonly found on children before puberty.

• More susceptible to UVB harmful effect. Advisable to avoid overexposure to sun or apply sunscreen frequently.

Characteristic

Factors• Freckles can be found on

anyone but the amount of freckles are generic.

• Melanocytes are more active.

• Triggered by sun exposure.

AGE SPOT

Characteristic• Small, darkened patches that usually

found on hands, face or other area which frequently exposed to sun. They are vary in size.

• Very common in older adults, but they can affect younger people as well.

• Over-exposure to UV

• Accumulated with chemical substances

• Low Quality cosmetic and skin care.

Factors

MELASMAFactor

• Stimulation of melanocyte by female sex hormone estrogen to produce more melanin pigment when skin is exposed to sun.

• Due to hormonal changes like pregnancy or those who are taking oral contraceptives or hormonal medication.

• Genetic predisposition is also one of the factor.

• dark, irregular patches commonly found on the upper cheek, nose, lips, upper lip, and forehead.

• Often develop gradually over time.

Characteristic

ACNE SCARFactor

• Acne scars are the result of inflammation within the dermis brought on by acne.

• The scar is created by the wound trying to heal itself resulting in too much collagen in one spot.

ACNE SCAR

• develop when there is a loss of tissue.

Hypertrophic or keloid scarring

Atrophic or depressed scarring

• caused when the body produces too much collagen as acne wounds heal, resulting in a mass of raised tissue on the skin's surface.

Thank you!

Next Chapter: The solution for hyper pigmentation

Reference

• http://www.mayoclinic.org/

• http://www.makeupstash.com/

• https://www.asds.net/

• http://skincarelabel.blogspot.com/