what is history?

What is history?

Everything that happens is a part of history. (We will discuss

the major stuff)

What do we call the study of the people, land and resources of

an area?

geography

What do we call a person who studies history?

historian

Who researches and finds information for historians?

Social scientists

What do we call a first hand account?

Primary source

Where did the first Native Americans come from?

Siberia in Asia

What do we call a second hand account?

Secondary source

Is the following a primary or secondary source –

encyclopedia

secondary


journal

primary


letter

primary


video tape

primary


text book

secondary


biography

secondary


autobiography

primary


song

primary

What type of source is the most reliable?

primary

What do we call what it looks like outside at this very

moment?

weather

What do we call the average weather over a period of time?

Climate

What do we call the total way of life of a group of people?

culture

When did the first Native Americans come to North

America?

During the last ice age

How did the first Native Americans get to the North

America?

Across a land bridge

What 5 tribes made up the Iroquois Confederacy?

Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk (SCOOM)

What did the Iroquois call themselves?

Haudenosaunee

What do the Iroquois call corn, beans and squash?

3 sisters

What did the Iroquois live in?

longhouses

What did the Iroquois base their time upon?

Nature and the seasons

What word means a person’s descent is traced through the

female?

matrilineal

What was the sixth nation to join the Iroquois Confederacy?

Tuscarora

What were the 3 reasons for Spanish colonization of the

Americas?

God, Gold and Glory (3 G’s) – remember I might word these

differently

What do we call the transfer of goods and ideas between the

new and old world?

Columbian Exchange

Who explored for both England and the Dutch?

Henry Hudson

What were the two main jobs for the French settlers?

Trapping and trading

What was the main occupation of the people of New

Netherlands?

Fur trading

What European country originally controlled Canada?

France

How did Spanish settlement affect the Native Americans?

Death, slavery,

Native Americans lost land

What European country controlled much of Central

America and Mexico?

What European country controlled originally controlled

New York State?

The Netherlands (also known as Holland or the Dutch)

What do we call a passageway through or around North

America?

Northwest Passage

What Native American tribe became friends with the Dutch?

Iroquois

What Native American tribes became allies of the French?

Algonquins and Hurons

Bodies of Water

A - Pacific OceanB - Gulf of MexicoC - Atlantic Ocean

Mountain Ranges

A - Appalachian MountainsB - Sierra Nevada

C- Rocky MountainsD - Cascades

Physical Regions

A- Pacific Coast B – Rocky Mountain

C- Interior PlainsD - Appalachian Mountain

E - Coastal Plains

Rivers

A - Missouri RiverB - Mississippi River

C - Ohio RiverD - St. Lawrence RiverE - Rio Grande River

What region was known for its whalers?

New England

What are assemblies and legislatures?

Lawmaking bodies

Who was the founder of Maryland?

Lord Baltimore

What do we call people who agreed to work in exchange for their trip to the colonies being

paid for?

Indentured servants

What goods were traded from Africa to the West Indies as part of the Triangular Trade Route?

slaves

What region grew wheat, barley and rye?

Middle Colonies

What types of goods were traded from England to the

colonies as part of the triangular trade route?

Manufactured goods

In the triangular trade system, what goods were sent from the

West Indies to the colonies?

Sugar and molasses (and slaves from Africa)

What colonial region was educated through private

schools?

Middle colonies

Which regions farmers were mostly subsistence farmers?

New England

Who was the founder of Georgia?

James Oglethorpe

What colonial region was educated through public

schools? (So they can read the Bible.)

New England

What do we call the series of trading routes found in colonial

times?

Triangular trade

What colonial region educated their children through tutors?

southern

Who was the founder of Pennsylvania?

William Penn

What region was known for its shipbuilding?

New England

What colony was founded as a home for debtors?

Georgia

What was the name for the series of laws passed to control

the slaves?

Slave codes

What colonies legislature was called the House of Burgesses?

Virginia

What do we call a person who learned a trade from a master

craftsman?

apprentice

What religion was associated with Maryland?

Catholic

What was the name of the slave trip from Africa to the colonies?

Middle Passage

What was the theory called which said that a country

became strong by increasing trade and building up its gold

supply.

mercantilism

What do we call the rich area of the Southern Colonies?

tidewater

What colony did the Puritans and Pilgrims settle in?

Massachusetts

What are crops called which are sold for a profit?

Cash crop

What was the name for the document which the Pilgrims wrote telling how they were

going to govern their settlement?

Mayflower Compact

What is the belief that one race is superior to another?

racism

Who was the founder of Rhode Island?

Roger Williams

What colonial region was known as the Breadbasket Colonies?

Middle Colonies

What women said God spoke directly to her?

Anne Hutchinson

What do we call the area next to the Appalachian Mountains?

backcountry

Who was the founder of the colony later known as New

York?

Peter Minuit

What was the religion associated with Pennsylvania?

Quakers

What were the German speaking people of

Pennsylvania known as?

Pennsylvania Dutch

In the triangular trade system, what goods were sent from the

colonies to Africa?

Tools, fish, lumber, etc. (things found in the colonies)

Which region was home to plantations?

Southern Colonies

Which region had the longest growing seasons?

Southern Colonies

What region was the most religious?

New England (mostly Massachusetts)

What was the first permanent English settlement in the New

World?

Jamestown

What word means a willingness to let others practice their own

beliefs?

toleration

What region had rocky soil?

New England

What leader helped Jamestown to survive?

John Smith

Which region was known for its craftsmen?

Middle Colonies (especially the Pennsylvania

Dutch)

What was the general name for goods such as lumber and iron,

which were traded from the colonies to England?

Raw materials

Who was the founder of Connecticut?

Thomas Hooker

What were the main crops of the Southern Colonies?

Tobacco, indigo and rice

What type of labor dominated southern plantations?

slaves

What do we call goods entering a country?

imports

What do we call goods leaving a country?

exports

Where did the French and Indian War begin?

The Ohio River Valley.

What was the cause of the French and Indian War?

The cause of the French and Indian War was the fur trade with the Native Americans. It

was also part of a series of wars that had been going on for the last 100 years between France

and Britain.

What territory did France claim before the war began?

France controlled much of modern day Canada as well as

the Mississippi River valley.

What tribes were allies of the French in the French and Indian

War?

The Algonquins and Hurons.

What tribe was an ally of the British in the French and Indian

War?

Iroquois

What advantages did the French have in the French and

Indian War?

They fought like the Native Americans using the trees for cover. They also had only 1 government in North America which made decisions a lot

easier to be made.

What disadvantage did France have in the French and Indian

War?

The French had a lot less people in the colonies.

What advantages did the English have in the French and

Indian War?

The British had the best army in the world. They also had many more people in the colonies to

fight the war.

What disadvantages did the English have in the French and

Indian War?

The English tried to fight the war as they would in the open fields

of Europe. They did not take advantage of the cover offered and were easy targets for the

French.

What was the last battle of the French and Indian War?

The Battle of Quebec

What was the name of the treaty at the end of the French

and Indian War?

The Treaty of Paris

What did the Treaty of Paris say?

Most of the French land in the colonies was given to Britain.

Who proposed the Albany Plan of Union?

Ben Franklin

What was the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union?

To unite the colonies to plan for defense. It didn’t work because colonies didn’t want to give up

any power.

What act forbid settlers to move west of the Appalachian

Mountains?

The Proclamation of 1763 forbid settlers to move west of the

Appalachian Mountains. Many settlers ignored this

proclamation. Britain was trying to stop settler / Native American

conflicts over land.

What act, passed in 1765, placed taxes on legal

documents such as wills, diplomas, marriage papers, newspapers, playing cards

and even dice?

• The Stamp Act.

What was the colonists reaction to the Stamp Act?

Riots broke out in cities like New York. Mobs harassed

British tax officials by throwing rocks and tarring and feathering them. They hanged or burned effigies of the British officials.

A huge complaint the colonists had was that of “No taxation

without representation!” What did this mean?

“No taxation without representation” arose because

the colonists did not elect anybody to the British

Parliament. The colonists claimed that Parliament could

not tax them because they were represented in Parliament.

What was the Stamp Act Congress?

The Stamp Act Congress was when 9 colonies sent delegates to discuss what to do about the

Stamp Act. They decided to boycott British goods.

What does boycott mean?

Boycott means to refuse to buy certain goods. It was a very

common and successful means of colonial protest. The boycott

caused the Stamp Act to be repealed.

What does repeal mean?

Repeal means to cancel. The Stamp Act was repealed after

the colonial boycott.

In 1767 the Townshend Acts were passed. What did the

Townshend Acts tax?

The Townshend Acts taxed glass, paint, lead, paper and

tea. These were very important colonial goods.

What was the colonists reaction to the Townshend Acts?

The colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by getting

merchants to sign nonimportation agreements. Nonimportation agreements said that these people would

stop importing British goods that were taxed by the Townshend

Acts.

The Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty were also formed. These were groups of

men (and women) who protested British actions.

Writs of assistance were another thing established under

the Townshend Acts. What were writs of assistance?

Writs of assistance allowed a customs officer to search a ship without giving a reason. Writs of assistance were often used

by the British to harass Sons of Liberty and other people

thought to be against the British actions.

This person was a failure on business. He lived in Boston where he was a leader of the

Sons of Liberty. He organized the committees of

correspondence. Who was he?

Sam Adams

What were the committees of correspondence?

The committees of correspondence were a group

of people who wrote letters telling people in other colonies

what was going on in the writers colony. They were started by

Sam Adams in Boston.

This lawyer from Massachusetts was Sam Adams cousin. His knowledge of British law was very helpful to the colonists.

Who was he?

John Adams

The Quartering Act was passed in 1767. What did the Quartering Act say?

The Quartering Act said that colonists had to house and feed

British soldiers.

The Boston Massacre happened on March 5, 1770.

What was the Boston Massacre?

In the Boston Massacre, British soldiers shot and killed 5

colonists. They were mostly Sons of Liberty. The colonists provoked the British into firing. The Sons of Liberty used this event to get people mad at the

British.

Britain repealed much of the Townshend Acts in 1770. It did keep the tax on tea. This small tax was designed to show the colonists that Parliament did

have the right to tax the colonies.

Parliament gave the British East India a monopoly of the tea

trade with the Tea Act in 1773. This put many colonial

merchants out of work. It was a very small tax but the colonists believed in “no taxation without representation.” What did this

lead to?

The Tea Act led to the Boston Tea Party. 342 crates of tea

were dumped into Boston harbor. There were similar responses in several other

locations. Colonists throughout the colonies agreed to boycott

tea, often making their own substitutes.

Britain was not happy with the Boston Tea Party. It responded with the Intolerable Acts which were designed to punish the colonists of Massachusetts.

What were the Intolerable Acts?

The Intolerable Acts shut down the port of Boston. Ships could not come into or leave the port which made it very difficult for the citizens of Boston to get

supplies. Other colonies sent supplies by land.

A new Quartering Act was also passed. This made colonists

who weren’t too happy with the British house British soldiers.

This raised tensions in Boston. Town meetings were also

limited to 1 a year. This was designed to keep the people of Massachusetts from organizing

against the British.

The Intolerable Acts also said that British officials would be

sent back to British to stand trial if they committed a crime. It

was widely believed that these people would face no

punishment in England since witnesses could not afford to go

to Britain to testify.

How did the colonists react to the Intolerable Acts?

The committees of correspondence sent supplies

to help Boston. The First Continental Congress also met in Philadelphia in 1774. What

was the first Continental Congress?

The First Continental Congress was a meeting of 12 of the

colonies. It agreed to boycott British goods. Each colony was urged to set up its own militia or

volunteer army.

What was the “Shot Heard ‘Round the World?”

This referred to the Battle of Lexington and Concord.

Colonial minutemen (soldiers who could be ready at a

moments notice) stood up to the British. Why did this battle take

place?

The British were trying to destroy guns and ammunition at Concord and capture leaders of the Sons of Liberty. The British

were unsuccessful and were attacked on the way back to

Boston, being defeated by the Minutemen.

It was called the “Shot Heard ‘Round the World” because

news of this battle spread to all corners of the Earth.

Who was the great speaker for Virginia? He had a fiery temper

and was a member of the House of Burgesses.

Patrick Henry. He was known for saying “Give me liberty, or

give me death!”

What is the name given to colonists who sided with the

British?

Loyalists

Who wrote Common Sense, the document which told the

colonies that it was obvious that they should separate from

Britain?

Thomas Paine

Who was the British general at the Battle of Yorktown?

Cornwallis

What do we call a person that betrays their country?

traitor

What was the name given to the colonists army?

Continental

What was the importance of the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga?

Cannons were captured and sent to Boston.

Which army was better supplied with guns, equipment, etc.?

British

The French joined the war after what battle?

Saratoga

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

What was another term for loyalists?

tories

Which of the following was something which the 2nd

Continental Congress decided to do?

set up an army with George Washington as its leader

Where did the Americans spend a cold and hungry winter?

Valley Forge

What happened after the Battle of Saratoga?

France joined the American side

Which country had a navy strong enough to blockade their

enemy’s ports?

Britain

The British tried to divide the colonies in two. What city did

they want to take so they could cut off New England from the

rest of the colonies?

Albany

What vocabulary term means to turn against your country?

traitor

What battle proved that the patriots could stand up to the

British and the British would not back down?

Bunker Hill

What was the final battle of the war?

Yorktown

What battle was the turning point of the war?

Saratoga

The Declaration of Independence was signed on

what date?

July 4, 1776

what is history?

Documents