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An Introductionto the

American National Standards Institute

and the

United States Standards System

Last update: January 2005

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2004 ANSISlide 2

ANSI and the U.S. Standardization Process:Tools for Business Success

The international languageof commerce

is standards.

Source:

Former U.S. Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans

Report on Standards and Competitiveness Removing Standards-Related Trade Barriers Through Effective

Collaboration

May 18, 2004

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2004 ANSISlide 3


Standards Developers

and Conformity

Assessment Bodies

Government

Acceptance

Commercial

and Consumer

Acceptance

Standardization: A Global Community

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2004 ANSISlide 4


The U.S. Standardization Model

One Approach Among Many in the World

The U.S. standardization model includes both

standards-setting and conformity assessment programs

resembles the nations political (federal) structure

resembles the nations economic structure

sector-based and driven by market needs

relies strongly on diversity and decentralization

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2004 ANSISlide 5


Compliance and Enforcement:

Factors Influencing Standardization

Public opinion

Example: Publicity about faulty or dangerous products will negativelyimpact the market

Legal system

Example: Laws allow consumers to return faulty products

Consumers can sue producers of faulty or dangerous products

Penalties include requiring companies to recall and withdraw products from themarket

Government agencies (federal, state or local)

Example: The import of unsafe products can be denied

Faulty or dangerous products can be recalled or removed from the market

Examples from a U.S. perspective . . .

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2004 ANSISlide 6


The U.S. approach

to market relevance

In the U.S. alone, there are more than

95,000 recognized standards.

These documents are being developed by

more than 450 standards developing

organizations (SDOs), with the twenty largest of these

organizations producing approximately 80% of the standards

at least 150 consortia hundreds of committees addressing the technical requirements of

standards

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2004 ANSISlide 7


Examples:

Current Standardization Initiatives

Homeland Security issues such as biometrics, radiationdetector systems, Safe Harbors and others

Nanotechnology terminology and nomenclature

Federal election reformExample: An ANSI-accredited developer is working on equipment

related standards

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2004 ANSISlide 8


Cardinal Principles of the U.S. System

TransparencyTransparencyOpennessOpenness

Due ProcessDue Process

Consensus

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2004 ANSISlide 9


The Role of Government

In the U.S., no single government agency has control

over standards.

Each government agency determines which standardsmeet its needs.

The agency is responsible for determining whether a

private sector standard already exists that is appropriate

for its needs. If so, they will use the private sector standard.

If not, the agency is expected to work with the private

sector to develop the needed standard.

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2004 ANSISlide 10


The Role of Government

National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

(NTTAA) - 1995 (P.L. 104-113 1996)

Encourages federal agencies to utilize voluntaryconsensus standards where feasible

Encourages federal participation in voluntary consensus

standards development activities

Designates NIST as coordinator (no budgetary orpolicy authority) of government standards policy

activities

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2004 ANSISlide 11


SummaryStructure of the U.S. Standardization System

ANSI

Coordinator of the Private Sector

Private sector, non-profit, membership organization

Supported by membership fees, sale of publications

NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

Coordinator of Federal Agencies

Sets legal metrology standards; accredits laboratories

Standards developing organizations (SDOs)

Private trade and professional organizations, often non-profit

Many, but not all, accredited by ANSI

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2004 ANSISlide 12


MissionMission

To enhance the global competitiveness of U.S.

business and the American quality of life bypromoting and facilitating voluntary consensus

standards and conformity assessment systems and

ensuring their integrity.

APrivate- and Public-Sector Partnership Since 1918

ANSI is not a government agency or a standards developer.ANSI is not a government agency or a standards developer.

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2004 ANSISlide 13ANSI and the U.S. Standardization Process:Tools for Business Success

Academia

Individuals

Government

Manufacturing

Trade Associations

A FederationA Federation

of members representing . . .of members representing . . .

Professional Societies

Service Organizations

Standards Developers

Consumer and Labor Interests

and many more

Bringing the PrivateBringing the Private-- & Public& Public--Sectors TogetherSectors Together

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COMPANYMEMBER

FORUM

CONSUMER

INTERESTFORUM

ORGANIZATIONAL

MEMBERFORUM

GOVERNMENTMEMBER

FORUM

BOARD OFDIRECTORS

Member Participation

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Organization

Chart

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U.S. PRIVATE

SECTOR

U.S. DOMICILED

STANDARDS

DEVELOPING BODIES

OTHER FOREIGN

STANDARDIZATION

BODIES

INTERNATIONAL

STANDARDIZATION

BODIES

REGIONAL

STANDARDIZATION

BODIES

U.S. GOVERNMENT

(PUBLIC SECTOR)

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ANSIs Roles and Responsibilities

to accredit U.S. Standards

Developers, U.S. Technical

Advisory Groups and conformity

assessment programs

to ensure integrity of the U.S.

voluntary consensus standards

system

to provide regional andinternational access

to offer a neutral policy forum

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ANSI as an Accreditor

ANSI accreditation, whether as a standards developer,

Technical Advisory Group, or a certification program,

provides an assurance of:

Openness

Balance

Due process Transparency

Consensus

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American National

Standards (ANS) Developers

Currently there are approximately 200

ANSI-accredited standards developers*

Not all standards developed by these

organizations are submitted for

consideration as ANS

There are approximately 10,000 American

National Standards*

*Information based on year-end 2003 data.

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American Society ofMechanical Engineers

ASME International

American NationalStandards Institute

ANSI

Society of Automotive Engineers

SAE

InterNational Committee for

Information Technology Standards

(Secretariat: Information

Technology Industry Council)

INCITS

Accredited Standards CommitteeT1 - Telecommunications

(Secretariat: Alliance for

Telecommunications

Industry Solutions)

T1

Examples of U.S.

Standards Organizations

ASTM International

American Petroleum

Institute

API

Others

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ANS Development Cycle

Public Review Period

(30 or 45 or 60 day Announcement in Standards Act ion )

Consensus Ballot

(Formal Ballot of Consensus Group)

Approved by the

Board of Standards Review

Appeals Process

Completed

Consensus Obtained

Submitted to the Board of Standards Review

Vote and Comment Resolution

(Recirculation and 2nd Announcement, if necessary)

Development of a Draft

American National Standard

Project Initiation

IDEAS

COMMENTS

VOTE

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In a global marketplace, the

objective of the standards

development process must be

a single, internationally

recognized, technically valid

standard that allows products to

be distributed for commerce

worldwide without change or

modification.

One Global Standard Accepted by AllOne Global Standard Accepted by All

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Adopt

International Standards asAmerican National Standards

(where they meet the needs

of the user community)

Submit

American

National Standards

for adoption as regional

or International Standards

Ensure that

U.S. positions (policy

and technical) are accept-ed by international and

regional standards

organizations

To this end, the U.S. will . . . .

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NATIONAL

STANDARDS

STRATEGYFOR THE

UNITED STATES

A National Standards Strategy

(NSS) for the United States Confirming the importance of a

market-driven, sectoral-focus

In 1998, the U.S. standardizationcommunity set about to develop itsfuture vision

The result is the first-everNationalStandards Strategy (NSS) for theU.S. (approved in August 2000).

Implementation is the responsibilityof all U.S. interests

ANSI serves as the coordinator

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International Electrotechnical

Commission

International Organization

for Standardization

International

Telecommunications Union

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U.S. Member Body of

the ISO

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Geneva, Switzerland

Comprised of 146 National Standards Bodies

ANSI is one of

5 permanent members to the Council of 18

4 permanent members to the TechnicalManagementBoard of 12

ANSI and its members

participate in 80% ofTechnical Committees

administer 18% ofTC Secretariats

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2004 ANSISlide 27


U.S. National Committee

of the IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Geneva, Switzerland

Comprised of 60 National Committees(member nations)

U.S. National Committee is one of

5 permanent members of the Council Board of 15

15 members of the StandardizationManagement Board

participates in 91% ofTechnical Committees

assigned Secretariats for 16% ofTC Secretariats

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2004 ANSISlide 28


U.S. Technical Advisory

Groups (TAGs)

Similar to Accredited Standards Developers, U.S.

TAGs are accredited by ANSI and must follow the

Institutes cardinal principles of openness,

balance, due process and transparency.

ANSI sets policy for U.S. TAGs because the

Institute is recognized as the official U.S. member

ofISO and, through its U.S. National Committee

(USNC), is the official U.S. member ofIEC.

ANSI pays total dues for U.S. membership in both

ISO and IEC.

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2004 ANSISlide 29


Regional

Standards Bodies

COPANT (Pan-American Standards Commission)

ANSIhas membership on behalf of the U.S.

PASC (Pacific Area Standards Congress)

ANSIhas membership on behalf of the U.S.

CEN (European Committee for Standardization)

ANSIhas access as a liaison via the ISO/CEN Vienna Agreement

CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization)

ANSIhas access as a liaison via the IEC/CENELEC Dresden Agreement

ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

U.S. companies which qualify may apply for membership

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2004 ANSISlide 30


COPANT(Pan-American Standards Commission)

Standards setting body for Latin and South American

countries

Founded as the Pan American Technical Standards

Committee in 1949 to develop regional standards

Executive Secretariat is in Caracas, Venezuela

Currently 28 Active and 7 Adherent member countries

Oriented towards international standards, but developsregional technical standards when none exists at the

international level

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2004 ANSISlide 31


PASC

(Pacific Area Standards Congress)

Founded in 1972 in Honolulu, Hawaii

Currently 25 members

Membership open to any country or territory borderingon the Pacific Rim whose standards organization is a

member ofISO and IEC, or national organization that

PASC determines is capable of making a contribution

Secretariat responsibility rotates among members Does not set standards, rather coordinates

on standards issues

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2004 ANSISlide 32


Standards Bodies

of the European Union

European Standardization Policy Established in 1984 in the General Guidelines for Co-operation between

the EU and EFTA and the European Standards bodies

Goals are to strengthen the competitiveness of European industry and to

improve the functioning of the European market

New Approach Directives state that the European Union shall looktowards the private sector to develop standards

Three organizations (CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI) now constitute theEuropean forum for standardization

These bodies are made up of diverse parties that form more than 1,500technical groups

Work to develop national standards within the European Union hasessentially ceased

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2004 ANSISlide 33


CANADASCC

U.K.BSI

Examples

of National

Standards Organizations

U.S.

ANSI

JAPAN

JISC

GERMANYDIN

FRANCEAFNOR/UTE

BRAZIL

ABNT

AUSTRALIA

SAA

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2004 ANSISlide 34


Characteristics of the U.S.

Conformity Assessment System

Conformity assessment activities are not centrally

organized

Activities are a mix of government (regulatory

programs) and private sector (market-based programs)

Approaches vary among sectors

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2004 ANSISlide 35


Conformity Assessment Goals

Promote and achieve global acceptance

of products and services through

conformity assessment activities for

Product certifiers

Personnel certifiers

ISO 9000 & 14000 registrars

(via the ANSI/ANAB partnership)

International Accreditation Forum (IAF)

Laboratory Accreditation Working Group -National Council for Laboratory

Accreditation

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2004 ANSISlide 36


National Conformity Assessment

Principles Document (NCAP)

Articulates principles for U.S.

conformity assessment activities

Guidance document to be considered in

conjunction with the U.S. National

Standards Strategy

Improves the ability of consumers,

buyers, sellers, regulators and other

interested parties toh

ave confidence in theprocesses of providing Certification services

Approved in 2002

Implementation is the responsibility of all U.S. interests

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2004 ANSISlide 37


ANSI Accreditation Programs

Conformity Assessment

Product

Certifiers

ISO 9000 /

ISO 14000

Certifiers

Personnel

Certifiers

Standards

Developing

Organizations

and U.S. TAGs

ISO/IEC

Guide

65

ISO/IEC

Guides

62 and 66

ISO/IEC

17024

ANSI

Procedures

Standards

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2004 ANSISlide 38


Knowledge Provides AdvantageKnowledge Provides Advantage

ANSI as an

Information Provider

Standards development and implementation

has become yet one more arena in which to

compete and excel in order to ensure

business success.

There is a price to be paid, but none so high as

the cost of competing against the consensus choice of

the key participants in an open standards system.

ANSI provides access to timely, relevant, and actionableinformation for its members and customers.

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2004 ANSISlide 39


Web-Based Information Tools

ANSI Online (http://www.ansi.org)News and information

Standards Action for public notice

ANSI Reporterfor news and editorialcoverage

NSSN: A National Resource forGlobal Standards (http://www.nssn.org)Key-word or document number searches;bibliographic data on standards; up-to-datereports on new development projects, andmuch more.

Electronic Standards Store(http://webstore.ansi.org)E-commerce site for real-time electronicpublication sales

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2004 ANSISlide 40


Education & Training Services

Promote use and value of

standards

Promote StrategicStandardization Management

Provide training on

standardization participation,leadership, and administration

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2004 ANSISlide 41


ANSI as a Policy Forum

Facilitate U.S.

standardization

policy development

Promote U.S.standardization

policies globally

ANSI is the bridge for standardization

between industry and government

among and within industries

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2004 ANSI

Slide 42

ANSI and the U.S. Standardization Process:

Tools for Business Success

ANSI Partnership with U.S. Government

on Standards and Trade Issues

Influence via: ANSI | U.S.Government

ISO and IECISO and IEC

COPANTCOPANT

PASCPASC

CEN/CENELEC/ETSICEN/CENELEC/ETSI

WTOWTO

FTAAFTAA

APECAPEC

TABDTABD

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2004 ANSI

Slide 43



The same guidance

applies to all agencies

Public Law 104-113

known as the National Technology Transfer and

Advancement Act of 1995

Signed into law on 7 March 1996

Guidance document is OMB Circular A-119

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2004 ANSI

Slide 44



Value of ANSI Membership

Influence

ANSI Federation policies

ISO/IEC policies

WHAT standards are written WHERE If you dont do it, your competitors will

If the private sector does not do it, thefederal Government may take the lead

Assurance of a level playing field forstandards and conformity assessment programs

Access to a major source of information and expertise

Domestic and global networking opportunities

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2004 ANSI

Slide 45



Benefits to Companies

Protection

The strong voice, influence andnetworks necessary to help ensure

th

at standards are not written th

atwill exclude your products, processes or technologies

Knowledge Early awareness of new requirementsClose customer and supplier contact

Early assessment of new market directions

Positioning

Influence at the leading edges of technology

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2004 ANSI

Slide 46



Benefits to Organizations

Global relevance

Self regulation

Shared costs Reduced liability

Reduced redundancy

Market place acceptance

of standards

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2004 ANSI

Slide 47



Benefits to Consumers

Greater selection

Easier choices

Better and consistent quality Lower costs

Enhanced safety & health

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2004 ANSI

Slide 48



Benefits to Government

Lower costs for procurement

and regulatory agencies

Increased U.S. competitiveness,employment and economic growth

Private sector cooperation

World Trade Organization (WTO) compliance

Legislative compliance

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2004 ANSI

Slide 49



For more information:

Headquarters Operations

1819 L Street, NW 25 West 43rd Street

Sixth Floor Fourth Floor

Washington, DC 20036 New York, NY 10036

Tel: 202.293.8020 Tel: 212.642.4900

Fax: 202.293.9287 Fax: 212.398.0023

www.ansi.org | webstore.ansi.org | www.nssn.org

AmericanNational Standards Institute

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