What is a Prokaryote?

A LIVING cell that: NO Nucleus or membrane bound

organelles. “Pro” = “No Nucleus”

DOES have Cell Membrane, DNA (circular type), Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, and Cilia and/or Flagella

Bacteria

What is a Eukaryote?

All Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Cells!!!

Have NUCLEUS and Membrane bound organelles “Eu” = “Yes Nucleus”

What MUST all cells (Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes) have? 4 Things:

DNA Cytoplasm

Cell MembraneRibosomes

What 3 things does a Plant cell have that an Animal cell does

NOT have?

•Cell Wall•Chloroplasts•Large Vacuole

List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory

Cells are the basic unit of life

Cells come from existing cells

All living things are made of 1 or more cells

Who invented the microscope and saw the first living cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties?”

Leeuwenhoek

Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”?

HookeSounds like cork!

What did Schwann say?

What did Schleiden say?

Schwann claimed that all animals are made of cells.

Think: Schwann sounds likeSwan the animal

Schleiden claimed that all plants are made of cells.

Think: Schlidin’ down the vine and vines are plants

Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cells (reproduce)?

Virchow“Vircow”

Way to Remember:

Cows come from cows

Cells come from cells

Who did this experiment and did he believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?

Redi - Biogenesis

Who did this experiment and did he believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?

Needham – AbiogenesisHe needed more information on how to do a good experiment

Who did this experiment and did he believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?

Pasteur - Biogenesis

What determines the shape of a cell?

The cell’s FUNCTION!

What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the cell?

What is it called when cells perform a specific function

for an organism? Give some examples

Cell SpecializationRed blood cells

blood cells

Nerve cellsWhite

What is the semi-permeable, phospholipid bilayer (contains lipids and proteins) that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?

Cell Membrane

What is the hard covering of the plant

cell called?

Cell Wall

What does the cell wall do for a plant cell?

What 3 things pass through the cell membrane or cell wall easily?

Diffusion

Diffusion

Osmosis

What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow things into and out of the cell?

Proteins & Protein Channels

What is the jelly-like substance between the cell membrane and the

nucleus?

Cytoplasm

What is the control center of the cell? NUCLEUS

Nucleolus

What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes?

What is the genetic material that is inside the nucleus called when it is threadlike?

Chromatin (Hint: looks like spaghetti)

What is the genetic material inside the nucleus called when it has condensed and preparing for cell division?

Chromosome

What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?

Nuclear Membrane and Nuclear Pores

What is the organelle that makes energy for the cell? What cells have it?

Mitochondria

Plant & Animal

What makes proteins in the cell?

Hint:

What organelle makes food by photosynthesis for the plant cell?

Chloroplasts

What are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and

chromoplasts called?

Plastids

What is the large sac in a plant cell and small sac in an animal called that holds water and used for storage?

VACUOLE

What digests and gets rid of unwanted things inside of the cell?

What is the organelle that is a folded membrane and moves material

throughout the cell such as proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates?

Transportation of Proteins

Transportation of Lipids & Carbs

What is the organelle that packages and wraps materials to transport out of cell?

Hint: Think of sending a gold necklace to your friend through the mail.

Golgi Bodies or Apparatus

What are the microtubules

covering the cell like hair used for movement?

What are the microtubules that are whip-like and

used for movement?

Cilia

Flagella

TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

The movement of molecules from an area of HIGH → LOW concentration is called ________?

________

TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

Water movement across the cell membrane is called

_____.

TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

What is the transportation of particles across the cell membrane called that does NOT NEED ENERGY but NEEDS A PROTEIN CHANNEL?

TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

What is the transportation of particles across the cell membrane from low to high concentration called that DOES NEED ENERGY (ATP) and NEEDS A PROTEIN CHANNEL?

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

What is the transportation of particles into the cell called when the particle is too big to fit through the protein channel? Hint: Enters cell

TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

What is the transportation of particles out of the cell called when the particle is too big to fit through the protein channel? Hint: Exits cell

TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out of the cell) is also called _______ ________.

Bulk Transport

When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal this is

called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same?

Stays the same

When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called______ and the cell shrinks, swells,

or stays the same?

Cell Shrinks

When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is

called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same?

Cell Swells and could Burst

Remember:Water moves from the low solute side to the higher solute side trying to equal the

concentrations on both sides

Name the 3 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball.

1. Geometry: Volume increases faster than Surface area

2. Practical aspects: Nucleus can’t handle that big of a job.

3. Specialization: Lots of smaller cells that do the same function can work together to perform a big job.

Be able to identify the organelles in plant and animal cells from various pictures!!!!

Be able to identify which organelles belong to Plant, Animal, or Prokaryotic Cells !