What is a monoclonal antibody?

What is a monoclonal antibody?

An antibody that recognizes a single epitope

It is made by fusing B cells with myeloma cells to produce a hybridoma

Hybridoma’s are cells that produce monoclonal Ab

Hybridoma

Producing monoclonal Ab

B cells

Myeloma

Which vaccines are composed of attenuated organisms?

MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) Chickenpox Smallpox (not for general public) Intranasal influenza

Which vaccines are toxoids?

Which vaccines are toxoids?

Tetanus Diphtheria

Which subunit vaccine is “acellular”?

Which subunit vaccine is “acellular”?

Pertussis

Which vaccines are genetically engineered?

Which vaccines are genetically engineered?

Hepatitis B HPV (human papilloma virus) Rotavirus

Which vaccines are composed of attenuated organisms?

What type of diagnostic tests use precipitation reactions?

What type of diagnostic tests use precipitation reactions?

Precipitin Ring Tests Immunodiffusion Immunoelectrophoresis

Precipitation reactions always involve soluble antibody and soluble antigen

Give examples of diagnostic agglutination reactions.

Give examples of diagnostic agglutination reactions.

RPR – an indirect agglutination testing for antibody (used to diagnose syphilis)

Rapid strep test – an indirect agglutination testing for antigen (Streptococcus pyogenes)

What is an indirectic immunofluorescent assay? How is it performed?

What is an indirect immunofluorescent assay? How is it performed?

Test for presence of antibody A known antigen is put on a slide, the

patients sera is added, and than an anti-human antibody is added that has a fluorescent dye conjugated to it

Describe how to perform a direct ELISA

Describe how to perform a direct ELISA

A monoclonal Ab is attached to a plastic dish

A sample from the patient is added where you expect to find the Antigen

A monoclonal Ab that is conjugated to an enzyme is added

The substrate for the enzyme is then added

A positive test would be the detection of a colored product

Describe how to perform a direct ELISA

What does a positive complement test look like? What does it mean?

What does a positive complement test look like? What does it mean?

No hemolysis Means the patient

does have the Antibody you were trying to detect

Give an example of a neutralization assay

Give an example of a diagnostic neutralization assay.

Viral Hemagglutination Inhibition test

How does a direct ELISA differ from an indirect ELISA

How does a direct ELISA differ from an indirect ELISA

Direct is used to detect antigen Indirect is used to detect Antibody The same is true for direct and

indirect immunofluorescence assays