DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Student names and ID number: UMUR OZ 121703002 

IE314MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT WORK PART 1TOPIC NAME: 3D PRINTING

CONTENT INTRODUCTION HOW DOES 3D PRINTING WORK GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF 3D PRINTING TYPES OF 3D PRINTING MATERIALS USAGE OF 3D PRINTING PRINTING METHODS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTİON 3D printing: Is a process of making three

dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual object. A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot.

FUTURE OF 3D PRİNTİNG It is predicted by some additive manufacturing

advocates that this technological development will change the nature of commerce, because end users will be able to do much of their own manufacturing rather than engaging in trade to buy products from other people and corporations.

3D printers capable of outputting in colour and multiple materials already exist and will continue to improve to a point where functional products will be able to be output. With effects on energy use, waste reduction, customization, product availability, medicine, art, construction and sciences, 3D printing will change the manufacturing world as we know it.

HOW DOES 3D PRİNTİNG WORKS Modelling Save (in .stl format) The CAD information sent to the printer. The printer forms the item by depositing the

material in layer.

GENERAL PRİNCİPLESModellingPrintingFinishing

MODELLİNG 3D printable models

may be created with a computer aided design (CAD) package, via a 3D scanner or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software.

AutoCAD, 3dsMAX, SolidWork are some of the (CAD) programs.

PRİNTİNG Before printing a 3D

model from an STL file, it must first be examined for errors. In fact, most of the CAD softwares produced errors in the STL files: holes, faces normals, self-intersections, noise shells or manifold errors. This step is called "repair", as the original model needs to be fixed.

FİNİSHİNG Though the printer-

produced resolution is sufficient for many applications, printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution and then removing material with a higher-resolution subtractive process can achieve greater precision.

Some printable polymers such as ABS, allow the surface finish to be smoothed and improved using chemical vapor processes.

TYPES OF 3D PRİNTERS Industrial Use Medial Industry Aerospace & Aviation Industries Automotive Industry Consmer Use Large 3D Printer Microscale and Nanoscale 3D Printer

INDUSTRİAL USE Additive manufacturing

systems were on the market that ranged from $200,000 to $500,000 in price and were employed in industries including aerospace, architecture, automotive, defense, and medical replacements, among many others. For example, General Electric uses the high-end model to build parts for turbines. Many of these systems are used for rapid prototyping, before mass production methods are employed.

MEDİCAL İNDUSTRY 3D-printable prosthetics

are changing the face of medicine, as engineers and physicians are able to develop prosthetics that are fully customized to the wearer. Consumer 3D printing is leading to an even bigger revolution

Where organs and body parts are built using inkjet techniques. Layers of living cells are deposited onto a gel medium and slowly built up to form three dimensional structures.

AEROSPACE & AVIATION INDUSTRIES

NASA for instance prints combustion chamber liners using selective laser melting and as of march 2015 the FAA cleared GE Aviation’s first 3D printed jet engine part to fly: a laser sintered housing for a compressor inlet temperature sensor.

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY Although the automotive

industry was among the earliest adopters of 3D printing it has for decades relegated 3d printing technology to low volume prototyping applications.Nowadays the use of 3D printing in automotive is evolving from relatively simple concept models for fit and finish checks and design verification, to functional parts that are used in test vehicles, engines, and platforms. The expectations are that 3D printing in the automotive industry will generate a combined $1.1 billion dollars by 2019.

CONSUMER USE Several projects and

companies are making efforts to develop affordable 3D printers for home desktop use. Much of this work has been driven by and targeted at DIY/Maker/enthusiast/early adopter communities, with additional ties to the academic and hacker communities.

LARGE 3D PRİNTER Large 3D printers have been

developed for industrial, education, and demonstrative uses. The printer is capable of making an object with diameter of up to 4 feet (1.2 m) and up to 10 feet (3.0 m) in height. It also uses plastic pellets as the raw material instead of the typical plastic filaments used in other 3D printers.

Another type of large printer is Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM). The goal is to develop printers that can produce a large object in high speed. A BAAM machine of Cincinnati Incorporated can produce an object at the speeds 200-500 times faster than typical 3D printers available in 2014. Another BAAM machine is being developed by Lockheed Martin with an aim to print long objects of up to 100 feet (30 m) to be used in aerospace industries.

MİCROSCALE AND NANOSCALE 3D PRİNTER Microelectronic device fabrication

methods can be employed to perform the 3D printing of nanoscale-size objects. Such printed objects are typically grown on a solid substrate, e.g. silicon wafer, to which they adhere after printing as they're too small and fragile to be manipulated post-construction.

In one technique, 3D nanostructures can be printed by physically moving a dynamic stencil mask during the material deposition process, somewhat analogous to the extrusion method of traditional 3D printers.

MATERİAL USAGE OF 3D PRİNTER

Standard Filaments Flexible Filaments Composite Filaments Speciality Filaments Support Filaments

STANDARD FİLAMENTSPLAABSNYLONPET

PLA PLA is useful in a broad range of printing

applications, has the virtue of being both odorless and low-warp, and does not require a heated bed.

ABS Best used for making durable parts that need

to withstand higher temperatures. ABS plastic is less ‘brittle’.

PET PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) is an

industrial strength filament with several great features. It's strength is much higher than PLA, it is FDA approved for food containers and tools used for food consumptionit is 100% reclaimable.

FLEXİBLE FİLAMENTSTPESOFT PLATPU

TPE TPE filament can be used to make parts that

can bend or must flex to fit their environment - stoppers, belts, springs, phone cases and more.

TPU TPU Plastic has several applicable uses

including automotive instrument panels, caster wheels, power tools, sporting goods, medical devices and also it is also commonly used in mobile phone cases.

COMPOSİTE FİLAMENTSLAYBRICKLAYWOO-D3LAYCERAMICCARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTEEL PLAMAGNETIC IRON PLA

LAYBRİCK LAYBRICK is a 3D printing material that gives

parts the look and feel of grey stone while retaining the resiliency of plastic, making it ideal for landscape and architectural designs.

LAYWOO-D3 LAYWOO-D3 is a wood-like 3D printer

material that gives 3D printed objects the look and feel of fiberboard. It also imbues parts with other wood-like attributes, such as the ability be cut, painted, and sanded. LAYWOO-D3 is made from a combination of recycled wood particles.

LAYCERAMİC LayCeramic filament is exactly what it

sounds like, clay engineered for 3D Printers that can be used to make ceramic objects. LayCeramic has all the capabilities of normal clay including the ability to be fired to give it a nice glossy look and increase strength.

PRİNTİNG METHODS Vat Photopolymerisation Material Jetting Binder Jetting Material Extrusion, Powder Bed Fusion and

etc.

VAT PHOTOPOLYMERİSATİON

A 3D printer based on the Vat Photopolymerisation method has a container filled with photopolymer resin which is then hardened with UV light source.

MATERİAL JETTİNG In this process, material

is applied in droplets through a small diameter nozzle, similar to the way a common inkjet paper printer works, but it is applied layer-by-layer to a build platform making a 3D object and then hardened by UV light.

MATERİAL EXTRUSİON The most commonly

used technology in this process is Fused deposition modeling (FDM).

The FDM technology works using a plastic filament or metal wire which is unwound from a coil and supplying material to an extrusion nozzle which can turn the flow on and off. The nozzle is heated to melt the material and can be moved in both horizontal and vertical directions by a numerically controlled mechanism.

ADVANTAGES AND DİSADVANTAGES

The advantages of 3d printingThe disadvantages of 3d printing

THE ADVANTAGES OF 3D PRİNTİNG 1. Ability to customize products 2. Rapid production of prototypes 3. Low cost of production 4. No storage cost 5. Increased employment opportunities 6. Quick availability of organs

THE DİSADVANTAGES OF 3D PRİNTİNG 1. Intellectual property issues 2. Unchecked production of dangerous items 3. Limitations of size 4. Limitations of raw material 5. Cost of printers 6. Bad quality (depends on 3d Printer)

CONCLUSİON 3D printing is presently gaining lots of attention in the

press as a new technology, but what does the technology landscape look like through a patent landscape analysis? It is important to comprehend the fact that the term “3D printing” can be considered an umbrella term for a number of related technologies that can be used to produce 3D objects.

The fact that there is patent data from this era which is still relevant to this field of technology, is illustrative of the fact that this technology has existed in many forms for some time, and that it is only recently with advances in computing and software combined with large amounts of media interest, (plus the expiration of a number of useful patents) that has led to the current status regarding this technology.

QUESTIONS ABOUT 3D PRINTER

Modelling; 3D printable models may be created with a

computer aided design (CAD) package, via a 3D scanner or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software. AutoCAD, 3dsMAX, SolidWork are some of the (CAD) programs.

Printing; Before printing a 3D model from an STL file, it

must first be examined for errors. In fact, most of the CAD softwares produced errors in the STL files: holes, faces normals, self-intersections, noise shells or manifold errors. This step is called "repair", as the original model needs to be fixed.

Finishing; Though the printer-produced resolution is

sufficient for many applications, printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution and then removing material with a higher-resolution subtractive process can achieve greater precision.

Some printable polymers such as ABS, allow the surface finish to be smoothed and improved using chemical vapor processes.

Industrial Use Medial Industry Aerospace & Aviation Industries Automotive Industry Consmer Use Large 3D Printer Microscale and Nanoscale 3D Printer

1.How 3d Printer Work?2. Determine the types of 3d Printer? (Explain briefly)