3d printer report

7/30/2019 3d Printer Report

1/13

3D PRINTING

Page 1

5. BIOPRINTING

Bio-printing is a variant of 3D printing and can be defined as computer-aided, automatic, layer-

by-layer deposition, transfer, and patterning of biologically relevant materials. It is also knownby other names such as computer aided tissue engineering and bio fabrication. In simpler

words, bioprinting involves printing devices that deposit biological material.

Organ printing is a variant of bio-printing aiming at producing 3D organs. This is among the

most promising advances of regenerative medicine. The 3D- Bioprinter was listed among the

TIME magazines 50 best inventions of 2010. Most of the 3D printers use a modified version of

inkjet printers to deposit dots of bio ink (cell suspension with 10 to 30 thousand cells per drop)

that coalesce to form layers of organ interrupted by layers of biopaper (hydrogel mimicking the

microenvironment of tissue) which is water-soluble.

FIGURE XXII: Step-by-Step process of Organ Printing

Roadmap to Bioprinting

The 3D bioprinters currently in the market are produced by envisionTEC, Organovo, Tengion,

Sciperio, Neatco, etc.

The NovoGenMMX 3D Bioprinter, priced at $200,000, has been developed by Organovo, a

company in San Diego that specializes in regenerative medicine, and Invetech, engineering and

automation firm in Melbourne, Australia. One of the founders of Organovo, Gabor Forgacs from

the University of Missouri, Columbia, says the logic behind applying 3D printing for producing

biological organs is Although morphogenetic processes are under strict genetic control, genes

do not create shapes and forms: physical mechanisms and processes do. Organovo announced

the production of first fully bioprinted blood vessels in Dec 2010
http://blogs.dolcera.com/blog/2011/08/17/need-an-organ-print-it/step-by-step-process-of-organ-printing/


2/13

3D PRINTING

Page 2

FIGURE XXIII: Roadmap to 3D printing

If successful, this technology will revolutionize our medical industry. It holds promise for the

development of more effective medicines targeted towards curing a specific disease. This

technology will assist people who need transplants. With the current situation of waiting lists for

organ donors, the technology holds the possibility of improving such situations. The commercial

production of this technology will also cripple the illegal trade in human organs fueled by lack of

viable organ tissue.
http://blogs.dolcera.com/blog/2011/08/17/need-an-organ-print-it/roadmap-to-bioprinting/


3/13

3D PRINTING

Page 3

6. ADVANTAGES OF 3D PRINTING

1. New Structures and Shapes

Traditional manufacturing methods depend on cutting and moulding technologies to create alimited number of structures and shapes, with more intricate hollow ones having to be formed

from a number of parts and assembled together. However, 3D printing technology transforms

this processthe nozzle of the 3D printer can create many complex figures, being confined only

by a persons imagination. This method gives them higher structural integrity and moredurability. The use of 3D printing technology takes

virtual designs from animation modeling software or

computer-aided design (CAD), converts them into

thin, virtual, flat cross-sections and then produces

successive layers until the complete model is

produced. It is a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What

You Get) method where the physical model and the

virtual model are almost the same. To create a model,

we can hire early adopter communities or enthusiasts,

with connections to both the hacker and academic

communities.

2. New Combinations of Materials

Combining different raw materials isnt always possible with mass production methods due to

the high costs involved and to their chemical and physical properties that make them tricky to

combine using traditional methods. 3D printing has eliminated many of these limitations not only

because of the initial dependence on plastic, but also because of a constant innovation made by

enthusiasts believing that 3D printings potential hasnt been reached yet. Thus, a lot of

companies now provide tens of different materials with unique finishes producing the feel andlook of glass, ceramics or metal with a variety of strengths and temperature resistance.

3. Less Waste

Manufacturing plastic and metal objects in particular is generally a wasteful process with a lot of

surplus materials and chunky parts. For some aircraft builders, up to 90 percent of the material is

FIGURE XXIV: 3D Printed Geometric

Shape


4/13

3D PRINTING

Page 4

usually wasted. Creating a similar object with the use of additive manufacturing not only utilizes

less energy, but also minimizes waste. Other objects that can be made with the use of additive

manufacturing include jewelry, footwear, automotive parts, and more. Sometimes, the finished

product of 3D printing can be up to 60 percent lighter than the machined part but still sturdy.

Large cost savings can be attained in this way and a smaller amount of waste also means a lesser

effect on the environment.

4. Cheap Manufacturing

3D printing helps companies save up to 70 percent of their manufacturing cost. This is attained

through lower packaging and shipping costs related to more reliable and cheaper raw materials

and lesser workforce needed, as well as overseas parts suppliers. In the end, this technology

makes progressive companies more profitable.

FIGURE XXV: Multiple copies which can be printed directly at consumers place

5. Quick Production

The speed of 3D printing is quicker as compared to the traditional method. Its similar to

comparing the top speed of a sports car to a horse cart. They both take us to our destination, but

the travel period differs significantly.

With industrial 3D printing technologies being able to create an object in a few hours, thetraditional manufacturing methods, taking up to two or more days (from prototype to finish

product), are gradually becoming obsolete. This leads to an on-demand manufacturing model and

to considerable cost savings. Why should we have stores filled up with stocks if we can make

them based on the demand? Even if this scheme might not work with major offline


5/13

3D PRINTING

Page 5

manufacturers because of their

independence on offline sellers that

commonly purchase in bulk, it can prove

very efficient for an online business.

6. Better quality

Avoiding most of the mass manufacturing

faults does not only make better products

but it also extends their life as they will

break less often. This is not necessarily a great

benefit for manufacturers who need the product life cycle to be profitable, but it is certainly a

major benefit for the end consumer.

7. Sustainability

Less waste compared to traditional manufacturing methods is not only a cost saving feature of

3D printing but also a possible eco-friendly

attribute. Add to this the multi-purpose

characteristic of a 3D printer (can build

different objects without the need of using

specialised machines for each part) and their

digital ecosystem (all 3D models are

transmitted electronically so in theory they

can be printed out where they are needed,

minimizing therefore transport costs) and

we get a sustainable manufacturing process.

Integrating additive manufacturing with more

classic production methods as is the case with 3D printed textiles in the clothing industry

adds another layer (excuse the pun) to the sustainability case.

FIGURE XXVI: Industrial 3D Printer

FIGURE XXVII: 3D Printed Fabrics


6/13

3D PRINTING

Page 6

7. APPLICATIONS

AREAS OF APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTERS

Industrial design Automotive and aviation industries Architecture FOOD INDUSTRY Medical Industries Jewelry Footwear

Engineering and construction

1. Industrial design:Designers use 3D printers to quickly create product models and prototypes.

FIGURE XXVIII: Figure showing software being used in the industrial application


7/13

3D PRINTING

Page 7

2. Automotive and aviation industries:Auto giants and some aviation companies have found that nothing accelerates automotive design

and manufacturing like 3D printing and adopted in their manufacturing line. For Example:At theBMW AG plant in Regensburg, Germany, FDM (fused deposition modeling) continues to be an

important component in vehicle design prototyping. But moving beyond prototyping, BMW is

extending the application of FDM to other areas and functions, including direct digital

manufacturing.

FIGURE XXVIII: First car and aero plane model made from 3D printing

3. Architecture:Artists can create models of their projects. Also Quick, automated production of beautifully

complex architectural models is reality with 3D printing.

FIGURE XXIX: Artistic model and architecture model


8/13

3D PRINTING

Page 8

4. Food Industry:Different food items have been printed and in the near future many other food items will be

tested for 3D printing.

For example, Burger has been printed by 3D systems.

Also 3D printers can be used to apply items in liquid or paste form such as cheese, icing and

chocolate.

FIGURE XXX: chocolate being applied on bread and first printed burger

5. Medical industry:This sector is a booming sector in 3D printing. Research is being done for different body parts to

be printed and can be used directly for human body. Many human body parts such as liver, heart,

and ear have been printed but they are of no use till now.

Except tooth jaws, no other bio product made can be used for human body.

Items like hearing aid printed via 3D printers are found very useful.


9/13

3D PRINTING

Page 9

FIGURE XXXI: Dental jaw

FIGURE XXXII: Bionic ear

6. Jewelry and footwear:3D printing being so versatile in making different shapes that it is being used in producing

different designs for jewelry and footwear.

7. Engineering and construction:3D printing is being used for different fields NASA is sending a 3D printer to space station

which will help in constructing the required parts for the space station. Similarly on earth

different engineering projects and construction material are being manufactured.


10/13

3D PRINTING

Page 10

7. DISADVANTAGES

1. Fewer Manufacturing Jobs: As with all new technologies, manufacturing jobs willdecrease. This disadvantage can and will have a large impact to the economies of thirdworld countries, especially China, that depend on a large number of low skill jobs.

2. Limited Materials: Currently, 3D printers only manufacture products out of plastic,resin, certain metals, and ceramics. 3D printing of products in mixed materials and

technology, such as circuit boards, are still under development.

3. Copyright: With 3D printing becoming more common, the printing of copyrightedproducts to create counterfeit items will become more common and nearly impossible to

determine.

4. Dangerous Items: 3D printers can create dangerous items, such as guns and knives, withvery little or no oversight.

5. More Useless Stuff: One of the dangers of 3D printers is that they will be used to createmore useless stuff that is bad for the environment and wallets. Fortunately, there are new

methods of automatically recycling objects made by 3D printers that hold promise of

better recycling in the future.

6. Size: Currently, 3D printers are limited with the size of the products that they can create.Ultimately, large items, such as houses and building, could be created using 3D printers.


11/13

3D PRINTING

Page 11

8. FUTURE SCOPE

3D printing has a vast future scope. It is still a developing field. Be it a basic 3d printer or a

versatile bio printer, there is a long journey ahead. We have come from time where 3D printerswere a dream to time where the printers are available for all but at a high cost.

In the year 2014 key patents of 3D printing technology will expire which will give a boom to 3D

manufacturing industry. Following are some of the hot topics for future:

1. COST: Cost of 3D printers will decrease to such an extent that every household will beable to buy a 3D printer.

2. SOFTWARE UPDATE: Windows has announced to bring 3D printer support in its nextversion of windows.

3. BIOPRINTERS: Human organs will be made through 3D printers and will finish theshortage of organs.

4. FOOD: In few years our dinner will be printed.5. INDUSTRY: Large 3D printers will be available for printing large parts and machinery.6. ARMS: With advantages, disadvantages also come such as it will be possible for people

to print guns, bullets at their home place leading to insecurity.


12/13

3D PRINTING

Page 12

9. CONCLUSION

Nothing communicates ideas faster than a three-dimensional part or model. With a 3D printer we

can bring CAD files and design ideas to liferight from the desktop. Test form, fit and functionand as many design variations as there can bewith functional parts.

In an age in which the news, books, music, video and even our communities are all the subjects

of digital dematerialization, the development and application of 3D printing reminds humans that

human beings have both a physical and a psychological need to keep at least one foot in the real

world. 3D printing has a bright future, not least in rapid prototyping (where its impact is already

highly significant), but also in medicine the arts, and outer space. Desktop 3D printers for the

home are already a reality if people are prepared to pay for one and/or build one themselves. 3Dprinters capable of outputting in color and multiple materials also exist and will continue to

improve to a point where functional products will be able to be output. As devices that will

provide a solid bridge between cyberspace and the physical world, and as an important

manifestation of the Second Digital Revolution, 3D printing is therefore likely to play some part

in near future.


13/13

3D PRINTING

Page 13

10. REFERENCES

1. http://www.explainingthefuture.com/3dprinting.html2.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing

3. http://www.mahalo.com/3d-printers/4. http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/DEC0702.pdf5. http://www.inventioncity.com/intro-to-3-d-printing.html6. http://desktop3dprinters.net/773374/3d-printing-technologies7. www.entrepreneur.com8. 'Gadget printer' promises industrial revolutionfrom NewScientist.com9. www.stratasys.com10.3dprintingindustry.com11.http://forgacslab.missouri.edu/bioprinter.html
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3238http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3238http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3238

3d printer report

Documents