wh chapter 5 section 5 notes
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CHAPTER 5
Section 5 Notes
Alexander the Great
King Philip of Macedonia brought all of Greece under his control around 338 B.C.
He then wanted to conquer the neighboring Persian empire
However, he was assassinated at his daughter’s wedding
His son Alexander took over the thrown
King Philip
Macedonia Today
The Former Yugoslavia
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
Alexander took the thrown when he was only 20 years old
He was well educated because his tutor had been Aristotle
However, he was a fierce warrior who wanted to conquer the Persian empire
He crossed the Dardanelles---the straight that separates Europe from Asia Minor
Alexander the Great
Alexander won victory after victory capturing Palestine, Egypt, Babylon and other Persian capitals
He continued to push east and crossed the Hindu Kush mountains into northern India
He continued winning battles, however, his troops began to grow tired and refused to continue moving east
Alexander then retreated and headed back to Babylon
Alexander’s Empire
Alexander the Great
While still in Babylon, Alexander contracted a fever and died---he left his empire “to the strongest”
However, no one leader was strong enough to succeed Alexander
Eventually, three generals divided up his empire
Macedonia and Greece went to one general, Egypt to another, and most of Persia to a third
The Legacy of Alexander
Although Alexander’s empire crumbled, he had unleashed changes that would ripple across the Mediterranean world and the Middle East for centuries
His most lasting achievement was the spread of Greek culture
Alexander had founded many new cities that bore his name
Local peoples assimilated Greek ideas
The Legacy of Alexander
Gradually, a blending of eastern and western cultures occurred
Alexander encouraged this blending of cultures by marrying a Persian woman and urged his soldiers to follow his example
He also adopted many Persian customs including dress
Hellenistic culture---combined Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences
The Legacy of Alexander
The heart of the Hellenistic world was located in Alexandria, Egypt
It was located on the sea lanes between Europe and Asia
A Greek architect designed the city Over a million people including
Egyptians, Persians, Hebrews, and others lived there
The most famous sight was the Pharos, an enormous lighthouse that was 440 feet tall
Alexandria, Egypt
Pharos
The Legacy of Alexander
Alexander and his successors encouraged the work of scholars
The great Museum was built in Alexandria as a center of learning
The Museum boasted laboratories, lecture halls, and even a zoo!!!
It had a well-stocked library with thousands of scrolls representing the accumulated knowledge of the ancient world
The Legacy of Alexander
During the Hellenistic period, paintings, statues, and legal codes all show that women were no longer restricted to their homes
Women learned to read and write---some became philosophers or poets
In Egypt, Queen Cleopatra ruled the country ablely
Cleopatra
Hellenistic Civilization
Political turmoil during the Hellenistic age contributed to the rise of new schools of philosophy
Stoicism---founded by Zeno---urged people to avoid desires and disappointments by accepting calmly whatever life brought
Stoics preached high moral standards including the idea of protecting the rights of fellow humans
They taught that all people, including women and slaves, were morally equal because all had the power of reason
Zeno---founder of Stoicism
Hellenistic Civilization
Hellenistic thinkers built on earlier Greek, Babylonian, and Egyptian knowledge
Pythagoras derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle (a² + b²=c²)
Euclid wrote The Elements, a textbook that became the basis for modern geometry
Pythagoras
Euclid
Hellenistic Civilization
The astronomer Aristarchus believed the Earth rotated on its axis and orbited the sun (heliocentric solar system that was not accepted until almost 2,000 years later)
The astronomer Eratosthenes showed that Earth was round and accurately calculated its circumference
Hellenistic Civilization
The most famous Hellenistic scientist was Archimedes
He applied principles of physics to make practical inventions
Mastered the use of the lever and pulley “Give me a lever long enough and a
place to stand on, and I will move the world”
Archimedes
Hellenistic Civilization
Hippocrates studied the causes of illnesses and look for cures
His Hippocratic oath set ethical standards for doctors
Physicians swore to “help the sick according to my ability and judgment but never with a view to injury and wrong” and to protect the privacy of patients
Present doctors take a similar oath
Hippocrates
Hippocratic Oath