westward expansion before the civil war...westward expansion before the civil war introduction as...

Wes

twar

d Ex

pans

ion

Befo

re

the

Civi

l War

Timeli

ne Ca

rds

Subj

ect M

atte

r Exp

ert

J. Chri

s Arnd

t, PhD

De

partm

ent o

f Hist

ory, Ja

mes M

adiso

n Univ

ersity

Tony

Willi

ams, S

enior

Teac

hing F

ellow

, Bill

of Rig

hts In

stitut

e

Illus

trat

ion

and

Phot

o Cre

dits

Title

Boon

e’s Fir

st View

of Ke

ntuck

y, 184

9 (oil

on ca

nvas)

, Ran

ney, W

illiam

Tyl

ee (1

813–

57) /

Ameri

can M

useu

m of

Weste

rn Ar

t - Th

e Ans

chutz

Co

llecti

on, D

enve

r, Colo

rado,

USA /

Bridg

eman

Imag

es

Introd

uctio

n, Ca

rd 1

Tyler

Pack

Introd

uctio

n, Ca

rd 2

Tyler

Pack

Introd

uctio

n, Ca

rd 3

Brya

n Beu

s

ISBN: 978-1-68380-225-9

Chap

ter 1

Boon

e’s Fir

st View

of Ke

ntuck

y, 184

9 (oil

on ca

nvas)

, Ran

ney, W

illiam

Tyl

ee (1

813–

57) /

Ameri

can M

useu

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Weste

rn Ar

t - Th

e Ans

chutz

Co

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enve

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rado,

USA /

Bridg

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Imag

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Chap

ter 2,

Card

1 Du

stin M

acka

y

Chap

ter 2,

Card

2 Du

stin M

acka

y

Chap

ter 3,

Card

1 Tec

umseh

(176

8–18

13) (

colou

red e

ngrav

ing),

Ameri

can

Scho

ol,

(19th

centu

ry) / P

rivate

Colle

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/ Pete

r New

ark Am

erica

n Pict

ures /

Bri

dgem

an Im

ages

Chap

ter 3,

Card

2 Ba

ttle o

f Tipp

ecan

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ub. 1

889

(han

d co

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erica

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(19th

centu

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Colle

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/ The

Stap

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Colle

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/ Bri

dgem

an Im

ages

Chap

ter 4

Huds

on Ri

ver S

teamb

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lermo

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858 (

w/c o

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on

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1800

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/ Co

llecti

on of

the

New-

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Histor

ical S

ociet

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/ Brid

gema

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Chap

ter 5,

Card

1 Sh

ari Da

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riffith

s

Chap

ter 5,

Card

2 Th

e Be

st Fri

end

of Ch

arlest

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/ Pri

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to ©

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Bridg

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Imag

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Chap

ter 6,

Card

1 Po

rtrait

of O

sceola

(18

04–3

8) (

oil o

n ca

nvas)

, Catl

in, G

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(1

796–

1872

) / Pr

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/ Brid

gema

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Chap

ter 6,

Card

2 Jac

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Chap

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1 Th

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Chap

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2 M.

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Chap

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Chap

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1 Sa

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1850

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en W

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Chap

ter 10

, Card

2 Ca

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WESTWARD EXPANSION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR

IntroductionAs early as c. 30,000–c. 15,000 BCE, people lived as hunter-gatherers in North America.


IntroductionOver a period of thousands of years, as the ice sheets melted, people spread out over the land and settled on it.


IntroductionIn 1607 CE, England established its first permanent colony in North America at Jamestown, in what would become Virginia.


IntroductionIn 1776, during the American Revolution, the thirteen English colonies declared their independence from Great Britain.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are

created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable rights, that among these are

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.


CHAPTER 1: Daniel Boone

Big Question: What were some of the reasons why so many people wanted to move west?

In 1769, after years of searching, Daniel Boone and his companions came upon the Cumberland Gap, which led through the Appalachian Mountains. The trail that later developed through this pass and westward was called the Wilderness Trail.


CHAPTER 2: Exploring the Louisiana Territory

Big Question: How might Lewis and Clark’s expedition and findings have helped the United States government?

In 1804, Lewis and Clark set out to explore the Louisiana Territory.


CHAPTER 2: Exploring the Louisiana Territory

Big Question: How might Lewis and Clark’s expedition and findings have helped the United States government?

In 1805, Sacagawea joined the Lewis and Clark “Corps of Discovery” to assist in translating and communicating with Native Americans.


CHAPTER 3: Native Americans Resist

Big Question: Why was it a struggle for Native Americans to hold onto their land?

From 1811–1813, the Shawnee chief Tecumseh tried unsuccessfully to unite Native American nations to battle settlers as they pushed further westward and occupied the lands inhabited by the Native Americans.


CHAPTER 3: Native Americans Resist

Big Question: Why was it a struggle for Native Americans to hold onto their land?

In 1811, the brother of Shawnee chief Tecumseh led a Shawnee attack that started the Battle of Tippecanoe. The Shawnee were defeated by the U.S. Army, sent by Governor Harrison.


CHAPTER 4: Improvements in Transportation

Big Question: What were the advantages of traveling by steamboat rather than by stagecoach?

In 1807, Robert Fulton’s steamboat, the Clermont, made the trip from New York City to Albany much faster than a horse-drawn wagon could.


CHAPTER 5: Canals and Railroads

Big Question: What drove the need for better forms of transportation?

The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 led to a significant increase in trade, with much cheaper shipping costs.


CHAPTER 5: Canals and Railroads

Big Question: What drove the need for better forms of transportation?

Though early railroad travel was sometimes a challenge, travel by rail became increasingly popular during the 1830s–1840s, thanks to the decrease in travel time.


CHAPTER 6: Land, Land, and More Land

Big Question: What was Manifest Destiny?

In 1836, Osceola, an influential leader in the Seminole tribe, led the resistance against advances by the U.S. Army in Florida. He was taken prisoner in 1837 and died a year later.


CHAPTER 6: Land, Land, and More Land

Big Question: What was Manifest Destiny?

From 1838–1839, thousands of Native Americans died as they were forced to walk to western Indian Territory along the Trail of Tears.


CHAPTER 7: Texas Joins the Union

Big Question: What was the main reason the Texans and the Mexicans went to war against each other?

In 1836, Mexican general Santa Anna led an attack against the Texas rebels who sought shelter in the Alamo, an abandoned Spanish mission. All of the Alamo’s defenders were killed.


CHAPTER 7: Texas Joins the Union

Big Question: What was the main reason the Texans and the Mexicans went to war against each other?

In 1836, Texans declared their independence from Mexico. However, it was not until General Sam Houston defeated General Santa Anna and his troops at the Battle of San Jacinto months later that Mexico promised to withdraw its army.


CHAPTER 8: Oregon

Big Question: Why did settlers set off for Oregon, and what was different about the way they moved west along the Oregon Trail?

During the 1840s–1850s, wagon trains on the Oregon Trail snaked their way across the landscape.


CHAPTER 9: War with Mexico

Big Question: Why did President Polk seek to gain land that belonged to Mexico?

In 1846–1847, America waged war with Mexico to take over Mexican land, including most of present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and large parts of present-day Wyoming, New Mexico, and Colorado.

Westward Expansion by 1853

Mississippi River

Arkansas River

Nueces River

Missouri River

Rio Grande

Ohio River

Columbia River

Sna

k e R iver

Lake SuperiorLake Michigan

Lake Huron

Lake Ontario

Lake Erie

Boston

130° W 60° W

40° N

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United Statesin 1783Texas

Annexation1845

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1803Oregon Trail

Canada

120° W 110° W 100° W 90° W 80° W 70° W

Russia

Alaska1867 Canada

160° W 150° W 140° W

60° N

70° N

0 500 miles

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Florida

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CHAPTER 10: Settling the Far West

Big Question: How do the experiences of the Mormons who moved west compare with those of the people who flocked to California?

The Mormons moved west to escape religious persecution. In 1847, they founded the “City of Saints” in Utah, known today as Salt Lake City.


CHAPTER 10: Settling the Far West

Big Question: How do the experiences of the Mormons who moved west compare with those of the people who flocked to California?

Many people went to California during the gold rush of 1848–1849.

westward expansion before the civil war...westward expansion before the civil war introduction as...

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