welcomes you all to the…. software defined radio prospects and strategies for development by rajan...
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Welcomes You all to the…. Software Defined Radio
Prospects and Strategies for DevelopmentBy
Rajan T Joseph ED,C-DAC,Trivandrum
25th April 2005Elitex – 2005 New Delhi
Agenda
Introduction SDR Technology Frame work of R&D Discussions
C-DAC – Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
• A merged entity of the 4 Societies under DIT indicated below
• Spread out at 10 locations with 14 Labs and about 2000 work force
• Expertise and Infrastructure to take up multidiscipline, complex projects and system
CEDTI - Mohali(Centre for Electronics Design and Technology, India)
ER&DCI – Thiruvananthapuram, Noida, Kolkata(Electronics Research & Development Centre, India) NCST – Mumbai, Bangalore, Navi Mumbai(National Centre for Software Technology)
C-DAC – Pune, Bangalore, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata
(Centre for Development of Advanced Computing)
C-DAC, Trivandrum Established by Govt. of Kerala in 1974 as an
autonomous Scientific Society to promote R&D in Electronics
Taken over by Govt. of India in 1988 and made an autonomous Scientific Society under Dept. of Electronics
Merged with ER&DC India, a national level Scientific Society in December 1994
Merged with CDAC in 2002
Staff Strength over 500
Areas of research Control & Instrumentation
Power Electronics
Underwater Electronics
ASIC Design
Networking
E-Governance
Broadcast & Communications
Broadcast and CommunicationsExecuting projects in advanced area of Broadcast and
Communications with expertise in Protocol Stack Analog and Mixed Signal Design Communication algorithms RF Trans-Receivers Embedded systems Real-time systems Device Drivers, GUI & Data Base
Major Projects
TETRA Hand Held TETRA Base Station TETRA Protocol Stacks CDART 1-Advanced Hand Portable IP Telephone Watermarking Digital Audio Lawful Interception of VoIP Traffic
IP TelephoneIP Telephone
C-DAC SDR Related Projects/ Achievements•A DIT study project on SDR completed in 2004
-Opportunity to study the complex SDR technology in brief,understand the need for SDR and,generate a Vision in the forward path for SDR Projects
-Study report available in DIT web site
•Development of the TETRA Base Station based on semi-SDR architecture
•Meetings with different R&D Organizations on SDR activities
•SDR-FORUM membership
SDR FORUM SDR Forum is an open - non profit
corporation dedicated to supporting the development, deployment and use of open architecture for advanced wireless system.
Initially known as MMITS More than 60 member companies C-DAC is a member of SDR Forum
SDR DefinedThe term SDR is used to describe radios that provide
software control of a variety of modulation techniques,
wideband or narrowband operation, communication
security functions and waveform requirements of current
and evolving standards over a broad frequency range.
Not a single technological breakthrough – rather a
collection of implementation technologies that enable
configurability.
ScopeThe Mobile communication is strangled by a multitude of
standardswith wide diversity in:
Bandwidth Modulation methods Error protections Protocols TDMA/FDMA schemes……
Every new standard boasts unification, but this never happens.The Civil, Government and Military scenarios have different needs.System architects and users are equally baffled by this process.Large revenue is wasted to maintain rusty junks of hardware.World over, the search for intelligent radios is on. Multiband, Multimode capability will pave way to future-proof
radios.The Software Defined Radio is destined to take over.
Conventional Radio
TO DSP
ADC
DAC
DAC
ADC
Q
Q
I
I
TX SYNTH
RX SYNTH
Duplexer
F
F
FF
Analog
Multibandantenna
Multibandantenna
Pro
gr a
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able
DS
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SP
An
t en
na
s wit
c hi n
g s
yste
mA
nt e
nn
a s w
itc h
i ng
sys
tem
QuadratureupconverterQuadratureupconverter
Quadraturedownconverter
Quadraturedownconverter
RF Poweramplifier
RF Poweramplifier
RF low-noiseamplifier
RF low-noiseamplifier
AGCAGC
Info
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ion
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Info
rmat
ion
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Info
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I
Q
I
Q
WidebandDAC
WidebandDAC
WidebandDAC
WidebandDAC
I
Q
I
Q
WidebandADC
WidebandADC
WidebandADC
WidebandADC
Direct Conversion Architecture
Direct Conversion Architecture
Pro
gr a
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able
DS
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SP Digital
I-F upconverter
Digital I-F
upconverter
An
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yste
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nt e
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a s w
itc h
i ng
sys
tem
Digital I-F
downconverter
Digital I-F
downconverter
WidebandDAC
WidebandDAC
WidebandADC
WidebandADC
RFupconverter
RFupconverter
RF downconverter
RF downconverter
RF Poweramplifier
RF Poweramplifier
RF low-noiseamplifier
RF low-noiseamplifier
AGCAGC
Multibandantenna
Multibandantenna
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ion
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I-FI-F
I-FI-FI
Q
I
Q
I
Q
I
Q
IF Based ArchitectureIF Based Architecture
Benefits• A single Hardware for Multimode, multiband and multifunctional Wireless Systems
• Software Upgrade for add on functionalities
• Customization of a single generic hardware for diverse needs
• Higher levels of software reusability
• Lower costs to meet new user demands
• Lower time to market new terminals
FEATURES OF SDR SDR provides solutions for the legacy system as well as emerging
wireless technologies spanning over 2G, 3G and beyond. Radios built using SDR concepts offer:
Standard architecture for a wide range of communications products
Non-restrictive wireless roaming for consumers by extending the capabilities of current and emerging commercial air-interface standards
Uniform communication across commercial, civil, federal and military organizations
Potential for significant life-cycle cost reductions Over the air downloads of new features and services as well as
software patches Advanced networking capabilities to allow truly "portable"
networks
Network flexibility and spectrum utilization enhanced using SDR
Software downloads for SDR product and service upgrades, enhancements
SDR exploited to enable fewer, more flexible product platforms
Software Defined Radio
1G
2G
3G
4G
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Cap
abil
itie
s an
d S
ervi
ces
SDR APPLICATION in WIRELESS SYSTEMS
ADVANTAGES OF SDR SDR provides the following advantages to the stakeholders:
For subscribers – easier international roaming, improved and more flexible services increased personalization and choice.For network operators – the potential to rapidly develop and introduce new, personalized and customized services, tools for increased customer retention, new added-value services and revenue streams, reduced costs of network evolution and enhancement, increased flexibility of spectrum management and usage.For handset and base station manufacturers – the promise of new economies of scale, increased production flexibility and improved, and more rapid, product evolution.For regulators – the prospect of increased spectrum efficiency, better use of a scarce resource.
SDR EVOLUTION
1970 - MULTIMODE VHF RADIO 1980 - TACTICAL ANTI JAM RADIOS WITH E WAVEFORM MODULES 1990 - MULTIBAND, MULTIMODE - SPEAKeasy 2000 - RE-CONFIGURABLE RADIO PLATFORMS 2005 - MULTI-MODE BASE STATIONS 2010 - SDR BASED USER TERMINALS
In the final decade of twentieth century, SDR made an incredibly rapid transition, within perhaps just 5 years, from an obscure military and academic concept to a commercial credibility in the mobile communication market.
EuropeanVision of
Re-congurableRadio Systems
& Networks
Initial Concept Of Software
Radio
Network
Base Station
Terminal
Military CommercialVoice, Low- Data Rate
Broadband Multimedia
Enabling Technologies ADC – the single most demanding performance DAC similar to ADC requirements DDC / DUC – (Digital down/up converters) programmable embedded
DSP functionalities with NCO for RSP/TSP with frequency hopping capability
FPGAs/ASICs : Embedded DSP functionalities DSP : meet computational overheads of base band processing Host Processor : Application Programs, Protocol stacks, system
controls Operating System Broadband RF Front End
Direct Conversion / IF digitization, high dynamic range Receiver,
Linearized Upconverters and Transmitters
• SDR technology has some drawbacks like higher power consumption, higher processing power (MIPS) requirement, increased complexity of software and higher initial costs
• The extent of SDR progress will be decided largely by RF technology
• Higher communication rates are accelerating higher processing requirements on DSP.
• SDR “solutions” are currently available for cellular and PCS base stations as well as fixed station military applications.
• Technology not yet ripe for hand-sets.
• SDR has already been adopted by many infrastructure manufacturers as their core platform
SDR – the status quo
SDR Standards
Software Communications Architecture specifications (SCAS) from United States Joint Tactical Radio System
Distributed Object Computing Software Radio Architecture (DOCSRA) from
SDR Forum’s Mobile Working Group
Areas of Skill required
Radio systems Antennas RF Design Modulation Demodulation Error control coding A to D conversion(HF) D to A conversion(HF)DSP Algorithms
FPGA /ASIC DesignOS development Network Control and Management S/W Communication protocols Multiple Access Techniques Application softwareSecure Software Download
Major Activities & Challenges
Parallel development of H/W and S/W Extensive simulations of RF and DSP The Antenna/RF subsystem (AIU) The digital IF modem: ASIC, FPGA, DSP Application program development OS development Protocol stacks – various standards Secure Software Download mechanisms
Reconfigurable Wireless Sub-Systems
AntennaRadio TransceiverBase band ProcessingApplications and services, e.g., to
ensure a committed QoS
Reconfigurable Systems Key Objectives and General Requirements
Adaptation of the radio interface to varying deployment environment and air interface standards
Provision of new applications and services
Software updatesEnabling full exploitation of flexible
heterogeneous radio network services.
Requirements – three distinct groups
Radio Configuration ControlCreation and provision of services
to reconfigurable terminals (over converging networks and various Air Interface)
User profile, terminal, access network and location management
SDR DEVELOPMENT TASKS DIVISION
SOFTWARE-55%
HARDWARE-25%
APPLICATIONS-20%
Broadcast and CommunicationsExecuting projects in advanced area of Broadcast and
Communications with expertise in Protocol Stack Analog and Mixed Signal Design Communication algorithms RF Trans-Receivers Embedded systems Real-time systems Device Drivers, GUI & Data Base
Research Areas Generic Reconfigurable Architecture
with distributed Intelligence Network Reconfiguration Management Adaptive Protocols Adaptive Base band Object Oriented Hardware Reconfiguration Radio Resource Management, RRM & JRRM Mode Identification & Monitoring Methods Reconfigurable RF subsystems User Requirements - Statistical Study
Need for SDR technology development
• High IPR content
• Need for indigenous base on strategic reasons
• The technology of tomorrow’s Wireless
• Military and Commercial interest
• Success of 3G and beyond depends heavily on SDR
Participating Organisation DEAL - HARDWARE LRDE - ENCRYPTION CDoT - SOFTWARE/HARDWARE CRL - ANTENNA IISc - SPEECH CODES CEWIT - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM SAMEER - EMI/EMC/ANTENNA IIT - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM C-DAC - HARDWARE/SOFTWARE
CDAC in RetrospectCDAC in Retrospect
• Embedded Hardware
• Digital Signal Processing
• Operating Systems
• Protocol Stacks
• TETRA Digital Mobile Radio
• TETRA Base Station
• Embedded Hardware
• Digital Signal Processing
• Operating Systems
• Protocol Stacks
• TETRA Digital Mobile Radio
• TETRA Base Station
They stand us in good stead
Lab3
SDR-Technology Development Path
Lab n
Lab 2
Lab 1
2005 2007 2010
SDR-TDP
SDR-TDP
SDR-TDP
SDR-TDP
SDR Technology
SDR Products/Application
Special Customer Needs
SDR User inputs Outputs to Industry
Reference Platforms
Development Platforms
National Mission Project on SDR Technology Development
SDR Mission Project- Steering Group
MoD
BEL
DEAL DRDO
MCIT
C-DAC C-DoT
Sameer CEWT
Service Providers
GSM CDMA
Project Co-Ordination Group - DIT
Technology ProductsKnowledge Base
Awareness
User/Application/IndustryPresentation/Training
IPRsPapers
MHRD
IITs IISc
5 Y
ears
– 1
20 C
rore
s
SD
R F
oru
m, A
rmy,
CO
AI
The VISIONFoster future-proof wireless technology and bring
it to the forefront of competing standards, with scalability to cater to the diverse communication
needs of the nation.
The MISSION
Through a convergence of research talents among various organizations,
develop indigenous SDR technology with hardware, firmware and software
solutions necessary to materialize the vision, generate intellectual property
rights and pave the way for a renewed wireless industry activity capable of global presence, through transfer of
manufacturing technology of scalable SDR products by 2010.
SDR ….Important REFERENCES
1. Software Defined Radio:Origins,Drivers and International PerspectivesBy Tuttlebee
2. Software Defined Radio:Enabling TechnologiesBy Tuttlebee
3. Software Defined Radio- Selected ReadingsBy Mitola and Zvonar
4. SDR study Report By C-DAC (www.mit.gov.in)
5. SDR Forum web site www.sdrforum.org
Thanks a lot…