WELCOME to SeminarWELCOME to Seminar 4!4!

We will begin on time. We will begin on time. Meanwhile, enjoy chatting.Meanwhile, enjoy chatting.

You just can't beat the person You just can't beat the person

who never gives up.who never gives up.- Babe Ruth- Babe Ruth

It’s SHOWTIME !!!!!!!!

Welcome to Seminar #4

How is everyone today? How was your week?

Hero’s Flaws• Sometimes the hero succumbs to taking short

cuts, cheating, or failing to keep his/her word.• Jason was a famous Greek hero who undertook

a quest to secure the Golden Fleece, and with it, the throne of his father that had been usurped by his uncle. While Jason did bring back the fleece, it was thanks to the intervention of Medea, who helped Jason for the promise of marriage. When Jason later abandoned Medea, he drew the ire of not just Medea, but the gods, and lost everything.

• http://www.pbs.org/mythsandheroes/myths_four_jason.html

Unit 4 Discussion

• Stephen Glass was one of the most promising American journalists of his time. At 23, he was writing for The New Republic, the only magazine that flies aboard Air Force One. It was an amazing and powerful position to be in, but with power comes responsibility. The pressure to crank out exciting, investigative reporting and dazzle his editors and readers ended in Glass’s firing.

In the Discussion

• Respond to the following questions: – If you had to choose one factor that influenced

Glass’s behavior at The New Republic, what would you pick? Explain why this is the straw that broke his honesty.

– How could these loopholes have been avoided completely if editors had been more careful with Glass’s work? How much responsibility do you think falls on the editors?

– Do you think The New Republic will ever regain its reputation? Why or why not?

Using Other People’s Work

• In academic writing, you are allowed to use other people’s work in order to add to the continuing discussion.

• However, you must follow certain rules.

• You can not have too much quoted material in your paper (no more than 20%), so you will have to decide which sections you want to quote and which ones you want to paraphrase.

Giving Credit to Your Sources

• If you use someone else’s work, you must give credit in TWO places: – In the text– On the references page

• Credit must always be given in both places and in the correct format.

In the Text

• When you use someone else’s exact words (quoting):– Put quotation marks around the

material.– Cite!

• Some rules for paraphrasing and summarizing:– Change all the words and the word

order.– Cite!

Quotations

• A quotation is when you use someone else's exact words.

• To indicate that you are using someone else's words, place those words within quotation marks and cite.

• This is called an in text citation.

• We no longer use footnotes. Now the information should be placed within parenthesis.

In Text Citation

• Sample in text citation: – "There is only one way under high

heaven to get anybody to do anything. . . .And that is by making the other person want to do it" (Carnegie, 1998, p. 17).

• Always use the author’s last name. If there is no author, use the title of the article that you read.

Simple In Text Citation Format

• Whenever you use someone else’s words or ideas, you must give credit immediately.

• At the end of the researched material:– (Author's last name, year, page or paragraph

number).– ("Title of Article," year, page or paragraph number

number).

• Use only the information asked for. The rest of the information will be provided on the references page.

Page Numbers & Online Sources

• If your sources are online sources, you may not have a page number.

• Count the paragraphs so you can give a paragraph number.

• Author (year), “…………………” (para. 5).• If there are headings, cite the heading and count

the number of paragraphs after the heading so you can give a paragraph number.

• Author (year), “…………..” (“Title of Heading,” para. 2).

Examples of In Text Citations

• “No one has the right to do wrong, not even when wrong has been done to them” (Frankl, 1984, p. 98).

• “Darwin's original list … contained 400,000 names of species, and an average of 6,000 species were added to it every year since it was first published” (“World’s Plant Life,” 2010, para. 10).

• “Married men tend to live many years longer than single men” (Kirkwood, 2010, p. 34).

Advanced In Text Citation Format

• Using the author’s name as part of the sentence itself is preferred.

• If you use the author's name as part of the sentence itself: • According to John Brown (2009), "..........."

(p. 21).

• The same holds true if there is no author.– According to the article, “Old City, New Life”

(2010), “Old San Juan is a city steeped in history” (p. 17).

Examples of Advanced In Text Citations

• Mike Dooley (2010), author and motivational

speaker, tells his readers that “thoughts become

things” (para. 1).

• According to Viktor E. Frankl (1984), psychiatrist and concentration camp survivor, “Every age has its own collective neurosis” (p. 131).

• The article, “Slice of Life” (2010), featured in the December issue of Caribbean Travel + Life, reminds travelers that “The Tortuga rum cake is one of the Caribbean’s most popular souvenirs” (p. 20).

What is the in text citation for this quote?

• Author: Viktor E. Frankl• Date: 1984 • Book: Man’s Search for Meaning• Page: 75• Quote:

• “There are always choices to make.”

Answers

• “There are always choices to make” (Frankl, 1984, p. 75)

• OR

• Victor Frankl (1984), a psychiatrist who survived the Nazi concentration camps, emphasized the positive saying, “There are always choices to make” (p. 75).

What is the in text citation for this quote?

• Author: Jonathan Feng & Mark Trodden• Date: November 2010• Article: “Dark Worlds”• Magazine: Scientific American• Page: 43• Quote:

• “Could there be a hidden world that is an exact copy of ours, containing …hidden planets, hidden stars and even hidden people?”

Answers

• “Could there be a hidden world that is an exact copy of ours, containing …hidden planets, hidden stars and even hidden people?” (Feng & Trodden, 2010, p. 43).

• OR

• Jonathan Feng and Mark Trodden (2010) ask, “Could there be a hidden world that is an exact copy of ours, containing …hidden planets, hidden stars and even hidden people?” (p. 43).

What is the in text citation for this quote?

• Author: None

• Date: December 29, 2010

• Article: “3D Games Can Ruin Children's Eyes, Nintendo Warns”

• Web Site: Fox News

• Paragraph: 1

• Quote: “3D is the hot new media trend as of late -- but is it safe? Not for children under 6, warns Nintendo.”

Answers• “3D is the hot new media trend as of late --

but is it safe? Not for children under 6, warns Nintendo” (“3D Games,” 2010, para. 1).

• OR

• The article, “3D Games Can Ruin Children’s Eyes, Nintendo Warns” (2010), states, “3D is the hot new media trend as of late - but is it safe? Not for children under 6, warns Nintendo” (para. 1).

What if your source quotes someone else?

• Author: Stephen R. Covey• Person Quoted: Aristotle• Date: 2003• Book: The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People• Page: 46

• “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.” 

 

Cite YOUR source, not your source’s source.

• Your first thought might be to quote the author of the quote, Aristotle, but your source is Covey, who is quoting Aristotle.

• “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit” (Covey, 2003, p. 46).

• But citing that way does not tell the reader who was quoted!

Better Answer

• Introduce the quote:

• According to Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit” (Covey, 2003, p. 46).

• Now the reader has all the information.

 

Paraphrasing

• Since you may not quote more than 15-20% of your paper, you may need to paraphrase.

• A paraphrase is when you put someone else’s words into your own words.

• You can't copy and paste a few words from different sentences and call it your own. Reword the information completely.

Paraphrase

• When paraphrasing, avoid plagiarizing accidentally by – Changing ALL the important

words– Changing the sentence

structure. • If you include an author's exact

words, enclose them in quotation marks.

• You should also change the order of the words in the sentence.

Must you cite Must you cite when you when you

paraphrase?paraphrase?

Yes!

• Even though you are using your own words, you still need to include an in text citation that identifies the original source of the ideas.

• Cite the same way that you would for a quotation.

• You must also include the source on your references page.

Examples of Paraphrases• Quotation:

– “Thoughts become things” (Dooley, 2010, para. 1).

• Paraphrase:• Thinking produces tangible results. (Dooley, 2010,

para. 1)– OR

• According to Mike Dooley (2010), the author of the TUT Adventurers’ web site, the ideas that a person holds in his or her mind manifest in the material world. (para. 1)

• Note that in both paraphrases, all the important words were changed.

More Paraphrases

• Quote:– “Every age has its own collective neurosis” (Frankl,

1984, p. 131).• OR

• Paraphrase:– Through his studies, psychiatrist Viktor E Frankl

(1984) theorized that each historical era has at least one major problem that concerns most people living during that time. (p. 131)

What is Plagiarism?What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is taking someone else's work, words, or ideas and presenting them as if they were your own.

Work includes original ideas, strategies, and research, art, graphics, computer programs, music, and other creative expression.

Is Plagiarism Wrong?Is Plagiarism Wrong?

Why or why not?Why or why not?

Consequences of Plagiarism1. Job loss* Reporters for the New York Times

have lost their jobs because they plagiarized articles.

* A professor at the University of Colorado was investigated for plagiarism and lost his job.

* A Florida judge plagiarized on a military exam and may have lost his military rank.

2) Legal Problems

• Actor Michael Douglas sued a Florida company for using his image to make money. He asked that all profits from the use of his picture be given to him.

• Dan Brown, the author of the DaVinci Code, was sued by the authors of Holy Blood, Holy Grail, who claim Brown took ideas from their book. Brown, however, was cleared of the plagiarism charge.

• Former President Jimmy Carter has been accused of plagiarizing his new book. A number of his advisors quit because of this allegation.

3) Failing a class or being expelled

Being accused of plagiarism can have severe consequences. You may receive a zero for your work; you may get an F for the class, or you may even be expelled from the school.

Most students do not intended to plagiarize, but the rules of documentation can be very confusing. It is important to learn how to use borrowed material correctly so you can avoid the consequences listed above.

Remember the Rules for Using Reseached Material

• Many plagiarism problems come from failure to use quotation marks for a quote.

– Rules for using someone else’s exact words (quoting):

• Put quotation marks around the material.• Cite!

• Other plagiarism problems come from failure to change all the words when paraphrasing:

– Rules for paraphrasing and summarizing:• Change all the words and the word order.• Cite!

Poor Paraphrasing

• When you paraphrase, you must change all of the important words and the sentence structure (order in which the words appear).

• You can not take a few words from one sentence and a few more from another sentence and glue them together as your own.

The words in capital letters are the same in both paragraphs.• Original Quotation: "IN THE CONCENTRATION

CAMPS, for example, in this living laboratory and on this testing ground, WE watched and witnessed SOME OF OUR comrades behave LIKE swine WHILE OTHERS behaved LIKE saints. MAN HAS BOTH potentialities within HIMSELF; WHICH ONE is actualized DEPENDS ON DECISIONS but NOT on CONDITIONS" (Frankl, 1984, p. 135).

• Poor Paraphrase: IN THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS, WE saw SOME OF OUR friends act LIKE pigs WHILE OTHERS acted LIKE angels. It is a fact that MAN HAS BOTH possibilities WITHIN HIMSELF. Therefore, WHICH ONE he becomes DEPENDS ON DECISIONS NOT ON CONDITIONS. (Frankl, 1984, p. 135)

The paraphrase from the last screen would be

considered to be plagiarism.

Even though the writer changed some of the words, many of the words come directly

from the original as does the sentence structure and word order. Therefore, it would be considered plagiarism even

though the material was cited.

Freedom from Plagiarism

• Read the material you wish to paraphrase or summarize. Read it until you understand it.

• CLOSE THE SOURCE that contains the material you were reading.

• Ask yourself, “What did I just read?” • With the source still closed tell yourself what

you read, using your own words. • If you have the source closed, you are not likely

to use the same words as the source, so you are not likely to plagiarize.

Semicolons ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; A semicolon can be used where a

period can be used.The dog barked. The mailman ran.The dog barked; the mailman ran.

Error: A comma can not be used where a period can be used.Comma Splice (error): The dog

barked, the mailman ran.

Compound Sentences 2 Sentences: The dog barked. The cat ran. Comma + FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

Note1: The comma goes BEFORE the “FANBOYS.” Note2: You must have two separate subject and verbs.

S V, FANBOYS SV The dog barked, so the cat ran. The dog ran after the cat, but he couldn’t catch her. The dog ran around the house looking for the cat, and then he

ran around the house again. The dog was confused, for (because) he could not find the cat. The dog was tired, yet he still continued his search. The dog could not find the cat, nor could he find his bone.