Welcome and time use data orientation

Gretchen DonehowerNTA Time Use and Gender Workshop

Tuesday, October 23, 2012Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República

Montevideo, Uruguay

Outline

1. Workshop goals2. NTA and NTTA3. Overview of NTTA estimation strategy4. What data are necessary? What data do you

have?– Applies to both regular NTA by sex and NTTA

(National Time Transfer Accounts) by sex

5. Time use survey and wage data discussion6. Estimating NTTA production profile from time

use surveys

Workshop Goals

• Introduce methodology behind age profiles of production and consumption of time by sex– Both time and money units– Full methodology details are on the NTA wiki

• Review NTA labor income and consumption age profile methodology by sex

• Discuss strategy for computing other NTA and NTTA age profiles– Transfers, asset-based reallocations

NTA and NTTA

• National Transfer Accounts (NTA)– Linked to national accounts at the macro level– Measures market goods and services

• National Time Transfer Accounts (NTTA)– Measures economically productive activities not measured

in national accounts– Terminology not well defined

• Household production (but can be done outside of household)• Unpaid work (but some unpaid work is already in national

accounts) • Time use (but time is also spent in market activities

NTTA Estimation Strategy

• Production– Get available time use survey, learn to use it– Identify time spent on 11 different household productive activities– Compute age- and sex-specific average time spent in those

productive activities– Find appropriate wages to impute for 11 activities

• Consumption– Impute age and sex of consumption based on household

members’ age and sex– Compute age- and sex-specific average time consumed– Use same imputed wages as for production to value consumption

in monetary terms

Example, US 2009, Time Production

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85

Age

Gro

up A

vera

ge (H

rs/D

ay)

AgeMarket Work, Male Market Work, FemaleHH Production-Care, Male HH Production-Care, FemaleHH Production-Other, Male HH Production-Other, Female

Market Work

HH Production - Care

HH Production -Other

Example, US 2009NTTA Consumption in Time Units

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Age

Gro

up A

vera

ge (H

rs/D

ay)

Age

Consumption of Care, Male Consumption of Care, Female

Consumption of Gen'l Activities, Male Consumption of Gen'l Activities, Female

Consumption of Care

Consumption of General Household Activities

Example, US 2009NTTA in Money Units

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

2009

Dol

lars

(000

's) p

er Y

ear

Age

Production, Male Production, Female

Consumption, Male Consumption, Female

Data for NTA by Sex1. National account data (for computing macro controls)

– Only computed for total population (no controls by sex)

2. Household survey– Nationally representative– Includes income and consumption (although some countries

use different surveys for different profiles)– Has household roster by age and sex (and other categories of

interest)

3. Administrative or other supplementary age shape data4. Population Data

– By age and sex

Data for NTTA by Sex1. No international standard for household production

accounts (i.e. nothing similar to SNA)– But in development, so your country may have an estimate

2. Time use survey– Nationally representative– Complete household roster by age and sex– Same time period as NTA estimates, if possible– Sample represents a calendar year

3. Wage data– Results of national survey of wages by occupation – If not available, can use NTA household survey if sufficiently

detailed occupation data is included and survey is large enough

4. Population data (same as for NTA)

Time Use Survey Questionnaire1. When is the year of your time use survey? 2. During what months was the time use recorded?3. How many respondents are there in the survey? 4. Is it nationally representative, or just for a sub-region or group in the country?5. What time period are respondents asked to account for (e.g. one day, one week)?6. How many time respondents per household? (Some surveys have only one time

respondent per household, some survey all adults, some survey all hh members.)7. Do you know the age and sex of others in the time respondents’ households (i.e.

do you have a full household roster by age and sex)?8. Do you need a survey weight variable to generate accurate age-sex group means? 9. Can respondents indicate multiple, simultaneous activities (i.e. “multi-tasking”)?10. Do the hours in a day add up to 24 for each respondent, or is it possible for people

to answer so that they account for more or less than 24 hours in a day?11. For childcare activity variables, is there an age range specified for the children? 12. Similarly for elder- or adult care variables, is there an age range specified?13. Have you located in the documentation a complete list of all the possible activities

accounted for in your time use survey, with their coding scheme?

NTTA Production Age Profile

• Find time use survey’s coding scheme for activities• Identify NTTA productive activities in coding scheme

– Not already included in national accounts• So market production is NOT included• Unpaid family labor that generates market income is not included, even if

the person who did the work did not get paid

– Satisfies third party criterion• You could pay someone else to do it for you• Leisure, education, and many self-care activities do NOT satisfy this

criterion

• Group NTTA productive activities into 11 categories• For time-based NTTA production profile, calculate age- and

sex- average time spent in each category

Groups of NTTA Activities1. Cleaning2. Laundry (includes sewing and clothing repair) 3. Cooking (food and drink preparation)4. Household maintenance and repair5. Lawn and garden care6. Household management (incl. finances, scheduling, coordinating, and related

telephone calls)7. Pet care (not veterinary care)8. Purchasing goods and services9. Childcare **10. Eldercare and care outside the home (includes volunteering) **11. Travel (related to care activities and purchasing goods and services)

** Needs to be divided into variables for care in household versus outside household