Week #8 Quarter 2 (12/2-12/6) (calendar site)Friday, 12/6

Activities/Assignments:1.Scale yourself on #5, 11 122.Stamp Land Ecosystem Notes3.Discuss Land and Aquatic Ecosystem Notes

4.Oceanography Notes

Today in APES…

APES Learning Goal: I can apply the study of oceanography

Homework:• Aquatic Notes due

Monday• Chapters 1-3; 5-6;

23-26 Study Guide due Monday

• Chapters 1-7; 23-26 Study Guide due Tuesday

• Eco-Column Reports due December 13th

Oceanography

Ocean Floor and Ocean Water

I. Water Cycle – the natural circulation of water into and out of the atmosphere.

A. The Water Cycle• 5 phases:

– 1) evaporation – liquid to gas• The sun energy evaporates ocean water and

become part of atmosphere– 2) condensation – gas to liquid

• Some of H20 molecules in air condense to form clouds.

– 3) transpiration – evaporation of H20 through leaves

• Occurs when plants breathe during photosynthesis– 4) precipitation – H20 falls from clouds as

rain, snow, or sleet– 5) ground water – water that is absorbed by

Earth’s surface and travels underground back to ocean

1. Water Cycle – the natural circulation of water into and out of the atmosphere.

• How much water is transpired into our atmosphere each year by a tree of average size?

300 gallons of water per

year

30,000 gallons of water per year

300,000 gallons of water per year

3,000,000 gallons of water per year

30,000 gallons of water per year

Through the process called transpiration, a tree of average size may release through its leaves about 30,000 gallons of water per year. This water is released into our atmosphere. An acre of corn may transpire about 300,000 gallons of water in a growing season.

A. Oceans1. 71 % of earths surface covered with

water2. 97 % of the water is in oceans3. In fact there is water around all the

land

4. Four FIVE major oceansa. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic,

Southern

Oceansa. Pacific is larger than the Atlantic

and Indian combinedb. Atlantic is second largestc. Pacific is deepest oceand. Indian is second deepeste. Oceans have salt water

II. Mapping the Ocean Floor1. The deep ocean is difficult to

measure2. High pressure crushes ships3. Earliest method is sounding

a. Dropping lines until they hit the bottomb. Inaccurate and slow

4. Modern Techniquesa. Instruments like

underwater camerasb. Underwater robotsc. Bathyometry –

measuring water depthd. Indirect methods like

sonar1) Send down sound waves2) They hit bottom and

bounce up3) Detect signal4) Use speed of sound to

calculate distance

Human Exploration of Oceans

A. The Ocean Floor1. Topography- the description of the

shape ocean floor and its features2. Ocean floor is different from the

continents.

3. It has higher mountainsa. Deeper canyonsb. Larger, flatter plainsc. Different type of rocks d. More volcanoes

B. Continents Edge1. Called the continental margin2. Three parts

a. Continental shelfb. Continental slopec. Continental rise

C. Continental Shelf1. More like land than ocean floor2. Slopes gently from the shoreline3. Sediments from land are deposited4. Varies in width5. Atlantic 200 km6. Siberia 1200 km

D. Continental Slope1. Floor goes down rapidly- steep

slope2. Boundary between continent crust

and ocean crust

E. Continental Rise1. Slopes more gently2. Made of sediments that come off

the shelf3. Turbidity flows carry sediments

down.4. Like underwater

avalanches of sediment and water

F. Submarine Canyons1. V shaped valleys cut through shelf

and slope2. Caused by turbidity flows3. Bring deep water

close to shore4. Monterrey Bay5. Good fishing

G. The Ocean Floor• Large flat areas are called abyssal

plains• Biggest in Atlantic and Indian oceans

H. Mountains1. Underwater mountains are called

seamounts1. They are usually volcanoes

2. Some rise above to form islands3. Like Hawaiian islands